  March 30, 2021

      Title 50
      Wildlife and Fisheries
      Parts 18 to 199
      Revised as of October 1, 2020
      Containing a codification of documents of general applicability and future effect
      As of October 1, 2020

        Published by the Office of the Federal Register National Archives and Records Administration as a Special Edition of the Federal Register

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      Table of Contents
      Page

        Explanation
        v

        Title 50:

          Chapter I—United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior (Continued)
          3

        Finding Aids:
        Table of CFR Titles and Chapters
        815
        Alphabetical List of Agencies Appearing in the CFR
        835
        List of CFR Sections Affected
        845

      Cite this Code: CFR

      To cite the regulations in this volume use title, part and section number. Thus, 50 CFR 18.1 refers to title 50, part 18, section 1.

      Explanation
      The Code of Federal Regulations is a codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the Executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government. The Code is divided into 50 titles which represent broad areas subject to Federal regulation. Each title is divided into chapters which usually bear the name of the issuing agency. Each chapter is further subdivided into parts covering specific regulatory areas.
      Each volume of the Code is revised at least once each calendar year and issued on a quarterly basis approximately as follows:

        Title 1 through Title 16
        as of January 1
        Title 17 through Title 27
        as of April 1
        Title 28 through Title 41
        as of July 1
        Title 42 through Title 50
        as of October 1

      The appropriate revision date is printed on the cover of each volume.

        LEGAL STATUS
        The contents of the Federal Register are required to be judicially noticed (44 U.S.C. 1507). The Code of Federal Regulations is prima facie evidence of the text of the original documents (44 U.S.C. 1510).

        HOW TO USE THE CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS
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        To determine whether a Code volume has been amended since its revision date (in this case, October 1, 2020), consult the “List of CFR Sections Affected (LSA),” which is issued monthly, and the “Cumulative List of Parts Affected,” which appears in the Reader Aids section of the daily Federal Register. These two lists will identify the Federal Register page number of the latest amendment of any given rule.

        EFFECTIVE AND EXPIRATION DATES
        Each volume of the Code contains amendments published in the Federal Register since the last revision of that volume of the Code. Source citations for the regulations are referred to by volume number and page number of the Federal Register and date of publication. Publication dates and effective dates are usually not the same and care must be exercised by the user in determining the actual effective date. In instances where the effective date is beyond the cut-off date for the Code a note has been inserted to reflect the future effective date. In those instances where a regulation published in the Federal Register states a date certain for expiration, an appropriate note will be inserted following the text.

        OMB CONTROL NUMBERS

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        PAST PROVISIONS OF THE CODE
        Provisions of the Code that are no longer in force and effect as of the revision date stated on the cover of each volume are not carried. Code users may find the text of provisions in effect on any given date in the past by using the appropriate List of CFR Sections Affected (LSA). For the convenience of the reader, a “List of CFR Sections Affected” is published at the end of each CFR volume. For changes to the Code prior to the LSA listings at the end of the volume, consult previous annual editions of the LSA. For changes to the Code prior to 2001, consult the List of CFR Sections Affected compilations, published for 1949-1963, 1964-1972, 1973-1985, and 1986-2000.

        “[RESERVED]” TERMINOLOGY
        The term “[Reserved]” is used as a place holder within the Code of Federal Regulations. An agency may add regulatory information at a “[Reserved]” location at any time. Occasionally “[Reserved]” is used editorially to indicate that a portion of the CFR was left vacant and not dropped in error.

        INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

          What is incorporation by reference? Incorporation by reference was established by statute and allows Federal agencies to meet the requirement to publish regulations in the Federal Register by referring to materials already published elsewhere. For an incorporation to be valid, the Director of the Federal Register must approve it. The legal effect of incorporation by reference is that the material is treated as if it were published in full in the Federal Register (5 U.S.C. 552(a)). This material, like any other properly issued regulation, has the force of law.

          What is a proper incorporation by reference? The Director of the Federal Register will approve an incorporation by reference only when the requirements of 1 CFR part 51 are met. Some of the elements on which approval is based are:
        (a) The incorporation will substantially reduce the volume of material published in the Federal Register.
        (b) The matter incorporated is in fact available to the extent necessary to afford fairness and uniformity in the administrative process.
        (c) The incorporating document is drafted and submitted for publication in accordance with 1 CFR part 51.

          What if the material incorporated by reference cannot be found? If you have any problem locating or obtaining a copy of material listed as an approved incorporation by reference, please contact the agency that issued the regulation containing that incorporation. If, after contacting the agency, you find the material is not available, please notify the Director of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001, or call 202-741-6010.

        CFR INDEXES AND TABULAR GUIDES

        A subject index to the Code of Federal Regulations is contained in a separate volume, revised annually as of January 1, entitled CFR Index and Finding Aids. This volume contains the Parallel Table of Authorities and Rules. A list of CFR titles, chapters, subchapters, and parts and an alphabetical list of agencies publishing in the CFR are also included in this volume.

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        REPUBLICATION OF MATERIAL
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        INQUIRIES
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        ELECTRONIC SERVICES

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        The e-CFR is a regularly updated, unofficial editorial compilation of CFR material and Federal Register amendments, produced by the Office of the Federal Register and the Government Publishing Office. It is available at www.ecfr.gov.

          Oliver A. Potts,

          Director,

          Office of the Federal Register

          October 1, 2020.

      THIS TITLE
      Title 50—Wildlife and Fisheries is composed of thirteen volumes. The parts in these volumes are arranged in the following order: Parts 1-16; part 17 (17.1 to 17.95(a)), part 17 (17.95(b)), part 17 (17.95(c) to (e)), part 17 (17.95(f) to end of 17.95), part 17 (17.96 to 17.98), part 17 (17.99(a) to (h)), part 17 (17.99(i) to end of part 17), parts 18-199, parts 200-227, parts 228-599, parts 600-659, and part 660 to end. The first nine volumes consist of parts 1-16, part 17 (17.1 to 17.95(a)), part 17 (17.95(b)), part 17 (17.95(c) to (e)), part 17 (17.95(f) to end of 17.95), part 17 (17.96 to 17.98), part 17 (17.99(a) to 17.99(h)), part 17 (17.99(i) to end of part 17), and parts 18-199 and contain the current regulations issued under chapter I—United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior. The tenth volume (parts 200-227) contains the current regulations issued under chapter II—National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce. The eleventh volume (parts 228-599) contains the remaining current regulations issued under chapter II—National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce; and the current regulations issued under chapter III—International Fishing and Related Activities; chapter IV—Joint Regulations (United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior and National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce); Endangered Species Committee regulations; and chapter V—Marine Mammal Commission. The twelfth and thirteenth volumes (parts 600-659 and part 660 to end) contain the current regulations issued under chapter VI—Fishery Conservation and Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce. The contents of these volumes represent all current regulations codified under this title of the CFR as of October 1, 2020.
      Alphabetical listings of endangered and threatened wildlife and plants appear in §§ 17.11 and 17.12.
      The OMB control numbers for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration appear in 15 CFR 902.1.
      For this volume, Susannah C. Hurley was Chief Editor. The Code of Federal Regulations publication program is under the direction of John Hyrum Martinez, assisted by Stephen J. Frattini.

    50 CFR Ch. I (10-1-20 Edition)
    U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv., Interior

        Title 50—Wildlife and Fisheries
        (This book contains parts 18 to 199)

        Part

            chapter i—United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior (Continued)
          18

          CHAPTER I—UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (CONTINUED)

          SUBCHAPTER B—TAKING, POSSESSION, TRANSPORTATION, SALE, PURCHASE, BARTER, EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED)

        Part
        Page

          18
          Marine mammals
          5
          19
          Airborne hunting
          47
          20
          Migratory bird hunting
          48
          21
          Migratory bird permits
          70
          22
          Eagle permits
          136
          23
          Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)
          154
          24
          Importation and exportation of plants
          226

          SUBCHAPTER C—THE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SYSTEM

          25
          Administrative provisions
          229
          26
          Public entry and use
          237
          27
          Prohibited acts
          259
          28
          Enforcement, penalty, and procedural requirements for violations of Subchapter C
          266
          29
          Land use management
          268
          30
          Range and feral animal management
          297
          31
          Wildlife species management
          297
          32
          Hunting and fishing
          298
          34
          Refuge revenue sharing with counties
          527
          35
          Wilderness preservation and management
          531
          36
          Alaska National Wildlife Refuges
          534
          37
          Geological and geophysical exploration of the coastal plain, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska
          564

          38
          Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge
          586

          SUBCHAPTER D [RESERVED]

          SUBCHAPTER E—MANAGEMENT OF FISHERIES CONSERVATION AREAS

          70
          National fish hatcheries
          590
          71
          Hunting and sport fishing on national fish hatcheries
          591

          SUBCHAPTER F—FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE—WILDLIFE AND SPORT FISH RESTORATION PROGRAM

          80
          Administrative requirements, Pittman-Robertson Wildlife Restoration and Dingell—Johnson Sport Fish Restoration Acts
          596
          81
          Conservation of endangered and threatened species of fish, wildlife, and plants—cooperation with the States
          623
          82
          Administrative procedures for grants-in-aid (Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972)
          627
          83
          [Reserved]
          84
          National Coastal Wetlands Conservation Grant Program
          631
          85
          Clean Vessel Act Grant Program
          646
          86
          Boating Infrastructure Grant Program
          655

          SUBCHAPTER G—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

          90
          Feeding depredating migratory waterfowl
          678
          91
          Migratory bird hunting and conservation stamp contest
          680
          92
          Migratory bird subsistence harvest in Alaska
          685

          SUBCHAPTER H—NATIONAL WILDLIFE MONUMENTS

          96-99
          [Reserved]
          100
          Subsistence management regulations for public lands in Alaska
          699
          101-199
          [Reserved]

        SUBCHAPTER B—TAKING, POSSESSION, TRANSPORTATION, SALE, PURCHASE, BARTER, EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED)

          Pt. 18
          PART 18—MARINE MAMMALS

              Subpart A—Introduction
              Sec.
              18.1
              Purpose of regulations.
              18.2
              Scope of regulations.
              18.3
              Definitions.
              18.4
              Information collection requirements.

              Subpart B—Prohibitions
              18.11
              Prohibited taking.
              18.12
              Prohibited importation.
              18.13
              Prohibited uses, possession, transportation, and sales.
              18.14
              Marine mammals taken before the Act.

              Subpart C—General Exceptions
              18.21
              Actions permitted by international treaty, convention, or agreement.
              18.22
              Taking by Federal, State or local government officials.
              18.23
              Native exemptions.
              18.24
              Taking incidental to commercial fishing operations.
              18.25
              Exempted marine mammals or marine mammals products.
              18.26
              Collection of certain dead marine mammal parts.
              18.27
              Regulations governing small takes of marine mammals incidental to specified activities.

              Subpart D—Special Exceptions
              18.30
              Polar bear sport-hunted trophy import permits.
              18.31
              Scientific research permits and public display permits.
              18.32
              Waiver of the moratorium.
              18.33
              Procedures for issuance of permits and modification, suspension, or revocation thereof.
              18.34
              Guidelines for use in safely deterring polar bears.

              Subpart E—Depleted Species or Stocks [Reserved]

              Subpart F—Transfer of Management Authority to States [Note]

              Subpart G—Notice and Hearing on Section 103 Regulations
              18.70
              Basis and purpose.
              18.71
              Definitions.
              18.72
              Scope of regulations.
              18.73
              Burden of proof.
              18.74
              Notice of hearing.
              18.75
              Notification by interested persons.
              18.76
              Presiding officer.
              18.77
              Direct testimony submitted as written documents.
              18.78
              Mailing address.
              18.79
              Inspection and copying of documents.
              18.80
              Ex parte communications.
              18.81
              Prehearing conference.
              18.82
              Prehearing order.
              18.83
              Determination to cancel the hearing.
              18.84
              Rebuttal testimony and new issues of fact in prehearing order.
              18.85
              Waiver of right to participate.
              18.86
              Conduct of the hearing.
              18.87
              Direct testimony.
              18.88
              Cross-examination.
              18.89
              Oral and written arguments.
              18.90
              Recommended decision, certification of the transcript and submission of comments on the recommended decision.
              18.91
              Director's decision.

              Subpart H—Waiver of Moratorium on Taking and Importation of Individual Marine Mammal Species
              18.92
              Purpose of regulations.
              18.93
              Scope of regulations.
              18.94
              Pacific walrus (Alaska).

              Subpart I [Reserved]

              Subpart J—Nonlethal Taking of Marine Mammals Incidental to Oil and Gas Exploration, Development, Production and Other Substantially Similar Activities in the Beaufort Sea and Adjacent Northern Coast of Alaska
              18.121
              Specified activities covered by this subpart.
              18.122
              Specified geographic region where this subpart applies.
              18.123
              Dates this subpart is in effect.
              18.124
              Procedure to obtain a Letter of Authorization (LOA).
              18.125
              How the Service will evaluate a request for a Letter of Authorization (LOA).
              18.126
              Authorized take allowed under a Letter of Authorization (LOA)
              18.127
              Prohibited take under a Letter of Authorization (LOA).
              18.128

              Mitigation, monitoring, and reporting requirements.

              18.129
              Information collection requirements.

              Subpart K—Nonlethal Taking of Marine Mammals Incidental to Oil and Gas Activities in Cook Inlet, Alaska
              18.130
              Specified activities covered by this subpart.
              18.131
              Specified geographic region where this subpart applies.
              18.132
              Dates this subpart is in effect.
              18.133
              Authorized take allowed under a Letter of Authorization (LOA).
              18.134
              Procedure to obtain a Letter of Authorization (LOA).
              18.135
              How the Service will evaluate a request for a Letter of Authorization (LOA).
              18.136
              Prohibited take under a Letter of Authorization (LOA).
              18.137
              Mitigation.
              18.138
              Monitoring.
              18.139
              Reporting requirements.
              18.140
              Measures to reduce impacts to subsistence users.
              18.141
              Information collection requirements.

            Authority:
            16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.

            Source:
            39 FR 7262, Feb. 25, 1974, unless otherwise noted.

            Subpart A—Introduction

              § 18.1
              Purpose of regulations.
              The regulations contained in this part implement the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361-1407), which among other things, restricts the taking, possession, transportation, selling, offering for sale, and importing of marine mammals.

              § 18.2
              Scope of regulations.
              (a) This part 18 applies solely to marine mammals and marine mammal products as defined in § 18.3. For regulations under the Act with respect to cetacea (whales and porpoises), pinnipedia, other than walrus (seals and sea lions), see 50 CFR part 216.
              (b) The provisions in this part are in addition to, and are not in lieu of, other regulations of this subchapter B which may require a permit or prescribe additional restrictions or conditions for the importation, exportation, and interstate transportation of wildlife. (See also part 13 of this subchapter.)

              § 18.3
              Definitions.
              In addition to definitions contained in section 3 of the Act and in part 10 of this subchapter, and unless the context requires otherwise, in this part 18:

                Act means the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, 86 Stat. 1027, 16 U.S.C. 1361-1407; Pub. L. 92-522.

                Alaskan Native means a person defined in the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. section 1603(b) (85 Stat. 588)) as a citizen of the United States who is of one-fourth degree or more Alaska Indian (including Tsimshian Indians enrolled or not enrolled in the Metlaktla Indian Community), Eskimo, or Aleut blood, or combination thereof. The term includes any Native, as so defined, either or both of whose adoptive parents are not Natives. It also includes, in the absence of proof of a minimum blood quantum, any citizen of the United States who is regarded as an Alaska Native by the Native village or town of which he claims to be a member and whose father or mother is (or, if deceased, was) regarded as Native by any Native village or Native town. Any citizen enrolled by the Secretary pursuant to section 5 of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act shall be conclusively presumed to be an Alaskan Native for purposes of this part.

                Authentic native articles of handicrafts and clothing means items made by an Indian, Aleut, or Eskimo that (a) are composed wholly or in some significant respect of natural materials and (b) are significantly altered from their natural form and are produced, decorated, or fashioned in the exercise of traditional native handicrafts without the use of pantographs, multiple carvers, or similar mass-copying devices. Improved methods of production utilizing modern implements such as sewing machines or modern techniques at a tannery registered pursuant to § 18.23(c) may be used so long as no large-scale mass-production industry results. Traditional native handicrafts include, but are not limited to, weaving, carving, stitching, sewing, lacing, beading, drawing, and painting. The formation of traditional native groups, such as cooperatives, is permitted so long as no large-scale mass production results.

                Commercial fishing operation means the lawful harvesting of fish from the marine environment for profit as part of an on-going business enterprise. Such term shall not include sport fishing activities whether or not carried out by charter boat or otherwise, and whether or not the fish so caught are subsequently sold.

                Endangered species means a species of marine mammal listed as “endangered” pursuant to the Endangered Species Act of 1973, 87 Stat. 884, Pub. L. 93-205 (see part 17 of this subchapter).

                Incidental catch means the taking of a marine mammal (a) because it is directly interfering with commercial fishing operations, or (b) as a consequence of the steps used to secure the fish in connection with commercial fishing operations: Provided, however, That a marine mammal so taken must immediately be returned to the sea with a minimum of injury; and Provided, further, That the taking of a marine mammal which otherwise meets the requirements of this definition shall not be considered as incidental catch of that mammal if it is used subsequently to assist in commercial fishing operations.

                Marine mammal means any specimen of the following species, whether alive or dead, and any part thereof, including but not limited to, any raw, dressed, or dyed fur or skin:

                  Scientific name
                  Common name
                  Date listed

                    Ursus maritimus

                  Polar bear
                  Dec. 21, 1972.

                    Enhydra lutris

                  Sea otter
                    Do.

                    Odobenus rosmarus

                  Walrus
                    Do.

                    Dugong dugon

                  Dugong
                    Do.

                    Trichechus manatus

                  West Indian manatee
                    Do.

                    Trichechus inunguis

                  Amazonian manatee
                    Do.

                    Trichechus senegalensis

                  West African manatee
                    Do.

                    Lutra felina

                  Marine otter
                  Mar. 29, 1978.

                  Note: Common names given may be at variance with local usage.

                Native village or town means any community, association, tribe, band, clan, or group.

                Pregnant means pregnant near term.

                Subsistence means the use by Alaskan Natives of marine mammals taken by Alaskan Natives for food, clothing, shelter, heating, transportation, and other uses necessary to maintain the life of the taker or for those who depend upon the taker to provide them with such subsistence.

                Take means to harass, hunt, capture, collect, or kill, or attempt to harass, hunt, capture, collect, or kill any marine mammal, including, without limitation, any of the following: The collection of dead animals or parts thereof; the restraint or detention of a marine mammal, no matter how temporary; tagging a marine mammal; or the negligent or intentional operation of an aircraft or vessel, or the doing of any other negligent or intentional act which results in the disturbing or molesting of a marine mammal.

                Threatened species means a species of marine mammal listed as “threatened” pursuant to the Endangered Species Act of 1973, 87 Stat. 884, Pub. L. 93-205.

                Wasteful manner means any taking or method of taking which is likely to result in the killing or injuring of marine mammals beyond those needed for subsistence purposes or for the making of authentic native articles of handicrafts and clothing or which results in the waste of a substantial portion of the marine mammal and includes without limitation the employment of a method of taking which is not likely to assure the capture or killing of a marine mammal, or which is not immediately followed by a reasonable effort to retrieve the marine mammal.
              [39 FR 7262, Feb. 25, 1974, as amended at 43 FR 13066, Mar. 29, 1978; 55 FR 14978, Apr. 20, 1990; 70 FR 48323, Aug. 17, 2005]

              § 18.4
              Information collection requirements.

              (a) The Office of Management and Budget under 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. has approved the information collection requirements contained in Subpart D and assigned clearance number 1018-0022. The Service is collecting this information to review and evaluate permit applications and make decisions according to criteria established in various Federal wildlife conservation statutes and regulations, on the issuance or denial of permits. The applicant must respond to obtain or retain a permit.

              (b) The Service estimated the public reporting burden for this collection of information to vary from 15 minutes to 4 hours per response, with an average of 1.028 hours per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to the Service's Information Collection Clearance Officer at the address provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b).
              [62 FR 7329, Feb. 18, 1997, as amended at 79 FR 43965, July 29, 2014]

            Subpart B—Prohibitions

              § 18.11
              Prohibited taking.
              Except as otherwise provided in subpart C, D, or H of this part 18, or part 403, it is unlawful for:
              (a) Any person, vessel, or conveyance subject to the jurisdiction of the United States to take any marine mammal on the high seas, or
              (b) Any person, vessel, or conveyance to take any marine mammal in waters or on lands under the jurisdiction of the United States.
              [39 FR 7262, Feb. 25, 1974, as amended at 51 FR 17981, May 16, 1986]

              § 18.12
              Prohibited importation.
              (a) Except as otherwise provided in subparts C and D of this part 18, it is unlawful for any person to import any marine mammal or marine mammal product into the United States.
              (b) Regardless of whether an importation is otherwise authorized pursuant to subparts C and D of this part 18, it is unlawful for any person to import into the United States any:
              (1) Marine mammal: (i) Taken in violation of the Act, or
              (ii) Taken in another country in violation of the laws of that country;
              (2) Any marine mammal product if: (i) The importation into the United States of the marine mammal from which such product is made would be unlawful under paragraph (b)(1) of this section, or
              (ii) The sale in commerce of such product in the country of origin of the product is illegal.
              (c) Except in accordance with an exception referred to in subpart C and §§ 18.31 and 18.32 of this part, it is unlawful to import into the United States any:
              (1) Marine mammal which was pregnant at the time of taking;
              (2) Marine mammal which was nursing at the time of taking, or less than 8 months old, whichever occurs later;
              (3) Specimen of an endangered or threatened species of marine mammals;
              (4) Specimen taken from a depleted species or stock of marine mammals; or
              (5) Marine mammal taken in an inhumane manner.
              (d) It is unlawful to import into the United States any fish, whether fresh, frozen, or otherwise prepared, if such fish was caught in a manner proscribed by the Secretary of Commerce for persons subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, whether or not any marine mammals were in fact taken incident to the catching of the fish.

              § 18.13
              Prohibited uses, possession, transportation, and sales.
              Except as otherwise provided in the Act or these regulations, it is unlawful for:
              (a) Any person to use any port, harbor, or other place under the jurisdiction of the United States for any purpose in any way connected with a prohibited taking or any unlawful importation of any marine mammal or marine mammal products;
              (b) Any person to possess any marine mammal, or product therefrom, taken in violation of the Act or these regulations;
              (c) Any person to transport, purchase, sell, or offer to purchase or sell any marine mammal or marine mammal product; or
              (d) Any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States to use in a commercial fishery, any means or method of fishing in contravention of regulations and limitations issued by the Secretary of Commerce for that fishery to achieve the purposes of this Act.
              [39 FR 7262, Feb. 25, 1974, as amended at 51 FR 17981, May 16, 1986]

              § 18.14
              Marine mammals taken before the Act.
              (a) Section 102(e) of the Act provides in effect that the Act shall not apply to any marine mammal taken prior to December 21, 1972, or to any marine mammal product consisting of, or composed in whole or in part of, any marine mammal taken before such date. Such status may be established by submitting to the Director prior to, or at the time of importation, an affidavit containing the following:
              (1) The Affiant's name and address;
              (2) Identification of the Affiant;
              (3) A description of the marine mammals or marine mammal products which the Affiant desires to import;
              (4) A statement by the Affiant that to the best of his knowledge and belief, the marine mammals involved in the application were taken prior to December 21, 1972;

              (5) A statement by the Affiant in the following language:

                The foregoing is principally based on the attached exhibits which, to the best of my knowledge and belief, are complete, true and correct. I understand that this affidavit is being submitted for the purpose of inducing the Federal Government to permit the importation of _____ under the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361-1407) and regulations promulgated thereunder, and that any false statements may subject me to the criminal penalties of 18 U.S.C. 1001.

              (b) Either one of two exhibits shall be attached to such affidavit, and will contain either:
              (1) Records or other available evidence showing that the product consists of or is composed in whole or in part of marine mammals taken prior to December 21, 1972. Such records or other evidentiary material must include information on how, when, where, and by whom the animals were taken, what processing has taken place since taking, and the date and location of such processing; or
              (2) A statement from a government agency of the country of origin exercising jurisdiction over marine mammals that any and all such mammals from which the products sought to be imported were derived were taken prior to December 21, 1972.
              (c) Service agents, or Customs officers, may refuse to clear marine mammals or marine mammal products for importation into the United States, pursuant to § 14.53 of this subchapter, until the importer can demonstrate, by production of the affidavit referred in above or otherwise, that section 102(e) of the Act applies to all affected items.
              (d) This section has no application to any marine mammal or marine mammal product intended to be imported pursuant to § 18.21, § 18.31 or § 18.32 of this part.
              [39 FR 7262, Feb. 25, 1974, as amended at 51 FR 17981, May 16, 1986]

            Subpart C—General Exceptions

              § 18.21
              Actions permitted by international treaty, convention, or agreement.
              The Act and these regulations shall not apply to the extent that they are inconsistent with the provisions of any international treaty, convention or agreement, or any statute implementing the same, relating to the taking or importation of marine mammals or marine mammal products, which was existent and in force prior to December 21, 1972, and to which the United States was a party. Specifically, the regulations in subpart B of this part and the provisions of the Act shall not apply to activities carried out pursuant to the Interim Convention on the Conservation of North Pacific Fur Seals signed in Washington on February 9, 1957, and the Fur Seal Act of 1966, 16 U.S.C. 1151-1187, as, in each case, from time to time amended.

              § 18.22
              Taking by Federal, State or local government officials.
              (a) A Federal, State or local government official or employee may take a marine mammal in the course of his duties as an official or employee and no permit shall be required, if such taking:
              (1) Is accomplished in a humane manner;
              (2) Is for the protection or welfare of such mammal or from the protection of the public health or welfare; and

              (3) Includes steps designed to insure return of such mammal, if not killed in the course of such taking, to its natural habitat. In addition, any such official or employee may, incidental to such taking, possess and transport, but not sell or offer for sale, such mammal and use any port, harbor or other place under the jurisdiction of the United States. All steps reasonably practicable under the circumstances shall be taken by any such employee or official to prevent injury or death to the marine mammal as the result of such taking.
              (b) Each taking permitted under this section should be included in a written report, to be submitted to the Director every six months, beginning December 31, 1973. Unless otherwise permitted by the Director, the report shall contain a description of:
              (1) The animal involved;
              (2) The circumstances requiring the taking;
              (3) The method of taking;
              (4) The name and official position of the State official or employee involved;
              (5) The disposition of the animal, including in cases where the animal has been retained in captivity, a description of the place and means of confinement and the measures taken for its maintenance and care; and
              (6) Such other information as the Director may require.
              The reports shall be mailed to the Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC 20240.
              [39 FR 7262, Feb. 25, 1974, as amended at 51 FR 17981, May 16, 1986]

              § 18.23
              Native exemptions.
              (a) Taking. Except as otherwise provided in part 403 of this title, any Indian, Aleut, or Eskimo who resides in Alaska and who dwells on the coast of the North Pacific Ocean or the Arctic Ocean may take any marine mammal without a permit, subject to the restrictions contained in this section, if such taking is:
              (1) For subsistence purposes, or
              (2) For purposes of creating and selling authentic native articles of handicraft and clothing, and
              (3) In each case, not accomplished in a wasteful manner.
              (b) Restrictions. (1) “Except for a transfer to a duly authorized representative of the Regional Director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for scientific research purposes, no marine mammal taken for subsistence may be sold or otherwise transferred to any person other than an Alaskan Native or delivered, carried, transported, or shipped in interstate or foreign commerce, unless:
              (i) It is being sent by an Alaskan Native directly or through a registered agent to a tannery registered under paragraph (c) of this section for the purpose of processing, and will be returned directly or through a registered agent to the Alaskan Native; or
              (ii) It is sold or transferred to a registered agent in Alaska for resale or transfer to an Alaskan Native; or
              (iii) It is an edible portion and it is sold in an Alaskan Native village or town.
              (2) “Except for a transfer to a duly authorized representative of the Regional Director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for scientific research purposes, no marine mammal taken for purposes of creating and selling authentic Native articles of handicraft and clothing may be sold or otherwise transferred to any person other than an Indian, Aleut or Eskimo, or delivered, carried, transported or shipped in interstate or foreign commerce, unless:
              (i) It is being sent by an Indian, Aleut or Eskimo directly or through a registered agent to a tannery registered under paragraph (c) of this section for the purpose of processing, and will be returned directly or through a registered agent to the Indian, Aleut or Eskimo; or
              (ii) It is sold or transferred to a registered agent for resale or transfer to an Indian, Aleut, or Eskimo; or
              (iii) It has been first transformed into an authentic Native article of handicraft or clothing; or
              (iv) It is an edible portion and it is sold (A) in an Alaskan Native village or town or (B) to an Alaskan Native for his consumption.

              (c) The restriction in paragraph (b) shall not apply to parts or products of the Pacific walrus (Odobenis rosmarus) to the extent that the waiver of the moratorium and the approved State/Federal regulations relating to the taking and importation of walrus permits the delivery, sale, transportation or shipment of parts or products of the Pacific walrus in interstate or foreign commerce.
              (d) Any tannery, or person who wishes to act as an agent, within the jurisdiction of the United States may apply to the Director for registration as a tannery or an agent which may possess and process marine mammal products for Indians, Aleuts, or Eskimos. The application shall include the following information:
              (1) The name and address of the applicant;
              (2) A description of the applicant's procedures for receiving, storing, processing, and shipping materials;
              (3) A proposal for a system of bookkeeping and/or inventory segregation by which the applicant could maintain accurate records of marine mammals received from Indians, Aleuts, or Eskimos, pursuant to this section;
              (4) Such other information as the Director may request;
              (5) A certification in the following language:

                I hereby certify that the foregoing information is complete, true, and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. I understand that this information is submitted for the purpose of obtaining the benefit of an exception under the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361-1407) and regulations promulgated thereunder, and that any false statement may subject me to the criminal penalties of 18 U.S.C. 1001.

              (6) The signature of the applicant.
              The sufficiency of the application shall be determined by the Director, and in that connection, he may waive any requirement for information, or require any elaboration or further information deemed necessary. The registration of a tannery or other agent shall be subject to the conditions as the Director prescribes, which may include, but are not limited to provisions regarding records, inventory segregation, reports, and inspection. The Director may charge a reasonable fee for such applications, including an appropriate apportionment of overhead and administrative expenses of the Department of Interior.
              (e) Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this section, whenever, under the Act, the Secretary determines any species or stock of marine mammals to be depleted, he may prescribe regulations pursuant to section 103 of the Act upon the taking of such marine mammals by any Indian, Aleut, or Eskimo and, after promulgation of such regulations, all takings of such marine mammals by such person shall conform to such regulations.
              (f) Marking, tagging, and reporting. (1) In addition to definitions contained in the Act, 50 CFR 18.3, and 50 CFR 18.27, in this paragraph (f):
              (i) The term “marking and tagging” of marine mammals as specified in section 109(i) of the Act refers to the actual physical attachment of an approved band or other such marking device or technique to the raw or unhandicrafted (including unmarked tanned skins) skin and skull of polar bears, the tusks of walruses, and the skin and skull of sea otters; and
              (ii) The term “reporting” means the collection by Service personnel or the Service's authorized local representatives of biological data, harvest data, and other information regarding the effect of taking of marine mammals on populations, the collection of which the Service determines to be necessary for management purposes. Reporting will be done on forms provided by the Service upon presentation for marking, tagging, and reporting purposes of the marine mammal(s) or specified raw or unhandicrafted parts thereof.
              (2) Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this section, but subject to the provisions and conditions contained in this paragraph, no polar bear, walrus, or sea otter, or any parts thereof, taken or collected by an Alaskan Native for subsistence purposes or for purposes of creating and selling authentic Native articles of handicrafts and clothing may be possessed, transported within, or exported from Alaska unless the animal(s), or specified parts thereof, have been reported to, and properly marked and tagged by, Service personnel or the Service's authorized local representative; except:

              (i) An Alaskan Native that harvested or participated in the harvest of a polar bear, sea otter, or walrus and who possesses the animal, or any parts thereof, may possess the unmarked, untagged, and unreported animal(s), or parts thereof, for a period of time not to exceed 30 days from the time of taking for the purpose of transporting the specified parts to Service personnel or the Service's local authorized representative for marking, tagging, and reporting;
              (ii) Alaskan Natives and registered agents/tanneries may possess the specified unmarked or untagged raw, unhandicrafted, or tanned parts thereof for a period of time not to exceed 180 days from the effective date of this rulemaking for the purpose of transporting to Service personnel or the Service's local authorized representative for marking and tagging if the specified parts thereof were taken or possessed between December 21, 1972, and the effective date of this regulation. There is no reporting requirement for marine mammals, or specified parts thereof, covered by this paragraph.
              (3) Those unmarked, untagged, and unreported specified parts of polar bear, walrus, and sea otter, that must be presented to Service personnel or an authorized Service representative for marking, tagging, and reporting are as follows:
              (i) Polar bear—skin and skull.
              (ii) Walrus—tusks.
              (iii) Sea otter—skin and skull.
              (4) The locations where Service personnel or the Service's authorized local representative will be available for marking, tagging, and reporting purposes will be announced annually by the Alaska Regional Director. Local persons authorized to act as representatives for marking, tagging, and reporting purposes in the absence of Service personnel will also be announced annually by the Alaska Regional Director.
              (5) Marks and tags will be attached or applied to the skins, skulls, and tusks of the marine mammal(s) in such a manner as to maximize their longevity and minimize their adverse effects to the appearance of the specified parts that might result due to hindering the tanning or handicrafting of skins, or the handicrafting of tusks or skulls. If the tag or mark comes off of the specified part the person in possession of the part shall have 30 days to present the part and broken tag or other marking device to the Service or the Service's authorized local representative for remarking or retagging purposes.
              (6) Marks and tags for skins, skulls, and tusks will be provided by the Service. They will be numbered for accountability and of such design, construction, and material so as to maximize their durability and longevity on the specified parts.
              (7) Data collected pursuant to this paragraph will be reported on forms provided by the Service and maintained in the Service's Regional Office, Anchorage, Alaska. The Service will summarize the data annually and make it publicly available. The data will also be included in the Service's annual report to Congress as set forth in section 103(f) of the Act.
              (8) All items of research (e.g., radio collars, satellite transmitters, tags, etc.) that were attached to animals taken by Alaskan Natives must be returned to Service personnel or an authorized Service representative at the time the animal, or specified unhandicrafted parts thereof, are presented for marking, tagging, and reporting. No penalty will be imposed under the Act for a violation of this paragraph. However, penalties may be sought by the Service under other applicable Federal laws governing the possession and use of Federal property.
              (9) Pursuant to this paragraph (f), the following specific conditions and provisions apply:
              (i) Marking, tagging, and reporting of polar bears or specified parts thereof.
              (A) The skin and skull of an animal must accompany each other when presented for marking, tagging, and reporting except that the skin and skull of an animal need not be presented together for marking and tagging purposes if taken between December 21, 1972, and the effective date of this regulation.

              (B) Except as provided in paragraph (f)(2)(ii) of this section, the following information must be reported by Alaskan Natives when presenting polar bears, or specified parts thereof, for marking and tagging: sex of animal, date of kill, and location of kill.

              (C) Both the skin and the skull will be marked and tagged and a rudimentary pre-molar tooth may be removed from the skull and retained by the Service. The skin must have the sex identifiers, such as vaginal orifice, teats, or penal sheath or baculum, either attached to, or accompanying the skin.
              (D) The skull must be skinned out and the skin may be frozen or unfrozen when presented for marking, tagging, and reporting. If the skin is frozen, the sex identifiers, such as vaginal orifice, teats, penal sheath or baculum, must be visible.
              (E) Marks and tags must remain affixed to the skin through the tanning process and until the skin has been severed into parts for crafting into handicrafts or for as long as is practical during the handicrafting process.
              (ii) Marking, tagging, and reporting of walrus or specified parts thereof.
              (A) The paired tusks of the animal(s) must, to the maximum extent practical, accompany each other when presented for marking, tagging, and reporting purposes, except that paired tusks need not be presented together for marking and tagging purposes if taken between December 21, 1972, and the effective date of this regulation.
              (B) Except as provided in paragraph (f)(2)(ii) of this section, the following information must be reported by Alaskan Natives when presenting walrus, or specified parts thereof, for marking and tagging: date of take, sex of animal, whether live-killed, floating-dead, or beach-found, and location of the take or location of animal if found floating and dead or beach-found.
              (C) Marks and/or tags must remain affixed to the tusks until they have been crafted into a handicraft or for as long as is practical during the handicrafting process.
              (iii) Marking, tagging, and reporting of sea otter or specified parts thereof.
              (A) The skin and skull of an animal must accompany each other when presented for marking, tagging, and reporting, except that the skin and skull of an animal need not be presented together if taken between December 21, 1972, and the effective date of this regulation.
              (B) Except as provided in paragraph (f)(2)(ii) of this section, the following information must be reported by Alaskan Natives when presenting sea otters, or specified parts thereof, for marking and tagging: date of kill, sex of animal, and location of kill.
              (C) Both the skin and skull will be marked and tagged and a rudimentary pre-molar tooth may be removed from the skull and retained by the Service. The skin must have the sex identifiers, such as vaginal orifice, teats, or penal sheath or baculum, either attached to, or accompanying the skin.
              (D) The skull must be skinned out and the skin may be frozen or unfrozen when presented for marking, tagging, and reporting. If the skin is frozen, the sex identifiers, such as vaginal orifice, teats, or penal sheath or baculum, must be visible.
              (E) Marks and tags must remain affixed to the skin through the tanning process and until the skin has been severed into parts for crafting into handicrafts or for as long as is practical during the handicrafting process.
              (10) No person may falsify any information required to be set forth on the reporting form when the marine mammal(s), or specified parts thereof, are presented as required by these regulations.
              (11) Possession by any person of marine mammal(s), or any parts thereof, in violation of the provisions and conditions of this § 18.23(f) is subject to punishment under the penalties provided for in section 105(a)(1) of the Act.

              (12) The information collection requirements contained in this § 18.23(f) have been approved by the Office of Management and Budget under 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. and assigned clearance number 1018-0066. The information is mandatory in order to have the marine mammal parts “marked and tagged,” and thereby made eligible for continued lawful possession. Non-response may result in the Service determining the wildlife to be illegally possessed and subject the individual to penalties under this title.
              [39 FR 7262, Feb. 25, 1974, as amended at 40 FR 59444, Dec. 24, 1975; 45 FR 54057, Aug. 14, 1980; 51 FR 17981, May 16, 1986; 53 FR 24283, June 28, 1988]

              § 18.24
              Taking incidental to commercial fishing operations.

              Persons may take marine mammals incidental to commercial fishing operations until October 21, 1974: Provided, That such taking is by means of equipment and techniques prescribed in regulations issued by the Secretary of Commerce. However, any marine mammal taken as an incidental catch may not be retained. It shall be the immediate goal that the incidental kill or incidental serious injury of marine mammals permitted in the course of commercial fishing operations be reduced to insignificant levels approaching a zero mortality and serious injury rate.

              § 18.25
              Exempted marine mammals or marine mammal products.
              (a) The provisions of the Act and these regulations shall not apply:
              (1) To any marine mammal taken before December 21, 1972, or
              (2) To any marine mammal product if the marine mammal portion of such product consists solely of a marine mammal taken before such date.

              (b) The prohibitions contained in § 18.12(c) (3) and (4) shall not apply to marine mammals or marine mammal products imported into the United States before the date on which notice is published in the Federal Register of the proposed rulemaking with respect to the designation of the species of stock concerned as depleted or endangered:
              (c) Section 18.12(b) shall not apply to articles imported into the United States before the effective date of the foreign law making the taking or sale, as the case may be, of such marine mammals or marine mammal products unlawful.

              § 18.26
              Collection of certain dead marine mammal parts.
              (a) Any bones, teeth or ivory of any dead marine mammal may be collected from a beach or from land within 1/4 of a mile of the ocean. The term “ocean” includes bays and estuaries.
              (b) Marine mammal parts so collected may be retained if registered within 30 days with an agent of the National Marine Fisheries Service, or an agent of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
              (c) Registration shall include (1) the name of the owner, (2) a description of the article to be registered and (3) the date and location of collection.
              (d) Title to any marine mammal parts collected under this section is not transferable, unless consented to in writing by the agent referred to in paragraph (b) of this section.
              [39 FR 7262, Feb. 25, 1974, as amended at 51 FR 17981, May 16, 1986]

              § 18.27
              Regulations governing small takes of marine mammals incidental to specified activities.
              (a) Purpose of regulations. The regulations in this section implement Section 101(a)(5) of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, as amended, 16 U.S.C. 1371(a)(5), which provides a mechanism for allowing, upon request, during periods of not more than five consecutive years each, the incidental, but not intentional, taking of small numbers of marine mammals by U.S. citizens who engage in a specified activity (other than commercial fishing) within a specified geographical region.
              (b) Scope of regulations. The taking of small numbers of marine mammals under section 101(a)(5) of the Marine Mammal Protection Act may be allowed only if the Director of the Fish and Wildlife Service (1) finds, based on the best scientific evidence available, that the total taking during the specified time period will have a negligible impact on the species or stock and will not have an unmitigable adverse impact on the availability of the species or stock for subsistence uses; (2) prescribes regulations setting forth permissible methods of taking and other means of effecting the least practicable adverse impact on the species and its habitat and on the availability of the species for subsistence uses, paying particular attention to rookeries, mating grounds, and areas of similar significance; and (3) prescribes regulations pertaining to the monitoring and reporting of such taking.

                Note:

                The information collection requirement contained in this § 18.27 has been approved by the Office of Management and Budget under 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. and assigned clearance No. 1018-0070. The information is being collected to describe the activity proposed and estimate the cumulative impacts of potential takings by all persons conducting the activity. The information will be used to evaluate the application and determine whether to issue Specific Regulations and, subsequently, Letters of Authorization. Response is required to obtain a benefit.
                The public reporting burden from this requirement is estimated to vary from 2 to 200 hours per response with an average of 10 hours per response including time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing applications for specific regulations and Letters of Authorization. Direct comments regarding the burden estimate or any other aspect of this requirement to the Service's Information Collection Clearance Officer at the address provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b).

              (c) Definitions. In addition to definitions contained in the Act and in 50 CFR 18.3 and unless the context otherwise requires, in this section:

                Citizens of the United States and U.S. citizens mean individual U.S. citizens or any corporation or similar entity if it is organized under the laws of the United States or any governmental unit defined in 16 U.S.C. 1362(13). U.S. Federal, State and local government agencies shall also constitute citizens of the United States for purposes of this section.

                Incidental, but not intentional, taking means takings which are infrequent, unavoidable, or accidental. It does not mean that the taking must be unexpected. (Complete definition of take is contained in 50 CFR 18.3.)

                Negligible impact is an impact resulting from the specified activity that cannot be reasonably expected to, and is not reasonably likely to, adversely affect the species or stock through effects on annual rates of recruitment or survival.

                Small numbers means a portion of a marine mammal species or stock whose taking would have a negligible impact on that species or stock.

                Specified activity means any activity, other than commercial fishing, which takes place in a specified geographical region and potentially involves the taking of small numbers of marine mammals. The specified activity and specified geographical region should be identified so that the anticipated effects on marine mammals will be substantially similar.

                Specified geographical region means an area within which a specified activity is conducted and which has similar biogeographic characteristics.

                Unmitigable adverse impact means an impact resulting from the specified activity (1) that is likely to reduce the availability of the species to a level insufficient for a harvest to meet subsistence needs by (i) causing the marine mammals to abandon or avoid hunting areas, (ii) directly displacing subsistence users, or (iii) placing physical barriers between the marine mammals and the subsistence hunters; and (2) that cannot be sufficiently mitigated by other measures to increase the availability of marine mammals to allow subsistence needs to be met.
              (d) Submission of requests. (1) In order for the Fish and Wildlife Service to consider allowing the taking by U.S citizens of small numbers of marine mammals incidental to a specified activity, a written request must be submitted to the Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior, Washington, DC 20240. Requests shall include the following information on the activity as a whole, which includes, but is not limited to, an assessment of total impacts by all persons conducting the activity:
              (i) A description of the specific activity or class of activities that can be expected to result in incidental taking of marine mammals;
              (ii) The dates and duration of such activity and the specific geographical region where it will occur;
              (iii) Based upon the best available scientific information;
              (A) An estimate of the species and numbers of marine mammals likely to be taken by age, sex, and reproductive conditions, and the type of taking (e.g., disturbance by sound, injury or death resulting from collision, etc.) and the number of times such taking is likely to occur;

              (B) A description of the status, distribution, and seasonal distribution (when applicable) of the affected species or stocks likely to be affected by such activities;

              (C) The anticipated impact of the activity upon the species or stocks;
              (D) The anticipated impact of the activity on the availability of the species or stocks for subsistence uses;
              (iv) The anticipated impact of the activity upon the habitat of the marine mammal populations and the likelihood of restoration of the affected habitat;
              (v) The anticipated impact of the loss or modification of the habitat on the marine mammal population involved;
              (vi) The availability and feasibility (economic and technological) of equipment, methods, and manner of conducting such activity or other means of effecting the least practicable adverse impact upon the affected species or stocks, their habitat, and, where relevant, on their availability for subsistence uses, paying particular attention to rookeries, mating grounds, and areas of similar significance. (The applicant and those conducting the specified activity and the affected subsistence users are encouraged to develop mutually agreeable mitigating measures that will meet the needs of subsistence users.);
              (vii) Suggested means of accomplishing the necessary monitoring and reporting which will result in increased knowledge of the species through an analysis of the level of taking or impacts and suggested means of minimizing burdens by coordinating such reporting requirements with other schemes already applicable to persons conducting such activity; and
              (viii) Suggested means of learning of, encouraging, and coordinating research opportunities, plans and activities relating to reducing such incidental taking from such specified activities, and evaluating its effects.

              (2) The Director shall determine the adequacy and completeness of a request, and if found to be adequate, will invite information, suggestions, and comments on the preliminary finding of negligible impact and on the proposed specific regulations through notice in the Federal Register, newspapers of general circulation, and appropriate electronic media in the coastal areas that may be affected by such activity. All information and suggestions will be considered by the Fish and Wildlife Service in developing final findings and effective specific regulations.
              (3) The Director shall evaluate each request to determine, based on the best available scientific evidence, whether the total taking will have a negligible impact on the species or stock and, where appropriate, will not have an unmitigable adverse impact on the availability of such species or stock for subsistence uses. If the Director finds that mitigating measures would render the impact of the specified activity negligible when it would not otherwise satisfy that requirement, the Director may make a finding of negligible impact subject to such mitigating measures being successfully implemented. Any preliminary findings of “negligible impact” and “no unmitigable adverse impact” shall be proposed for public comment along with the proposed specific regulations.

              (4) If the Director cannot make a finding that the total taking will have a negligible impact in the species or stock or will not have an unmitigable adverse impact on the availability of such species or stock for subsistence uses, the Director shall publish in the Federal Register the negative finding along with the basis for denying the request.
              (e) Specific regulations. (1) Specific regulations will be established for each allowed activity which set forth (i) permissible methods of taking, (ii) means of effecting the least practicable adverse impact on the species and its habitat and on the availability of the species for subsistence uses, and (iii) requirements for monitoring and reporting.
              (2) Regulations will be established based on the best available scientific information. As new information is developed, through monitoring, reporting, or research, the regulations may be modified, in whole or part, after notice and opportunity for public review.
              (f) Letters of Authorization. (1) A Letter of Authorization, which may be issued only to U.S. citizens, is required to conduct activities pursuant to any specific regulations established. Requests for Letters of Authorization shall be submitted to the Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior, Washington, DC 20240. The information to be submitted in a request may be obtained by writing the Director. Once specific regulations are effective, the Service will to the maximum extent possible, process subsequent applications for Letters of Authorization within 30 days after receipt of the application by the Service.
              (2) Issuance of a Letter of Authorization will be based on a determination that the level of taking will be consistent with the findings made for the total taking allowable under the specific regulations.

              (3) Notice of issuance of all Letters of Authorization will be published in the Federal Register within 30 days of issuance.
              (4) Letters of Authorization will specify the period of validity and any additional terms and conditions appropriate for the specific request.
              (5) Letters of Authorization shall be withdrawn or suspended, either on an individual or class basis, as appropriate, if, after notice and opportunity for public comment, the Director determines: (i) The regulations prescribed are not being substantially complied with, or (ii) the taking allowed is having, or may have, more than a negligible impact on the species or stock, or where relevant, an unmitigable adverse impact on the availability of the species or stock for subsistence uses.
              (6) The requirement for notice and opportunity for public review in paragraph (f)(5) of this section shall not apply if the Director determines that an emergency exists which poses a significant risk to the well-being of the species or stocks of marine mammals concerned.
              (7) A violation of any of the terms and conditions of a Letter of Authorization or of the specific regulations may subject the Holder and/or any individual who is operating under the authority of the Holder's Letter of Authorization to penalties provided in the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361-1407).
              [48 FR 31225, July 7, 1983, as amended at 54 FR 40348, Sept. 29, 1989; 55 FR 28765, July 13, 1990; 56 FR 27463, June 14, 1991; 79 FR 43965, July 29, 2014]

            Subpart D—Special Exceptions

              § 18.30
              Polar bear sport-hunted trophy import permits.
              (a) Application procedure. You, as the hunter or heir of the hunter's estate, must submit an application for a permit to import a trophy of a polar bear taken in Canada to the Division of Management Authority at the address provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b). You must use an official application (Form 3-200) provided by the Service and must include as an attachment all of the following additional information:
              (1) Certification that:
              (i) You or the deceased hunter took the polar bear as a personal sport-hunted trophy;
              (ii) You will use the trophy only for personal display purposes;
              (iii) The polar bear was not a pregnant female, a female with dependent nursing cub(s) or a nursing cub (such as in a family group), or a bear in a den or constructing a den when you took it; and
              (iv) For a polar bear taken after April 30, 1994, you made sure the gall bladder and its contents were destroyed;
              (2) Name and address of the person in the United States receiving the polar bear trophy if other than yourself;
              (3) For a polar bear received as an inheritance, documentation to show that you are the legal heir of the decedent who took the trophy;
              (4) Proof that you or the decedent legally harvested the polar bear in Canada as shown by one of the following:
              (i) A copy of the Northwest Territories (NWT) or Nunavut Territory hunting license and tag number;
              (ii) A copy of the Canadian CITES export permit that identifies the polar bear by hunting license and tag number;
              (iii) A copy of the NWT or Nunavut Territory export permit; or

              (iv) A certification from the Department of Resources, Wildlife, and Economic Development, Northwest Territories, or the Department of Sustainable Development, Nunavut Territory, that you or the decedent legally harvested the polar bear, giving the tag number, location (settlement and population), and season you or the decedent took the bear;
              (5) An itemized description of the polar bear parts you wish to import, including size and the sex of the polar bear;
              (6) The month and year the polar bear was sport hunted;
              (7) The location (nearest settlement or community) where the bear was sport hunted;
              (8) For a female bear or a bear of unknown sex that was taken before January 1, 1986, documentary evidence that the bear was not pregnant at the time of take, including, but not limited to, documentation, such as a hunting license or travel itinerary, that shows the bear was not taken in October, November, or December or that shows that the location of the hunt did not include an area that supported maternity dens; and
              (9) For a female bear, bear of unknown sex, or male bear that is less than 6 feet in length (from tip of nose to the base of the tail) that was taken prior to the 1996/97 NWT polar bear harvest season, available documentation to show that the bear was not nursing, including, but not limited to, documentation, such as a certification from the NWT, that the bear was not taken while part of a family group.
              (b) Definitions. In addition to the definitions in this paragraph, the definitions in 50 CFR 10.12, 18.3, and 23.3 apply to this section.
              (1) Sport-hunted trophy means a mount, rug or other display item composed of the hide, hair, skull, teeth, baculum, bones, and claws of the specimen which was taken by the applicant or decedent during a sport hunt for personal, noncommercial use and does not include any internal organ of the animal, including the gall bladder. Articles made from the specimen, such as finished or unfinished, worked, manufactured, or handicraft items for use as clothing, curio, ornamentation, jewelry, or as a utilitarian item are not considered trophy items.
              (2) Management agreement means a written agreement between parties that share management responsibilities for a polar bear population which describes what portion of the harvestable quota will be allocated to each party and other measures which may be taken for the conservation of the population, such as harvest seasons, sex ratio of the harvest, and protection of females and cubs.
              (c) Procedures for issuance of permits and modification, suspension or revocation of permits. We, the Service, shall suspend, modify or revoke permits issued under this section:
              (1) In accordance with regulations contained in § 18.33; and
              (2) If, in consultation with the appropriate authority in Canada, we determine that the sustainability of Canada's polar bear populations is being adversely affected or that sport hunting may be having a detrimental effect on maintaining polar bear populations throughout their range.
              (d) Issuance criteria. In deciding whether to issue an import permit for a sport-hunted trophy, we must determine in addition to the general criteria in part 13 of this subchapter whether:
              (1) You previously imported the specimen into the United States without a permit;
              (2) The specimen meets the definition of a sport-hunted trophy in paragraph (b) of this section;
              (3) You legally harvested the polar bear in Canada;
              (4) Canada has a monitored and enforced sport-hunting program consistent with the purposes of the 1973 International Agreement on the Conservation of Polar Bears;
              (5) Canada has a sport-hunting program, based on scientifically sound quotas, ensuring the maintenance of the affected population at a sustainable level; and
              (6) The export and subsequent import:
              (i) Are consistent with the provisions of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and other international agreements and conventions; and
              (ii) Are not likely to contribute to illegal trade in bear parts, including for bears taken after April 30, 1994, that the gall bladder and its contents were destroyed.
              (e) Additional permit conditions. Your permit to import a sport-hunted trophy of a polar bear taken in Canada is subject to the permit conditions outlined in § 18.31(d) and the following additional permit conditions:
              (1) You, the permittee, may not import internal organs of the polar bear, including the gall bladder;
              (2) After import you may not alter or use the trophy in a manner inconsistent with the definition of a sport-hunted polar bear trophy as given in § 18.30(b);
              (3) You may not import a sport-hunted trophy if the polar bear at the time you or the decedent took it was:
              (i) A nursing bear or a female with nursing young (i.e., part of a family group);
              (ii) A pregnant female; or
              (iii) A bear moving into a den or in a den;
              (4) You must present to Service personnel at the time of import a valid CITES document from the country of export or re-export;
              (5) You must comply with the following import procedures:
              (i) Import the sport-hunted trophy through a designated port for wildlife imports (see § 14.12 of this subchapter) during regular business hours, except for full mount trophies that have been granted an exception to designated port permit requirements under § 14.32 of this subchapter;
              (ii) Not send the trophy through the international mail; and
              (iii) Notify Service personnel at the port at least 48 hours before the import (see § 14.54 of this subchapter) and make arrangements for Service personnel to affix a tag in accordance with paragraph (e)(7) of this section prior to being cleared (see § 14.52 of this subchapter);
              (6) You must import all parts of a single trophy at the same time;
              (7) The following tagging/marking procedures apply:
              (i) Service personnel must affix a permanently locking tag that contains a unique serial number and the common name “polar bear” to the hide which must remain fixed indefinitely to the hide as proof of legal import; and
              (ii) Service personnel must permanently mark upon import the parts of the trophy other than the hide, such as the skull and bones, with the hide tag number; and
              (8) If the tag comes off the hide, you must within 30 days:
              (i) Contact the nearest Service office at a designated port or a Law Enforcement office as given in § 10.22 of this subchapter to schedule a time to present the trophy for retagging;
              (ii) Provide as proof that the trophy had been tagged and legally imported a copy of the:
              (A) Canceled CITES export permit or re-export certificate;
              (B) Canceled U.S. import permit issued under this section; or
              (C) Cleared wildlife declaration form (3-177); and
              (iii) Present either the broken tag, or if the tag was lost, a signed written explanation of how and when the tag was lost.
              (f) Duration of permits. The permit will be valid for no more than one year from the date of issuance.
              (g) Fees. (1) You must pay the standard permit processing fee as given in § 13.11(4) when filing an application.
              (2) You must pay the issuance fee of $1,000 when we notify you the application is approved. We cannot issue an import permit until you pay this fee. We will use the issuance fee to develop and implement cooperative research and management programs for the conservation of polar bears in Alaska and Russia under section 113(d) of the Marine Mammal Protection Act.
              (h) Scientific review. (1) We will undertake a scientific review of the impact of permits issued under this section on the polar bear populations in Canada within 2 years of March 20, 1997.
              (i) The review will provide an opportunity for public comment and include a response to the public comment in the final report; and
              (ii) We will not issue permits under this section if we determine, based upon scientific review, that the issuance of permits under this section is having a significant adverse impact on the polar bear populations in Canada; and

              (2) After the initial review, we may review whether the issuance of permits under this section is having a significant adverse impact on the polar bear populations in Canada annually in light of the best scientific information available. The review must be completed no later than January 31 in any year a review is undertaken.
              (i) Findings. Polar bear sport-hunted trophies may only be imported after issuance of an import permit, and in accordance with the following findings and conditions:
              (1) We have determined that the Northwest Territories and Nunavut Territory, Canada, have a monitored and enforced sport-hunting program that meets issuance criteria of paragraphs (d) (4) and (5) of this section for the following populations: Southern Beaufort Sea, Northern Beaufort Sea, Viscount Melville Sound (subject to the lifting of the moratorium in this population), Western Hudson Bay, M'Clintock Channel (only for polar bears lawfully taken on or before May 31, 2000), Lancaster Sound, and Norwegian Bay, and that:
              (i) For the Southern Beaufort Sea population, no bears are taken west of the equidistant line of the Beaufort Sea;
              (ii) For all populations, females with cubs, cubs, or polar bears moving into denning areas or already in dens are protected from taking by hunting activities; and
              (iii) For all populations, management agreements among all management entities with scientifically sound quotas are in place; and
              (2) Any sport-hunted trophy taken in the Northwest Territories, Canada, between December 21, 1972, and April 30, 1994, may be issued an import permit when:
              (i) From an approved population listed in paragraph (i)(1); and
              (ii) The issuance criteria of paragraph (d) (1), (2), (3), and (6) of this section are met.
              [62 FR 7329, Feb. 18, 1997, as amended at 64 FR 1539, Jan. 11, 1999; 66 FR 1907, Jan. 10, 2001; 66 FR 50851, Oct. 5, 2001; 79 FR 43965, July 29, 2014]

              § 18.31
              Scientific research permits and public display permits.
              The Director may, upon receipt of an application and in accordance with the issuance criteria of this section, issue a permit authorizing the taking and importation of marine mammals for scientific research purposes or for public display.
              (a) Application procedure. Applications for permits to take and import marine mammals for scientific research purposes or for public display shall be submitted to the Director. Each such application must contain the general information and certification required by § 13.12(a) of this subchapter plus the following additional information:
              (1) A statement of the purpose, date, location and manner of the taking or importation;

              (2) A description of the marine mammal or the marine mammal products to be taken or imported, including the species or subspecies involved; the population stock, when known, the number of specimens or products (or the weight thereof, where appropriate); and the anticipated age, size, sex, and condition (i.e., whether pregnant or nursing) of the animals involved;
              (3) If the marine mammal is to be taken and transported alive, a complete description of the manner of transportation, care and maintenance, including the type, size, and construction of the container or artificial environment; arrangements for feeding and sanitation; a statement of the applicant's qualifications and previous experience in caring for and handling captive marine mammals and a like statement as to the qualifications of any common carrier or agent to be employed to transport the animal; and a written certification of a licensed veterinarian knowledgeable in the field of marine mammals that he has personally reviewed the arrangements for transporting and maintaining the animals and that in his opinion they are adequate to provide for the well-being of the animal;

              (4) If the application is for a scientific research permit, a detailed description of the scientific research project or program in which the marine mammal or marine mammal product is to be used including a copy of the research proposal relating to such program or project and the names and addresses of the sponsor or cooperating institution and the scientists involved;

              (5) If the application is for a scientific research permit, and if the marine mammal proposed to be taken or imported is listed as an endangered or threatened species or has been designated by the Secretary as depleted, a detailed justification of the need for such a marine mammal, including a discussion of possible alternatives, whether or not under the control of the applicant; and
              (6) If the application is for a public display permit, a detailed description of the proposed use to which the marine mammal or marine mammal product is to be put, including the manner, location, and times of display, whether such display is for profit, an estimate of the numbers and types of persons who it is anticipated will benefit for such display, and whether and to what extent the display is connected with educational or scientific programs. There shall also be included a complete description of the enterprise seeking the display permit and its educational, and scientific qualifications, if any.
              (b) Review by Marine Mammal Commission. Upon receipt of an application the Director shall forward the application to the Marine Mammal Commission together with a request for the recommendations of the Commission and the Committee of Scientific Advisors on Marine Mammals. In order to comply with the time limits provided in these regulations, the Director shall request that such recommendation be submitted within 30 days of receipt of the application by the Commission. If the Commission or the Committee, as the case may be, does not respond within 30 days from the receipt of such application by the Commission, the Director shall advise the Commission in writing that failure to respond within 45 days from original receipt of the application (or such longer time as the Director may establish) shall be considered as a recommendation from the Commission and the Committee that the permit be issued. The Director may also consult with any other person, institution or agency concerning the application.
              (c) Issuance criteria. Permits applied for under this section shall be issued, suspended, modified and revoked pursuant to regulations contained in § 18.33. In determining whether to issue a scientific research permit, the Director shall consider whether the proposed taking or importation will be consistent with the policies and purposes of the Act; and whether the granting of the permit is required to further a bona fide and necessary or desirable scientific purpose, taking into account the benefits anticipated to be derived from the scientific research contemplated and the effect of the purposed taking or importation on the population stock and the marine ecosystem. In determining whether to issue a public display permit, the Director shall consider whether the proposed taking or importation will be consistent with the policies and purposes of the Act; whether a substantial public benefit will be gained from the display contemplated, taking into account the manner of the display and the anticipated audience on the one hand, and the effect of the proposed taking or importation on the population stocks of the marine mammal in question and the marine ecosystem on the other; and the applicant's qualifications for the proper care and maintenance of the marine mammal or the marine mammal product, and the adequacy of his facilities.
              (d) Additional permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set forth in part 13 of this subchapter B, permits issued under this section shall be subject to the following conditions:
              (1) Any permit issued under these regulations must be in the possession of the person to whom it is issued (or an agent of such person) during:
              (i) The time of the authorized taking or importation;
              (ii) The period of any transit of such person or agent which is incidental to such taking or importation; and
              (iii) Any other time while any marine mammal taken or imported under such permit is in the possession of such person or agent.

              (2) A duplicate copy of the issued permit must be physically attached to the container, package, enclosure, or other means of containment, in which the marine mammal is placed for purposes of storage, transit, supervision, or care.

              (e) Tenure of permits. The tenure of permits for scientific research or public display shall be designated on the face of the permit.

              § 18.32
              Waiver of the moratorium.
              See subpart F (Waiver of the moratorium; State laws and regulations) and subpart G (Notice and Hearing on section 103 Regulations) for procedures regarding waivers of the moratorium in those circumstances where a state provides an acceptable management program for a species or population stock within its jurisdiction.
              [40 FR 59442, Dec. 24, 1975]

              § 18.33
              Procedures for issuance of permits and modification, suspension, or revocation thereof.

              (a) Whenever application for a permit is received by the director which the director deems sufficient, he shall, as soon as practicable, publish a notice thereof in the Federal Register. Such notice shall set forth a summary of the information contained in such application. Any interested party may, within 30 days after the date of publication of such notice, submit to the director his written data or views with respect to the taking or importation proposed in such application and may request a hearing in connection with the action to be taken thereon.

              (b) If the request for a hearing is made within the 30-day period referred to in paragraph (a) of this section, or if the director determines that a hearing would otherwise be advisable, the director may, within 60 days after the date of publication of the notice referred to in paragraph (a) of this section, afford to such requesting party or parties an opportunity for a hearing. Such hearing shall also be open to participation by any interested members of the public. Notice of the date, time, and place of such hearing shall be published in the Federal Register not less than 15 days in advance of such hearing. Any interested person may appear in person or through representatives at the hearing and may submit any relevant material, data, views, comments, arguments, or exhibits. A summary record of the hearing shall be kept.

              (c) As soon as practicable but not later than 30 days after the close of the hearing (or if no hearing is held, as soon as practicable after the end of the 30 days succeeding publication of the notice referred to in paragraph (a) of this section the director shall issue or deny issuance of the permit. Notice of the decision of the director shall be published in the Federal Register within 10 days after the date of such issuance or denial. Such notice shall include the date of the issuance or denial and indicate where copies of the permit, if issued, may be obtained.
              (d) Any permit shall be subject to modification, suspension, or revocation by the director in whole or in part in accordance with these regulations and the terms of such permits. The permittee shall be given written notice by registered mail, return receipt requested, of any proposed modification, suspension, or revocation. Such notice shall specify:
              (1) The action proposed to be taken along with a summary of the reasons therefor;
              (2) In accordance with 5 U.S.C. 558, the steps which the permittee may take to demonstrate or achieve compliance with all lawful requirements; and
              (3) That the permittee is entitled to a hearing thereon if a written request for such a hearing is received by the Director within 10 days after receipt of the aforesaid notice or such other later date as may be specified in the notice to the permittee. The time and place of the hearing, if requested by the permittee, shall be determined by the director and a written notice thereof given to the permittee by registered mail, return receipt requested, not less than 15 days prior to the date of hearing specified. The director may, in his discretion, allow participation at the hearing by interested members of the public. The permittee and other parties participating may submit all relevant material, data, views, comments, arguments, and exhibits at the hearing. A summary record shall be kept of any such hearing.

              (e) The Director shall make a decision regarding the proposed modification, suspension, or revocation, as soon as practicable after the close of the hearing, or if no hearing is held, as soon as practicable after the close of the 10 day period during which a hearing could have been requested. Notice of the modification, suspension, or revocation shall be published in the Federal Register within 10 days from the date of the Director's decision. In no event shall the proposed action take effect until notice of the Director's decision is published in the Federal Register.

              § 18.34
              Guidelines for use in safely deterring polar bears.
              (a) These guidelines are intended for use in safely deterring polar bears in the wild. They provide acceptable types of deterrence actions that any person, or their employee, or their agent, can use to deter a polar bear from damaging private property; or that any person can use to deter a polar bear from endangering personal safety; or that a government employee can use to deter a polar bear from damaging public property, and not cause the serious injury or death of a polar bear. Anyone acting in such a manner and conducting activities that comply with the guidelines in this subpart does not need authorization under the MMPA to conduct such deterrence. Furthermore, actions consistent with these guidelines do not violate the take prohibitions of the MMPA or this part. A Federal, State or local government official or employee may take a polar bear in the course of his duties as an official or employee, as long as such taking is accomplished in accordance with § 18.22 of this part.
              (b) There are two types of deterrence measures that a person, or their employee, or their agent could follow to nonlethally deter a polar bear. Each type of measure includes a suite of appropriate actions that the public may use.
              (1) Passive deterrence measures. Passive deterrence measures are those that prevent polar bears from gaining access to property or people. These measures provide for human safety and do not increase the risk of serious injury or death of a polar bear. They include:
              (i) Rigid fencing. Rigid fencing and other fixed barriers such as gates and fence skirting can be used around buildings or areas to limit bears from accessing community or industrial sites and buildings. Fencing areas 5 acres (~2 ha) and smaller can be used to limit human-bear interactions. Industry standard chain-link fencing material can be used. Chain-link fencing can be placed around buildings on pilings as fence skirting to limit access of bears underneath the buildings.
              (ii) Bear exclusion cages. Bear exclusion cages provide a protective shelter for people in areas frequented by bears. Cages erected at building entry and exit points exclude polar bears from the immediate area and allow safe entry and exit for persons gaining access to, or leaving, a building should a polar bear be in the vicinity. Additionally, they provide an opportunity for people exiting a building to conduct a visual scan upon exit. Such a scan is especially important in areas where buildings are constructed above ground level due to permafrost because bears may be resting underneath. These cages can be used at homes or industrial facilities to deter bears as well. Cages can be used in remote areas where bear use is not known, and along bear travel corridors, e.g., within 0.5 mile from coastline, to deter bears from facilities. Cages must be no smaller than 4 ft (width) by 4 ft (length) by 8 ft (height). Bars must be no smaller than 1 inch wide. Distance between bars must be no more than 4 inches clear on stairways and landings or when otherwise attached to a habitable structure; they may be no more than 5 inches clear for use in cages not attached to any habitable structure. A 4-inch distance between the bars would be sufficient to prevent a bear from reaching through, while providing visible space between bars. The ceiling of the cage must be enclosed.
              (iii) Bear-resistant garbage containers. Bear-resistant garbage containers prevent bears from accessing garbage as a food source and limit polar bears from becoming food-conditioned or habituated to people and facilities. The absence of habituation further reduces the potential for bear-human interactions. Bear-resistant garbage cans and garbage bins are manufactured by various companies and in various sizes. Commercially designed residential bear-resistant containers (32-130 gallons) can be used. Two- to 6-cubic yard containers can be specifically designed by commercial vendors as bear-proof containers or have industry-standard lid locks to prohibit bear entry, depending on the need and location. For remote seasonal camps, garbage can be temporarily stored in steel drums secured with locking rings and a gasket, and removed from the site when transportation is available. Larger garbage containers, such as dumpsters or “roll-offs” (20 to 40 cubic yards), can limit bear-human interactions when the containers have bear-proof lids. Lids must be constructed of heavy steel tubing or similarly constructed with heavy expanded metal.
              (2) Preventive deterrence measures. Preventive deterrence measures are those that can dissuade a polar bear from initiating an interaction with property or people. These measures provide for safe human use and do not increase the risk of serious injury or death of a polar bear. These are:
              (i) Acoustic devices. Acoustic deterrent devices may be used to create an auditory disturbance causing polar bears to move away from the affected area. The reasonable use of loud noises, e.g., vehicle engines, automobile sirens or horns, and air-horns, where such auditory stimuli could startle a bear and disrupt its approach to property or people, is authorized. This authorization is limited to deterrent devices with a sound strength of no greater than 140 dB SPL to be deployed for no more than a 30-second continuous time interval. The use of commercially available air horns or other audible products used as perimeter alarms, which create sounds that fall below this upper limit, is acceptable.
              (ii) Vehicle or boat deterrence. Patrolling the periphery of a compound or encampment using a vehicle, such as a truck or all-terrain vehicle (e.g., a snowmobile or a four wheeler), and deterring, but not chasing, polar bears with engine noise, or by blocking their approach without making a physical contact with the animal, is an acceptable preventive deterrence. Similarly patrolling an area in a small boat using similar methods is acceptable.
              (c) The deterrence guidelines are passive or preventive in nature. Any action to deter polar bears that goes beyond these specific measures could result in a taking and, unless otherwise exempted under the MMPA, would require separate authorization. The Service acknowledges that there will be numerous new techniques developed, or new applications of existing techniques, for deterring bears. The Service will work to establish a system for evaluating new bear deterrence applications and techniques and will update this set of guidelines with examples of future approved methods. Deterrence actions (other than the measures described in these guidelines) that do not result in serious injury or death to a polar bear remain permissible for persons identified in section 101(a)(4)(A) of the MMPA. Prior to conducting activities beyond those specifically described in these guidelines, persons should contact the Service's Alaska Regional Office's Marine Mammal Program for further guidance (for the location of the Alaska Regional Office see 50 CFR 2.2(g)).
              [75 FR 61637, Oct. 6, 2010]

            Subpart E—Depleted Species or Stocks [Reserved]

            Subpart F—Transfer of Management Authority to States

              Note:
              Regulations governing the transfer of management authority to States pursuant to section 109 of the Marine Mammal Protection Act for marine mammal species under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Interior are found at part 403 of this title.

            [48 FR 22456, May 18, 1983]

            Subpart G—Notice and Hearing on Section 103 Regulations

              Source:
              41 FR 5396, Feb. 6, 1976, unless otherwise noted.

              § 18.70
              Basis and purpose.

              (a) Sections 101(a)(2), 101(a)(3)(A), and 101(b) of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1371(a)(2), 1371(a)(3)(A), and 1371(b)) and these regulations authorize the Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, to: (1) Impose regulations governing the taking of marine mammals incidental to commercial fishing operations; (2) waive the moratorium and adopt regulations with respect to the taking and importing of animals from each species of marine mammals under his jurisdiction; and (3) prescribe regulations governing the taking of depleted marine mammals by any Indian, Aleut or Eskimo, respectively. In prescribing regulations to carry out the provisions of said sections, the act refers the Director to section 103 (16 U.S.C. 1373). In accordance with section 103(d), regulations must be made on the record after opportunity for an agency hearing on such regulations and, in the case of a waiver, on the determination by the Director to waive the moratorium pursuant to section 101(a)(3)(A) (16 U.S.C. 1371(a)(3)(A)).
              (b) [Reserved]

              § 18.71
              Definitions.
              Definitions shall be the same as in subpart A of this part except as follows:
              (a) Party means for the purposes of this subpart:
              (1) The Director or his representative; or
              (2) A person who has notified the Director by specified dates of his or her intent to participate in the hearing pursuant to §§ 18.75 and 18.84(b).
              (b) Presiding officer means, for the purposes of this subpart, an administrative law judge of the Office of Hearings and Appeals appointed in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 3105.
              (c) Witness means, for the purposes of this subpart, any person who provides direct testimony on the proposed regulations and waiver. A person may be both a party and a witness.

              § 18.72
              Scope of regulations.
              The procedural regulations in this subpart govern the practice and procedure in hearings held under section 103(d) of the Act. These hearings will be governed by the provisions of sections 556 and 557 of the Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. 556 and 557). The regulations shall be construed to secure the just, speedy, and inexpensive determination of all issues raised with respect to any waiver and/or regulation proposed pursuant to section 103(d) of the act in a manner which gives full protection to the rights of all persons affected thereby.

              § 18.73
              Burden of proof.
              The proponents of the proposed regulations and waiver must demonstrate that any taking or importation of any marine mammal under such proposed regulations and waiver would be consistent with the act.

              § 18.74
              Notice of hearing.

              (a) A notice of hearing on any proposed regulations shall be published in the Federal Register, together with the Director's proposed determination to waive the moratorium pursuant to section 101(a)(3)(A) (16 U.S.C. 1371(a)(3)(A)), where applicable.
              (b) The notice shall state:
              (1) The nature of the hearing;
              (2) The place and date of the hearing. The date shall not be less than 60 days after publication of notice of the hearing;
              (3) The legal authority under which the hearing is to be held;
              (4) The proposed regulations and waiver, where applicable, and a summary of the statements required by section 103(d) of the Act (16 U.S.C. 1373(d));
              (5) Issues of fact which may be involved in the hearing;
              (6) If an Environmental Impact Statement is required, the date of publication of the Statement and the times and place(s) where the Statement and comments thereon may be viewed and copied;
              (7) Any written advice received from the Marine Mammal Commission;
              (8) The times and place(s) where records and submitted direct testimony will be kept for public inspection, along with appropriate references to any other documents;
              (9) The final date for filing with the Director a notice of intent to participate in the hearing pursuant to § 18.75;

              (10) The final date for submission of direct testimony on the proposed regulations and waiver, if applicable, and the number of copies required;

              (11) The docket number assigned to the case which shall be used in all subsequent proceedings; and
              (12) The place and date of the prehearing conference.

              § 18.75
              Notification by interested persons.
              Any person desiring to participate as a party shall notify the Director, by certified mail, on or before the date specified in the notice of hearing.

              § 18.76
              Presiding officer.
              (a) Upon publication of the notice of hearing pursuant to § 18.74, the Office of Hearings and Appeals shall appoint a presiding officer pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 3105. No individual who has any conflict of interest, financial or otherwise, shall serve as presiding officer in such proceeding.
              (b) The presiding officer, in any proceeding under this subpart, shall have power to:
              (1) Change the time and place of the hearing and adjourn the hearing;

              (2) Evaluate direct testimony submitted pursuant to these regulations, make a preliminary determination of the issues, conduct a prehearing conference to determine the issues for the hearing agenda, and cause to be published in the Federal Register a final hearing agenda;
              (3) Rule upon motions, requests and admissibility of direct testimony;
              (4) Administer oaths and affirmations, question witnesses and direct witnesses to testify;
              (5) Modify or waive any rule (after notice) when determining no party will be prejudiced;
              (6) Receive written comments and hear oral arguments;
              (7) Render a recommended decision; and
              (8) Do all acts and take all measures, including regulation of media coverage, for the maintenance of order at and the efficient conduct of the proceeding.
              (c) In case of the absence of the original presiding officer or his inability to act, the powers and duties to be performed by the original presiding officer under this part in connection with a proceeding may, without abatement of the proceeding, be assigned to any other presiding officer by the Office of Hearings and Appeals unless otherwise ordered by the Director.
              (d) The presiding officer shall withdraw from the proceeding upon his own motion or upon the filing of a motion by a party under § 18.76(e) if he deems himself disqualified under recognized canons of judicial ethics.
              (e) A presiding officer may be requested to withdraw at any time prior to the recommended decision. If there is filed by a party in good faith a timely and sufficient affidavit alleging the presiding officer's personal bias, malice, conflict of interest or other basis which might result in prejudice to a party, the hearing shall recess. The Director of the Office of Hearings and Appeals shall immediately determine the matter as a part of the record and decision in the proceeding, after making such investigation or holding such hearings, or both, as he may deem appropriate in the circumstances.

              § 18.77
              Direct testimony submitted as written documents.

              (a) Unless otherwise specified, all direct testimony, including accompanying exhibits, must be submitted to the presiding officer in writing no later than the dates specified in the notice of the hearing (§ 18.74), the prehearing order (§ 18.82), or within 15 days after the conclusion of the prehearing conference (§ 18.84) as the case may be. All direct testimony, referred to in the affidavit and made a part thereof, must be attached to the affidavit. Direct testimony submitted with exhibits must state the issue to which the exhibit relates; if no such statement is made, the presiding officer shall determine the relevance of the exhibit to the issues published in the Federal Register.

              (b) The direct testimony submitted shall contain:
              (1) A concise statement of the witness' interest in the proceeding and his position regarding the issues presented. If the direct testimony is presented by a witness who is not a party, the witness shall state his relationship to the party; and
              (2) Facts that are relevant and material.

              (c) The direct testimony may propose issues of fact not defined in the notice of the hearing and the reason(s) why such issues should be considered at the hearing.
              (d) Ten copies of all direct testimony must be submitted unless the notice of the hearing otherwise specifies.
              (e) Upon receipt, direct testimony shall be assigned a number and stamped with that number and the docket number.
              (f) Contemporaneous with the publication of the notice of hearing, the Director's direct testimony in support of the proposed regulations and waiver, where applicable, shall be available for public inspection as specified in the notice of hearing. The Director may submit additional direct testimony during the time periods allowed for submission of such testimony by witnesses.

              § 18.78
              Mailing address.
              Unless otherwise specified in the notice of hearing, all direct testimony shall be addressed to the Presiding Officer, c/o Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC 20240. All affidavits and exhibits shall be clearly marked with the docket number of the proceedings.

              § 18.79
              Inspection and copying of documents.
              Any document in a file pertaining to any hearing authorized by this subpart or any document forming part of the record of such a hearing may be inspected and/or copied in the Office of the Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC 20240, unless the file is in the care and custody of the presiding officer, in which case he shall notify the parties as to where and when the record may be inspected.

              § 18.80
              Ex parte communications.
              (a) After notice of a hearing is published in the Federal Register, all communications, whether oral or written, involving any substantive or procedural issue and directed either to the presiding officer or to the Director, Deputy Director or Marine Mammal Coordinator, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, without reference to these rules of procedure, shall be deemed ex parte communications and are not to be considered part of the record for decision.
              (b) A record of oral conversations shall be made by the above persons who are contacted. All communications shall be available for public viewing at times and place(s) specified in the notice of hearing.
              (c) The presiding officer shall not communicate with any party on any fact in issue or on the merits of the matter unless notice and opportunity is given for all parties to participate.

              § 18.81
              Prehearing conference.
              (a) After an examination of all the direct testimony submitted pursuant to § 18.77, the presiding officer shall make a preliminary determination of issues of fact which may be addressed at the hearing.
              (b) The presiding officer's preliminary determination shall be made available at the place or places provided in the notice of the hearing (§ 18.74(b)(8)) at least five days before the prehearing conference is held.
              (c) The purpose of the prehearing conference shall be to enable the presiding officer to determine, on the basis of the direct testimony submitted and prehearing discussions:
              (1) Whether the presiding officer's preliminary determination of issues of fact for the hearing has omitted any significant issues;
              (2) What facts are not in dispute;
              (3) Which witnesses may appear at the hearing; and
              (4) The nature of the interest of each party and which parties' interests are adverse.
              (d) Only parties may participate in the prehearing conference, and a party may appear in person or be represented by counsel.

              § 18.82
              Prehearing order.

              (a) After the prehearing conference, the presiding officer shall prepare a prehearing order which shall be published in the Federal Register within ten days after the conclusion of the conference. A copy of the prehearing order shall be mailed to all Parties.

              (b) The prehearing order shall list: (1) All the issues which the hearing shall address, the order in which those issues shall be presented, and the direct testimony submitted which bears on the issues; and (2) a final date for submission of direct testimony on issues of fact not included in the notice of hearing if such issues are presented. The prehearing order may also specify a final date for submission of direct testimony to rebut testimony previously submitted during the time specified in the notice of the hearing.
              (c) The presiding officer shall publish with the prehearing order a list of witnesses who may appear at the hearing, a list of parties, the nature of the interest of each party, and which parties interests are adverse on the issues presented.
              (d) All parties shall be bound by the prehearing order.

              § 18.83
              Determination to cancel the hearing.

              (a) If the presiding officer determines that no issues of material fact are presented by the direct testimony submitted prior to the date of the hearing, he may publish in the Federal Register such determination and that on issues of material fact a hearing shall not be held. The presiding officer may provide an opportunity for argument on any issues of law presented by the direct testimony.
              (b) Promptly after oral argument, if any, the presiding officer shall make a recommended decision based on the record, which in this case shall consist of the direct testimony and any oral argument presented. He shall transmit to the Director his recommended decision, the record and a certificate stating that the record contains all the written direct testimony. The Director shall then make a final decision in accordance with these regulations (§ 18.91).

              § 18.84
              Rebuttal testimony and new issues of fact in prehearing order.
              (a) Direct testimony to rebut testimony offered during the time period specified in the notice of hearing may be submitted pursuant to these regulations within fifteen days after the conclusion of the prehearing conference unless the presiding officer otherwise specifies in the prehearing order.
              (b) If the prehearing order presents issues not included in the notice of the hearing published pursuant to § 18.74:
              (1) Any person interested in participating at the hearing on such issues presented shall notify the Director by certified mail of an intent to participate not later than ten days after publication of the prehearing order. Such person may present direct testimony or cross-examine witnesses only on such issues presented unless he previously notified the Director pursuant to § 18.75; and
              (2) Additional written direct testimony concerning such issues may be submitted within the time provided in the prehearing order. Such direct testimony will comply with the requirements of § 18.77.

              § 18.85
              Waiver of right to participate.
              Any person who fails to notify the Director of his intent to participate pursuant to § 18.75 or § 18.84 shall be deemed to have waived his right to participate as a party.

              § 18.86
              Conduct of the hearing.

              (a) The hearing shall be held at the time and place fixed in the notice of hearing, unless the presiding officer changes the time or place. If a change occurs, the presiding officer shall publish the change in the Federal Register and shall expeditiously notify all parties by telephone or by mail. If the change in time or place of hearing is made less than five days before the date previously fixed for the hearing, the presiding officer shall also announce, or cause to be announced, the change at the time and place previously fixed for the hearing.

              (b) The presiding officer shall, at the commencement of the hearing, introduce into the record the notice of hearing as published in the Federal Register, all subsequent notices published in the Federal Register, the Environmental Impact Statement if it is required and the comments thereon and agency responses to the comments, and a list of all parties. Direct testimony shall then be received with respect to the matters specified in the prehearing order in such order as the presiding officer shall announce. With respect to direct testimony submitted as rebuttal testimony or in response to new issues presented by the prehearing conference, the presiding officer shall determine the relevancy of such testimony.
              (c) The hearing shall be publicly conducted and reported verbatim by an official reporter.
              (d) If a party objects to the admission or rejection of any direct testimony or to any other ruling of the presiding officer during the hearing, he shall state briefly the grounds of such objection, whereupon an automatic exception will follow if the objection is overruled by the presiding officer. The transcript shall not include argument or debate thereon except as ordered by the presiding officer. The ruling of the presiding officer on any objection shall be a part of the transcript and shall be subject to review at the same time and in the same manner as the Director's final decision. Only objections made before the presiding officer may subsequently be relied upon in the proceedings.
              (e) All motions and requests shall be addressed to, and ruled on by, the presiding officer if made prior to his certification of the transcript, or by the Director if made thereafter.

              § 18.87
              Direct testimony.
              (a) Only direct testimony submitted as provided in these regulations and introduced at the hearing by a witness shall be considered part of the record. Such direct testimony, when written, shall not be read into evidence but shall become a part of the record subject to exclusion of irrelevant and immaterial parts thereof.
              (b) The witness introducing direct testimony shall:
              (1) State his name, address and occupation;
              (2) State qualifications for introducing the direct testimony. If an expert, the witness shall briefly state the scientific or technical training which qualifies him as an expert;
              (3) Identify the direct testimony previously submitted in accordance with these regulations; and
              (4) Submit to appropriate cross- and direct-examination. Cross-examination shall be by a party whose interests are adverse on the issue presented to the witness if the witness is a party, or to the interests of the party who presented the witness.
              (c) A party shall be deemed to have waived the right to introduce direct-testimony if such party fails to present a witness to introduce the direct-testimony.
              (d) Official notice may be taken of such matters as are judicially noticed by the courts of the United States. Parties shall be given adequate notice, by the presiding officer, at the hearing, of matters so noticed and shall be given adequate opportunity to show that such facts are inaccurate or are erroneously noticed.

              § 18.88
              Cross-examination.
              (a) The presiding officer may:
              (1) Require the cross-examiner to outline the intended scope of the examination; and
              (2) Exclude cross-examination questions that are immaterial, irrelevant or unduly repetitious.
              (b) Any party shall be given an opportunity to appear, either in person or through an authorized counsel or representative, to cross-examine witnesses. Before cross-examining a witness, the party or counsel shall state his name, address and occupation. If counsel cross-examines the witness, counsel shall state for the record the authority to act as counsel. Cross-examiners shall be assumed to be familiar with the direct testimony.
              (c) Any party or party's counsel who fails to appear at the hearing to cross-examine an “adverse” witness shall be deemed to have waived the right to cross-examine that witness.
              (d) Scientific, technical or commercial publications may only be utilized for the limited purposes of impeaching witnesses under cross-examination unless previously submitted and introduced in accordance with these regulations.

              § 18.89
              Oral and written arguments.

              (a) The presiding officer may, in his discretion, provide for oral argument by parties at the end of the hearing. Such argument, when permitted, may be limited by the presiding officer to the extent necessary for the expeditious disposition of the proceeding.

              (b) The presiding officer shall announce at the hearing a reasonable period of time within which any party may file with the presiding officer proposed findings and conclusions and written arguments or briefs, which are based upon the record and citing where practicable the relevant page or pages of the transcript. If a party filing a brief desires the presiding officer to reconsider any objection made by such party to a ruling of the presiding officer, he shall specifically identify such rulings by reference to the pertinent pages of the transcript and shall state his arguments thereon as a part of the brief.
              (c) Oral or written arguments shall be limited to issues arising from direct testimony on the record.

              § 18.90
              Recommended decision, certification of the transcript and submission of comments on the recommended decision.
              (a) Promptly after expiration of the period for receiving written briefs, the presiding officer shall make a recommended decision based on the record and transmit the decision to the Director. The recommended decision shall include:
              (1) A statement containing a description of the history of the proceedings;
              (2) Findings on the issues of fact with the reasons therefor; and
              (3) Rulings on issues of law.
              (b) The presiding officer shall also transmit to the Director the transcript of the hearing, the original and all copies of the direct testimony, and written comments. The presiding officer shall attach to the original transcript of the hearing a certificate stating that to the best of his knowledge and belief the transcript is a true transcript of the testimony given at the hearing except in such particulars as are specified.

              (c) Upon receipt of the recommended decision, the Director shall send a copy thereof to each party by certified mail and shall publish in the Federal Register a notice of the receipt of the recommended decision by the Director. The notice shall include:
              (1) A summary of the recommended decision;
              (2) A statement that any interested person may file written comments on the recommended decision with the Director by a specified date;
              (3) The time(s) and place(s) where the record of the hearing transmitted to the Director pursuant to paragraph (b) of this section may be inspected by interested persons; and
              (4) The time(s) and place(s) where the recommended decision may be inspected and/or copied by interested persons.

              (d) Within thirty days after the notice of receipt of the recommended decision has been published in the Federal Register, any interested person may file with the Director any written comments on the recommended decision. All comments, including recommendations from or consultation with the Marine Mammal Commission, must be submitted during the thirty-day period to the Director at the above address.

              § 18.91
              Director's decision.
              (a) Upon receipt of the recommended decision and transcript and after the thirty-day period for receiving written comments on the recommended decision has passed, the Director shall make a final decision on the proposed regulations and waiver, where applicable. The Director's decision may affirm, modify, or set aside, in whole or in part, the recommended findings, conclusions and decision of the presiding officer. The Director may also remand the hearing record to the presiding officer for a fuller development of the record.
              (b) The Director's decision shall include:
              (1) A statement containing a description of the history of the proceeding;
              (2) Findings on the issues of fact with the reasons therefor;
              (3) Rulings on issues of law; and
              (4) Any other relevant information which the Director deems appropriate.

              (c) The Director's decision shall be published in the Federal Register. If the waiver is approved, the final adopted regulations shall be promulgated with the decision, or as soon thereafter as practicable.

            Subpart H—Waiver of Moratorium on Taking and Importation of Individual Marine Mammal Species

              Source:
              41 FR 14373, Apr. 5, 1976, unless otherwise noted.

              § 18.92
              Purpose of regulations.
              The regulations contained in this subpart fulfill the requirements of section 103 of the Act for regulations to govern the taking and importation of each species of marine mammal for which the moratorium imposed by section 101 has been waived.

              § 18.93
              Scope of regulations.
              (a) The provisions in this subpart apply only after (1) the Director has made a decision to waive a moratorium pursuant to section 101(a)(3)(A) of the Act, (2) the opportunity for a hearing required by section 103(d) of the Act has been provided, and (3) the Director has made a determination, in the case of State laws and regulations, to approve such State laws and regulations pursuant to section 109(a)(2) of the Act and subpart F of this part.
              (b) The provisions of this subpart, unless specifically stated, apply to all taking and/or importation of each species of marine mammal for which the moratorium has been waived other than takings for scientific research or public display, which are governed by § 18.31 of this part, or takings incidental to commercial fishing operations which are governed by § 18.24.

              § 18.94
              Pacific walrus (Alaska).

              (a) Pursuant to sections 101(a)(3)(A) 103, and 109 of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, the moratorium on the hunting and killing of Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) in waters or on lands subject to the jurisdiction of the State of Alaska, the United States, or on the high seas by any person, vessel, or conveyance subject to the jurisdiction of the State of Alaska or the United States, is waived, provided that beginning August 2, 1979 this waiver shall not be effective, and no taking or importation under the waiver shall be allowed, until this section is amended to establish regulations to effectively control taking and otherwise implement the waiver.
              (b) [Reserved]
              [41 FR 14373, Apr. 5, 1976, as amended at 44 FR 45566, Aug. 2, 1979]

            Subpart I [Reserved]

            Subpart J—Nonlethal Taking of Marine Mammals Incidental to Oil and Gas Exploration, Development, Production and Other Substantially Similar Activities in the Beaufort Sea and Adjacent Northern Coast of Alaska

              Source:
              81 FR 52316, Aug. 5, 2016, unless otherwise noted.

              Effective Date Note:
              At 81 FR 52316, Aug. 5, 2016, Subpart J was added, effective Aug. 5, 2016, through Aug. 5, 2021.

              § 18.121
              Specified activities covered by this subpart.
              Regulations in this subpart apply to the nonlethal incidental, but not intentional, take of small numbers of polar bear and Pacific walrus by U.S. citizens while engaged in oil and gas exploration, development, production, and/or other substantially similar activities in the Beaufort Sea and adjacent northern coast of Alaska. “U.S. citizens” is defined in 50 CFR 18.27(c). The term “small numbers” is also defined in 50 CFR 18.27(c), however, we do not rely on that definition here as it conflates “small numbers” with “negligible impacts.” Regulations in this subpart rely on a small numbers determination where we estimated the likely number of takes of polar bears and Pacific walruses during the specified activities, and evaluated if that take is small relative to the size of the population or stock.

              § 18.122
              Specified geographic region where this subpart applies.

              This subpart applies to the specified geographic region that encompasses all Beaufort Sea waters east of a north-south line through Point Barrow, Alaska (71°23′29″ N., −156°28′30″ W., BGN 1944), and approximately 322 kilometers (km) (~200 miles (mi)) north of Point Barrow, including all Alaska State waters and Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) waters, and east of that line to the Canadian border.
              (a) The offshore boundary of the Beaufort Sea incidental take regulations (ITR) region will match the boundary of the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Beaufort Sea Planning area, approximately 322 km (~200 mi) offshore. The onshore region is the same north/south line at Barrow, 40.2 km (25 mi) inland and east to the Canning River.
              (b) The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is not included in the Beaufort Sea ITR region. Figure 1 shows the area where this subpart applies.

                ER05AU16.037

              § 18.123
              Dates this subpart is in effect.
              Regulations in this subpart are effective from August 5, 2016, through August 5, 2021, for year-round oil and gas exploration, development, production and other substantially similar activities.

              § 18.124
              Procedure to obtain a Letter of Authorization (LOA).
              (a) An applicant must be a U.S. citizen as defined in § 18.27(c).

              (b) If an applicant proposes to conduct oil and gas industry exploration, development, production, and/or other substantially similar activity in the Beaufort Sea ITR region described in § 18.122 that may cause the taking of Pacific walruses and/or polar bears and wants nonlethal incidental take authorization under the regulations in this subpart J, the applicant must apply for an LOA. The applicant must submit the request for authorization to the Service's Alaska Region Marine Mammals Management Office (see § 2.2 for address) at least 90 days prior to the start of the activity.

              (c) The request for an LOA must include the following information and must comply with the requirements set forth in § 18.128:

              (1) A plan of operations that describes in detail the activity (e.g., type of project, methods, and types and numbers of equipment and personnel, etc.), the dates and duration of the activity, and the specific locations of and areas affected by the activity.
              (2) A site-specific marine mammal monitoring and mitigation plan to monitor and mitigate the effects of the activity on Pacific walruses and polar bears.
              (3) A site-specific Pacific walrus and polar bear safety, awareness, and interaction plan. The plan for each activity and location will detail the policies and procedures that will provide for the safety and awareness of personnel, avoid interactions with Pacific walruses and polar bears, and minimize impacts to these animals.

              (4) A Plan of Cooperation (POC) to mitigate potential conflicts between the activity and subsistence hunting, where relevant. Applicants must provide documentation of communication with potentially affected subsistence communities along the Beaufort Sea coast (i.e., Kaktovik, Nuiqsut, and Barrow) and appropriate subsistence user organizations (i.e., the Eskimo Walrus Commission or North Slope Borough) to discuss the location, timing, and methods of activities and identify and mitigate any potential conflicts with subsistence walrus and polar bear hunting activities. Applicants must specifically inquire of relevant communities and organizations if the activity will interfere with the availability of Pacific walruses and/or polar bears for the subsistence use of those groups. Applications for Letters of Authorization must include documentation of all consultations with potentially affected user groups. Documentation must include a summary of any concerns identified by community members and hunter organizations, and the applicant's responses to identified concerns.

              § 18.125
              How the Service will evaluate a request for a Letter of Authorization (LOA).
              (a) We will evaluate each request for an LOA based on the specific activity and the specific geographic location. We will determine whether the level of activity identified in the request exceeds that analyzed by us in considering the number of animals likely to be taken and evaluating whether there will be a negligible impact on the species or an adverse impact on the availability of the species for subsistence uses. If the level of activity is greater, we will reevaluate our findings to determine if those findings continue to be appropriate based on the greater level of activity that the applicant has requested. Depending on the results of the evaluation, we may grant the authorization, add further conditions, or deny the authorization.
              (b) In accordance with § 18.27(f)(5), we will make decisions concerning withdrawals of an LOA, either on an individual or class basis, only after notice and opportunity for public comment.
              (c) The requirement for notice and public comment in paragraph (b) of this section will not apply should we determine that an emergency exists that poses a significant risk to the well-being of the species or stocks of polar bears or Pacific walruses.

              § 18.126
              Authorized take allowed under a Letter of Authorization (LOA).

              (a) An LOA allows for the nonlethal, non-injurious, incidental, but not intentional take by Level B harassment, as defined in § 18.3 and under section 3 of the Marine Mammal Protection Act (16 U.S.C. 1371 et seq.), of Pacific walruses and/or polar bears while conducting oil and gas industry exploration, development, production, and/or other substantially similar activities within the Beaufort Sea ITR region described in § 18.122.
              (b) Each LOA will identify terms and conditions for each activity and location.

              § 18.127
              Prohibited take under a Letter of Authorization (LOA).
              Except as otherwise provided in this subpart, prohibited taking is described in § 18.11 as well as:

              (a) Intentional take, Level A harassment, as defined in section 3 of the Marine Mammal Protection Act (16 U.S.C. 1371 et seq.), and lethal incidental take of polar bears or Pacific walruses; and
              (b) Any take that fails to comply with this subpart or with the terms and conditions of an LOA.

              § 18.128
              Mitigation, monitoring, and reporting requirements.
              (a) Mitigation measures for all Letters of Authorization (LOAs). Holders of an LOA must implement policies and procedures to conduct activities in a manner that minimizes to the greatest extent practicable adverse impacts on Pacific walruses and/or polar bears, their habitat, and the availability of these marine mammals for subsistence uses. Adaptive management practices, such as temporal or spatial activity restrictions in response to the presence of marine mammals in a particular place or time or the occurrence of Pacific walruses and/or polar bears engaged in a biologically significant activity (e.g., resting, feeding, denning, or nursing, among others) must be used to avoid interactions with and minimize impacts to these animals and their availability for subsistence uses.
              (1) All holders of an LOA must:
              (i) Cooperate with the Service's Marine Mammals Management Office and other designated Federal, State, and local agencies to monitor and mitigate the impacts of oil and gas industry activities on Pacific walruses and polar bears.
              (ii) Designate trained and qualified personnel to monitor for the presence of Pacific walruses and polar bears, initiate mitigation measures, and monitor, record, and report the effects of oil and gas industry activities on Pacific walruses and/or polar bears.
              (iii) Have an approved Pacific walrus and polar bear safety, awareness, and interaction plan on file with the Service's Marine Mammals Management Office and onsite, and provide polar bear awareness training to certain personnel. Interaction plans must include:

              (A) The type of activity and where and when the activity will occur (i.e., a summary of the plan of operation);
              (B) A food, waste, and other “bear attractants” management plan;
              (C) Personnel training policies, procedures, and materials;
              (D) Site-specific walrus and polar bear interaction risk evaluation and mitigation measures;
              (E) Walrus and polar bear avoidance and encounter procedures; and
              (F) Walrus and polar bear observation and reporting procedures.
              (2) All applicants for an LOA must contact affected subsistence communities and hunter organizations to discuss potential conflicts caused by the activities and provide the Service documentation of communications as described in § 18.124.
              (b) Mitigation measures for onshore activities. Holders of an LOA must undertake the following activities to limit disturbance around known polar bear dens:
              (1) Attempt to locate polar bear dens. Holders of an LOA seeking to carry out onshore activities in known or suspected polar bear denning habitat during the denning season (November-April) must make efforts to locate occupied polar bear dens within and near areas of operation, utilizing appropriate tools, such as forward-looking infrared (FLIR) imagery and/or polar bear scent-trained dogs. All observed or suspected polar bear dens must be reported to the Service prior to the initiation of activities.
              (2) Observe the exclusion zone around known polar bear dens. Operators must observe a 1.6-km (1-mi) operational exclusion zone around all known polar bear dens during the denning season (November-April, or until the female and cubs leave the areas). Should previously unknown occupied dens be discovered within 1 mi of activities, work must cease and the Service contacted for guidance. The Service will evaluate these instances on a case-by-case basis to determine the appropriate action. Potential actions may range from cessation or modification of work to conducting additional monitoring, and the holder of the authorization must comply with any additional measures specified.

              (3) Use the den habitat map developed by the USGS. A map of potential coastal polar bear denning habitat can be found at: http://alaska.usgs.gov/science/biology/polar_bears/denning.html. This measure ensures that the location of potential polar bear dens is considered when conducting activities in the coastal areas of the Beaufort Sea.
              (4) Polar bear den restrictions. Restrict the timing of the activity to limit disturbance around dens.
              (c) Mitigation measures for operational and support vessels. (1) Operational and support vessels must be staffed with dedicated marine mammal observers to alert crew of the presence of walruses and polar bears and initiate adaptive mitigation responses.
              (2) At all times, vessels must maintain the maximum distance possible from concentrations of walruses or polar bears. Under no circumstances, other than an emergency, should any vessel approach within an 805-m (0.5-mi) radius of walruses or polar bears observed on land or ice.
              (3) Vessel operators must take every precaution to avoid harassment of concentrations of feeding walruses when a vessel is operating near these animals. Vessels should reduce speed and maintain a minimum 805-m (0.5-mi) operational exclusion zone around feeding walrus groups. Vessels may not be operated in such a way as to separate members of a group of walruses from other members of the group. When weather conditions require, such as when visibility drops, vessels should adjust speed accordingly to avoid the likelihood of injury to walruses.
              (4) Vessels bound for the Beaufort Sea ITR Region may not transit through the Chukchi Sea prior to July 1. This operating condition is intended to allow walruses the opportunity to move through the Bering Strait and disperse from the confines of the spring lead system into the Chukchi Sea with minimal disturbance. It is also intended to minimize vessel impacts upon the availability of walruses for Alaska Native subsistence hunters. Exemption waivers to this operating condition may be issued by the Service on a case-by-case basis, based upon a review of seasonal ice conditions and available information on walrus and polar bear distributions in the area of interest.
              (5) All vessels must avoid areas of active or anticipated walrus or polar bear subsistence hunting activity as determined through community consultations.
              (6) In association with marine activities, we may require trained marine mammal monitors on the site of the activity or on board drill ships, drill rigs, aircraft, icebreakers, or other support vessels or vehicles to monitor the impacts of Industry's activity on polar bear and Pacific walruses.
              (d) Mitigation measures for aircraft. (1) Operators of support aircraft should, at all times, conduct their activities at the maximum distance possible from concentrations of walruses or polar bears.
              (2) Under no circumstances, other than an emergency, should aircraft operate at an altitude lower than 457 m (1,500 ft) within 805 m (0.5 mi) of walruses or polar bears observed on ice or land. Helicopters may not hover or circle above such areas or within 805 m (0.5 mile) of such areas. When weather conditions do not allow a 457-m (1,500-ft) flying altitude, such as during severe storms or when cloud cover is low, aircraft may be operated below this altitude. However, when weather conditions necessitate operation of aircraft at altitudes below 457 m (1,500 ft), the operator must avoid areas of known walrus and polar bear concentrations and should take precautions to avoid flying directly over or within 805 m (0.5 mile) of these areas.
              (3) Plan all aircraft routes to minimize any potential conflict with active or anticipated walrus or polar bear hunting activity as determined through community consultations.
              (e) Mitigation measures for sound-producing offshore activities. Any offshore activity expected to produce pulsed underwater sounds with received sound levels ≥160 dB re 1 µPa will be required to establish and monitor acoustically verified mitigation zones surrounding the sound source and implement adaptive mitigation measures as follows:
              (1) Mitigation zones. (i) A walrus monitoring zone is required where the received pulsed sound level would be ≥160 dB re 1 µPa. Walruses in this zone are assumed to experience Level B take.
              (ii) A walrus mitigation zone is required where the received pulsed sound level would be ≥180 dB re 1 µPa.
              (iii) A walrus or polar bear mitigation zone is required where the received pulsed sound level would be ≥190 dB re 1 µPa.
              (2) Adaptive mitigation measures.

              (i) Ramp-up procedures. For all sound sources, including sound source testing, the following sound ramp-up procedures must be used to allow walruses and polar bears to depart the mitigation zones:

              (A) Visually monitor the ≥180 dB re 1 µPa and ≥190 dB re 1 µPa mitigation zones and adjacent waters for walruses and polar bears for at least 30 minutes before initiating ramp-up procedures. If no walruses or polar bears are detected, ramp-up procedures may begin. Do not initiate ramp-up procedures when mitigation zones are not observable (e.g., at night, in fog, during storms or high sea states, etc.).
              (B) Initiate ramp-up procedures by activating a single, or least powerful, sound source, in terms of energy output and/or volume capacity.
              (C) Continue ramp-up by gradually increasing sound output over a period of at least 20 minutes, but no longer than 40 minutes, until the desired operating level of the sound source is obtained.
              (ii) Power down. Immediately power down a sound source when:
              (A) One or more walruses is observed or detected within the area delineated by the pulsed sound ≥180 dB re 1 µPa walrus mitigation zone; and
              (B) One or more walruses or polar bears are observed or detected within the area delineated by the pulsed sound ≥190 dB re 1 µPa walrus or polar bear mitigation zone.
              (iii) Shut down. (A) If the power down operation cannot reduce the received pulsed sound level to <180 dB re 1 µPa (walrus) or <190 dB re 1 µPa (walrus or polar bear), the operator must immediately shut down the sound source.
              (B) If observations are made or credible reports are received that one or more walruses or polar bears within the area of the sound source activity are believed to be in an injured or mortal state, or are indicating acute distress due to received sound, the sound source must be immediately shut down and the Service contacted. The sound source will not be restarted until review and approval has been given by the Service. The ramp-up procedures must be followed when restarting.
              (f) Mitigation measures for the subsistence use of walruses and polar bears. Holders of Letters of Authorization must conduct their activities in a manner that, to the greatest extent practicable, minimizes adverse impacts on the availability of Pacific walruses and polar bears for subsistence uses.
              (1) Community consultation. Prior to receipt of an LOA, applicants must consult with potentially affected communities and appropriate subsistence user organizations to discuss potential conflicts with subsistence walrus and polar bear hunting caused by the location, timing, and methods of operations and support activities (see § 18.124 for details). If community concerns suggest that the activities may have an adverse impact on the subsistence uses of these species, the applicant must address conflict avoidance issues through a POC as described in paragraph (f)(2) of this section.
              (2) Plan of Cooperation (POC). When appropriate, a holder of an LOA will be required to develop and implement a Service-approved POC. The POC must include:
              (i) A description of the procedures by which the holder of the LOA will work and consult with potentially affected subsistence hunters; and
              (ii) A description of specific measures that have been or will be taken to avoid or minimize interference with subsistence hunting of walruses and polar bears and to ensure continued availability of the species for subsistence use.
              (iii) The Service will review the POC to ensure that any potential adverse effects on the availability of the animals are minimized. The Service will reject POCs if they do not provide adequate safeguards to ensure the least practicable adverse impact on the availability of walruses and polar bears for subsistence use.
              (g) Monitoring requirements. Holders of an LOA will be required to:

              (1) Develop and implement a site-specific, Service-approved marine mammal monitoring and mitigation plan to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of mitigation measures and the effects of activities on walruses, polar bears, and the subsistence use of these species.
              (2) Provide trained, qualified, and Service-approved onsite observers to carry out monitoring and mitigation activities identified in the marine mammal monitoring and mitigation plan.
              (3) For offshore activities, provide trained, qualified, and Service-approved observers on board all operational and support vessels to carry out monitoring and mitigation activities identified in the marine mammal monitoring and mitigation plan. Offshore observers may be required to complete a marine mammal observer training course approved by the Service.
              (4) Cooperate with the Service and other designated Federal, State, and local agencies to monitor the impacts of oil and gas activities on walruses and polar bears. Where information is insufficient to evaluate the potential effects of activities on walruses, polar bears, and the subsistence use of these species, holders of an LOA may be required to participate in joint monitoring and/or research efforts to address these information needs and ensure the least practicable impact to these resources.
              (h) Reporting requirements. Holders of an LOA must report the results of monitoring and mitigation activities to the Service's Marine Mammals Management Office via email at: fw7_mmm_reports@fws.gov.

              (1) In-season monitoring reports—(i) Activity progress reports. Holders of an LOA must:
              (A) Notify the Service at least 48 hours prior to the onset of activities;
              (B) Provide the Service weekly progress reports of any significant changes in activities and/or locations; and
              (C) Notify the Service within 48 hours after ending of activities.
              (ii) Walrus observation reports. Holders of an LOA must report, on a weekly basis, all observations of walruses during any Industry activity. Upon request, monitoring report data must be provided in a common electronic format (to be specified by the Service). Information in the observation report must include, but is not limited to:
              (A) Date, time, and location of each walrus sighting;
              (B) Number of walruses;
              (C) Sex and age (if known);
              (D) Observer name and contact information;
              (E) Weather, visibility, sea state, and sea-ice conditions at the time of observation;
              (F) Estimated range at closest approach;
              (G) Industry activity at time of sighting;
              (H) Behavior of animals sighted;
              (I) Description of the encounter;
              (J) Duration of the encounter; and
              (K) Mitigation actions taken.
              (iii) Polar bear observation reports. Holders of an LOA must report, within 48 hours, all observations of polar bears and potential polar bear dens, during any Industry activity. Upon request, monitoring report data must be provided in a common electronic format (to be specified by the Service). Information in the observation report must include, but is not limited to:
              (A) Date, time, and location of observation;
              (B) Number of bears;
              (C) Sex and age (if known);
              (D) Observer name and contact information;
              (E) Weather, visibility, sea state, and sea-ice conditions at the time of observation;
              (F) Estimated closest distance of bears from personnel and facilities;
              (G) Industry activity at time of sighting;
              (H) Possible attractants present;
              (I) Bear behavior;
              (J) Description of the encounter;
              (K) Duration of the encounter; and
              (L) Mitigation actions taken.
              (2) Notification of LOA incident report. Holders of an LOA must report, as soon as possible, but within 48 hours, all LOA incidents during any Industry activity. An LOA incident is any situation when specified activities exceed the authority of an LOA, when a mitigation measure was required but not enacted, or when injury or death of a walrus or polar bear occurs. Reports must include:
              (i) All information specified for an observation report;
              (ii) A complete detailed description of the incident; and
              (iii) Any other actions taken.
              (3) Final report. The results of monitoring and mitigation efforts identified in the marine mammal monitoring and mitigation plan must be submitted to the Service for review within 90 days of the expiration of an LOA, or for production LOAs, an annual report by January 15th of each calendar year. Upon request, final report data must be provided in a common electronic format (to be specified by the Service). Information in the final (or annual) report must include, but is not limited to:
              (i) Copies of all observation reports submitted under the LOA;
              (ii) A summary of the observation reports;
              (iii) A summary of monitoring and mitigation efforts including areas, total hours, total distances, and distribution;
              (iv) Analysis of factors affecting the visibility and detectability of walruses and polar bears during monitoring;
              (v) Analysis of the effectiveness of mitigation measures;
              (vi) Analysis of the distribution, abundance, and behavior of walruses and/or polar bears observed; and
              (vii) Estimates of take in relation to the specified activities.

              § 18.129
              Information collection requirements.
              (a) We may not conduct or sponsor and a person is not required to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid Office of Management and Budget (OMB) control number. OMB has approved the collection of information contained in this subpart and assigned OMB control number 1018-0070. You must respond to this information collection request to obtain a benefit pursuant to section 101(a)(5) of the Marine Mammal Protection Act. We will use the information to:
              (1) Evaluate the application and determine whether or not to issue specific Letters of Authorization; and
              (2) Monitor impacts of activities and effectiveness of mitigation measures conducted under the Letters of Authorization.
              (b) Comments regarding the burden estimate or any other aspect of this requirement must be submitted to the Information Collection Clearance Officer, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, at the address listed in 50 CFR 2.1.

            Subpart K—Nonlethal Taking of Marine Mammals Incidental to Oil and Gas Activities in Cook Inlet, Alaska

              Effective Date Note:
              At 84 FR 37745, Aug. 1, 2019, Subpart K was added, effective Aug. 1, 2019 through Aug. 1, 2024.

              § 18.130
              Specified activities covered by this subpart.

              Regulations in this subpart apply to the nonlethal incidental, but not intentional, take, as defined in 50 CFR 18.3 and under the Marine Mammal Protection Act (16 U.S.C. 1362), of small numbers of northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni; hereafter “otter,” “otters,” or “sea otters”) by Hilcorp Alaska, LLC, Harvest Alaska, LLC, and the Alaska Gasline Development Corporation while engaged in activities associated with or in support of oil and gas exploration, development, production, and transportation in Cook Inlet, Alaska.

              § 18.131
              Specified geographic region where this subpart applies.
              (a) The specified geographic region is Cook Inlet, Alaska, south of a line from the Susitna River Delta to Point Possession (approximately 61°15′54″ N, 150°41′07″ W, to 61°02′19″ N, 150°23′48″ W, WGS 1984) and north of a line from Rocky Cove to Coal Cove (approximately 59°25′56″ N, 153°44′25″ W and 59°23′48″ N, 151°54′28″ W, WGS 1984), excluding Ursus Cove, Iniskin Bay, Iliamna Bay, and Tuxedni Bay.

              (b) The geographic area of this incidental take regulation (ITR) includes all Alaska State waters and Outer Continental Shelf Federal waters within this area as well as all adjacent rivers, estuaries, and coastal lands where sea otters may occur, except for those areas explicitly excluded in paragraph (a) of this section.
              (c) Map of the Cook Inlet ITR region follows:

                ER01AU19.000

              § 18.132
              Dates this subpart is in effect.
              Regulations in this subpart are effective from August 1, 2019, to August 1, 2024.

              § 18.133
              Authorized take allowed under a Letter of Authorization (LOA).
              (a) To incidentally take marine mammals pursuant to the regulations in this subpart,, Hilcorp Alaska, LLC, Harvest Alaska, LLC, or the Alaska Gasline Development Corporation (hereafter “the applicant”) must apply for and obtain an LOA in accordance with §§ 18.27(f) and 18.134. The applicant is a U.S. citizen as defined in § 18.27(c).
              (b) An LOA allows for the nonlethal, incidental, but not intentional take by harassment of sea otters during activities specified in § 18.130 within the Cook Inlet ITR region described in § 18.131.
              (c) Each LOA will set forth:
              (1) Permissible methods of incidental take;

              (2) Means of effecting the least practicable adverse impact (i.e., mitigation) on the species, its habitat, and the availability of the species for subsistence uses; and
              (3) Requirements for monitoring and reporting.

              (d) Issuance of the LOA(s) must be based on a determination that the level of take will be consistent with the findings made for the total allowable take under these regulations in this subpart.

              § 18.134
              Procedure to obtain a Letter of Authorization (LOA).
              (a) The applicant must submit the request for authorization to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) Alaska Region Marine Mammals Management Office (MMM), MS 341, 1011 East Tudor Road, Anchorage, Alaska, 99503, at least 90 days prior to the start of the proposed activity.
              (b) The request for an LOA must comply with the requirements set forth in §§ 18.137 through 18.139 and must include the following information:
              (1) A plan of operations that describes in detail the proposed activity (type of project, methods, and types and numbers of equipment and personnel, etc.), the dates and duration of the activity, and the specific locations of and areas affected by the activity. Changes to the proposed project without prior authorization may invalidate an LOA.
              (2) A site-specific marine mammal monitoring and mitigation plan to monitor and mitigate the effects of the activity on sea otters.
              (3) An assessment of potential effects of the proposed activity on subsistence hunting of sea otters.
              (i) The applicant must communicate with potentially affected subsistence communities along the Cook Inlet coast and appropriate subsistence user organizations to discuss the location, timing, and methods of proposed activities and identify any potential conflicts with subsistence hunting activities.
              (ii) The applicant must specifically inquire of relevant communities and organizations if the proposed activity will interfere with the availability of sea otters for the subsistence use of those groups.
              (iii) The applicant must include documentation of consultations with potentially affected user groups. Documentation must include a list of persons contacted, a summary of input received, any concerns identified by community members and hunter organizations, and the applicant's responses to identified concerns.
              (iv) If any concerns regarding effects of the activity on sea otter subsistence harvest are identified, the applicant will provide to the Service a Plan of Cooperation (POC) with specific steps for addressing those concerns, including a schedule for ongoing community engagement and suggested measures that will be implemented to mitigate any potential conflicts with subsistence hunting.

              § 18.135
              How the Service will evaluate a request for a Letter of Authorization (LOA).
              (a) The Service will evaluate each request for an LOA to determine if the proposed activity is consistent with the analysis and findings made for these regulations. Depending on the results of the evaluation, we may grant the authorization, add further conditions, or deny the authorization.
              (b) Once issued, the Service may withdraw or suspend an LOA if the project activity is modified in a way that undermines the results of the previous evaluation, if the conditions of the regulations in this subpart are not being substantially complied with, or if the taking allowed is or may be having more than a negligible impact on the affected stock of sea otters or an unmitigable adverse impact on the availability of sea otters for subsistence uses.
              (c) The Service will make decisions concerning withdrawals of an LOA, either on an individual or class basis, only after notice and opportunity for public comment in accordance with § 18.27(f)(5). The requirement for notice and public comment will not apply should we determine that an emergency exists that poses a significant risk to the well-being of the species or stocks of sea otters.

              § 18.136
              Prohibited take under a Letter of Authorization (LOA).

              (a) Except as otherwise provided in this subpart, prohibited taking is described in § 18.11 as well as: Intentional take, lethal incidental take of sea otters, and any take that fails to comply with this subpart or with the terms and conditions of an LOA.

              (b) If project activities cause unauthorized take, the applicant must take the following actions:
              (1) Cease activities immediately (or reduce activities to the minimum level necessary to maintain safety) and report the details of the incident to the Service MMM within 48 hours; and
              (2) Suspend further activities until the Service has reviewed the circumstances, determined whether additional mitigation measures are necessary to avoid further unauthorized taking, and notified the applicant that it may resume project activities.

              § 18.137
              Mitigation.
              (a) Mitigation measures for all LOAs. The applicant, including all personnel operating under the applicant's authority (or “operators,” including contractors, subcontractors, and representatives) must undertake the following activities to avoid and minimize take of sea otters by harassment.
              (1) Implement policies and procedures to avoid interactions with and minimize to the greatest extent practicable adverse impacts on sea otters, their habitat, and the availability of these marine mammals for subsistence uses.
              (2) Develop avoidance and minimization policies and procedures, in cooperation with the Service, that include temporal or spatial activity restrictions to be used in response to the presence of sea otters engaged in a biologically significant activity (e.g., resting, feeding, hauling out, mating, or nursing).
              (3) Cooperate with the Service's MMM Office and other designated Federal, State, and local agencies to monitor and mitigate the impacts of oil and gas industry activities on sea otters.
              (4) Allow Service personnel or the Service's designated representative to board project vessels or visit project work sites for the purpose of monitoring impacts to sea otters and subsistence uses of sea otters at any time throughout project activities so long as it is safe to do so.
              (5) Designate trained and qualified protected species observers (PSOs) to monitor for the presence of sea otters, initiate mitigation measures, and monitor, record, and report the effects of the activities on sea otters. The applicant is responsible for providing training to PSOs to carry out mitigation and monitoring.
              (6) Have an approved mitigation and monitoring plan on file with the Service MMM and onsite that includes the following information:

              (i) The type of activity and where and when the activity will occur (i.e., a summary of the plan of operation);
              (ii) Personnel training policies, procedures, and materials;
              (iii) Site-specific sea otter interaction risk evaluation and mitigation measures;
              (iv) Sea otter avoidance and encounter procedures; and
              (v) Sea otter observation and reporting procedures.
              (7) Contact affected subsistence communities and hunter organizations to identify any potential conflicts that may be caused by the proposed activities and provide the Service documentation of communications as described in § 18.134.
              (b) Mitigation measures for in-water noise-generating work. The applicant must carry out the following measures:
              (1) Mitigation zones. Establish mitigation zones for project activities that generate underwater sound levels ≥160 decibels (dB) between 125 hertz (Hz) and 38 kilohertz (kHz) (hereafter “noise-generating work”).

              (i) All dB levels are referenced to 1 µPa for underwater sound. All dB levels herein are dBRMS unless otherwise noted; dBRMS refers to the root-mean-squared dB level, the square root of the average of the squared sound pressure level, typically measured over 1 second.
              (ii) Mitigation zones must include all in-water areas where work-related sound received by sea otters will match the levels and frequencies in paragraph (b)(1) of this section. Mitigation zones will be designated as follows:
              (A) An Exclusion Zone (EZ) will be established throughout all areas where sea otters may be exposed to sound levels capable of causing Level A take as shown in the table in paragraph (b)(1)(iii) of this section.

              (B) The Safety Zone (SZ) is an area larger than the EZ and will include all areas within which sea otters may be exposed to noise levels that will likely result in Level B take as shown in the table in paragraph (b)(1)(iii) of this section.
              (C) Both the EZ and SZ will be centered on the sound source. The method of estimation and minimum radius of each zone will be specified in any LOA issued under § 18.135 and will be based on onsite sound source verification (SSV), if available, or the best available science.
              (D) Onsite SSV testing will be conducted prior to two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) seismic surveys.
              (E) Seismic surveys (2D and 3D) must be conducted using equipment that generates the lowest practicable levels of underwater sound within the range of frequencies audible to sea otters.
              (iii) Summary of acoustic exposure thresholds for take of sea otters from underwater sound in the frequency range 125 Hz-38 kHz:

                Table 1 to § 18.137(b)(1)(iii)

                  Marine mammals
                  Injury (Level A) threshold 1

                  Impulsive
                  Non-impulsive
                  Disturbance (Level B) threshold
                  All

                  Sea otters
                  232 dB peak; 203 dB SELCUM

                  219 dB SELCUM

                  160 dBRMS.

                  1 Based on acoustic criteria for otariid pinnipeds from the National Marine Fisheries Service. Sound source types are separated into impulsive (e.g., seismic, pipe driving, sub-bottom profiler) and non-impulsive (drilling, water jet) and require estimation of the distance to the peak received sound pressure level (peak) and 24-hr cumulative sound exposure level (SELCUM).

              (2) Monitoring. Designate trained and qualified PSOs or “observers” to monitor for the presence of sea otters in mitigation zones, initiate mitigation measures, and record and report the effects of project work on otters for all noise-generating work.
              (3) Mitigation measures for sea otters in mitigation zones. The following actions will be taken in response to otters in mitigation zones:
              (i) Sea otters that are under no visible distress within the SZ must be monitored continuously. Power down, shut down, or maneuver away from the sea otter if practicable to reduce sound received by the animal. Maintain 100-m (301-ft) separation distance whenever possible. Exposures in this zone are counted as one Level B take per animal per day.
              (ii) When sea otters are observed within or approaching the EZ, noise-generating work as defined in paragraph (b)(1) of this section must be immediately shut down or powered down to reduce the size of the zone sufficiently to exclude the animal from the zone. Vessel speed or course may be altered to achieve the same task. Exposures in this zone are counted as one Level A take per animal per day.
              (iii) When sea otters are observed in visible distress (for example, vocalizing, repeatedly spy-hopping, or fleeing), noise-generating work as defined in paragraph (b)(1) of this section must be immediately shut down or powered down to reduce the size of the zone sufficiently to exclude the animal from the zone.
              (iv) Following a shutdown, the noise-generating activity will not resume until the sea otter has cleared the EZ. The animal will be considered to have cleared the EZ if it is visually observed to have left the EZ or has not been seen within the EZ for 30 minutes or longer.
              (4) Ramp-up procedures. Prior to noise-generating work, a “ramp-up” procedure must be used to increase the levels of underwater sound from noise-generating work at a gradual rate.
              (i) Seismic surveys: A ramp-up will be used at the initial start of airgun operations and prior to restarting after any period greater than 10 minutes without airgun operations, including a power-down or shutdown event (described in paragraphs (b)(6) and (7) of this section). During geophysical work, the number and total volume of airguns will be increased incrementally until the full volume is achieved. The rate of ramp-up will be no more than 6 dB per 5-minute period. Ramp-up will begin with the smallest gun in the array that is being used for all airgun array configurations. During the ramp-up, the applicable mitigation zones (based on type of airgun and sound levels produced) must be maintained. It will not be permissible to ramp up the full array from a complete shutdown in thick fog or at other times when the outer part of the EZ is not visible. Ramp-up of the airguns will not be initiated if a sea otter is sighted within the EZ at any time.
              (ii) Pile/pipe driving: A ramp-up of the hammering will precede each day's pipe/pile driving activities or if pipe/pile driving has ceased for more than 1 hour. The EZ will be determined clear of sea otters 30 minutes prior to a ramp-up to ensure no sea otters are within or entering the EZ. Initial hammering starts will not begin during periods of poor visibility (e.g., night, fog, wind) when the entire EZ is not visible. The ramp-up procedure for impact hammers involves initially starting with three soft strikes at 40 percent energy, followed by a 1-minute waiting period followed by two subsequent three-strike sets. For vibratory hammers, initial noise generation will be limited to 15 seconds at a reduced energy level, followed by a 1-minute waiting period. This cycle will be repeated two additional times. Monitoring will occur during all hammering sessions.
              (iii) All activities: Any shutdown due to sea otters sighted within the EZ must be followed by a 30-minute all-clear period and then a standard full ramp-up. Any shutdown for other reasons resulting in the cessation of the sound source for a period greater than 30 minutes must also be followed by full ramp-up procedures. If otters are observed during a ramp-up effort or prior to startup, a PSO must record the observation and monitor the animal's position until it moves out of visual range. Noise-generating work may commence if, after a full and gradual effort to ramp up the underwater sound level, the otter is outside of the EZ and does not show signs of visible distress (for example, vocalizing, repeatedly spy-hopping, or fleeing).
              (5) Startup procedures. (i) Visual monitoring must begin at least 30 minutes prior to, and continue throughout, ramp-up efforts.
              (ii) Visual monitoring must continue during all noise-generating work occurring in daylight hours.
              (6) Power-down procedures. A power-down procedure involves reducing the volume of underwater sound generated to prevent an otter from entering the EZ.
              (i) Whenever a sea otter is detected outside the EZ and, based on its position and motion relative to the noise-generating work, appears likely to enter the EZ but has not yet done so, operators may reduce power to noise-generating equipment as an alternative to a shutdown.
              (ii) Whenever a sea otter is detected in the SZ, an operator may power down when practicable to reduce Level B take.
              (iii) During a power-down of seismic work, the number of airguns in use may be reduced, such that the EZ is reduced, making the sea otters unlikely to enter the EZ. A mitigation airgun (airgun of small volume such as the 10-in3 gun) will be operated continuously during a power-down of seismic work.
              (iv) After a power-down, noise-generating work will not resume until the sea otter has cleared the applicable EZ. The animal will be considered to have cleared the applicable zone if it is visually observed to have left the EZ and has not been seen within the zone for 30 minutes.
              (7) Shutdown procedure. A shutdown occurs when all noise-generating work is suspended.
              (i) Noise-generating work will be shut down completely if a sea otter enters the EZ.
              (ii) The shutdown procedure will be accomplished within several seconds of the determination that a sea otter is either in or about to enter the EZ or as soon as practicable considering worker safety and equipment integrity.
              (iii) Noise-generating work will not proceed until all sea otters have cleared the EZ and the PSOs on duty are confident that no sea otters remain within the EZ. An otter will be considered to have cleared the EZ if it is visually observed to have left the EZ or has not been seen within the zone for 30 minutes.

              (iv) Visual monitoring must continue for 30 minutes after use of the acoustic source ceases or the sun sets, whichever is later.
              (8) Emergency shutdown. If observations are made or credible reports are received that one or more sea otters are within the area of noise-generating work and are indicating acute distress associated with the work, such as any injury due to seismic noise or persistent vocalizations indicating separation of mother from pup, the work will be immediately shut down and the Service contacted. Work will not be restarted until review and approval by the Service.
              (9) To ensure the proposed activities remain consistent with the estimated take of sea otters, operators may not conduct 3D seismic surveys where doing so will generate underwater noise levels that are likely to exceed acoustic exposure thresholds within areas of estimated sea otter densities greater than 0.026 otters per km. Maps of the areas will be provided to 3D seismic operators and may be adjusted based on SSV results. This does not apply to 2D seismic surveys.
              (c) Mitigation for all in-water construction and demolition activity. (1) The applicant must implement a minimum EZ of a 10-m radius around the in-water construction and demolition. If a sea otter comes within or approaches the EZ, such operations must cease. A larger EZ may be required for some activities, such as blasting, and will be specified in the LOA.
              (2) All work in intertidal areas shall be conducted during low tide when the site is dewatered to the maximum extent practicable.
              (3) The applicant must evaluate alternatives to pile-supported facilities. If no practicable alternative exists, the applicant must then evaluate the use of sound-attenuation devices such as pile caps and cushions, bubble curtains, and dewatered cofferdams during construction. The Service may require sound-attenuation devices or alternatives to pile-supported designs.
              (d) Measures for vessel-based activities. (1) Vessel operators must take every precaution to avoid harassment of sea otters when a vessel is operating near these animals.
              (2) Vessels must remain at least 500 m from rafts of otters unless safety is a factor.
              (3) Vessels must reduce speed and maintain a distance of 100 m (328 ft) from all sea otters unless safety is a factor.
              (4) Vessels must not be operated in such a way as to separate members of a group of sea otters from other members of the group.
              (5) When weather conditions require, such as when visibility drops, vessels must adjust speed accordingly to avoid the likelihood of injury to sea otters.
              (6) Vessels in transit and support vessels must use established navigation channels or commonly recognized vessel traffic corridors, and must avoid alongshore travel in shallow water (<20 m) whenever practicable.
              (7) All vessels must avoid areas of active or anticipated subsistence hunting for sea otters as determined through community consultations.
              (8) Vessel operators must be provided written guidance for avoiding collisions and minimizing disturbances to sea otters. Guidance will include measures identified in paragraphs (d)(1) through (7) of this section.
              (e) Mitigation measures for aircraft activities. (1) Aircraft must maintain a minimum altitude of 305 m (1,000 ft) to avoid unnecessary harassment of sea otters, except during takeoff and landing, and when a lower flight altitude is necessary for safety due to weather or restricted visibility.
              (2) Aircraft must not be operated in such a way as to separate members of a group of sea otters from other members of the group.
              (3) All aircraft must avoid areas of active or anticipated subsistence hunting for sea otters as determined through community consultations.
              (4) Unmanned aerial systems or drones must not cause take by harassment of sea otters. Measures for avoidance of take may be required in an LOA, and may include maintaining a minimum altitude and horizontal distance no less than 100 m away from otters, conducting continuous visual monitoring by PSOs, and ceasing activities in response to sea otter behaviors indicating any reaction to drones.

              § 18.138
              Monitoring.
              (a) Operators shall work with PSOs to apply mitigation measures, and shall recognize the authority of PSOs, up to and including stopping work, except where doing so poses a significant safety risk to personnel.
              (b) Duties of PSOs include watching for and identifying sea otters, recording observation details, documenting presence in any applicable monitoring zone, identifying and documenting potential harassment, and working with operators to implement all appropriate mitigation measures.
              (c) A sufficient number of PSOs will be available to meet the following criteria: 100 percent monitoring of EZs during all daytime periods of underwater noise-generating work; a maximum of 4 consecutive hours on watch per PSO; a maximum of approximately 12 hours on watch per day per PSO.
              (d) All PSOs will complete a training course designed to familiarize individuals with monitoring and data collection procedures. A field crew leader with prior experience as a sea otter observer will supervise the PSO team. Initially, new or inexperienced PSOs will be paired with experienced PSOs so that the quality of marine mammal observations and data recording is kept consistent. Resumes for candidate PSOs will be made available for the Service to review.
              (e) Observers will be provided with reticule binoculars (10x42), big-eye binoculars or spotting scopes (30x), inclinometers, and range finders. Field guides, instructional handbooks, maps and a contact list will also be made available.
              (f) Observers will collect data using the following procedures:
              (1) All data will be recorded onto a field form or database.
              (2) Global positioning system data, sea state, wind force, and weather will be collected at the beginning and end of a monitoring period, every hour in between, at the change of an observer, and upon sightings of sea otters.
              (3) Observation records of sea otters will include date; time; the observer's locations, heading, and speed (if moving); weather; visibility; number of animals; group size and composition (adults/juveniles); and the location of the animals (or distance and direction from the observer).
              (4) Observation records will also include initial behaviors of the sea otters, descriptions of project activities and underwater sound levels being generated, the position of sea otters relative to applicable monitoring and mitigation zones, any mitigation measures applied, and any apparent reactions to the project activities before and after mitigation.
              (5) For all otters in or near a mitigation zone, observers will record the distance from the vessel to the sea otter upon initial observation, the duration of the encounter, and the distance at last observation in order to monitor cumulative sound exposures.
              (6) Observers will note any instances of animals lingering close to or traveling with vessels for prolonged periods of time.

              § 18.139
              Reporting requirements.
              (a) Operators must notify the Service at least 48 hours prior to commencement of activities.
              (b) Weekly reports will be submitted to the Service during in-water seismic activities. The reports will summarize project activities, monitoring efforts conducted by PSOs, the number of sea otters detected, the number exposed to sound levels greater than 160 dB, SSV results, and descriptions of all behavioral reactions of sea otters to project activities.
              (c) Monthly reports will be submitted to the Service MMM for all months during which noise-generating work takes place. The monthly report will contain and summarize the following information: Dates, times, weather, and sea conditions (including Cook Inlet marine state and wind force) when sea otters were sighted; the number, location, distance from the sound source, and behavior of the otters; the associated project activities; and a description of the implementation and effectiveness of mitigation measures with a discussion of any specific behaviors the otters exhibited in response to mitigation.

              (d) A final report will be submitted to the Service within 90 days after the expiration of each LOA. It will include the following items:

              (1) Summary of monitoring efforts (hours of monitoring, activities monitored, number of PSOs, and, if requested by the Service, the daily monitoring logs).
              (2) All project activities will be described, along with any additional work yet to be done. Factors influencing visibility and detectability of marine mammals (e.g., sea state, number of observers, and fog and glare) will be discussed.
              (3) The report will also address factors affecting the presence and distribution of sea otters (e.g., weather, sea state, and project activities). An estimate will be included of the number of sea otters exposed to noise at received levels greater than or equal to 160 dB (based on visual observation).
              (4) The report will describe changes in sea otter behavior resulting from project activities and any specific behaviors of interest.
              (5) It will provide a discussion of the mitigation measures implemented during project activities and their observed effectiveness for minimizing impacts to sea otters. Sea otter observation records will be provided to the Service in the form of electronic database or spreadsheet files.
              (6) The report will also evaluate the effectiveness of the POC (if applicable) for preventing impacts to subsistence users of sea otters, and it will assess any effects the operations may have had on the availability of sea otters for subsistence harvest.
              (e) All reports shall be submitted by email to fw7_mmm_reports@fws.gov.

              (f) Injured, dead, or distressed sea otters that are not associated with project activities (e.g., animals known to be from outside the project area, previously wounded animals, or carcasses with moderate to advanced decomposition or scavenger damage) must be reported to the Service within 24 hours of the discovery to either the Service MMM (1-800-362-5148, business hours); or the Alaska SeaLife Center in Seward (1-888-774-7325, 24 hours a day); or both. Photographs, video, location information, or any other available documentation shall be provided to the Service.
              (g) Operators must notify the Service upon project completion or end of the work season.

              § 18.140
              Measures to reduce impacts to subsistence users.
              (a) Prior to conducting the work, the applicant will take the following steps to reduce potential effects on subsistence harvest of sea otters:
              (1) Avoid work in areas of known sea otter subsistence harvest;
              (2) Discuss the planned activities with subsistence stakeholders including Cook Inlet villages, traditional councils, and the Cook Inlet Regional Citizens Advisory Council;
              (3) Identify and work to resolve concerns of stakeholders regarding the project's effects on subsistence hunting of sea otters; and
              (b) If any unresolved or ongoing concerns remain, develop a POC in consultation with the Service and subsistence stakeholders to address these concerns. The POC must include a schedule for ongoing community engagement and specific measures for mitigating any potential conflicts with subsistence hunting.

              § 18.141
              Information collection requirements.
              (a) We may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid Office of Management and Budget (OMB) control number. OMB has approved the collection of information contained in this subpart and assigned OMB control number 1018-0070. The applicant must respond to this information collection request to obtain a benefit pursuant to section 101(a)(5) of the Marine Mammal Protection Act. We will use the information to:
              (1) Evaluate the application and determine whether or not to issue specific LOAs; and
              (2) Monitor impacts of activities and effectiveness of mitigation measures conducted under the LOAs.
              (b) Comments regarding the burden estimate or any other aspect of this requirement must be submitted to the Information Collection Clearance Officer, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, at the address listed in 50 CFR part 2.1.

          Pt. 19
          PART 19—AIRBORNE HUNTING

              Subpart A—Introduction
              Sec.
              19.1
              Purpose of regulations.
              19.2
              Scope of regulations.
              19.3
              Relation to other laws.
              19.4
              Definitions.

              Subpart B—Prohibitions
              19.11
              General prohibitions.
              19.12
              Exceptions to general prohibitions.

              Subpart C—Federal Permits
              19.21
              Limitation on Federal permits.

              Subpart D—State Permits and Annual Report Requirements
              19.31
              State permits.
              19.32
              Annual reporting requirements.

            Authority:
            Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956, 85 Stat. 480, as amended, 86 Stat. 905 (16 U.S.C. 742a—j-1).

            Source:
            39 FR 1177, Jan. 4, 1974, unless otherwise noted.

            Subpart A—Introduction

              § 19.1
              Purpose of regulations.
              The regulations contained in this part provide rules relative to the prohibition against shooting or harassing of wildlife from any aircraft, provide the requirements for the contents and filing of annual reports by the States regarding permits issued for such shooting or harassing, and provide regulations necessary for effective enforcement of the Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956 as amended (16 U.S.C. 742a—j-1).

              § 19.2
              Scope of regulations.
              The regulations contained in this part apply to all persons within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States, to all United States citizens whether within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States or on the high seas or on board aircraft in flight over the high seas, and to all persons on board aircraft belonging in whole or in part to any United States citizen, firm, or partnership, or corporation created by or under the laws of the United States, or any State, territory or possession thereof.

              § 19.3
              Relation to other laws.

              The exemptions to general prohibitions of the Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956, that permit airborne hunting in certain circumstances (See subpart B of this part) do not supersede, or authorize the violation of, other laws designed for the conservation or protection of wildlife, including those laws prohibiting the shooting or harassing of bald and golden eagles, polar bears and other marine mammals, migratory birds, and other wildlife, except to the extent that airborne hunting is authorized by regulations or permits issued under authority of those laws. (See e.g., § 21.41 of this subchapter.)

              § 19.4
              Definitions.
              In addition to definitions contained in part 10 of this subchapter, and unless the context otherwise requires, in this part 19:

                Harass means to disturb, worry, molest, rally, concentrate, harry, chase, drive, herd or torment.

            Subpart B—Prohibitions

              § 19.11
              General prohibitions.
              (a) Except as otherwise authorized by the Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956 as amended, no person shall:
              (1) While airborne in any aircraft shoot or attempt to shoot for the purpose of capturing or killing any wildlife;
              (2) Use an aircraft to harass any wildlife; or
              (3) Knowingly participate in using an aircraft whether in the aircraft or on the ground for any purpose referred to in paragraph (a) (1) or (2) of this section.
              (b) The acts prohibited in this section include, but are not limited to, any person who:
              (1) Pilots or assists in the operation of an aircraft from which another person shoots or shoots at wildlife while airborne, or
              (2) While on the ground takes or attempts to take any wildlife by means, aid, or use of an aircraft.

              § 19.12
              Exceptions to general prohibitions.
              The prohibitions of the preceding section shall not apply to any person who:
              (1) Is acting within the scope of his official duties as an employee or authorized agent of a State or the United States to administer or protect or aid in the administration or protection of land, water, wildlife, livestock, domesticated animals, human life or crops; or
              (2) Is acting within the limitations of a permit referred to in § 19.21 or § 19.31 of this part.

            Subpart C—Federal Permits

              § 19.21
              Limitation on Federal permits.
              No Federal permits will be issued to authorize any person to hunt, shoot, or harass any wildlife from an aircraft, except for Federal permits to scare or herd migratory birds referred to in § 21.41 of this subchapter.

            Subpart D—State Permits and Annual Report Requirements

              § 19.31
              State permits.
              (a) Except as provided in § 19.3, States may issue permits to persons to engage in airborne hunting or harassing of wildlife for purposes of administering or protecting land, water, wildlife, livestock, domestic animals, human life or crops. States may not issue permits for the purpose of sport hunting.
              (b) Upon issuance of a permit by a State to a person pursuant to this section, the issuing authority will provide immediate notification to the Special Agent in Charge having jurisdiction according to § 10.22.

              § 19.32
              Annual reporting requirements.
              (a) Any State issuing permits to persons to engage in airborne hunting or harassing of wildlife or any State whose employees or agents participate in airborne hunting or harassing of wildlife for purposes of administering or protecting land, water, wildlife, livestock, domestic animals, human life or crops, shall file with the Director, an annual report on or before July 1 for the preceding calendar year ending December 31.
              (b) The annual report required by this section shall contain the following information as to each such permit issued:
              (1) The name and address of each person to whom a permit was issued.
              (2) Permit number and inclusive dates during which permit was valid.
              (3) The aircraft number of the aircraft used and the location where such aircraft was based.
              (4) Common name and number of the wildlife for which authorization to take was given and a description of the area from which the wildlife were authorized to be taken.
              (5) The purpose for which the permit was issued, specifically identifying whether the permit was issued to protect land, water, wildlife, livestock, domestic animals, crops, or human life.
              (6) The common name and number of wildlife taken by permittees and State employees or agents.
              (c) A compilation of all annual reports required by this section shall be made by the Director and furnished to any State filing such annual report.

          Pt. 20
          PART 20—MIGRATORY BIRD HUNTING

              Subpart A—Introduction
              Sec.
              20.1
              Scope of regulations.
              20.2
              Relation to other provisions.

              Subpart B—Definitions
              20.11
              What terms do I need to understand?

              Subpart C—Taking
              20.20
              Migratory Bird Harvest Information Program.
              20.21
              What hunting methods are illegal?
              20.22
              Closed seasons.
              20.23
              Shooting hours.
              20.24
              Daily limit.
              20.25
              Wanton waste of migratory game birds.
              20.26
              Emergency closures.

              Subpart D—Possession
              20.31
              Prohibited if taken in violation of subpart C.
              20.32
              During closed season.
              20.33
              Possession limit.
              20.34
              Opening day of a season.
              20.35
              Field possession limit.
              20.36
              Tagging requirement.

              20.37
              Custody of birds of another.
              20.38
              Possession of live birds.
              20.39
              Termination of possession.
              20.40
              Gift of migratory game birds.

              Subpart E—Transportation Within the United States
              20.41
              Prohibited if taken in violation of subpart C.
              20.42
              Transportation of birds of another.
              20.43
              Species identification requirement.
              20.44
              Marking package or container.

              Subpart F—Exportation
              20.51
              Prohibited if taken in violation of subpart C.
              20.52
              Species identification requirement.
              20.53
              Marking package or container.

              Subpart G—Importations
              20.61
              Importation limits.
              20.62
              Importation of birds of another.
              20.63
              Species identification requirement.
              20.64
              Foreign export permits.
              20.65
              Processing requirement.
              20.66
              Marking of package or container.

              Subpart H—Federal, State, and Foreign Law
              20.71
              Violation of Federal law.
              20.72
              Violation of State law.
              20.73
              Violation of foreign law.

              Subpart I—Migratory Bird Preservation Facilities
              20.81
              Tagging requirement.
              20.82
              Records required.
              20.83
              Inspection of premises.

              Subpart J—Feathers or Skins
              20.91
              Commercial use of feathers.
              20.92
              Personal use of feathers or skins.

              Subpart K—Annual Seasons, Limits, and Shooting Hours Schedules
              20.100
              General provisions.
              20.101
              Seasons, limits, and shooting hours for Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.
              20.102
              Seasons, limits, and shooting hours for Alaska.
              20.103
              Seasons, limits, and shooting hours for mourning and white-winged doves and wild pigeons.
              20.104
              Seasons, limits, and shooting hours for rails, woodcock, and common (Wilson's) snipe.
              20.105
              Seasons, limits, and shooting hours for waterfowl, coots, and gallinules.
              20.106
              Seasons, limits, and shooting hours for sandhill cranes.
              20.107
              Seasons, limits, and shooting hours for tundra swans.
              20.108
              Nontoxic shot zones.
              20.109
              Extended seasons, limits, and hours for taking migratory game birds by falconry.
              20.110
              Seasons, limits and other regulations for certain Federal Indian reservations, Indian Territory, and ceded lands.

              Subpart L—Administrative and Miscellaneous Provisions
              20.131
              Extension of seasons.
              20.132
              Subsistence use in Alaska.
              20.133
              Hunting regulations for crows.
              20.134
              Approval of nontoxic shot types and shot coatings.

              Subpart M [Reserved]

              Subpart N—Special Procedures for Issuance of Annual Hunting Regulations
              20.151
              Purpose and scope.
              20.152
              Definitions.
              20.153
              Regulations committee.
              20.154
              Flyway Councils.
              20.155
              Public file.

            Authority:
            16 U.S.C. 703 et seq., and 16 U.S.C. 742a-j.

            Source:
            38 FR 22021, Aug. 15, 1973, unless otherwise noted.

            Subpart A—Introduction

              § 20.1
              Scope of regulations.
              (a) In general. The regulations contained in this part relate only to the hunting of migratory game birds, and crows.
              (b) Procedural and substantive requirements. Migratory game birds may be taken, possessed, transported, shipped, exported, or imported only in accordance with the restrictions, conditions, and requirements contained in this part. Crows may be taken, possessed, transported, exported, or imported only in accordance with subpart H of this part and the restrictions, conditions, and requirements prescribed in § 20.133.

              § 20.2
              Relation to other provisions.
              (a) Migratory bird permits. The provisions of this part shall not be construed to alter the terms of any permit or other authorization issued pursuant to part 21 of this subchapter.
              (b) Migratory bird hunting stamps. The provisions of this part are in addition to the provisions of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 451, as amended; 16 U.S.C. 718a).
              (c) National wildlife refuges. The provisions of this part are in addition to, and are not in lieu of, any other provision of law respecting migratory game birds under the National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966 (80 Stat. 927, as amended; 16 U.S.C. 668dd) or any regulation made pursuant thereto.
              (d) State Laws for the protection of migratory birds. No statute or regulation of any State shall be construed to relieve a person from the restrictions, conditions, and requirements contained in this part, however, nothing in this part shall be construed to prevent the several States from making and enforcing laws or regulations not inconsistent with these regulations and the conventions between the United States and any foreign country for the protection of migratory birds or with the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, or which shall give further protection to migratory game birds.
              (e) Migratory bird subsistence harvest in Alaska. The provisions of this part, except for paragraphs (a) through (d) of this section, are not applicable to the regulations governing the migratory bird subsistence harvest in Alaska (part 92 of this subchapter) unless specifically referenced in part 92 of subchapter G of this chapter.
              [38 FR 22021, Aug. 15, 1973, as amended at 68 FR 43027, July 21, 2003]

            Subpart B—Definitions

              § 20.11
              What terms do I need to understand?
              For the purpose of this part, the following terms shall be construed, respectively, to mean and to include:
              (a) Migratory game birds means those migratory birds included in the terms of conventions between the United States and any foreign country for the protection of migratory birds, for which open seasons are prescribed in this part and belong to the following families:
              (1) Anatidae (ducks, geese [including brant] and swans);
              (2) Columbidae (doves and pigeons);
              (3) Gruidae (cranes);
              (4) Rallidae (rails, coots and gallinules); and
              (5) Scolopacidae (woodcock and snipe).
              A list of migratory birds protected by the international conventions and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act appears in § 10.13 of this subchapter.
              (b) Seasons—(1) Open season means the days on which migratory game birds may lawfully be taken. Each period precribed as an open season shall be construed to include the first and last days thereof.
              (2) Closed season means the days on which migratory game birds shall not be taken.
              (c) Bag limits—(1) Aggregate bag limit means a condition of taking in which two or more usually similar species may be bagged (reduced to possession) by the hunter in predetermined or unpredetermined quantities to satisfy a maximum take limit.
              (2) Daily bag limit means the maximum number of migratory game birds of single species or combination (aggregate) of species permitted to be taken by one person in any one day during the open season in any one specified geographic area for which a daily bag limit is prescribed.
              (3) Aggregate daily bag limit means the maximum number of migratory game birds permitted to be taken by one person in any one day during the open season when such person hunts in more than one specified geographic area and/or for more than one species for which a combined daily bag limit is prescribed. The aggregate daily bag limit is equal to, but shall not exceed, the largest daily bag limit prescribed for any one species or for any one specified geographic area in which taking occurs.
              (4) Possession limit means the maximum number of migratory game birds of a single species or a combination of species permitted to be possessed by any one person when lawfully taken in the United States in any one specified geographic area for which a possession limit is prescribed.
              (5) Aggregate possession limit means the maximum number of migratory game birds of a single species or combination of species taken in the United States permitted to be possessed by any one person when taking and possession occurs in more than one specified geographic area for which a possession limit is prescribed. The aggegate possession limit is equal to, but shall not exceed, the largest possession limit prescribed for any one of the species or specified geographic areas in which taking and possession occurs.
              (d) Personal abode means one's principal or ordinary home or dwelling place, as distinguished from one's temporary or transient place of abode or dwelling such as a hunting club, or any club house, cabin, tent or trailer house used as a hunting club, or any hotel, motel or rooming house used during a hunting, pleasure or business trip.
              (e) Migratory bird preservation facility means:
              (1) Any person who, at their residence or place of business and for hire or other consideration; or
              (2) Any taxidermist, cold-storage facility or locker plant which, for hire or other consideration; or
              (3) Any hunting club which, in the normal course of operations; receives, possesses, or has in custody any migratory game birds belonging to another person for purposes of picking, cleaning, freezing, processing, storage or shipment.
              (f) Paraplegic means an individual afflicted with paralysis of the lower half of the body with involvement of both legs, usually due to disease of or injury to the spinal cord.
              (g) Normal agricultural planting, harvesting, or post-harvest manipulation means a planting or harvesting undertaken for the purpose of producing and gathering a crop, or manipulation after such harvest and removal of grain, that is conducted in accordance with official recommendations of State Extension Specialists of the Cooperative Extension Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
              (h) Normal agricultural operation means a normal agricultural planting, harvesting, post-harvest manipulation, or agricultural practice, that is conducted in accordance with official recommendations of State Extension Specialists of the Cooperative Extension Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
              (i) Normal soil stabilization practice means a planting for agricultural soil erosion control or post-mining land reclamation conducted in accordance with official recommendations of State Extension Specialists of the Cooperative Extension Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture for agricultural soil erosion control.
              (j) Baited area means any area on which salt, grain, or other feed has been placed, exposed, deposited, distributed, or scattered, if that salt, grain, or other feed could serve as a lure or attraction for migratory game birds to, on, or over areas where hunters are attempting to take them. Any such area will remain a baited area for ten days following the complete removal of all such salt, grain, or other feed.
              (k) Baiting means the direct or indirect placing, exposing, depositing, distributing, or scattering of salt, grain, or other feed that could serve as a lure or attraction for migratory game birds to, on, or over any areas where hunters are attempting to take them.
              (l) Manipulation means the alteration of natural vegetation or agricultural crops by activities that include but are not limited to mowing, shredding, discing, rolling, chopping, trampling, flattening, burning, or herbicide treatments. The term manipulation does not include the distributing or scattering of grain, seed, or other feed after removal from or storage on the field where grown.
              (m) Rice ratooning means the agricultural practice of harvesting rice by cutting the majority of the aboveground portion of the rice plant but leaving the roots and growing shoot apices intact to allow the plant to recover and produce a second crop yield.
              (n) Post-disaster flooding means the destruction of a crop through flooding in accordance with practices required by the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation for agricultural producers to obtain crop insurance under the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.) on land on which a crop was not harvestable due to a natural disaster (including any hurricane, storm, tornado, flood, high water, wind-driven water, tidal wave, tsunami, earthquake, volcanic eruption, landslide, mudslide, drought, fire, snowstorm, or other catastrophe that is declared a major disaster by the President in accordance with section 401 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170)) in the crop year—
              (1) In which the natural disaster occurred; or
              (2) Immediately preceding the crop year in which the natural disaster occurred.
              (o) Natural vegetation means any non-agricultural, native, or naturalized plant species that grows at a site in response to planting or from existing seeds or other propagules. The term natural vegetation does not include planted millet. However, planted millet that grows on its own in subsequent years after the year of planting is considered natural vegetation.

              (p) Resident Canada geese means Canada geese that nest within the lower 48 States and the District of Columbia or that reside within the lower 48 States and the District of Columbia in the months of April, May, June, July, or August.
              [53 FR 24290, June 28, 1988, as amended at 64 FR 29804, June 3, 1999; 71 FR 45986, Aug. 10, 2006; 72 FR 46407, Aug. 20, 2007; 84 FR 28773, June 20, 2019; 84 FR 38885, Aug. 8, 2019]

            Subpart C—Taking

              § 20.20
              Migratory Bird Harvest Information Program.
              (a) Information collection requirements. The collections of information contained in § 20.20 have been approved by the Office of Management and Budget under 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. and assigned clearance number 1018-0015. An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. The information will be used to provide a sampling frame for the national Migratory Bird Harvest Survey. Response is required from licensed hunters to obtain the benefit of hunting migratory game birds. Public reporting burden for this information is estimated to average 2 minutes per response for 3,300,000 respondents, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Thus the total annual reporting and record-keeping burden for this collection is estimated to be 112,000 hours. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to the Service's Information Collection Clearance Officer at the address provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b).
              (b) General provisions. Each person hunting migratory game birds in any State except Hawaii must have identified himself or herself as a migratory bird hunter and given his or her name, address, and date of birth to the respective State hunting licensing authority and must have on his or her person evidence, provided by that State, of compliance with this requirement.
              (c) Tribal exemptions. Nothing in paragraph (b) of this section shall apply to tribal members on Federal Indian Reservations or to tribal members hunting on ceded lands.
              (d) State exemptions. Nothing in paragraph (b) of this section shall apply to those hunters who are exempt from State-licensing requirements in the State in which they are hunting.
              (e) State responsibilities. The State hunting licensing authority will ask each licensed migratory bird hunter in the respective State to report approximately how many ducks, geese, doves, and woodcock he or she bagged the previous year, whether he or she hunted coots, snipe, rails, and/or gallinules the previous year, and, in States that have band-tailed pigeon hunting seasons, whether he or she intends to hunt band-tailed pigeons during the current year.
              [58 FR 15098, Mar. 19, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 53336, Oct. 21, 1994; 61 FR 46352, Aug. 30, 1996; 62 FR 45708, Aug. 28, 1997; 63 FR 46401, Sept. 1, 1998; 79 FR 43965, July 29, 2014]

              § 20.21
              What hunting methods are illegal?

              Migratory birds on which open seasons are prescribed in this part may be taken by any method except those prohibited in this section. No persons shall take migratory game birds:

              (a) With a trap, snare, net, rifle, pistol, swivel gun, shotgun larger than 10 gauge, punt gun, battery gun, machinegun, fish hook, poison, drug, explosive, or stupefying substance;
              (b) With a shotgun of any description capable of holding more than three shells, unless it is plugged with a one-piece filler, incapable of removal without disassembling the gun, so its total capacity does not exceed three shells. However, this restriction does not apply during:
              (1) A light-goose-only season (greater and lesser snow geese and Ross' geese) when all other waterfowl and crane hunting seasons, excluding falconry, are closed.
              (2) A Canada goose only season when all other waterfowl and crane hunting seasons, excluding falconry, are closed in the Atlantic, Central, and Mississippi Flyway portions of Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming, as set forth below:
              (i) During the period of September 1 to September 15, when approved in the annual regulatory schedule in subpart K of this part; and
              (ii) During the period of September 16 to September 30, when approved in the annual regulatory schedule in subpart K of this part.
              (c) From or by means, aid, or use of a sinkbox or any other type of low floating device, having a depression affording the hunter a means of concealment beneath the surface of the water;
              (d) From or by means, aid, or use of any motor vehicle, motor-driven land conveyance, or aircraft of any kind, except that paraplegics and persons missing one or both legs may take from any stationary motor vehicle or stationary motor-driven land conveyance;

              (e) From or by means of any motorboat or other craft having a motor attached, or any sailboat, unless the motor has been completely shut off and/or the sails furled, and its progress therefrom has ceased: Provided, That a craft under power may be used to retrieve dead or crippled birds; however, crippled birds may not be shot from such craft under power except in the seaduck area as permitted in subpart K of this part;
              (f) By the use or aid of live birds as decoys; although not limited to, it shall be a violation of this paragraph for any person to take migratory waterfowl on an area where tame or captive live ducks or geese are present unless such birds are and have been for a period of 10 consecutive days prior to such taking, confined within an enclosure which substantially reduces the audibility of their calls and totally conceals such birds from the sight of wild migratory waterfowl;
              (g) By the use or aid of recorded or electrically amplified bird calls or sounds, or recorded or electrically amplified imitations of bird calls or sounds. However, this restriction does not apply during:
              (1) A light-goose-only season (greater and lesser snow geese and Ross' geese) when all other waterfowl and crane hunting seasons, excluding falconry, are closed.
              (2) A Canada goose only season when all other waterfowl and crane hunting seasons, excluding falconry, are closed in the Atlantic, Central, and Mississippi Flyway portions of Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming, as set forth below:
              (i) During the period of September 1 to September 15, when approved in the annual regulatory schedule in subpart K of this part; and

              (ii) During the period of September 16 to September 30, when approved in the annual regulatory schedule in subpart K of this part.
              (h) By means or aid of any motordriven land, water, or air conveyance, or any sailboat used for the purpose of or resulting in the concentrating, driving, rallying, or stirring up of any migratory bird;
              (i) By the aid of baiting, or on or over any baited area, where a person knows or reasonably should know that the area is or has been baited. However, nothing in this paragraph prohibits:
              (1) the taking of any migratory game bird, including waterfowl, coots, and cranes, on or over the following lands or areas that are not otherwise baited areas—
              (i) Standing crops or flooded standing crops (including aquatics); standing, flooded, or manipulated natural vegetation; flooded harvested croplands; or lands or areas where seeds or grains have been scattered solely as the result of a normal agricultural planting, harvesting, post-harvest manipulation, rice ratooning, post-disaster flooding, or normal soil stabilization practice;
              (ii) From a blind or other place of concealment camouflaged with natural vegetation;
              (iii) From a blind or other place of concealment camouflaged with vegetation from agricultural crops, as long as such camouflaging does not result in the exposing, depositing, distributing or scattering of grain or other feed; or
              (iv) Standing or flooded standing agricultural crops where grain is inadvertently scattered solely as a result of a hunter entering or exiting a hunting area, placing decoys, or retrieving downed birds.
              (2) The taking of any migratory game bird, except waterfowl, coots and cranes, on or over lands or areas that are not otherwise baited areas, and where grain or other feed has been distributed or scattered solely as the result of manipulation of an agricultural crop or other feed on the land where grown, or solely as the result of a normal agricultural operation.
              (j)(1) While possessing loose shot for muzzle loading or shotshells containing other than the following approved shot types.

                  Approved shot type*
                  Percent composition by weight
                  Field testing device**

                  Bismuth-tin
                  97 bismuth, and 3 tin
                  Hot Shot®***

                  Iron (steel)
                  iron and carbon
                  Magnet or Hot Shot®.

                  Iron-tungsten
                  any proportion of tungsten, and ≥1 iron
                  Magnet or Hot Shot®.

                  Iron-tungsten-nickel
                  ≥1 iron, any proportion of tungsten, and up to 40 nickel
                  Magnet or Hot Shot®.

                  Copper-clad iron
                  84 to 56.59 iron core, with copper cladding up to 44.1 of the shot mass
                  Magnet or Hot Shot®

                  Corrosion-inhibited copper
                  ≥99.9 copper with benzotriazole and thermoplastic fluorescent powder coatings
                  Ultraviolet Light.

                  Tungsten-bronze
                  51.1 tungsten, 44.4 copper, 3.9 tin, and 0.6 iron, or 60 tungsten, 35.1 copper, 3.9 tin, and 1 iron
                  Rare Earth Magnet.

                  Tungsten-iron-copper-nickel
                  40-76 tungsten, 10-37 iron, 9-16 copper, and 5-7 nickel
                  Hot Shot® or Rare Earth Magnet.

                  Tungsten-matrix
                  95.9 tungsten, 4.1 polymer
                  Hot Shot®.

                  Tungsten-polymer
                  95.5 tungsten, 4.5 Nylon 6 or 11
                  Hot Shot®.

                  Tungsten-tin-iron
                  any proportions of tungsten and tin, and ≥1 iron
                  Magnet or Hot Shot®.

                  Tungsten-tin-bismuth
                  any proportions of tungsten, tin, and bismuth
                  Rare Earth Magnet.

                  Tungsten-tin-iron-nickel
                  65 tungsten, 21.8 tin, 10.4 iron, and 2.8 nickel
                  Magnet.

                  Tungsten-iron-polymer
                  41.5-95.2 tungsten, 1.5-52.0 iron, and 3.5-8.0 fluoropolymer
                  Rare Earth Magnet or Hot Shot®.

                * Coatings of copper, nickel, tin, zinc, zinc chloride, zinc chrome, fluoropolymers, and fluorescent thermoplastic on approved nontoxic shot types also are approved.
                ** The information in the “Field Testing Device” column is strictly informational, not regulatory.
                *** The “HOT*SHOT” field testing device is from Stream Systems of Concord, CA.

              (2) Each approved shot type must contain less than 1 percent residual lead (see § 20.134).

              (3) This shot type restriction applies to the taking of ducks, geese (including brant), swans, coots (Fulica americana), and any other species that make up aggregate bag limits with these migratory game birds during concurrent seasons in areas described in § 20.108 as nontoxic shot zones.
              [38 FR 22021, Aug. 15, 1973, as amended at 38 FR 22896, Aug. 27, 1973; 44 FR 2599, Jan. 12, 1979; 45 FR 70275, Oct. 23, 1980; 49 FR 4079, Feb. 2, 1984; 52 FR 27364, July 21, 1987; 53 FR 24290, June 28, 1988; 60 FR 64, Jan. 3, 1995; 60 FR 43316, Aug. 18, 1995; 61 FR 42494, Aug. 15, 1996; 62 FR 43447, Aug. 13, 1997; 64 FR 29804, June 3, 1999; 64 FR 32780, June 17, 1999; 64 FR 45405, Aug. 19, 1999; 64 FR 71237, Dec. 20, 1999; 65 FR 53940, Sept. 6, 2000; 66 FR 742, Jan. 4, 2001; 66 FR 32265, June 14, 2001; 68 FR 1392, Jan. 10, 2003; 69 FR 48165, Aug. 9, 2004; 70 FR 49196, Aug. 23, 2005; 71 FR 4297, Jan. 26, 2006; 71 FR 45986, Aug. 10, 2006; 72 FR 46407, Aug. 20, 2007; 73 FR 65277, Nov. 3, 2008; 73 FR 70914, Nov. 24, 2008; 74 FR 53671, Oct. 20, 2009; 74 FR 57615, Nov. 9, 2009; 78 FR 65575, Nov. 1, 2013; 82 FR 51362, Nov. 6, 2017; 84 FR 38885, Aug. 8, 2019]

              § 20.22
              Closed seasons.
              No person shall take migratory game birds during the closed season except as provided in part 21 of this chapter.
              [73 FR 65951, Nov. 5, 2008]

              § 20.23
              Shooting hours.
              No person shall take migratory game birds except during the hours open to shooting as prescribed in subpart K of this part and subpart E of part 21 of this chapter.
              [73 FR 65951, Nov. 5, 2008]

              § 20.24
              Daily limit.
              No person shall take in any 1 calendar day, more than the daily bag limit or aggregate daily bag limit, whichever applies.
              [38 FR 22021, Aug. 15, 1973, as amended at 38 FR 22626, Aug. 23, 1973]

              § 20.25
              Wanton waste of migratory game birds.
              No person shall kill or cripple any migratory game bird pursuant to this part without making a reasonable effort to retrieve the bird, and retain it in his actual custody, at the place where taken or between that place and either (a) his automobile or principal means of land transportation; or (b) his personal abode or temporary or transient place of lodging; or (c) a migratory bird preservation facility; or (d) a post office; or (e) a common carrier facility.
              [41 FR 31536, July 29, 1976]

              § 20.26
              Emergency closures.
              (a) The Director may close or temporarily suspend any season established under subpart K of this part:
              (1) Upon a finding that a continuation of such a season would constitute an imminent threat to the safety of any endangered or threatened species or other migratory bird populations.
              (2) Upon issuance of local public notice by such means as publication in local newspapers of general circulation, posting of the areas affected, notifying the State wildlife conservation agency, and announcement on local radio and television.

              (b) Any such closure or temporary suspension shall be announced by publication of a notice to that effect in the Federal Register simultaneous with the local public notice referred to in paragraph (a)(2) of this section. However, in the event that it is impractical to publish a Federal Register notice simultaneously, due to the restriction in time available and the nature of the particular emergency situation, such notice shall follow the steps outlined in paragraph (a) of this section as soon as possible.

              (c) Any closure or temporary suspension under this section shall be effective on the date of publication of the Federal Register notice; or if such notice is not published simultaneously, then on the date and at the time specified in the local notification to the public. Every notice of closure shall include the date and time of closing of the season and the area or areas affected. In the case of a temporary suspension, the date and time when the season may be resumed shall be provided by a subsequent local notification to the public, and by publication in the Federal Register.

              [41 FR 31536, July 29, 1976]

            Subpart D—Possession

              § 20.31
              Prohibited if taken in violation of subpart C.
              No person shall at any time, by any means, or in any manner, possess or have in custody any migratory game bird or part thereof, taken in violation of any provision of subpart C of this part.

              § 20.32
              During closed season.
              No person shall possess any freshly killed migratory game birds during the closed season.

              § 20.33
              Possession limit.
              No person shall possess more migratory game birds taken in the United States than the possession limit or the aggregate possession limit, whichever applies.

              § 20.34
              Opening day of a season.
              No person on the opening day of the season shall possess any freshly killed migratory game birds in excess of the daily bag limit, or aggregate daily bag limit, whichever applies.

              § 20.35
              Field possession limit.
              No person shall possess, have in custody, or transport more than the daily bag limit or aggregate daily bag limit, whichever applies, of migratory game birds, tagged or not tagged, at or between the place where taken and either (a) his automobile or principal means of land transportation; or (b) his personal abode or temporary or transient place of lodging; or (c) a migratory bird preservation facility; or (d) a post office; or (e) a common carrier facility.
              [41 FR 31536, July 29, 1976]

              § 20.36
              Tagging requirement.
              No person shall put or leave any migratory game birds at any place (other than at his personal abode), or in the custody of another person for picking, cleaning, processing, shipping, transportation, or storage (including temporary storage), or for the purpose of having taxidermy services performed, unless such birds have a tag attached, signed by the hunter, stating his address, the total number and species of birds, and the date such birds were killed. Migratory game birds being transported in any vehicle as the personal baggage of the possessor shall not be considered as being in storage or temporary storage.

              § 20.37
              Custody of birds of another.
              No person shall receive or have in custody any migratory game birds belonging to another person unless such birds are tagged as required by § 20.36.

              § 20.38
              Possession of live birds.
              Every migratory game bird wounded by hunting and reduced to possession by the hunter shall be immediately killed and become a part of the daily bag limit. No person shall at any time, or by any means, possess or transport live migratory game birds taken under authority of this part.

              § 20.39
              Termination of possession.
              Subject to all other requirements of this part, the possession of birds taken by any hunter shall be deemed to have ceased when such birds have been delivered by him to another person as a gift; or have been delivered by him to a post office, a common carrier, or a migratory bird preservation facility and consigned for transport by the Postal Service or a common carrier to some person other than the hunter.
              [41 FR 31537, July 29, 1976]

              § 20.40
              Gift of migratory game birds.
              No person may receive, possess, or give to another, any freshly killed migratory game birds as a gift, except at the personal abodes of the donor or donee, unless such birds have a tag attached, signed by the hunter who took the birds, stating such hunter's address, the total number and species of birds and the date such birds were taken.
              [42 FR 39668, Aug. 5, 1977]

            Subpart E—Transportation Within the United States

              § 20.41
              Prohibited if taken in violation of subpart C.

              No person shall at any time, by any means, or in any manner, transport any migratory game bird or part thereof, taken in violation of any provision of subpart C of this part.

              § 20.42
              Transportation of birds of another.
              No person shall transport migratory game birds belonging to another person unless such birds are tagged as required by § 20.36.

              § 20.43
              Species identification requirement.

              No person shall transport within the United States any migratory game birds, except doves and band-tailed pigeons (Columba fasciata), unless the head or one fully feathered wing remains attached to each such bird at all times while being transported from the place where taken until they have arrived at the personal abode of the possessor or a migratory bird preservation facility.
              [41 FR 31537, July 19, 1976]

              § 20.44
              Marking package or container.
              No person shall transport by the Postal Service or a common carrier migratory game birds unless the package or container in which such birds are transported has the name and address of the shipper and the consignee and an accurate statement of the numbers of each species of birds therein contained clearly and conspicuously marked on the outside thereof.

            Subpart F—Exportation

              § 20.51
              Prohibited if taken in violation of subpart C.
              No person shall at any time, by any means, or in any manner, export or cause to be exported, any migratory game bird or part thereof, taken in violation of any provision of subpart C of this part.

              § 20.52
              Species identification requirement.
              No person shall export migratory game birds unless one fully feathered wing remains attached to each such bird while being transported from the United States and/or any of its possessions to any foreign country.

              § 20.53
              Marking package or container.
              No person shall export migratory game birds via the Postal Service or a common carrier unless the package or container has the name and address of the shipper and the consignee and an accurate statement of the numbers of each species of birds therein contained clearly and conspicuously marked on the outside thereof.

            Subpart G—Importations

              § 20.61
              Importation limits.
              No person shall import migratory game birds in excess of the following importation limits:
              (a) Doves and pigeons. (1) From any foreign country except Mexico, during any one calendar week beginning on Sunday, not to exceed 25 doves, singly or in the aggregate of all species, and 10 pigeons, singly or in the aggregate of all species.

              (2) From Mexico, not to exceed the maximum number permitted by Mexican authorities to be taken in any one day: Provided, That if the importer has his Mexican hunting permit date-stamped by appropriate Mexican wildlife authorities on the first day he hunts in Mexico, he may import the applicable Mexican possession limit corresponding to the days actually hunted during that particular trip.
              (b) Waterfowl. (1) From any foreign country except Canada and Mexico, during any one calendar week beginning on Sunday, not to exceed 10 ducks, singly or in the aggregate of all species, and five geese including brant, singly or in the aggregate of all species.
              (2) From Canada, not to exceed the maximum number permitted to be exported by Canadian authorities.

              (3) From Mexico, not to exceed the maximum number permitted by Mexican authorities to be taken in any one day: Provided, That if the importer has his Mexican hunting permit date-stamped by appropriate Mexican wildlife authorities on the first day he hunts in Mexico, he may import the applicable Mexican possession limit corresponding to the days actually hunted during that particular trip.
              [40 FR 36346, Aug. 20, 1975]

              § 20.62
              Importation of birds of another.
              No person shall import migratory game birds belonging to another person.

              § 20.63
              Species identification requirement.
              No person shall import migratory game birds unless each such bird has one fully feathered wing attached, and such wing must remain attached while being transported between the port of entry and the personal abode of the possessor or between the port of entry and a migratory bird preservation facility.
              [41 FR 31537, July 19, 1976]

              § 20.64
              Foreign export permits.
              No person shall import, possess or transport, any migratory game birds killed in a foreign country unless such birds are accompanied by export permits, tags, or other documentation required by applicable foreign laws or regulations.

              § 20.65
              Processing requirement.

              No person shall import migratory game birds killed in any foreign country, except Canada, unless such birds are dressed (except as required in § 20.63), drawn, and the head and feet are removed: Provided, That this shall not prohibit the importation of legally taken, fully feathered migratory game birds consigned for mounting purposes to a taxidermist who holds a current taxidermist permit issued to him pursuant to § 21.24 of this chapter and who is also licensed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture to decontaminate such birds.

              § 20.66
              Marking of package or container.
              No person shall import migratory game birds via the Postal Service or a common carrier unless the package or container has the name and address of the shipper and the consignee and an accurate statement of the numbers of each species of birds therein contained clearly and conspicuously marked on the outside thereof.

            Subpart H—Federal, State, and Foreign Law

              § 20.71
              Violation of Federal law.
              No person shall at any time, by any means or in any manner, take, possess, transport, or export any migratory bird, or any part, nest, or egg of any such bird, in violation of any act of Congress or any regulation issued pursuant thereto.

              § 20.72
              Violation of State law.
              No person shall at any time, by any means or in any manner, take, possess, transport, or export any migratory bird, or any part, nest, or egg of any such bird, in violation of any applicable law or regulation of any State.

              § 20.73
              Violation of foreign law.
              No person shall at any time, by any means, or in any manner, import, possess, or transport, any migratory bird, or any part, nest, or egg of any such bird taken, bought, sold, transported, possessed, or exported contrary to any applicable law or regulation of any foreign country, or State or province thereof.

            Subpart I—Migratory Bird Preservation Facilities

              § 20.81
              Tagging requirement.
              No migratory bird preservation facility shall receive or have in custody any migratory game birds unless such birds are tagged as required by § 20.36.
              [41 FR 31537, July 29, 1976]

              § 20.82
              Records required.
              (a) No migratory bird preservation facility shall:

              (1) Receive or have in custody any migratory game bird unless accurate records are maintained which can identify each bird received by, or in the custody of, the facility by the name of the person from whom the bird was obtained, and show (i) the number of each species; (ii) the location where taken; (iii) the date such birds were received; (iv) the name and address of the person from whom such birds were received; (v) the date such birds were disposed of; and (vi) the name and address of the person to whom such birds were delivered, or
              (2) Destroy any records required to be maintained under this section for a period of 1 year following the last entry on the record.
              (b) Record keeping as required by this section will not be necessary at hunting clubs which do not fully process migratory birds by removal of both the head and wings.
              [41 FR 38510, Sept. 10, 1976]

              § 20.83
              Inspection of premises.
              No migratory bird preservation facility shall prevent any person authorized to enforce this part from entering such facilities at all reasonable hours and inspecting the records and the premises where such operations are being carried.
              [41 FR 31537, July 19, 1976]

            Subpart J—Feathers or Skins

              § 20.91
              Commercial use of feathers.
              Any person may possess, purchase, sell, barter, or transport for the making of fishing flies, bed pillows, and mattresses, and for similar commercial uses the feathers of migratory waterfowl (ducks, geese, brant, and swans) killed by hunting pursuant to this part, or seized and condemned by Federal or State game authorities, except that:
              (a) No person shall purchase, sell, barter, or offer to purchase, sell, or barter for millinery or ornamental use the feathers of migratory game birds taken under authority of this part; and
              (b) No person shall purchase, sell, barter, or offer to purchase, sell, or barter mounted specimens of migratory game birds taken under authority of this part.
              [38 FR 22021, Aug. 15, 1973, as amended at 45 FR 70275, Oct. 23, 1980]

              § 20.92
              Personal use of feathers or skins.
              Any person for his own use may possess, transport, ship, import, and export without a permit the feathers and skins of lawfully taken migratory game birds.

            Subpart K—Annual Seasons, Limits, and Shooting Hours Schedules

              § 20.100
              General provisions.
              (a) The taking, possession, transportation, and other uses of migratory game birds by hunters is generally prohibited unless it is specifically provided for under regulations developed in accordance with the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. Consequently, hunting is prohibited unless regulatory schedules are established for seasons, daily bag and possession limits, and shooting (or hawking) hours. Migratory game bird population levels, including production and habitat conditions, vary annually. These conditions differ over North America, and within the United States, by flyways, States, and frequently areas within States. Thus, it is necessary to make annual adjustments in the schedules to limit the harvests of migratory game birds to permissible levels.
              (b) The development of these schedules involves annual data gathering programs to determine migratory game bird population status and trends, evaluations of habitat conditions, harvest information, and other factors having a bearing on the anticipated size of the fall flights of these birds. The proposed hunting schedules are announced early in the spring, and following consideration of additional information as it becomes available, as well as public comment, they are modified and published as supplemental proposals. These are also open to public comment. Public hearings are held for the purpose of providing additional opportunity for public participation in the rulemaking process.
              [44 FR 7147, Feb. 6, 1979]

              § 20.101
              Seasons, limits and shooting hours for Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

              This section provides for the annual hunting of certain doves, pigeons, ducks, coots, gallinules and snipe in Puerto Rico; and for certain doves, pigeons and ducks in the Virgin Islands. In these Commonwealths, the hunting of waterfowl and coots (and other certain species, as applicable) must be with the use of nontoxic shot beginning in the 1991-92 waterfowl season.
              [53 FR 24290, June 28, 1988]

                Editorial Note:
                For Federal Register citations affecting annual regulatory schedules for this section, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding Aids section of the printed volume and at www.govinfo.gov.

              § 20.102
              Seasons, limits, and shooting hours for Alaska.
              This section provides for the annual hunting of certain waterfowl (ducks, tundra swans, geese, and brant), common snipe, and sandhill cranes in Alaska. In Alaska, the hunting of waterfowl must be with the use of nontoxic shot beginning in the 1991-92 waterfowl season.
              [55 FR 35267, Aug. 28, 1990]

                Editorial Note:
                For Federal Register citations affecting annual regulatory schedules for this section, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding Aids section of the printed volume and at www.govinfo.gov.

              § 20.103
              Seasons, limits, and shooting hours for mourning and white-winged doves and wild pigeons.
              This section provides for the annual hunting of certain doves and pigeons in the 48 contiguous United States. The mourning dove hunting regulations are arranged by the Eastern, Central, and Western Management Units.
              [44 FR 7147, Feb. 6, 1979]

                Editorial Note:
                For Federal Register citations affecting annual regulatory schedules for this section, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding Aids section of the printed volume and at www.govinfo.gov.

              § 20.104
              Seasons, limits, and shooting hours for rails, woodcock, and common (Wilson's) snipe.
              This section provides for the annual hunting of certain rails, woodcock, and snipe in the 48 contiguous United States.
              [44 FR 7148, Feb. 6, 1979]

                Editorial Note:
                For Federal Register citations affecting annual regulatory schedules for this section, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding Aids section of the printed volume and at www.govinfo.gov.

              § 20.105
              Seasons, limits and shooting hours for waterfowl, coots, and gallinules.

              This section provides for the annual hunting of certain waterfowl (ducks, geese [including brant]), coots and gallinules in the 48 contiguous United States. The regulations are arranged by the Atlantic, Mississippi, Central and Pacific Flyways. These regulations often vary within Flyways or States, and by time periods. Those areas of the United States outside of State boundaries, i.e., the United States' territorial waters seaward of county boundaries, and including coastal waters claimed by the separate States, if not already included under the zones contained in § 20.108, are designated for the purposes of § 20.21(j) as nontoxic shot zones for waterfowl hunting beginning in the 1991-92 season.
              [53 FR 24290, June 28, 1988, as amended at 56 FR 22102, May 13, 1991]

                Editorial Note:
                For Federal Register citations affecting annual regulatory schedules for this section, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding Aids section of the printed volume and at www.govinfo.gov.

              § 20.106
              Seasons, limits, and shooting hours for sandhill cranes.
              This section provides for the annual hunting of sandhill cranes in designated portions of the 48 contiguous United States.
              [55 FR 35267, Aug. 28, 1990]

                Editorial Note:
                For Federal Register citations affecting annual regulatory schedules for this section, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding Aids section of the printed volume and at www.govinfo.gov.

              § 20.107
              Seasons, limits, and shooting hours for tundra swans.
              This section provides for the annual hunting of tundra swans in designated portions of the 48 contiguous United States.
              [55 FR 39829, Sept. 28, 1990]

                Editorial Note:
                For Federal Register citations affecting annual regulatory schedules for this section, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding Aids section of the printed volume and at www.govinfo.gov.

              § 20.108
              Nontoxic shot zones.
              Beginning September 1, 1991, the contiguous 48 United States, and the States of Alaska and Hawaii, the Territories of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, and the territorial waters of the United States, are designated for the purpose of § 20.21(j) as nontoxic shot zones for hunting waterfowl, coots and certain other species. “Certain other species” refers to those species, other than waterfowl or coots, that are affected by reason of being included in aggregate bags and concurrent seasons.
              [56 FR 22102, May 13, 1991]

              § 20.109
              Extended seasons, limits, and hours for taking migratory game birds by falconry.
              This section provides annual regulations by which falconers may take permitted migratory game birds.
              [44 FR 7148, Feb. 6, 1979]

                Editorial Note:
                For Federal Register citations affecting annual regulatory schedules for this section, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding Aids section of the printed volume and at www.govinfo.gov.

              § 20.110
              Seasons, limits, and other regulations for certain Federal Indian reservations, Indian Territory, and ceded lands.
              This section provides for establishing annual migratory bird hunting regulations for certain tribes on Federal Indian reservations, Indian Territory, and ceded lands.
              [50 FR 35764, Sept. 3, 1985]

                Editorial Note:
                For Federal Register citations affecting annual regulatory schedules for this section, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding Aids section of the printed volume and at www.govinfo.gov.

            Subpart L—Administrative and Miscellaneous Provisions

              § 20.131
              Extension of seasons.
              Whenever the Secretary shall find that emergency State action to prevent forest fires in any extensive area has resulted in the shortening of the season during which the hunting of any species of migratory game bird is permitted and that compensatory extension or reopening the hunting season for such birds will not result in a diminution of the abundance of birds to any greater extent than that contemplated for the original hunting season, the hunting season for the birds so affected may, subject to all other provisions of this subchapter, be extended or reopened by the Secretary upon request of the chief officer of the agency of the State exercising administration over wildlife resources. The length of the extended or reopened season in no event shall exceed the number of days during which hunting has been so prohibited. The extended or reopened season will be publicly announced.

              § 20.132
              Subsistence use in Alaska.
              In Alaska, any person may, for subsistence purposes, take, possess, and transport, in any manner, from September 1 through April 1, snowy owls and cormorants for food and their skins for clothing, but birds and their parts may not be sold or offered for sale.
              [68 FR 43027, July 21, 2003]

              § 20.133
              Hunting regulations for crows.
              (a) Crows may be taken, possessed, transported, exported, or imported, only in accordance with such laws or regulations as may be prescribed by a State pursuant to this section.
              (b) Except in the State of Hawaii, where no crows shall be taken, States may by statute or regulation prescribe a hunting season for crows. Such State statutes or regulations may set forth the method of taking, the bag and possession limits, the dates and duration of the hunting season, and such other regulations as may be deemed appropriate, subject to the following limitations for each State:
              (1) Crows shall not be hunted from aircraft;
              (2) The hunting season or seasons on crows shall not exceed a total of 124 days during a calendar year;
              (3) Hunting shall not be permitted during the peak crow nesting period within a State; and
              (4) Crows may only be taken by firearms, bow and arrow, and falconry.

              § 20.134
              Approval of nontoxic shot types and shot coatings.
              The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service conducts a process to approve shot material determined not to impose a significant toxicity danger to migratory birds and other wildlife or their habitats. The regulations in this section set forth the approval process. Upon receipt of an application and supporting data submitted in accordance with this section, the Service will review the application materials together with all other relevant available evidence, including public comment. If the Director concludes that the spent shot material will not present a significant toxicity danger to migratory birds and other wildlife or their habitats, we will add the shot material to the list of approved nontoxic shot materials at 50 CFR 20.21(j).
              (a) Information collection approval. The Office of Management and Budget approved the information collection requirements contained in this section under 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. and assigned OMB Control No. 1018-0067. We collect this information so that we can conduct a methodical and objective review of a shot type you submit as nontoxic for hunting waterfowl. An agency may not conduct or sponsor and you are not required to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. You may submit comments on this information collection to the Service Information Collection Officer, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1849 C Street NW., Washington, DC 20240.
              (b) Limitations on nontoxic shot type approval. We will not approve as nontoxic any shot type or shot coating with a lead content of 1 percent or more.
              (1) Before we will approve any shot type or shot coating as nontoxic, a shotshell loaded with the shot type or coated shot must be demonstrated to be identifiable as not being lead in a portable field testing device for use by enforcement officers.
              (2) The testing device can be regular magnets, rare-earth magnets, or the “HOT*SHOT” field-testing device from Stream Systems of Concord, CA. We will consider other field-testing devices that may be readily available to law enforcement officers.
              (c) Application submission and review. We use a 3-tier strategy for approval of nontoxic shot types and shot coatings. You must submit any application for approval under this section with supporting documentation in accordance with the following procedures and must include at least the supporting materials and information for Tier 1 in the approval system. If your application is not complete, we will return it to you with an explanation of the additional information we need to initiate review of your submission.
              (d) Tier 1 application fee. The fee for consideration of a Tier 1 application is $1,630. Submit the fee, payable to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, with your application.
              (e) Tier 1 application. If you wish to submit a shot type or shot coating for consideration as nontoxic for waterfowl hunting, you must provide statements of use, chemical characterization, production variability, volume of use of the candidate material, and a sample of the shot or shot coating.
              (1) Provide a statement of how you propose to use the candidate material in creating waterfowl hunting shotshells.
              (2) Provide a description of the chemical composition of the material comprising the shot.
              (i) Provide the chemical names, Chemical Abstracts Service numbers (consult the American Chemical Society), and structures of the components of the shot.
              (ii) Provide a chemical characterization for organics and organometallics for the core and/or coating, including the empirical formula, melting point, molecular weight, solubility, specific gravity, partition coefficients, hydrolysis half-life, leaching rate in water and in soil, degradation half-life, vapor pressure, stability, and other relevant characteristics for each component.
              (iii) Provide data on the composition, weight, and sectional density of the shot material.

              (iv) Provide data on the thickness, quantity in milligrams (mg) per shot, and chemical composition of any coating on the shot.

              (3) Provide documentation that the shot can be readily identified as nontoxic with a standard field shotshell testing device.
              (4) Provide a statement of the hardness of the candidate shot type and the method used to determine the hardness.
              (5) Provide a statement of the expected variability of shot during production.
              (6) Provide an estimate of yearly volume of candidate shot type and/or coated shot expected to be produced for use in hunting migratory birds in the United States.
              (7) Provide 5 pounds (approximately 2.18 kilograms (kg)) of the candidate shot type or shot with the proposed coating in size equivalent to U.S. standard size No. 4 of 0.13 inches (approximately 3.3 millimeters (mm)) in diameter.
              (i) We or an independent laboratory may analyze the composition of the shot or the shot coating.
              (ii) We will reject your application if the composition of the shot or shot coating differs substantially from what you describe in your application.
              (f) Toxicological effects. You must provide information on the toxicological effects of the shot or any coating on it.
              (1) Provide a summary of the acute and chronic toxicity data of the metals or compounds in the shot or the shot coating, ranking the toxicity of each. Use the following criteria to assess the toxicity of the shot or shot coating. These criteria are based on the estimated median lethal dose of the candidate shot type or shot coating. That is, the statistically derived single dose estimate of the candidate material that can be expected to cause death in 50 percent of the animals tested (LD50).

                  If the LD50 is
                  the material is considered

                  no more than 5 mg/kg,
                  super toxic.

                  over 5 to 50 mg/kg,
                  extremely toxic.

                  over 50 to 500 mg/kg,
                  very toxic.

                  over 500 to 5,000 mg/kg,
                  moderately toxic.

                  over 5,000 to 15,000 mg/kg,
                  slightly toxic.

                  over 15,000 mg/kg,
                  nontoxic.

              (2) Provide a summary of known acute, chronic, and reproductive toxicological data of the chemicals comprising the shot or shot coating with respect to birds, particularly waterfowl. Include LD50 or LC50 (concentrations in water lethal to 50 percent of test populations) data, and sublethal effects, with citations.
              (3) Provide a narrative description, with citations to relevant data, predicting the toxic effect in waterfowl of complete erosion and absorption of one shot or coated shot in a 24-hour period. Define the nature of the toxic effect, such as mortality, impaired reproduction, substantial weight loss, disorientation, or other relevant associated clinical observations.
              (4) Provide a statement with supporting rationale and citations to relevant data about whether ingestion of the shot or shot coating by invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, or mammals is cause for concern. If there is a recognized impact on invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, or mammals, we reserve the right to require additional study of the shot or shot coating.
              (g) Environmental fate and transport. You must provide information on the environmental fate and transport, if any, of the shot and any coating on it.
              (1) Provide a statement describing any chemical or physical alteration of the shot and shot coating upon firing.
              (2) Provide an estimate of the environmental half-life of the organic or organometallic components of the shot and shot coating, and a description of the chemical form of the breakdown products of the component(s).
              (3) For each metal or other component of the shot or shot coating, determine the Estimated Environmental Concentration (EEC).
              (i) Determine the EEC in a terrestrial ecosystem if 69,000 U.S. standard size No. 4 shot of 0.13 in (3.3 mm) in diameter are completely dissolved in 1 hectare (ha) (107,639 square feet (ft2)) of soil 5 centimeters (cm) (1.97 in) deep. Assess whether the EEC would exceed the clean soil standards for the Use or Disposal of Sewage Sludge at 40 CFR part 503. Explain how the estimated EEC relates to the toxicity thresholds for plants, invertebrates, and other wildlife.

              (ii) Determine the EEC in an aquatic ecosystem if 69,000 U.S. standard size No. 4 shot of 0.13 in (3.3 mm) in diameter are completely dissolved in 1 ha, or 107,639 ft2, of water 1 ft (30.48 cm) deep. Express the calculated concentrations in standard units such as micrograms per liter, for water with pH of 6.5 to 9.0. Explain how the estimated EEC compares to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Water Quality Criteria and toxicity thresholds in plants, invertebrates, fish, and wildlife.
              (4) Conduct a risk assessment using the Quotient Method. Calculate the risk of the submitted shot material, the EEC/the Toxicological Level of Concern. For example, compare the EEC in parts per million (p/m) to an effect level such as the LD50 in p/m. Use the following criteria to assess the risk of the components of the shot or shot coating.

                  If the risk ratio is
                  then

                  less than 0.1,
                  adverse effects are not likely.

                  0.1 to 10.0,
                  adverse effects are possible.

                  greater than 10.0,
                  adverse effects are likely.

              (h) In vitro evaluation. You must evaluate the candidate shot type or shot coating in a standardized test under conditions that will assess its erosion and any release of components into a liquid medium in an environment simulating the conditions of a waterfowl gizzard (see W.H. Kimball and Z.A. Munir, 1971, The corrosion of lead shot in a simulated waterfowl gizzard, Journal of Wildlife Management 35:360-365) for basic test procedures. Compare the erosion characteristics to those of lead shot and steel shot of comparable size.
              (1) Test materials. You will need appropriate analysis equipment, such as for atomic absorption spectrophotometry or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, a drilled aluminum block to support test tubes, a thermostatically controlled stirring hot plate, small Teflon®-coated magnets, hydrochloric acid of pH 2.0, pepsin, capped test tubes, and U.S. No. 4 lead, steel, and candidate shot type or shot with the proposed coating.
              (2) Test procedures.

              (i) Add hydrochloric acid and pepsin to each capped test tube at a volume and concentration that will erode a single U.S. No. 4 lead shot at the rate of 5 mg per day.
              (ii) Place three test tubes, each containing lead shot, steel shot, or the candidate shot type or shot with the proposed coating in an aluminum block on the stirring hot plate. Add a Teflon®-coated magnet to each test tube and set the hot plate at 42 degrees Centigrade and 500 revolutions per minute.
              (iii) Determine the erosion of shot or shot with the proposed coating daily for 14 consecutive days by weighing the shot and analyzing the digestion solution with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
              (iv) Replicate the 14-day procedure five times.
              (3) Test analyses. Compare erosion rates of the three types of shot by appropriate analysis of variance and regression procedures. The statistical analyses will determine whether the rate of erosion of the shot and/or shot coating is significantly greater or less than that of lead and/or steel shot. This determination is important to any subsequent toxicity testing.
              (i) Tier 1 application review. Upon receipt of your completed Tier 1 application, we will promptly perform an overview. We will notify you within 30 days of receipt that our thorough review of the application will commence, and we will complete our review within 60 days of the date of publication. We will use half of the LD50/ft2 in terrestrial and aquatic systems as the level of concern in evaluating your application.
              (j) Approval after Tier 1 testing. If we determine that the Tier 1 data show that the shot or shot coating does not pose a significant toxicity danger to migratory birds, other wildlife, or their habitats, we will notify you and request payment of a $20,000 final review and publication fee (payable to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service).

              (1) After receipt of payment, we will publish a proposed rule in the Federal Register stating that we intend to approve this shot or shot coating as nontoxic and provide the public with the opportunity to comment on our decision. The proposed rule will include a description of the chemical composition of the shot or shot coating and a synopsis of findings under the standards required by Tier 1.

              (2) If, after considering public comment on the proposed rule, we conclude that the shot or shot coating does not pose a significant toxicity danger to migratory birds, other wildlife, or their habitats, we will approve the shot or coating as nontoxic with publication of a final rule in the Federal Register and addition of the shot or coating to the list in § 20.21(j).
              (k) Additional testing. If we conclude that the Tier 1 data are inconclusive, or if we conclude that the shot or shot coating may pose a significant toxicity danger to migratory birds, other wildlife, or their habitats, we will advise you to proceed with some or all of the additional testing described for Tier 2, Tier 3, or both.
              (1) We will inform you that we consider the Tier 1 test results to be inconclusive. We will request Tier 2, and possibly Tier 3, testing before we evaluate the shot any further.
              (2) If you choose not to do further testing, we will deny approval of the candidate shot type or shot coating.
              (l) Tier 2 application fee. The fee for consideration of a Tier 2 application is $1,530. Submit the fee, payable to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, with your application.
              (m) Tier 2 testing. Your Tier 2 testing procedures must be in compliance with the Good Laboratory Practice Standards (40 CFR part 160) except where they conflict with the requirements in this section or with a provision of an approved plan. We reserve the right for us or an authorized representative to inspect your laboratory facilities. We will not approve the plan and will cease further consideration of the candidate shot type if the laboratory does not meet the Good Laboratory Practice Standards.
              (n) Tier 2 plan review. We will review the Tier 2 testing plan you submit within 30 days of the day on which we receive it. We may decline to approve the plan, or any part of it, if we deem it deficient in any manner with regard to timing, format, or content. We will inform you regarding what parts, if any, of the submitted testing procedures to disregard and any modifications to incorporate into the Tier 2 testing plan to gain plan approval. After we accept your plan, you may conduct Tier 2 testing.
              (o) Tier 2 in vivo evaluation. Conduct a 30-day acute toxicity test in mallards using the following method unless we specify otherwise. The testing should be done in accordance with Good Laboratory Practices Standards at 40 CFR part 160.
              (1) Test materials. You will need 30 male and 30 female hand-reared mallards approximately 6 to 8 months old with plumage and body conformation of wild mallards; 60 elevated outdoor pens equipped with feeders and waterers; a laboratory equipped to perform fluoroscopy, required blood and tissue assays, and necropsies; commercial duck maintenance mash; and lead, steel, and candidate shot type.
              (2) Test procedures.

              (i) House the mallards individually in pens and give them unrestricted access to food and water.
              (ii) After 3 weeks, randomly assign them to 3 groups of 10 males and 10 females per group. Dose each duck with 8 pellets of either U.S. No. 4 lead shot (positive control), steel shot (negative control), or the candidate shot type or shot with the proposed coating.
              (iii) Fluoroscope each bird at 1 week after dosing to check for shot retention.
              (iv) For 30 days, observe the birds daily for signs of intoxication and mortality.
              (v) Determine the body weight for each bird at the time of dosing and at days 15 and 30.
              (vi) On days 15 and 30, collect blood by venipuncture and determine hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and other measures of blood chemistry.
              (vii) Euthanize all survivors on day 30. Remove the liver and other appropriate organs from each bird and those from birds that died prior to day 30.
              (viii) Analyze the organs for lead and compounds contained in the candidate shot type or shot with the proposed coating.
              (ix) Perform a necropsy of all birds to determine any gross and/or microscopic pathological conditions.
              (x) Weigh all recovered shot and determine shot erosion.
              (3) Test analyses.

              (i) Analyze mortality among the specified groups with appropriate statistical procedures, such as chi-square, with α = 0.05, and β = 0.8.

              (ii) Analyze physiological data and tissue contaminant data by analysis of variance or other appropriate statistical procedures to include the factors of shot type and sex, with α = 0.05 and β = 0.8.
              (iii) Compare euthanized birds and birds that died prior to day 30 whenever sample sizes are adequate for meaningful comparison.
              (p) Daphnia and fish early-life toxicity tests. Determine the toxicity of the compounds that comprise the shot or shot coating (at conditions maximizing solubility without adversely affecting controls) to selected invertebrates and fish. These methods are subject to the environmental effects test regulations developed under the authority of the Toxic Substances Control Act (15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.), as follows:
              (1) The first test, the Daphnia (Daphnia species) Acute Toxicity Test, must be conducted in accordance with 40 CFR 797.1300. It provides data on the acute toxicity of chemical substances. The guideline prescribes an acute toxicity test in which Daphnia are exposed to a chemical in static and flow-through systems for assessing the hazard the compound(s) may present to an aquatic environment.
              (2) The second test, the Daphnia Chronic Toxicity Test, must be conducted in accordance with 40 CFR 797.1330. It provides data on the chronic toxicity of chemical substances in which Daphnia are exposed to a chemical in a renewal or flow-through system. The data from this test also are used to assess the hazard that the compound(s) may present to an aquatic environment.
              (3) The third test, the Fish Early-Life-Stage Toxicity Test, must be conducted in accordance with 40 CFR 797.1600. It assesses the adverse effects of chemical substances to fish in the early stages of their growth and development. Data from this test also are used to determine hazards of the compound(s) in an aquatic environment.
              (q) Evaluation of Tier 2 testing. If, after Tier 2 testing, you wish to continue the application process, send the Tier 2 testing results and analyses to us. You must ensure that copies of all the raw data and statistical analyses accompany the laboratory reports and final comprehensive report of this test. We will review the data within 60 days of the day on which we receive your Tier 2 application materials.
              (r) Approval after Tier 2 testing. If we determine that the Tier 2 test data show that the shot or shot coating does not pose a significant toxicity danger to migratory birds, other wildlife, or their habitats, we will notify you and request payment of a $20,000 final review and publication fee (payable to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service).

              (1) After receipt of payment, we will publish a proposed rule in the Federal Register stating that we intend to approve this shot or shot coating and provide the public with the opportunity to comment. The proposed rule will include a description of the chemical composition of the shot or shot coating and a synopsis of findings under the standards required by Tier 2.

              (2) If, at the end of the comment period, we conclude that the shot or shot coating does not pose a significant toxicity danger to migratory birds, other wildlife, or their habitats, we will approve the shot or coating as nontoxic with publication of a final rule in the Federal Register and subsequent addition of the shot or coating to the list in § 20.21(j).
              (s) Additional testing. If we conclude that the Tier 2 data are inconclusive, or if we conclude that the shot or shot coating may pose a significant toxicity danger to migratory birds, other wildlife, or their habitats, or if public comment on the proposed rule indicates that we should require further testing, we will advise you to proceed with the additional testing described for Tier 3. We will require Tier 3 testing before we evaluate the shot any further. If you choose not to do Tier 3 testing, we will deny approval of the candidate shot type or shot coating.
              (t) Tier 3 application fee. The fee for consideration of a Tier 3 application is $1,530. Submit the fee, payable to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, with your application.
              (u) Tier 3 testing. We will review your Tier 3 testing plan within 30 days of the day on which we receive it. All testing procedures in the plan should be in compliance with the Good Laboratory Practice Standards (40 CFR part 160), except where they conflict with the requirements in this section or with a provision of an approved plan. We, or our authorized representative, may elect to inspect your laboratory facilities and may decline to approve the plan and further consideration of the candidate shot type and/or shot coating if the facility is not in compliance with the Good Laboratory Practice Standards.
              (1) We will not approve the plan, or any part of it, if we deem it deficient in any manner with regard to timing, format, or content. We will tell you what parts, if any, of the submitted testing procedure to disregard, and any modifications to incorporate into the Tier 3 plan needed for us to approve it.
              (2) After acceptance of the plan, you may conduct the Tier 3 testing. You must ensure that copies of the raw data and the statistical analyses accompany the laboratory reports and final comprehensive report on this test.
              (i) Chronic toxicity test. This is a long-term toxicity test under depressed temperature conditions using a nutritionally deficient diet. Conduct a chronic exposure test under adverse conditions that complies with the following general guidelines unless we tell you otherwise.
              (A) Test materials. You will need 36 male and 36 female hand-reared mallards approximately 6 to 8 months old with plumage and body conformation of wild mallards; 72 elevated outdoor pens equipped with feeders and waterers; a laboratory equipped to perform fluoroscopy, required blood and tissue assays, and necropsies; whole kernel corn; and lead, steel, and candidate shot type or shot with the proposed coating.
              (B) Test procedures. (1) Conduct this test at a location where the mean monthly low temperature during December through March is between 20 and 40 degrees Fahrenheit (−6.6 and 4.4 degrees Centigrade, respectively).
              (2) Assign individual mallards to elevated outdoor pens during the first week of December and give them an unrestricted diet of whole kernel corn for 2 weeks.
              (3) Randomly assign birds to five groups—a lead group of 4 males and 4 females, and 4 other groups of 8 males and 8 females per group.
              (4) Dose each bird in the lead group (the positive control) with one U.S. No. 4 pellet of lead shot. Dose each bird in one group of 8 males and 8 females with 8 U.S. No. 4 pellets of steel shot (the negative control). Dose each bird in 1 remaining group of 8 males and 8 females with one U.S. No. 4 pellet of the candidate shot type or shot with the proposed coating, each bird in 1 of the remaining 2 groups of 8 males and 8 females with 4 U.S. No. 4 pellets of the candidate shot type or shot with the proposed coating, and each bird in the final group of 8 males and 8 females with 8 U.S. No. 4 pellets of the candidate shot type or shot with the proposed coating.
              (5) Weigh and fluoroscope the birds weekly.
              (6) Weigh all recovered shot and determine shot erosion.
              (7) Determine blood parameters given in the 30-day acute toxicity test. Provide body weight and blood parameter measurements on samples drawn at 24 hours after dosing, and at the end of days 30 and 60.
              (8) Remove the liver and other appropriate organs from all birds that die prior to day 60.
              (9) At the end of 60 days, euthanize all survivors. Remove the liver and other appropriate organs from the euthanized birds. Analyze the organs for lead and other metals in the candidate shot type or shot coating.
              (10) Necropsy all birds that died prior to day 60 to determine any gross and/or microscopic pathological conditions associated with their deaths.
              (C) Test analyses. (1) Analyze mortality among the specified groups with appropriate chi-square statistical procedures. Any effects on the previously mentioned physiological parameters caused by the shot or shot coating must be significantly less than those caused by lead shot and must not be significantly greater than those caused by steel shot, with α = 0.05, and β = 0.8.
              (2) Analyze physiological data and tissue contaminant data by analysis of variance or appropriate statistical procedures to include the factors of shot type, dose, and sex with α = 0.05, and β = 0.8.
              (3) Compare euthanized birds and birds that died prior to being euthanized whenever sample sizes are adequate for a meaningful comparison.
              (ii) Chronic dosing study. This moderately long-term study includes an assessment of reproduction. Conduct a chronic exposure reproduction trial within the following general guidelines unless we tell you otherwise.
              (A) Test materials. You will need 44 male and 44 female hand-reared first-year mallards with plumage and body conformation of wild mallards; pens suitable for quarantine and acclimation and for reasonably holding 5 to 10 ducks each; 44 elevated pens equipped with feeders, waterers, and nest boxes; a laboratory equipped to perform fluoroscopy, required blood and tissue assays, and necropsies; whole kernel corn, and commercial duck maintenance and breeder mash; and U.S. No. 4 lead, steel, and candidate shot type or shot with the proposed coating.
              (B) Test procedures. (1) In December, randomly assign the mallards to 3 groups—a positive control group of 4 males and 4 females that will be tested with lead; a negative control group of 20 males and 20 females that will be tested with steel; and a final group with 20 males and 20 females that will be tested with the candidate shot type or shot with the proposed coating. Hold the ducks in same-sex groups until mid-January. If the test is not conducted in the northern United States or comparable latitudes, the test must be completed in low-temperature units.
              (2) After a 3-week acclimation period in which the ducks are fed with commercial maintenance mash, provide them an unrestricted diet of corn for 60 days and then pair them, put one pair in each pen, and provide them with commercial breeder mash.
              (3) After the acclimation period, dose each bird in the lead group with 1 pellet of U.S. No. 4 lead shot, each bird in one of the groups of 20 males and 20 females with 8 pellets of U.S. No. 4 steel shot, and each bird in the remaining group of 20 males and 20 females with 8 pellets of U.S. No. 4 candidate shot type or shot with the proposed coating.
              (4) Redose each bird with the appropriate shot after 30, 60, and 90 days. Few, if any, of the lead-dosed birds should survive and reproduce.
              (5) Fluoroscope each bird 1 week after dosing it to check for shot retention.
              (6) Weigh each bird the day of initial dosing (day 0), at each subsequent dosing, and at death.
              (7) Collect a blood sample from each bird on the days on which it is dosed and immediately prior to euthanizing it.
              (8) Check nests daily and collect any eggs laid. Note the date of first egg laid and the mean number of days per egg laid. Conclude monitoring of laying after 21 normal, uncracked eggs are laid or after 150 days.
              (9) Collect eggs and discard any eggs laid before pairing.
              (10) Euthanize the adults after they complete laying or after 150 days.
              (11) Remove the liver and other appropriate organs from each euthanized bird and from each bird that dies prior to being euthanized.
              (12) Analyze the organs and the eleventh egg for compounds contained in the shot or shot coating.
              (13) Necropsy all the birds to determine any gross and/or microscopic pathological conditions that affected them.
              (14) Artificially incubate the normal eggs and calculate the percent shell thickness for each (compared to typical shell thickness), the percent of eggs cracked, the percent fertility (as determined by candling), and the percentage of fertile eggs hatched for each female.
              (15) Provide ducklings that hatch with starter mash. Euthanize all ducklings at 14 days of age.
              (16) Determine survival to day 14 and weight of the ducklings at hatching and at being euthanized.
              (17) Measure duckling blood for hemoglobin concentration and other blood chemistries using blood samples drawn when the ducklings are euthanized.
              (C) Test analyses. Any mortality, reproductive inhibition, or effects on physiological parameters due to the shot or shot coating must not be significantly greater than those caused by steel shot. If necessary, transform percentage data with an arcsine, square root, or other suitable transformation prior to statistical analyses. Analyze the physiological and reproductive data with one-tailed t-tests or other appropriate statistical procedures with α = 0.05, and β = 0.8.
              (v) Evaluation of Tier 3 testing. Report the results of your Tier 3 testing to us. We will review the data within 60 days of the day on which we receive your Tier 3 application materials. You must ensure that copies of the raw data and the statistical analyses accompany the laboratory reports and final comprehensive report on this test.
              (w) Approval after Tier 3 testing. If we determine that the Tier 3 test data show that the shot or shot coating does not pose a significant toxicity danger to migratory birds, other wildlife, or their habitats, we will notify you and request payment of a $20,000 final review and publication fee (payable to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service).

              (1) After receipt of payment, we will publish a proposed rule in the Federal Register stating that we intend to approve this shot or shot coating and provide the public with the opportunity to comment. The proposed rule will include a description of the chemical composition of the shot or shot coating and a synopsis of findings under the standards required by Tier 3.

              (2) If, at the end of the comment period, we conclude that the shot or shot coating does not pose a significant toxicity danger to migratory birds, other wildlife, or their habitats, we will approve the shot or coating as nontoxic with publication of a final rule in the Federal Register and subsequent addition of the shot or coating to the list in § 20.21(j).
              (x) Additional testing after Tier 3. If we conclude that the Tier 3 data are inconclusive, or if we conclude that the shot or shot coating may pose a significant toxicity danger to migratory birds, other wildlife, or their habitats, we may ask you to repeat tests we deem inconclusive. If you choose not to repeat the tests, we will deny approval of the candidate shot type or shot coating.
              (y) Denial after Tier 3 testing. If we conclude that the shot or shot coating may pose a significant toxicity danger to migratory birds, other wildlife, or their habitats, we will notify you that we deny approval of the candidate shot type or shot coating.
              (z) Withdrawal of the approval of a shot type or shot coating. If we find that an approved shot type or shot coating is not readily detectable in the field or has environmental effects or direct toxicological effects on biota, we may withdraw our approval of the shot type or shot coating. This includes any previously approved shot type or shot coating.
              (1) We may consult the Service Law Enforcement Laboratory to determine whether any particular shot type or shot coating is readily detectable in the field by law enforcement officers. If the shot type is not readily detectable in the field, we will give the shotshell producer 180 days to remedy the situation by improving either the shot or the detection method.
              (2) We may consider new evidence, consistent with the provisions of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and the Information Quality Act (Pub. L. 106-554, 2001; Office of Management and Budget Guidance, 67 FR 8452-8460, February 22, 2002) that shows that an approved shot type or shot coating has significant environmental effects or direct toxicological effects that were not known when we approved the shot type or shot coating.

              (3) After the 180-day period for a shot type that cannot be tested in the field (see paragraph (z)(1) of this section), or at any time after we learn of significant environmental effects or direct toxicological effects, we will publish a notice in the Federal Register informing manufacturers and the public of our pending withdrawal of the approval of the shot type or shot coating. We will revise the table of approved shot types at § 20.21(j) to reflect the withdrawal of the approval, to be effective on January 1st, after allowing manufacturers 1 full calendar year to prepare for the change.
              [78 FR 78280, Dec. 26, 2013]

            Subpart M [Reserved]

            Subpart N—Special Procedures for Issuance of Annual Hunting Regulations

              Source:
              46 FR 62079, Dec. 22, 1981, unless otherwise noted.

              § 20.151
              Purpose and scope.
              The rules of this subpart N apply to the issuance of the annual regulations establishing seasons, bag limits, and other requirements for the seasonal hunting of migratory birds. The rules of this subpart N do not apply to the issuance of regulations under part 21 of this title or under subparts A through J and L through M of this part 20.

              § 20.152
              Definitions.
              As used in this subpart N:
              (a) Flyway Council means the Atlantic, Mississippi, Central, or Pacific Flyway Council;
              (b) Regulations Committee means the Migratory Bird Regulations Committee of the Fish and Wildlife Service; and
              (c) Significant, as used in reference to a communication or other form of information or data, means related to the merits of the regulation and received, utilized, or transmitted by an official of the Department who is or may reasonably be expected to be involved in the decisional process on the regulation.

              § 20.153
              Regulations committee.
              (a) Notice of meetings. Notice of each meeting of the Regulations Committee to be attended by any person outside the Department will be published in the Federal Register at least two weeks before the meeting. The notice will state the time, place, and general subject(s) of the meeting, as well as the extent of public involvement.
              (b) Public observation and written comment. Each meeting of the Regulations Committee for which notice is published pursuant to paragraph (a) of this section will be open to the public for observation and the submission of written comments.
              (c) Public participation. Except for the mid-summer meetings held in Washington, DC, in conjuction with the public hearing on waterfowl and other late season frameworks, the public may participate in any meeting of the Regulations Committee for which notice is published pursuant to paragraph (a) of this section through the submission of oral statements that comply with the rules stated in the notice.
              (d) Minutes of meetings. Minutes will be made of each meeting of the Regulations Committee for which notice is published pursuant to paragraph (a) of this section.

              § 20.154
              Flyway Councils.
              (a) Notice of meetings. Notice of each meeting of a Flyway Council to be attended by any official of the Department will be published in the Federal Register at least two weeks before the meeting or as soon as practicable after the Department learns of the meeting. The notice will state the time, place, and general subject(s) of the meeting.
              (b) [Reserved]

              § 20.155
              Public file.
              (a) Establishment. A public file will be established for each rulemaking to which this subpart N is applicable.
              (b) Contents. Except for information exempt from disclosure under 5 U.S.C. 552, a public file established pursuant to paragraph (a) of this section will contain:
              (1) The minutes of Regulations Committee meetings made pursuant to paragraph (d) of § 20.153;
              (2) Any written comments and other significant written communications which occur after the notice of proposed rulemaking;
              (3) Summaries, identifying the source, of any significant oral communications which occure after the notice of proposed rulemaking; and
              (4) Copies of or references to any other significant data or information.

          Pt. 21
          PART 21—MIGRATORY BIRD PERMITS

              Subpart A—Introduction
              Sec.
              21.1
              Purpose of regulations.
              21.2
              Scope of regulations.
              21.3
              Definitions.
              21.4
              Information collection requirements.

              Subpart B—General Requirements and Exceptions
              21.11
              General permit requirements.
              21.12
              General exceptions to permit requirements.
              21.13
              Permit exceptions for captive-reared mallard ducks.
              21.14

              Permit exceptions for captive-bred migratory waterfowl other than mallard ducks.

              21.15
              Authorization of take incidental to military readiness activities.

              Subpart C—Specific Permit Provisions
              21.21
              Import and export permits.
              21.22
              Banding or marking permits.
              21.23
              Scientific collecting permits.
              21.24
              Taxidermist permits.
              21.25
              Waterfowl sale and disposal permits.
              21.26
              Special Canada goose permit.
              21.27
              Special purpose permits.
              21.28
              [Reserved]
              21.29
              Falconry standards and falconry permitting.
              21.30
              Raptor propagation permits.
              21.31
              Rehabilitation permits.

              Subpart D—Control of Depredating and Otherwise Injurious Birds
              21.41
              Depredation permits.
              21.42
              [Reserved]
              21.43
               Depredation order for blackbirds, cowbirds, crows, grackles, and magpies.
              21.44
              Depredation order for horned larks, house finches, and white-crowned sparrows in California.
              21.45
              [Reserved]
              21.46
              Depredation order for depredating California scrub jays and Steller's jays in Washington and Oregon.
              21.47-21.48
              [Reserved]
              21.49
              Control order for resident Canada geese at airports and military airfields.
              21.50
              Depredation order for resident Canada geese nests and eggs.
              21.51
              Depredation order for resident Canada geese at agricultural facilities.
              21.52
              Public health control order for resident Canada geese.
              21.53
              Control order for purple swamphens.
              21.54
              Control order for muscovy ducks in the United States.
              21.55
              Control order for invasive migratory birds in Hawaii.

              Subpart E—Control of Overabundant Migratory Bird Populations
              21.60
              Conservation order for light geese.
              21.61
              Population control of resident Canada geese.

            Authority:
            16 U.S.C. 703-712.

            Source:
            39 FR 1178, Jan. 4, 1974, unless otherwise noted.

            Subpart A—Introduction

              § 21.1
              Purpose of regulations.
              The regulations contained in this part supplement the general permit regulations of part 13 of this subchapter with respect to permits for the taking, possession, transporation, sale, purchase, barter, importation, exportation, and banding or marking of migratory birds. This part also provides certain exceptions to permit requirements for public, scientific, or educational institutions, and establishes depredation orders which provide limited exceptions to the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 U.S.C. 703-712).
              [54 FR 38150, Sept. 14, 1989]

              § 21.2
              Scope of regulations.

              (a) Migratory birds, their parts, nests, or eggs, lawfully acquired prior to the effective date of Federal protection under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 U.S.C. 703-712) may be possessed or transported without a permit, but may not be imported, exported, purchased, sold, bartered, or offered for purchase, sale or barter, and all shipments of such birds must be marked as provided by part 14 of this subchapter: Provide, no exemption from any statute or regulation shall accrue to any offspring of such migratory birds.

              (b) This part, except for § 21.12(a), (c), and (d) (general permit exceptions); § 21.22 (banding or marking); § 21.29 (falconry); and § 21.31 (rehabilitation), does not apply to the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) or the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), for which regulations are provided in part 22 of this subchapter.
              (c) The provisions of this part are in addition to, and are not in lieu of other regulations of this subchapter B which may require a permit or prescribe additional restrictions or conditions for the importation, exportation, and interstate transportation of wildlife (see also part 13).
              [39 FR 1178, Jan. 4, 1974, as amended at 46 FR 42680, Aug. 24, 1981; 68 FR 61137, Oct. 27, 2003; 73 FR 59465, Oct. 8, 2008]

              § 21.3
              Definitions.
              In addition to definitions contained in part 10 of this chapter, and unless the context requires otherwise, as used in this part:

                Armed Forces means the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, and the National Guard of any State.

                Bred in captivity or captive-bred refers to raptors, including eggs, hatched in captivity from parents that mated or otherwise transferred gametes in captivity.

                Captivity means that a live raptor is held in a controlled environment that is intensively manipulated by man for the purpose of producing raptors of selected species, and that has boundaries designed to prevent raptors, eggs or gametes of the selected species from entering or leaving the controlled environment. General characteristics of captivity may include, but are not limited to, artificial housing, waste removal, health care, protection from predators, and artificially supplied food.

                Conservation measures, as used in § 21.15, means project design or mitigation activities that are reasonable from a scientific, technological, and economic standpoint, and are necessary to avoid, minimize, or mitigate the take of migratory birds or other adverse impacts. Conservation measures should be implemented in a reasonable period of time.

                Falconry is caring for and training raptors for pursuit of wild game, and hunting wild game with raptors. Falconry includes the taking of raptors from the wild to use in the sport; and caring for, training, and transporting raptors held for falconry.

                Hacking is the temporary release of a raptor held for falconry to the wild so that it must survive on its own.

                Hybrid means any bird that results from a cross of genetic material between two separate taxa when one or both are listed at 50 CFR 10.13, and any progeny of those birds.

                Imprint, for the purposes of falconry, means a bird that is hand-raised, from 2 weeks of age until it has fledged, and has identified itself with humans rather than its own species. An imprinted bird is considered to be so for its entire lifetime.

                Livestock depredation area means a specific geographic location in which depredation by golden eagles has been recognized. The boundaries and duration of a livestock depredation area are declared by U.S.D.A. Wildlife Services or by a State governor.

                Military readiness activity, as defined in Pub. L. 107-314, § 315(f), 116 Stat. 2458 (Dec. 2, 2002) [Pub. L. § 319 (c)(1)], includes all training and operations of the Armed Forces that relate to combat, and the adequate and realistic testing of military equipment, vehicles, weapons, and sensors for proper operation and suitability for combat use. It does not include (a) routine operation of installation operating support functions, such as: administrative offices; military exchanges; commissaries; water treatment facilities; storage facilities; schools; housing; motor pools; laundries; morale, welfare, and recreation activities; shops; and mess halls, (b) operation of industrial activities, or (c) construction or demolition of facilities listed above.

                Population, as used in § 21.15, means a group of distinct, coexisting, conspecific individuals, whose breeding site fidelity, migration routes, and wintering areas are temporally and spatially stable, sufficiently distinct geographically (at some time of the year), and adequately described so that the population can be effectively monitored to discern changes in its status.

                Raptor means a migratory bird of the Order Accipitriformes, the Order Falconiformes, or the Order Strigiformes listed in § 10.13 of this chapter, including the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos).

                Resident Canada geese means Canada geese that nest within the lower 48 States and the District of Columbia or that reside within the lower 48 States and the District of Columbia in the months of April, May, June, July, or August.

                Secretary of Defense means the Secretary of Defense or any other national defense official who has been nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate.

                Service or we means the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior.

                Significant adverse effect on a population, as used in § 21.15, means an effect that could, within a reasonable period of time, diminish the capacity of a population of migratory bird species to sustain itself at a biologically viable level. A population is “biologically viable” when its ability to maintain its genetic diversity, to reproduce, and to function effectively in its native ecosystem is not significantly harmed. This effect may be characterized by increased risk to the population from actions that cause direct mortality or a reduction in fecundity. Assessment of impacts should take into account yearly variations and migratory movements of the impacted species. Due to the significant variability in potential military readiness activities and the species that may be impacted, determinations of significant measurable decline will be made on a case-by-case basis.
              [48 FR 31607, July 8, 1983, as amended at 64 FR 32774, June 17, 1999; 71 FR 45986, Aug. 10, 2006; 72 FR 8949, Feb. 28, 2007; 72 FR 46408, Aug. 20, 2007; 73 FR 59465, Oct. 8, 2008; 75 FR 931, Jan. 7, 2010; 78 FR 65578, 65864, Nov. 1, 2013; 84 FR 28773, June 20, 2019]

              § 21.4
              Information collection requirements.
              (a) The Office of Management and Budget approved the information collection requirements contained in this part 21 under 44 U.S.C. 3507 and assigned OMB Control Number 1018-0022. The Service may not conduct or sponsor, and you are not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. We are collecting this information to provide information necessary to evaluate permit applications. We will use this information to review permit applications and make decisions, according to criteria established in the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, 16 U.S.C. 703-712 and its regulations, on the issuance, suspension, revocation, or denial of permits. You must respond to obtain or retain a permit.
              (b) We estimate the public reporting burden for these reporting requirements to vary from 15 minutes to 4 hours per response, with an average of 0.803 hours per response, including time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the forms. Direct comments regarding the burden estimate or any other aspect of these reporting requirements to the Service's Information Collection Clearance Officer at the address provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b).
              [63 FR 52637, Oct. 1, 1998, as amended at 79 FR 43965, July 29, 2014]

            Subpart B—General Requirements and Exceptions

              § 21.11
              General permit requirements.
              No person may take, possess, import, export, transport, sell, purchase, barter, or offer for sale, purchase, or barter, any migratory bird, or the parts, nests, or eggs of such bird except as may be permitted under the terms of a valid permit issued pursuant to the provisions of this part and part 13 of this chapter, or as permitted by regulations in this part, or part 20 of this subchapter (the hunting regulations), or part 92 of subchapter G of this chapter (the Alaska subsistence harvest regulations). Birds taken or possessed under this part in “included areas” of Alaska as defined in § 92.5(a) are subject to this part and not to part 92 of subchapter G of this chapter.
              [68 FR 43027, July 21, 2003]

              § 21.12
              General exceptions to permit requirements.
              The following persons or entities under the following conditions are exempt from the permit requirements:
              (a) Employees of the Department of the Interior (DOI): DOI employees authorized to enforce the provisions of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of July 3, 1918, as amended (40 Stat. 755; 16 U.S.C. 703-(711), may, without a permit, take or otherwise acquire, hold in custody, transport, and dispose of migratory birds or their parts, nests, or eggs as necessary in performing their official duties.
              (b) Employees of certain public and private institutions:

              (b)(1) State game departments, municipal game farms or parks, and public museums, public zoological parks, accredited institutional members of the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums (AAZPA) and public scientific or educational institutions may acquire by gift or purchase, possess, transport, and by gift or sale dispose of lawfully acquired migratory birds or their progeny, parts, nests, or eggs without a permit: Provided, That such birds may be acquired only from persons authorized by this paragraph or by a permit issued pursuant to this part to possess and dispose of such birds, or from Federal or State game authorities by the gift of seized, condemned, r sick or injured birds. Any such birds, acquired without a permit, and any progeny therefrom may be disposed of only to persons authorized by this paragraph to acquire such birds without a permit. Any person exercising a privilege granted by this paragraph must keep accurate records of such operations showing the species and number of birds acquired, possessed, and disposed of; the names and addresses of the persons from whom such birds were acquired or to whom such birds were donated or sold; and the dates of such transactions. Records shall be maintained or reproducible in English on a calendar year basis and shall be retained for a period of five (5) years following the end of the calendar year covered by the records.
              (b)(2) Employees of Federal, State, and local wildlife and land management agencies; employees of Federal, State, and local public health agencies; and laboratories under contract to such agencies may in the course of official business collect, possess, transport, and dispose of sick or dead migratory birds or their parts for analysis to confirm the presence of infectious disease. Nothing in this paragraph authorizes the take of uninjured or healthy birds without prior authorization from the Service. Additionally, nothing in this paragraph authorizes the taking, collection, or possession of migratory birds when circumstances indicate reasonable probability that death, injury, or disability was caused by factors other than infectious disease and/or natural toxins. These factors may include, but are not limited to, oil or chemical contamination, electrocution, shooting, or pesticides. If the cause of death of a bird is determined to be other than natural causes or disease, Service law enforcement officials must be contacted without delay.
              (c) Licensed veterinarians: Licensed veterinarians are not required to obtain a Federal migratory bird permit to temporarily possess, stabilize, or euthanize sick and injured migratory birds. However, a veterinarian without a migratory bird rehabilitation permit must transfer any such bird to a federally permitted migratory bird rehabilitator within 24 hours after the bird's condition is stabilized, unless the bird is euthanized. If a veterinarian is unable to locate a permitted rehabilitator within that time, the veterinarian must contact his or her Regional Migratory Bird Permit Office for assistance in locating a permitted migratory bird rehabilitator and/or to obtain authorization to continue to hold the bird. In addition, veterinarians must:

              (1) Notify the local U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Ecological Services Office immediately upon receiving a threatened or endangered migratory bird species. Contact information for Ecological Services offices can be located on the Internet at http://offices.fws.gov;
              (2) Euthanize migratory birds as required by § 21.31(e)(4)(iii) and § 21.31(e)(4)(iv), and dispose of dead migratory birds in accordance with § 21.31(e)(4)(vi); and
              (3) Keep records for 5 years of all migratory birds that die while in their care, including those they euthanize. The records must include: the species of bird, the type of injury, the date of acquisition, the date of death, and whether the bird was euthanized.
              (d) General public: Any person may remove a migratory bird from the interior of a building or structure under certain conditions.
              (1) You may humanely remove a trapped migratory bird from the interior of a residence or a commercial or government building without a Federal permit if the migratory bird:
              (i) Poses a health threat (for example, through damage to foodstuffs);
              (ii) Is attacking humans, or poses a threat to human safety because of its activities (such as opening and closing automatic doors);
              (iii) Poses a threat to commercial interests, such as through damage to products for sale; or
              (iv) May injure itself because it is trapped.

              (2) You must use a humane method to capture the bird or birds. You may not use adhesive traps to which birds may adhere (such as glue traps) or any other method of capture likely to harm the bird.

              (3) Unless you have a permit that allows you to conduct abatement activities with a raptor, you may not release a raptor into a building to either frighten or capture another bird.
              (4) You must immediately release a captured bird to the wild in habitat suitable for the species, unless it is exhausted, ill, injured, or orphaned.
              (5) If a bird is exhausted or ill, or is injured or orphaned during the removal, the property owner is responsible for immediately transferring it to a federally permitted migratory bird rehabilitator.
              (6) You may not lethally take a migratory bird for these purposes. If your actions to remove the trapped migratory bird are likely to result in its lethal take, you must possess a Federal Migratory Bird Permit. However, if a bird you are trying to remove dies, you must dispose of the carcass immediately unless you have reason to believe that a museum or scientific institution might be able to use it. In that case, you should contact your nearest Fish and Wildlife Service office or your State wildlife agency about donating the carcass.
              (7) For birds of species on the Federal List of Threatened or Endangered Wildlife, provided at 50 CFR 17.11(h), you may need a Federal threatened or endangered species permit before removing the birds (see 50 CFR 17.21 and 50 CFR 17.31).
              (8) You must have a permit from your Regional migratory bird permits office to remove a bald eagle or a golden eagle from a building (see 50 CFR Part 22).
              (9) Your action must comply with State and local regulations and ordinances. You may need a State, Tribal, or Territorial permit before you can legally remove the bird or birds.
              (10) If an active nest with eggs or nestlings is present, you must seek the assistance of a federally permitted migratory bird rehabilitator in removing the eggs or nestlings. The rehabilitator is then responsible for handling them properly.
              (11) If you need advice on dealing with a trapped bird, you should contact your closest Fish and Wildlife Service office or your State wildlife agency.
              [39 FR 1178, Jan. 4, 1974, as amended at 50 FR 8638, Mar. 4, 1985; 54 FR 38151, Sept. 14, 1989; 68 FR 61137, Oct. 27, 2003; 72 FR 56928, Oct. 5, 2007]

              § 21.13
              Permit exceptions for captive-reared mallard ducks.
              Captive-reared and properly marked mallard ducks, alive or dead, or their eggs may be acquired, possessed, sold, traded, donated, transported, and disposed of by any person without a permit, subject to the following conditions, restrictions, and requirements:
              (a) Nothing in this section shall be construed to permit the taking of live mallard ducks or their eggs from the wild.
              (b) All mallard ducks possessed in captivity, without a permit, shall have been physically marked by at least one of the following methods prior to 6 weeks of age and all such ducks hatched, reared, and retained in captivity thereafter shall be so marked prior to reaching 6 weeks of age.
              (1) Removal of the hind toe from the right foot.
              (2) Pinioning of a wing: Provided, That this method shall be the removal of the metacarpal bones of one wing or a portion of the metacarpal bones which renders the bird permanently incapable of flight.
              (3) Banding of one metatarsus with a seamless metal band.
              (4) Tattooing of a readily discernible number or letter or combination thereof on the web of one foot.

              (c) When so marked, such live birds may be disposed of to, or acquired from, any person and possessed and transferred in any number at any time or place: Provided, That all such birds shall be physically marked prior to sale or disposal regardless of whether or not they have attained 6 weeks of age.

              (d) When so marked, such live birds may be killed, in any number, at any time or place, by any means except shooting. Such birds may be killed by shooting only in accordance with all applicable hunting regulations governing the taking of mallard ducks from the wild: Provided, That such birds may be killed by shooting, in any number, at any time, within the confines of any premises operated as a shooting preserve under State license, permit, or authorization; or they may be shot, in any number, at any time or place, by any person for bona fide dog training or field trial purposes: Provided further, That the provisions:
              (1) The hunting regulations (part 20 of this subchapter), with the exception of § 20.108 (Nontoxic shot zones), and
              (2) The Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (duck stamp requirement) shall not apply to shooting preserve operations as provided for in this paragraph, or to bona fide dog training or field trial operations.

              (e) At all times during possession, transportation, and storage until the raw carcasses of such birds are finally processed immediately prior to cooking, smoking, or canning, the marked foot or wing must remain attached to each carcass: Provided, That persons, who operate game farms or shooting preserves under a State license, permit, or authorization for such activities, may remove the marked foot or wing when either the number of his State license, permit, or authorization has first been legibly stamped in ink on the back of each carcass and on the container in which each carcass is maintained, or each carcass is identified by a State band on leg or wing pursuant to requirements of his State license, permit, or authorization. When properly marked, such carcasses may be disposed of to, or acquired from, any person and possessed and transported in any number at any time or place.
              [40 FR 28459, July 7, 1975, as amended at 46 FR 42680, Aug. 24, 1981; 54 FR 36798, Sept. 5, 1989]

              § 21.14
              Permit exceptions for captive-bred migratory waterfowl other than mallard ducks.

              You may acquire captive-bred and properly marked migratory waterfowl of all species other than mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), alive or dead, or their eggs, and possess and transport such birds or eggs and any progeny or eggs for your use without a permit, subject to the following conditions and restrictions. Additional restrictions on the acquisition and transfer of muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) are in paragraph (g) of this section.

              (a) You may acquire live waterfowl or their eggs only from a holder of a valid waterfowl sale and disposal permit in the United States. You also may lawfully acquire them outside of the United States with appropriate permits (see § 21.21 of subpart C of this part).
              (b) All progeny of captive-bred birds or eggs from captive-bred birds must be physically marked as set forth in § 21.13(b).

              (c) You may not transfer or dispose of captive-bred birds or their eggs, whether alive or dead, to any other person unless you have a waterfowl sale and disposal permit (see § 21.25 of subpart C of this part).

              (d) Lawfully possessed and properly marked birds may be killed, in any number, at any time or place, by any means except shooting. Such birds may be killed by shooting only in accordance with all applicable hunting regulations governing the taking of like species from the wild (see part 20 of this subchapter).
              (e) At all times during possession, transportation, and storage until the raw carcasses of such birds are finally processed immediately prior to cooking, smoking, or canning, you must leave the marked foot or wing attached to each carcass, unless the carcass was marked as provided in § 21.25(b)(6) and the foot or wing was removed prior to your acquisition of the carcass.
              (f) If you acquire captive-bred waterfowl or their eggs from a waterfowl sale and disposal permittee, you must retain the FWS Form 3-186, Notice of Waterfowl Sale or Transfer, from the permittee for as long as you have the birds, eggs, or progeny of them.

              (g) You may not acquire or possess live muscovy ducks, their carcasses or parts, or their eggs, except to raise them to be sold as food, and except that you may possess any live muscovy duck that you lawfully acquired prior to March 31, 2010. If you possess muscovy ducks on that date, you may not propagate them or sell or transfer them to anyone for any purpose, except to be used as food. You may not release them to the wild, sell them to be hunted or released to the wild, or transfer them to anyone to be hunted or released to the wild.
              (h) Dealers in meat and game, hotels, restaurants, and boarding houses may serve or sell to their customers the carcass of any bird acquired from a holder of a valid waterfowl sale and disposal permit.
              [75 FR 9320, Mar. 1, 2010]

              § 21.15
              Authorization of take incidental to military readiness activities.
              (a) Take authorization and monitoring. (1) Except to the extent authorization is withdrawn or suspended pursuant to paragraph (b) of this section, the Armed Forces may take migratory birds incidental to military readiness activities provided that, for those ongoing or proposed activities that the Armed Forces determine may result in a significant adverse effect on a population of a migratory bird species, the Armed Forces must confer and cooperate with the Service to develop and implement appropriate conservation measures to minimize or mitigate such significant adverse effects.
              (2) When conservation measures implemented under paragraph (a)(1) of this section require monitoring, the Armed Forces must retain records of any monitoring data for five years from the date the Armed Forces commence their action. During Integrated Natural Resource Management Plan reviews, the Armed Forces will also report to the Service migratory bird conservation measures implemented and the effectiveness of the conservation measures in avoiding, minimizing, or mitigating take of migratory birds.
              (b) Suspension or Withdrawal of take authorization. (1) If the Secretary determines, after seeking the views of the Secretary of Defense and consulting with the Secretary of State, that incidental take of migratory birds during a specific military readiness activity likely would not be compatible with one or more of the migratory bird treaties, the Secretary will suspend authorization of the take associated with that activity.
              (2) The Secretary may propose to withdraw, and may withdraw in accordance with the procedures provided in paragraph (b)(4) of this section the authorization for any take incidental to a specific military readiness activity if the Secretary determines that a proposed military readiness activity is likely to result in a significant adverse effect on the population of a migratory bird species and one or more of the following circumstances exists:
              (i) The Armed Forces have not implemented conservation measures that:
              (A) Are directly related to protecting the migratory bird species affected by the proposed military readiness activity;
              (B) Would significantly reduce take of the migratory bird species affected by the military readiness activity;
              (C) Are economically feasible; and
              (D) Do not limit the effectiveness of the military readiness activity;
              (ii) The Armed Forces fail to conduct mutually agreed upon monitoring to determine the effects of a military readiness activity on migratory bird species and/or the efficacy of the conservation measures implemented by the Armed Forces; or
              (iii) The Armed Forces have not provided reasonably available information that the Secretary has determined is necessary to evaluate whether withdrawal of take authorization for the specific military readiness activity is appropriate.
              (3) When the Secretary proposes to withdraw authorization with respect to a specific military readiness activity, the Secretary will first provide written notice to the Secretary of Defense. Any such notice will include the basis for the Secretary's determination that withdrawal is warranted in accordance with the criteria contained in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, and will identify any conservation measures or other measures that would, if implemented by the Armed Forces, permit the Secretary to cancel the proposed withdrawal of authorization.

              (4) Within 15 days of receipt of the notice specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section, the Secretary of Defense may notify the Secretary in writing of the Armed Forces' objections, if any, to the proposed withdrawal, specifying the reasons therefore. The Secretary will give due consideration to any objections raised by the Armed Forces. If the Secretary continues to believe that withdrawal is appropriate, he or she will provide written notice to the Secretary of Defense of the rationale for withdrawal and response to any objections to the withdrawal. If objections to the withdrawal remain, the withdrawal will not become effective until the Secretary of Defense has had the opportunity to meet with the Secretary within 30 days of the original notice from the Secretary proposing withdrawal. A final determination regarding whether authorization will be withdrawn will occur within 45 days of the original notice.
              (5) Any authorized take incidental to a military readiness activity subject to a proposed withdrawal of authorization will continue to be authorized by this regulation until the Secretary makes a final determination on the withdrawal.
              (6) The Secretary may, at his or her discretion, cancel a suspension or withdrawal of authorization at any time. A suspension may be cancelled in the event new information is provided that the proposed activity would be compatible with the migratory bird treaties. A proposed withdrawal may be cancelled if the Armed Forces modify the proposed activity to alleviate significant adverse effects on the population of a migratory bird species or the circumstances in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) through (iii) of this section no longer exist. Cancellation of suspension or withdrawal of authorization becomes effective upon delivery of written notice from the Secretary to the Department of Defense.
              (7) The responsibilities of the Secretary under paragraph (b) of this section may be fulfilled by his/her delegatee who must be an official nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate.
              [72 FR 8949, Feb. 28, 2007]

            Subpart C—Specific Permit Provisions

              § 21.21
              Import and export permits.
              (a) Permit requirement. Except as provided in paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of this section, you must have a permit to import or export migratory birds, their parts, nests, or eggs. You must meet the applicable permit requirements of the following parts of this subchapter B, even if the activity is exempt from a migratory bird import or export permit:
              (1) 13 (General Permit Procedures);
              (2) 14 (Importation, Exportation, and Transportation of Wildlife);
              (3) 15 (Wild Bird Conservation Act);
              (4) 17 (Taking, Possession, Transportation, Sale, Purchase, Barter, Exportation, and Importation of Wildlife and Plants);
              (5) 20 (Migratory Bird Hunting);
              (6) 21 (Migratory Bird Permits);
              (7) 22 (Eagle Permits); and
              (8) 23 (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)).
              (b) Exception to the import permit requirements. If you comply with the requirements of parts 14, 20, and 23 of this subchapter B, you do not need a migratory bird permit to import or possess migratory birds in the families Anatidae, Columbidae, Gruidae, Rallidae, and Scolopacidae for personal use that were lawfully hunted by you in a foreign country. The birds may be carcasses, skins, or mounts. You must provide evidence that you lawfully took the bird or birds in, and exported them from, the country of origin. This evidence must include a hunting license and any export documentation required by the country of origin. You must keep these documents with the imported bird or birds permanently.
              (c) General exceptions to the export permit requirements. You do not need a migratory bird export permit to:
              (1) Export live, captive-bred migratory game birds (see § 20.11 of this subpart) to Canada or Mexico if they are marked by one of the following methods:
              (i) Removal of the hind toe from the right foot;
              (ii) Pinioning of a wing by removal of all or some of the metacarpal bones of one wing, which renders the bird permanently incapable of flight;
              (iii) Banding of one metatarsus with a seamless metal band; or
              (iv) A readily discernible tattoo of numbers and/or letters on the web of one foot.

              (2) Export live, lawfully-acquired, captive-bred raptors provided you hold a valid raptor propagation permit issued under § 21.30 and you obtain a CITES permit or certificate issued under part 23 to do so. You must have full documentation of the lawful origin of each raptor, and each must be identifiable with a seamless band issued by the Service, including any raptor with an implanted microchip for identification.
              (d) Falconry birds covered under a CITES “pet passport.” You do not need a migratory bird import or export permit to temporarily export and subsequently import a raptor or raptors you lawfully possess for falconry to and from another country for use in falconry when the following conditions are met:
              (1) You must meet applicable requirements in part 14 (Importation, Exportation, and Transportation of Wildlife) of this subchapter B.
              (2) You may need one or more additional permits to take a bird from the United States or to return home with it (see 50 CFR part 15 (Wild Bird Conservation Act), part 17 (Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants), and part 23 (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora)).
              (3) Each raptor must be covered by a CITES certificate of ownership issued under part 23 of this chapter. You must have full documentation of the lawful origin of each raptor (a copy of a propagation report with band number or a 3-186A report), and each must be identifiable with a seamless band or a permanent, nonreusable, numbered Fish and Wildlife Service leg band issued by the Service, including any raptor with an implanted microchip for identification. We may exempt a raptor from banding because of health concerns, but you must provide proof of the exemption from your falconry permitting authority.
              (4) You must bring any raptor that you export out of the country for falconry under a CITES “pet passport” back to the United States when you return.
              (5) If the raptor dies or is lost, you are not required to bring it back, but you must report the loss immediately upon your return to the United States in the manner required by the falconry regulations of your State, and according to any conditions on your CITES certificate.
              (e) Inspection of imported or exported migratory birds. All migratory birds imported into, or exported from, the United States, and any associated documentation, may be inspected by the Service. You must comply with the import and export regulations in Part 14 of this chapter.
              (f) Applying for a migratory bird import or export permit. You must apply to the appropriate Regional Director—Attention Migratory Bird Permit Office. You can find the address for your Regional Director in § 2.2 of subchapter A of this chapter. Your application package must include a completed application (form 3-200-6, or 3-200-7 if the import or export is associated with an application for a scientific collecting permit), and a check or money order made payable to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in the amount of the application fee for permits issued under this section, as listed in § 13.11 of this chapter.
              (g) Criteria we will consider before issuing a permit. After we receive a completed import or export application, the Regional Director will decide whether to issue you a permit based on the general criteria of § 13.21 of this chapter, and whether you meet the following requirements:
              (1) You are at least 18 years of age;
              (2) The bird was lawfully acquired; and
              (3) The purpose of the import or export is consistent with the conservation of the species; and
              (4) For an import permit, whether you are authorized to lawfully possess the migratory bird after it is imported.
              (h) Are there standard conditions for the permit? Yes, standard conditions for your permit are set forth in part 13 of this subchapter B. You must also comply with the regulations in part 14 (Importation, Exportation, and Transportation of Wildlife). We may place additional requirements or restrictions on your permit as appropriate.
              (i) Term of a migratory bird import and export permit. Your migratory bird import or export permit will be valid for not more than 5 years. It will expire on the date designated on its face unless it is amended or revoked.
              [73 FR 47097, Aug. 13, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 55451, Sept. 25, 2008]

              § 21.22
              Banding or marking permits.
              (a) Permit requirement. A banding or marking permit is required before any person may capture migratory birds for banding or marking purposes or use official bands issued by the Service for banding or marking any migratory bird.
              (b) Application procedures. Applications for banding or marking permits shall be submitted by letter of application addressed to the Bird Banding Laboratory, Office of Migratory Bird Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Laurel, Maryland 20708. Each such application shall contain the general information and certification set forth by § 13.12(a) of this subchapter plus the following additional information:
              (1) Species and numbers proposed to be banded or marked;
              (2) Purpose of banding or marking;
              (3) State or States in which authorization is requested; and
              (4) Name and address of the public, scientific, or educational institution to which any specimens will be donated that are salvaged pursuant to paragraphs (c) (3) and (4) of this section.
              (c) Additional permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set forth in part 13 of this subchapter B, banding or marking permits shall be subject to the following conditions:
              (1) The banding of migratory birds shall only be by official numbered leg bands issued by the Service. The use of any other band, clip, dye, or other method of marking is prohibited unless specifically authorized in the permit.
              (2) All traps or nets used to capture migratory birds for banding or marking purposes shall have attached thereto a tag or label clearly showing the name and address of the permittee and his permit number, or the area in which such traps or nets are located must be posted with notice of banding operations posters (Form 3-1155, available upon request from the Bird Banding Laboratory, Office of Migratory Bird Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Laurel, Md. 20708) which shall bear the name and address of the permittee and the number of his permit.
              (3) The holder of a banding or marking permit may salvage, for the purpose of donating to a public scientific or educational institution, birds killed or found dead as a result of the permittee's normal banding operations, and casualties from other causes. All dead birds salvaged under authority of a migratory bird banding or marking permit must be donated and transferred to a public scientific or educational institution at least every 6 months or within 60 days of the time such permit expires or is revoked, unless the permittee has been issued a special permit authorizing possession for a longer period of time.
              (4) Permittees must keep accurate records of their operations and file reports as set forth in the North American Bird Banding Manual, or supplements thereto, in accordance with instructions contained therein.
              (d) Term of permit. A banding or marking permit issued or renewed under this part expires on the date designated on the face of the permit unless amended or revoked, but the term of the permit shall not exceed three (3) years from the date of issuance or renewal.
              [39 FR 1178, Jan. 4, 1974, as amended at 54 FR 38151, Sept. 14, 1989]

              § 21.23
              Scientific collecting permits.
              (a) Permit requirement. A scientific collecting permit is required before any person may take, transport, or possess migratory birds, their parts, nests, or eggs for scientific research or educational purposes.
              (b) Application procedures. Submit applications for scientific permits to the appropriate Regional Director (Attention: Migratory bird permit office). You can find addresses for the Regional Directors in 50 CFR 2.2. Each application must contain the general information and certification required in § 13.12(a) of this subchapter, and the following additional information:

              (1) Species and numbers of migratory birds or their parts, nests, or eggs to be taken or acquired when it is possible to determine same in advance;

              (2) Location or locations where such scientific collecting is proposed;
              (3) Statement of the purpose and justification for granting such a permit, including an outline of any research project involved;
              (4) Name and address of the public, scientific, or educational institution to which all specimens ultimately will be donated; and
              (5) If a State permit is required by State law, a statement as to whether or not the applicant possesses such State permit, giving its number and expiration date.
              (c) Additional permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set forth in part 13 of this subchapter B, scientific collecting permits shall be subject to the following conditions:
              (1) All specimens taken and possessed under authority of a scientific collecting permit must be donated and transferred to the public scientific, or educational institution designated in the permit application within 60 days following the date such permit expires or is revoked, unless the permittee has been issued a special purpose permit (See § 21.27) authorizing possession for a longer period of time.
              (2) Unless otherwise provided on the permit, all migratory game birds taken pursuant to a scientific collecting permit during the open hunting season for such birds must be in conformance with part 20 of this subchapter;
              (3) Unless specifically stated on the permit, a scientific collecting permit does not authorize the taking of live migratory birds from the wild.
              (4) In addition to any reporting requirement set forth in the permit, a report of the scientific collecting activities conducted under authority of such permit shall be submitted to the issuing officer on or before January 10 of each calendar year following the year of issue unless a different date is stated in the permit.
              (d) Term of permit. A scientific collecting permit issued or renewed under this part expires on the date designated on the face of the permit unless amended or revoked, but the term of the permit shall not exceed three (3) years from the date of issuance or renewal.
              [39 FR 1178, Jan. 4, 1974, as amended at 54 FR 38151, Sept. 14, 1989; 63 FR 52637, Oct. 1, 1998]

              § 21.24
              Taxidermist permits.
              (a) Permit requirement. A taxidermist permit is required before any person may perform taxidermy services on migratory birds or their parts, nests, or eggs for any person other than himself.
              (b) Application procedures. Submit application for taxidermist permits to the appropriate Regional Director (Attention: Migratory bird permit office). You can find addresses for the Regional Directors in 50 CFR 2.2. Each application must contain the general information and certification required in § 13.12(a) of this subchapter, and the following additional information:
              (1) The address of premises where taxidermist services will be provided;
              (2) A statement of the applicant's qualifications and experience as a taxidermist; and
              (3) If a State permit is required by State law, a statement as to whether or not the applicant possesses such State permit, giving its number and expiration date.
              (c) Permit authorizations. A permit authorizes a taxidermist to:
              (1) Receive, transport, hold in custody or possession, mount or otherwise prepare, migratory birds, and their parts, nests, or eggs, and return them to another.
              (2) Sell properly marked, captive reared migratory waterfowl which he has lawfully acquired and mounted. Such mounted birds may be placed on consignment for sale and may be possessed by such consignee for the purpose of sale.
              (d) Additional permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set forth in part 13 of this subchapter B, taxidermist permits shall be subject to the following conditions:

              (1) Permittees must keep accurate records of operations, on a calendar year basis, showing the names and addresses of persons from and to whom migratory birds or their parts, nests, or eggs were received or delivered, the number and species of such, and the dates of receipt and delivery. In addition to the other records required by this paragraph, the permittee must maintain in his files, the original of the completed Form 3-186, Notice of Waterfowl Sale or Transfer, confirming his acquisition of captive reared, properly marked migratory waterfowl from the holder of a current waterfowl sale and disposal permit.
              (2) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (c) of this section, the receipt, possession, and storage by a taxidermist of any migratory game birds taken by another by hunting is not authorized unless they are tagged as required by § 20.36 of this subchapter. The required tags may be removed during the taxidermy operations but must be retained by the taxidermist with the other records required to be kept and must be reattached to the mounted specimen after mounting. The tag must then remain attached until the mounted specimen is delivered to the owner.
              (e) Term of permit. A taxidermist permit issued or renewed under this part expires on the date designated on the face of the permit unless amended or revoked, but the term of the permit will not exceed five (5) years from the date of issuance or renewal.
              [39 FR 1178, Jan. 4, 1974, as amended at 54 FR 38151, Sept. 14, 1989; 63 FR 52637, Oct. 1, 1998; 70 FR 18320, Apr. 11, 2005]

              § 21.25
              Waterfowl sale and disposal permits.
              (a) Permit requirement. You must have a waterfowl sale and disposal permit before you may lawfully sell, trade, donate, or otherwise dispose of, most species of captive-reared and properly marked migratory waterfowl or their eggs. You do not need a permit to sell or dispose of properly marked captive-reared mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) or their eggs.
              (b) Permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set forth in part 13 of this subchapter B, waterfowl sale and disposal permits are subject to the following conditions:
              (1) You may not take migratory waterfowl or their eggs from the wild, unless take is provided for elsewhere in this subchapter.
              (2) You may not acquire migratory waterfowl or their eggs from any person who does not have a valid waterfowl propagation permit.
              (3) Before they are 6 weeks of age, all live captive migratory waterfowl possessed under authority of a valid waterfowl sale and disposal permit must be physically marked as defined in § 21.13(b).
              (4) All offspring of birds hatched, reared, and retained in captivity also must be marked before they are 6 weeks of age in accordance with § 21.13(b), unless they are held in captivity at a public zoological park, or a public scientific or educational institution.
              (5) Properly marked captive-bred birds may be killed, in any number, at any time or place, by any means except shooting. They may be killed by shooting only in accordance with all the applicable hunting regulations governing the taking of like species from the wild.
              (6) At all times during possession, transportation, and storage, until the raw carcasses of such birds are finally processed immediately prior to cooking, smoking, or canning, the marked foot or wing must remain attached to each carcass. However, if you have a State license, permit, or authorization that allows you to sell game, you may remove the marked foot or wing from the raw carcasses if the number of your State license, permit, or authorization has been legibly stamped in ink on the back of each carcass and on the wrapping or container in which each carcass is maintained, or if each carcass is identified by a State band on a leg or wing pursuant to requirements of your State license, permit, or authorization.
              (7) You may dispose of properly marked live or dead birds or their eggs (except muscovy ducks and their eggs) in any number at any time or place, or transfer them to any person, if the birds are physically marked prior to sale or disposal, regardless of whether or not they have attained 6 weeks of age.
              (8) You may propagate muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) only for sale for food.
              (i) You may not release muscovy ducks to the wild or transfer them for release to the wild.
              (ii) You may not sell or transfer muscovy ducks to be killed by shooting.

              (9) If you transfer captive-bred birds or their eggs to another person, you must complete FWS Form 3-186, Notice of Waterfowl Sale or Transfer, and provide all information required on the form, plus the method or methods by which individual birds are marked as required by § 21.13(b).
              (i) Give the original of the completed form to the person acquiring the birds or eggs.
              (ii) Retain one copy in your files.
              (iii) Attach one copy to the shipping container for the birds or eggs, or include it with shipping documents that accompany the shipment.
              (iv) By the end of the month in which you complete the transfer, mail two copies to the Fish and Wildlife Service Regional Office that issued your permit.
              (c) Reporting requirements. You must submit an annual report by January 10th of each year to the Fish and Wildlife Service Regional Office that issued your permit. You must report the number of waterfowl of each species you possess on that date, and the method or methods by which each is marked.
              (d) Applying for a waterfowl propagation permit. Submit your application for a waterfowl sale and disposal permit to the appropriate Regional Director (Attention: Migratory Bird Permit Office). You can find addresses for the Regional Directors in 50 CFR 2.2. Your application must contain the general information and certification required in § 13.12(a) of subchapter A of this chapter, and the following additional information:
              (1) A description of the area where you will keep waterfowl in your possession;
              (2) The species and numbers of waterfowl you possess and a statement showing from whom the birds were obtained;
              (3) A statement indicating the method by which birds you hold will be marked as required by the provisions of this part 21; and
              (4) The number and expiration of your State permit if you are required to have one.
              (e) Term of permit. A waterfowl sale and disposal permit issued or renewed under this part expires on the date designated on the face of the permit unless amended or revoked, but the term of the permit will not exceed five (5) years from the date of issuance or renewal.
              [75 FR 9320, Mar. 1, 2010]

              § 21.26
              Special Canada goose permit.
              (a) What is the special Canada goose permit and what is its purpose? The special Canada goose permit is a permit issued by us to a State wildlife agency authorizing certain resident Canada goose management and control activities that are normally prohibited. We will only issue such a permit when it will contribute to human health and safety, protect personal property, or allow resolution or prevention of injury to people or property. The management and control activities conducted under the permit are intended to relieve or prevent injurious situations only. No person should construe the permit as opening, reopening, or extending any hunting season contrary to any regulations established under Section 3 of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act.
              (b) Who may receive a permit? Only State wildlife agencies (State) are eligible to receive a permit to undertake the various goose management and control activities. Additionally, only employees or designated agents of a permitted State wildlife agency may undertake activities for injurious resident Canada geese in accordance with the conditions specified in the permit, conditions contained in 50 CFR part 13, and conditions specified in paragraph (d) of this section.
              (c) How does a State apply for a permit? Any State wildlife agency wishing to obtain a permit must submit an application to the appropriate Regional Director (see § 13.11(b) of this subchapter) containing the general information and certification required by § 13.12(a) of this subchapter plus the following information:
              (1) A detailed statement showing that the goose management and control activities will either provide for human health and safety, protect personal property, or allow resolution of other injury to people or property;
              (2) An estimate of the size of the resident Canada goose breeding population in the State;

              (3) The requested annual take of resident Canada geese, including eggs and nests;

              (4) A statement indicating that the State will inform and brief all employees and designated agents of the requirements of these regulations and permit conditions.
              (d) What are the conditions of the permit? The special Canada goose permits are subject to the general conditions in 50 CFR part 13, the conditions elsewhere in this section, and, unless otherwise specifically authorized on the permit, the conditions outlined below:
              (1) What are the limitations on management and control activities? (i) Take of resident Canada geese as a management tool under this section may not exceed the number authorized by the permit. States should utilize non-lethal goose management tools to the extent they deem appropriate in an effort to minimize lethal take.
              (ii) Methods of take for the control of injurious resident Canada geese are at the State's discretion. Methods include, but are not limited to, firearms, alpha-chloralose, traps, egg and nest manipulation and other damage control techniques consistent with accepted wildlife damage-management programs.
              (2) When may a State conduct management and control activities? States and their employees and agents may conduct egg and nest manipulation activities at any time of year. Other management and control activities, including the take of resident Canada geese, under this section may only be conducted between March 11 and August 31.
              (3) How must the States dispose or utilize geese taken under this permit? States and their employees and agents may possess, transport, and otherwise dispose of Canada geese taken under this section. States must utilize such birds by donation to public museums or public institutions for scientific or educational purposes, by processing them for human consumption and distributing them free of charge to charitable organizations, or by burying or incinerating them. States, their employees, and designated agents may not sell, offer for sale, barter, or ship for the purpose of sale or barter any Canada geese taken under this section, nor their plumage or eggs.
              (4) How does the permit relate to existing State law? No person conducting management and control activities under this section should construe the permit to authorize the killing of injurious resident Canada geese contrary to any State law or regulation, nor on any Federal land without specific authorization by the responsible management agency. No person may exercise the privileges granted under this section unless they possess any permits required for such activities by any State or Federal land manager.
              (5) When conducting management and control activities, are there any special inspection requirements? Any State employee or designated agent authorized to carry out management and control activities must have a copy of the permit and designation in their possession when carrying out any activities. The State must also require the property owner or occupant on whose premises the State is conducting activities to allow, at all reasonable times, including during actual operations, free and unrestricted access to any Service special agent or refuge officer, State wildlife or deputy wildlife agent, warden, protector, or other wildlife law enforcement officer (wildlife officer) on the premises where they are, or were, conducting activities. Furthermore, any State employee or designated agent conducting such activities must promptly furnish whatever information is required concerning such activities to any such wildlife officer.
              (6) What are the reporting requirements of the permit? Any State employee or designated agent exercising the privileges granted by this section must keep records of all activities carried out under the authority of this permit, including the number of Canada geese killed and their disposition. The State must submit an annual report detailing activities, including the time, numbers and location of birds, eggs, and nests taken and non-lethal techniques utilized, before December 31 of each year. The State should submit the annual report to the appropriate Assistant Regional Director—Refuges and Wildlife (see § 10.22 of this subchapter).
              (7) What are the limitations of the special permit? The following limitations apply:

              (i) Nothing in this section applies to any Federal land within a State's boundaries without written permission of the Federal Agency with jurisdiction.
              (ii) States may not undertake any actions under any permit issued under this section if the activities adversely affect other migratory birds or species designated as endangered or threatened under the authority of the Endangered Species Act.
              (iii) We will only issue permits to State wildlife agencies in the conterminous United States.
              (iv) States may designate agents who must operate under the conditions of the permit.
              (v) How long is the special permit valid? A special Canada goose permit issued or renewed under this section expires on the date designated on the face of the permit unless it is amended or revoked or such time that we determine that the State's population of resident Canada geese no longer poses a threat to human health or safety, personal property, or injury to other interests. In all cases, the term of the permit may not exceed five (5) years from the date of issuance or renewal.
              (vi) Can we revoke the special permit? We reserve the right to suspend or revoke any permit, as specified in §§ 13.27 and 13.28 of this subchapter.
              (e) What are the OMB information collection requirements of the permit program? OMB has approved the information collection requirements of the permit and assigned clearance number 1018-0099. Federal agencies may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. We will use the information collection requirements to administer this program and in the issuance and monitoring of these special permits. We will require the information from State wildlife agencies responsible for migratory bird management in order to obtain a special Canada goose permit, and to determine if the applicant meets all the permit issuance criteria, and to protect migratory birds. We estimate the public reporting burden for this collection of information to average 8 hours per response for 45 respondents (States), including the time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Thus, we estimate the total annual reporting and record-keeping for this collection to be 360 hours. States may send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to the Service's Information Collection Clearance Officer at the address provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b).
              [64 FR 32774, June 17, 1999, as amended at 79 FR 43965, July 29, 2014; 84 FR 28773, June 20, 2019]

              § 21.27
              Special purpose permits.
              Permits may be issued for special purpose activities related to migratory birds, their parts, nests, or eggs, which are otherwise outside the scope of the standard form permits of this part. A special purpose permit for migratory bird related activities not otherwise provided for in this part may be issued to an applicant who submits a written application containing the general information and certification required by part 13 and makes a sufficient showing of benefit to the migratory bird resource, important research reasons, reasons of human concern for individual birds, or other compelling justification.
              (a) Permit requirement. A special purpose permit is required before any person may lawfully take, salvage, otherwise acquire, transport, or possess migratory birds, their parts, nests, or eggs for any purpose not covered by the standard form permits of this part. In addition, a special purpose permit is required before any person may sell, purchase, or barter captive-bred, migratory game birds, other than waterfowl, that are marked in compliance with § 21.13(b) of this part.
              (b) Application procedures. Submit application for special purpose permits to the appropriate Regional Director (Attention: Migratory bird permit office). You can find addresses for the Regional Directors in 50 CFR 2.2. Each application must contain the general information and certification required in § 13.12(a) of this subchapter, and the following additional information:

              (1) A detailed statement describing the project or activity which requires issuance of a permit, purpose of such project or activity, and a delineation of the area in which it will be conducted. (Copies of supporting documents, research proposals, and any necessary State permits should accompany the application);
              (2) Numbers and species of migratory birds involved where same can reasonably be determined in advance; and
              (3) Statement of disposition which will be made of migratory birds involved in the permit activity.
              (c) Additional permit conditions. Inaddition to the general conditions set forth in part 13 of this subchapter B, special purpose permits shall be subject to the following conditions:
              (1) Permittees shall maintain adequate records describing the conduct of the permitted activity, the numbers and species of migratory birds acquired and disposed of under the permit, and inventorying and identifying all migratory birds held on December 31 of each calendar year. Records shall be maintained at the address listed on the permit; shall be in, or reproducible in English; and shall be available for inspection by Service personnel during regular business hours. A permittee may be required by the conditions of the permit to file with the issuing office an annual report of operation. Annual reports, if required, shall be filed no later than January 31 of the calendar year following the year for which the report is required. Reports, if required, shall describe permitted activities, numbers and species of migratory birds acquired and disposed of, and shall inventory and describe all migratory birds possessed under the special purpose permit on December 31 of the reporting year.
              (2) Permittees shall make such other reports as may be requested by the issuing officer.
              (3) All live, captive-bred, migratory game birds possessed under authority of a valid special purpose permit shall be physically marked as defined in § 21.13(b) of this part.
              (4) No captive-bred migratory game bird may be sold or bartered unless marked in accordance with § 21.13(b) of this part.
              (5) No permittee may take, purchase, receive or otherwise acquire, sell, barter, transfer, or otherwise dispose of any captive-bred migratory game bird unless such permittee submits a Service form 3-186A (Migratory Bird Acquisition/Disposition Report), completed in accordance with the instructions on the form, to the issuing office within five (5) days of such transaction.
              (6) No permittee, who is authorized to sell or barter migratory game birds pursuant to a permit issued under this section, may sell or barter such birds to any person unless that person is authorized to purchase and possess such migratory game birds under a permit issued pursuant to this part and part 13, or as permitted by regulations in this part.
              (d) Term of permit. A special purpose permit issued or renewed under this part expires on the date designated on the face of the permit unless amended or revoked, but the term of the permit shall not exceed three (3) years from the date of issuance or renewal.
              [39 FR 1178, Jan. 4, 1974, as amended at 54 FR 38152, Sept. 14, 1989; 63 FR 52637, Oct. 1, 1998]

              § 21.28
              [Reserved]

              § 21.29
              Falconry standards and falconry permitting.
              (a) Background—(1) The legal basis for regulating falconry. The Migratory Bird Treaty Act prohibits any person from taking, possessing, purchasing, bartering, selling, or offering to purchase, barter, or sell, among other things, raptors (birds of prey) listed in § 10.13 of this subchapter unless the activities are allowed by Federal permit issued under this part and part 13 of this chapter, or as permitted by regulations in this part.
              (i) This section covers all Falconiformes (vultures, kites, eagles, hawks, caracaras, and falcons) and all Strigiformes (owls) listed in § 10.13 of this subchapter (“native” raptors), and applies to any person who possesses one or more wild-caught, captive-bred, or hybrid raptors protected under the MBTA to use in falconry.

              (ii) The Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (16 U.S.C. 668-668d, 54 Stat. 250) provides for the taking of golden eagles from the wild to use in falconry. It specifies that the only golden eagles that may be taken from the wild for falconry are those that would be taken because of depredations on livestock or wildlife (16 U.S.C. 668a).
              (2) “Possession” and short-term handling of a falconry raptor. We do not consider short-term handling, such as letting any other person hold or practice flying a raptor you possess under your permit, to be possession for the purposes of this section if you are present and the person is under your supervision.
              (3) Regulatory year for governing falconry. For determining possession and take of raptors for falconry, a year is any 12-month period for take defined by the State, tribe, or territory.
              (b) Federal approval of State, tribal, and territorial falconry programs—(1) General. (i) A State (including the District of Columbia), tribe, or territory under the jurisdiction of the United States that wishes to allow falconry must establish laws and regulations (hereafter referred to as laws) that meet the standards established in this section. To allow the practice of falconry on tribal lands by tribal members or residents, a tribe may either certify that it has adopted Service-approved State laws if those laws are fully enforceable on tribal lands, or issue its own laws and request our approval.
              (ii) State, tribal, or territorial laws may be more restrictive than these Federal standards but may not be less restrictive. For instance, a State, tribe, or territory may choose not to allow possession of some species of raptors otherwise allowed in this section. State, tribal, and territorial laws must be consistent with the terms contained in any convention between the United States and any foreign country for the protection of raptors and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act.
              (2) Reporting. (i) The State, tribe, or territory must work with us to ensure that the electronic 3-186A reporting system (http://permits.fws.gov/186A) for reporting take, transfers, and loss of falconry birds is fully operational for residents of that jurisdiction.

              (ii) If you are required to submit a report or other information under this section, you must either enter the required information in the electronic database at http://permits.fws.gov/186A, or at http://www.wildlife.ca.gov/FalconryReporting if you are a resident of California, or submit a paper form 3-186A to your State, tribal, or territorial agency that governs falconry.
              (3) Federal approval and terms. If we concur that the regulations and the examination meet the requirements of this section, we will publish a rule in the Federal Register adding the State, tribe, or territory to the list of those approved for allowing the practice of falconry. We will terminate Federal falconry permitting in any State certified under these regulations on January 1st of the calendar year following publication of the rule.
              (4) Review of a State, tribal, or territorial falconry program. We may review the administration of an approved State's, tribe's, or territory's falconry program if complaints from the public or law enforcement investigations indicate the need for a review or for revisions to the State's, tribe's, or territory's laws, or falconry examination. The review may involve, but is not limited to:
              (i) Inspecting falconers' facilities to ensure that the facilities standards in this section are met;
              (ii) Processing time of applications;
              (iii) Reviewing approved applications for completeness;
              (iv) Determining that permits issued are appropriate for the experience of the applicants;
              (v) Determining the adequacy of the State's, tribe's, or territory's recordkeeping for the needs of State, tribal, or territorial and Federal law enforcement;
              (vi) Reviewing laws to determine if they meet the requirements of this section; and
              (vii) Reviewing a revised falconry examination to determine if it meets the requirements of this section.
              (5) Suspension of a State's, tribe's, or territory's certification. (i) We may propose to suspend, and may suspend, the approval of a State, tribal, or territorial falconry program in accordance with the procedures in paragraph (b)(5)(ii) of this section if we determine that the State, tribe, or territory has deficiencies in one or more items in paragraph (b)(4) of this section.
              (ii) When we propose to suspend approval of a State, tribal, or territorial falconry program, we will first provide written notice to the State, tribe, or territory. Any such notice will include the basis for our determination that suspension is warranted. We will identify the actions that would, if implemented by the State, tribe, or territory, allow us to cancel the proposed suspension of approval.
              (iii) The State, tribe, or territory will have 2 years from the date of our notification to correct the deficiencies. The State, tribe, or territory must respond in writing within that time to the proposed suspension, specifying the reasons why the certification should not be suspended. We will give due consideration to any objections and evidence raised by the State, tribe, or territory.
              (iv) If we continue to believe that suspension is warranted, we will provide written notice of suspension, including the rationale for suspension, and respond to any objections to the suspension.
              (A) The suspension of approval of the State's, tribe's, or territory's falconry program will be effective 180 days from the date of the Service's final notification of suspension.
              (B) The State, tribe, or territory must then inform all falconry applicants and permittees of the impending cancellation of permitting.
              (v) We will honor all falconry permits in that jurisdiction for 2 years from the date of our final notification of suspension of certification. At the end of the 2 years, you must transfer all raptors (including captive-bred raptors) held under permits from the State, tribal, or territorial falconry program to other falconry permittees in other States or territories, or to Federal raptor propagation or education permittees, institutions exempt from the Federal permit requirements, or permanently released to the wild (if it is allowed by the State, tribe, or territory and by this section), or euthanized. However, you may not permanently release hybrid raptors to the wild.
              (6) Appeal of a decision to suspend State, tribal, or territorial certification. The State, tribe, or territory may appeal a decision to suspend certification to the Director within 180 days of the date of the Director's decision. The Director will then respond to the State, tribe, or territory within 180 days of receipt of the appeal. The State, tribe, or territory certification will remain effective until the Director makes a final decision on the appeal.
              (7) Recertification of compliance with this section if a State's, tribe's, or territory's falconry permitting authority has been suspended. If a State, tribe, or territory has had its falconry permitting authority suspended but has corrected its problems, it must submit a request for approval of its permitting activities. We will then either recertify the program, or report in writing why we do not believe that earlier permitting problems have been rectified.
              (8) Authority to suspend or revoke a falconry permit issued by a State, tribe, or territory. Suspension or revocation of a falconry permit is the responsibility of the State, tribe, or territory. However, compliance with all provisions of these regulations remains under the purview of the Fish and Wildlife Service.
              (9) Standards in effect in your place of residence. If you live in any State except Hawaii, you may practice falconry as permitted in these regulations if you have a falconry permit from your State, tribe, or territory.
              (c) Practicing falconry—(1) Permits and inspections to practice falconry. You must have a valid falconry permit from the State, tribe, or territory in which you reside (or the tribe on whose land you wish to practice falconry if you reside on tribal land or are a tribal member), to take, possess, or transport raptors for falconry, or to hunt with them. Depending on the game you hunt as a falconer and where you hunt, you also may need a Federal Migratory Bird Hunting and Conservation Stamp (a “Duck Stamp”), and State, tribal, or territorial hunting permits or stamps to hunt with a raptor.

              (i) Some State, tribal, territorial, or local governments may require you to have additional permits or licenses to practice falconry or to take a raptor from the wild.

              (ii) You must comply with all regulations governing migratory bird permitting.
              (iii) If you reside for more than 120 consecutive days in a State or territory or on tribal lands other than the location of your primary residence, your falconry facilities in the second location must meet the standards in paragraph (d) of this section and of the corresponding State, tribal, or territorial lands, and your facilities must be listed on your falconry permit.
              (2) Classes of permit to practice falconry. We recognize Apprentice, General, and Master Falconer levels. Each State, tribe, or territory may have any number of permit levels, but the standards for them must be at least as restrictive as these Federal standards. Your State, tribe, or territory may have more restrictive laws or regulations governing falconry.
              (i) Requirements and possession options for an Apprentice Falconer.
              (A) You must be at least 12 years of age.
              (B) If you are under 18 years of age, a parent or legal guardian must sign your application and is legally responsible for your activities.
              (C) You must have a letter from a Master Falconer or a General Falconer with a valid State, tribal, or territorial falconry permit who is at least 18 years old and has at least 2 years experience at the General Falconer level, stating that he or she will assist you, as necessary, in:
              (1) Learning about the husbandry and training of raptors held for falconry;
              (2) Learning and about relevant wildlife laws and regulations, and
              (3) Deciding what species of raptor is appropriate for you to possess while an Apprentice.
              (D) Regardless of the number of State, tribal, or territorial falconry permits you have, you may possess no more than one raptor for use in falconry.

              (E) You may take raptors less than 1 year old, except nestlings, from the wild during any period or periods specified by the State, tribe, or territory. You may take any raptor species from the wild except a federally listed threatened or endangered species or the following species: Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), Steller's sea-eagle (Haliaeetus pelagicus), golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), American swallow-tailed kite (Elanoides forficatus), Swainson's hawk (Buteo swainsoni), peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), flammulated owl (Otus flammeolus), elf owl (Micrathene whitneyi), and short-eared owl (Asio flammeus).

              (F) You may possess a raptor of any Falconiform or Strigiform species, including wild, captive-bred, or hybrid individuals, except a federally listed threatened or endangered species, a bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), a white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), a Steller's sea-eagle (Haliaeetus pelagicus), or a golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos).
              (G) You do not need to capture a wild raptor yourself; it can be transferred to you by another falconry permittee.
              (H) You may not possess a raptor taken from the wild as a nestling.
              (I) You may not possess a bird that is imprinted on humans.
              (J) Your raptor facilities must pass inspection by your State, tribe, or territory before you may be granted a permit.
              (ii) Requirements and possession options for a General Falconer.
              (A) You must be at least 16 years of age.
              (B) If you are 16 or 17 years of age, a parent or legal guardian must sign your application and must be legally responsible for your activities.
              (C) You must submit a document from a General Falconer or Master Falconer (preferably your sponsor) to your State, tribal, or territorial wildlife agency stating that you have practiced falconry with raptor(s) at the Apprentice Falconer level or equivalent for at least 2 years, including maintaining, training, flying, and hunting the raptor(s) for least 4 months in each year. That practice may include capture and release of falconry raptors.
              (D) You may not substitute any falconry school program or education to shorten the period of 2 years at the Apprentice level.

              (E) You may take and possess any species of Falconiform or Strigiform except a golden eagle, a bald eagle, a white-tailed eagle, or a Steller's sea-eagle. You may use captive-bred individuals and hybrids of the species you are allowed to possess.
              (F) Regardless of the number of State, tribal, or territorial falconry permits you have, you may possess no more than 3 raptors.
              (iii) Requirements and possession options for a Master Falconer.
              (A) You must have practiced falconry with your own raptor(s) at the General Falconer level for at least 5 years.
              (B) You may take and possess any species of Falconiform or Strigiform except a bald eagle. However, you may take and possess a golden eagle, a white-tailed eagle, or a Steller's sea eagle only if you meet the qualifications set forth under paragraph (c)(2)(iv).
              (C) You may possess any captive-bred individuals or hybrids of species your State, tribe, or territory allows you to possess for use in falconry.
              (D) Regardless of the number of State, tribal, or territorial falconry permits you have, you may possess no more than 5 wild raptors, including golden eagles.
              (E) You may possess any number of captive-bred raptors. However, you must train them in the pursuit of wild game and use them in hunting.
              (iv) If you meet the requirements in paragraph (c) of this section for falconry you may possess up to 3 eagles of the following species: golden eagle, white-tailed eagle, or Steller's sea eagle.
              (A) Your State, tribal, or territorial agency that regulates falconry must document the following before approving your request to possess an eagle to use in falconry:
              (1) Your experience in handling large raptors, including information about the species you have handled and the type and duration of the activity in which you gained the experience.
              (2) At least two letters of reference from people with experience handling and/or flying large raptors such as eagles, ferruginous hawks, goshawks (Accipiter gentilis), or great horned owls (Bubo virginianus). Each must contain a concise history of the author's experience with large raptors, which can include, but is not limited to, handling of raptors held by zoos, rehabilitating large raptors, or scientific studies involving large raptors. Each letter must also assess your ability to care for eagles and fly them in falconry.
              (B) A golden eagle, white-tailed eagle, or Steller's sea-eagle you hold will count as one of the raptors you are allowed to possess for use in falconry.
              (3) Taking a test to qualify for a falconry permit. Before you are issued an Apprentice permit you must correctly answer at least 80 percent of the questions on an examination administered by the State, tribe, or territory under which you wish to obtain a falconry permit. The examination must cover care and handling of falconry raptors, Federal, State or territorial, and tribal (if applicable) laws and regulations relevant to falconry, and other appropriate subject matter. Contact your State, tribal, or territorial agency that regulates falconry for information about permits and taking the test.
              (4) Reinstatement of a lapsed falconry permit if your State, tribe, or territory allows it. (i) If your permit has lapsed for fewer than 5 years, it may be reinstated at the level you held previously if you have proof of your certification at that level.
              (ii) If your permit has lapsed for 5 years or longer, you must correctly answer at least 80 percent of the questions on an examination administered by the State, tribe, or territory in which you wish to obtain a falconry permit. If you pass the exam, your permit may be reinstated at the level you previously held. Your facilities must pass State, tribal, or territorial inspection before you may possess a falconry bird.
              (5) Permit to practice falconry at an appropriate level if you have experience in falconry but are a new resident in the United States. You may qualify for the falconry permit appropriate for your experience. To demonstrate your knowledge of U.S. falconry laws and regulations, you must correctly answer at least 80 percent of the questions on the supervised examination for falconers administered by the State, tribe, or territory under which you wish to obtain a falconry permit. If you pass the test, the State, tribe, or territory will decide for which level of falconry permit you are qualified, consistent with the class requirements in paragraph (c)(2) of this section. To do so, the State, tribe, or territory should base its decision on your documentation of your experience. Your falconry facilities must meet the standards in paragraph (d)(1) of this section before you may keep a raptor to use in falconry.
              (6) Banding or tagging raptors used in falconry. (i) If you take a goshawk, Harris's hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus), peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), or gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) from the wild or acquire one from another falconer or a rehabilitator, and if the raptor is not already banded, you must band it with a permanent, nonreusable, numbered U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service leg band that your State, tribal, or territorial agency will supply. If you wish, you may purchase and implant an ISO (International Organization for Standardization)-compliant (134.2 kHz) microchip in addition to the band. You must report the band number when you report your acquisition of the bird. Contact your State, tribal, or territorial agency for information on obtaining and disposing of bands. Within 10 days from the day on which you take the raptor from the wild, you must report take of the bird by submitting the required information (including the band number) using one of the methods listed in paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section. You may request an appropriate band from your State, tribal, or territorial agency in advance of any effort to capture a raptor. Your State, tribe, or territory may require that you band other species taken from the wild.

              (ii) A raptor bred in captivity must be banded with a seamless metal band (see § 21.30). If you must remove a seamless band or if it is lost, within 10 days from the day you remove or note the loss of the band, you must report it and request a replacement U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service nonreusable band from your State, tribe, or territory. You must submit the required information using one of the methods listed in paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section. You must replace a seamless band that is removed or lost. You may implant an ISO-compliant (134.2 kHz) microchip in a falconry raptor in addition to the seamless band.
              (iii) If the band must be removed or is lost from a raptor in your possession, you must report the loss of the band within 5 days, and you must then do at least one of the following:
              (A) Request a U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service nonreusable band from your State, tribal, or territorial agency that regulates falconry. You must submit the required information within 10 days of rebanding the raptor using one of the methods listed in paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section.
              (B) Purchase and implant an ISO-compliant (134.2 kHz) microchip in the bird and report the microchip information using one of the methods listed in paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section.
              (iv) You must not alter, deface, or counterfeit a band. You may remove the rear tab on a band on a raptor you take from the wild, and you may smooth any imperfect surface if you do not affect the integrity of the band or the numbering on it.
              (v) If you document health or injury problems for a raptor you possess that are caused by the band, the State, tribe, or territory may provide an exemption to the requirement for that raptor. In that case, you must keep a copy of the exemption paperwork with you when transporting or flying the raptor. If your bird is a wild goshawk, Harris's hawk, peregrine falcon, or gyrfalcon, you must replace the band with an ISO-compliant microchip that we will supply to your State, tribe, or territory. We will not provide a microchip for a wild goshawk, Harris's hawk, peregrine falcon, or gyrfalcon unless you have demonstrated that a band causes an injury or a health problem for the bird.
              (vi) You may not band a raptor removed from the wild with a seamless numbered band.
              (7) Carrying your permit(s) when conducting falconry activities. You must have your permit(s) or legible copies of them in your immediate possession if you are not at the location of your falconry facilities and you are trapping, transporting, working with, or flying your falconry raptor(s).

              (8) Transporting a falconry raptor or raptors to other States or territories. If you have a valid falconry permit, you may possess and transport for falconry purposes a lawfully possessed raptor through other States or territories. However, any State, tribe, or territory may further regulate such transport.
              (d) Facilities and care requirements—(1) Facilities you must have and maintain. You must keep all raptors you hold under your falconry permit in humane and healthful conditions.
              (i) Whether they are indoors (a “mews”) or outdoors (a “weathering area”), your raptor facilities must protect raptors in them from the environment, predators, and domestic animals. You are responsible for the maintenance and security (protection from predators) of raptors you possess under your permit.
              (ii) You must have raptor housing facilities approved by your State, tribe, or territory before you may obtain a bird to use in falconry. Your State, tribe, or territory may require that you have both indoor and outdoor facilities. A representative of your agency that regulates falconry, or its designee, must certify that your facilities and equipment meet the following standards:
              (A) For housing raptors indoors or outdoors, the facility must protect raptors from predators and domestic animals.
              (1) The facility must have a suitable perch for each raptor, at least one opening for sunlight, and must provide a healthy environment for raptors inside.
              (2) You may house untethered raptors together if they are compatible with each other.
              (3) Each raptor must have an area large enough to allow it to fly if it is untethered or, if tethered, to fully extend its wings or bate (attempt to fly while tethered) without damaging its feathers or contacting other raptors.
              (4) Each falconry bird must have access to a pan of clean water unless weather conditions, the perch type used, or some other factor makes access to a water pan unsafe for the raptor.
              (B) An indoor facility must be large enough to allow easy access for the care and feeding of raptors kept there.
              (1) If raptors you house in this indoor facility are not tethered, all walls that are not solid must be protected on the inside. Suitable materials may include vertical bars spaced narrower than the width of the body of the smallest raptor you house in the enclosure. However, heavy-duty netting or other such materials may be used to cover the walls or roof of the enclosure.
              (2) Acceptable indoor facilities include shelf perch enclosures where raptors are tethered side by side. Other innovative housing systems are acceptable if they provide the enclosed raptors with protection and allow them to maintain healthy feathers.
              (3) An eyas raptor may be kept in any suitable container or enclosure until it is capable of flight.
              (C) You may keep a falconry raptor or raptors inside your place of residence if you provide a suitable perch or perches. If you house your raptor(s) inside your home, you do not need to modify windows or other openings of the structure. Raptors kept in your home must be tethered when they are not being moved into or out of the location in which they are kept.
              (D) An outdoor facility must be totally enclosed, and may be made of heavy-gauge wire, heavy-duty plastic mesh, slats, pipe, wood, or other suitable material.
              (1) The facility must be covered and have at least a covered perch to protect a raptor held in it from predators and weather.
              (2) The facility must be large enough to insure that the birds cannot strike the enclosure when flying from the perch.
              (3) New types of housing facilities and/or husbandry practices may be used if they satisfy the requirements above and are approved by the State, tribal, or territorial authority regulating falconry.

              (iii) You may keep falconry raptors outside in the open if they are under watch, such as by you or a family member at any location or, for example, by a designated individual in a weathering yard at a falconry meet.

              (iv) You must inform your State, tribal, or territorial agency within 5 business days if you change the location of your facilities.
              (2) Falconry facilities on property you do not own—(i) Your falconry facilities may be on property owned by another person where you reside, or at a different location. Regardless of location, the facilities must meet the standards in paragraph (d)(1) of this section and those of the State, tribe, or territory from which you have a falconry permit.
              (ii) You must submit to your State, tribal, or territorial agency that regulates falconry a signed and dated statement showing that you agree that the falconry facilities and raptors may be inspected without advance notice by State, tribal (if applicable), or territorial authorities at any reasonable time of day, but you must be present. If your facilities are not on property that you own, you must submit a signed and dated statement showing that the property owner agrees that the falconry facilities and raptors may be inspected by State, tribal (if applicable), or territorial authorities at any reasonable time of day in the presence of the property owner; except that the authorities may not enter the facilities or disturb the raptors unless you are present.
              (3) Equipment you must have and maintain. You must have jesses or the materials and equipment to make them, leash and swivel, bath container, and appropriate scales or balances for weighing raptor(s) you possess.
              (4) Facilities you must have for a raptor when you are transporting it, using it for hunting, or are away from your home with it. You must be sure that the bird has a suitable perch and is protected from extreme temperatures, wind, and excessive disturbance. A “giant hood” or similar container is acceptable for transporting or housing a raptor when you are away from the permanent facility where it is housed.
              (5) Temporarily housing a raptor outside of your permanent facilities when you are not transporting it or using it for hunting. You may house a raptor in temporary facilities for no more than 120 consecutive calendar days if the bird has a suitable perch and is protected from predators, domestic animals, extreme temperatures, wind, and excessive disturbance.
              (6) Care of falconry raptors by another falconry permittee. Another falconry permittee may care for a raptor or raptors for you at your facilities or at that person's facilities for up to 120 consecutive calendar days. The other person must have a signed and dated statement from you authorizing the temporary possession, plus a copy of FWS form 3-186A that shows that you are the possessor of each of the raptors. The statement must include information about the time period for which he or she will keep the raptor(s), and about what he or she is allowed to do with it or them.
              (i) Your raptor(s) will remain on your falconry permit, and will not be counted against the possession limit of the person caring for your raptors.
              (ii) If the person caring for your raptor(s) holds the appropriate level falconry permit, he or she may fly your raptor(s) in whatever way you authorize, including hunting.
              (iii) This care of your raptors may be extended indefinitely in extenuating circumstances, such as illness, military service, or for a family emergency. The State, tribe, or territory may consider such instances on a case-by-case basis.
              (7) Care of falconry raptors by someone who does not have a falconry permit. Another person may care for falconry birds you possess at your facilities for up to 45 consecutive calendar days.
              (i) The raptor(s) will remain on your falconry permit.
              (ii) The raptors must remain in your facilities.
              (iii) This care may be extended indefinitely in extenuating circumstances, such as illness, military service, or for a family emergency.
              (iv) The person(s) caring for your raptors may not fly them for any reason.
              (8) Residence part of the year in another jurisdiction. (i) The State, tribe, or territory in which you live part-time may require that you obtain its falconry permit. You must contact the State, tribal, or territorial agency that regulates falconry to determine whether you need a permit.

              (ii) If you live for more than 120 consecutive days in a State or territory or on tribal lands other than where you maintain your primary residence, your falconry facilities in the second State must meet the standards in this section.
              (9) Inspections. Falconry equipment and records may be inspected in the presence of the permittee during business hours on any day of the week by State, tribal, or territorial officials.
              (e) Taking, possessing, and transporting raptors for falconry—(1) Raptor species you may take from the wild to use for falconry. (i) You may not intentionally capture a raptor species that your classification as a falconer does not allow you to possess for falconry. If you capture a bird you are not allowed to possess, you must release it immediately.
              (ii) On some tribal lands and in some States there may be State, tribal, or Federal restrictions on the take or use of these species, and you may need a tribal or State permit or permits to capture a bird.
              (iii) State, tribal, or territorial regulations on take may be more restrictive than those in this section.
              (iv) Take of any species must be in compliance with these regulations.
              (v) If you are a Master Falconer and your State, tribe, or territory allows you to possess golden eagles, in any year you may take up to two golden eagles from the wild and only in a livestock depredation area during the time the depredation area and associated depredation permit or depredation control order are in effect. A livestock depredation area is declared by USDA Wildlife Services and permitted under § 22.23, or upon the request of a State governor and authorized by the Service Director pursuant to §§ 22.31 and 22.32.
              (2) How and when you may take raptors from the wild to use in falconry. You may take no more than two raptors from the wild each year to use in falconry.
              (i) If you transfer a bird you take from the wild to another permittee in the same year in which you capture it, the bird will count as one of the raptors you are allowed to take from the wild that year; it will not count as a capture by the recipient, though it will always be considered a wild bird.
              (ii) If you are a General or Master Falconer, you may remove nestlings from a nest or aerie in accordance with tribal (if applicable), State, territorial, and Federal restrictions.
              (iii) You may not take raptors at any time or in any manner that violates any law of the State, tribe, or territory on whose land you are trapping.
              (iv) If you are responsible for reporting take of a raptor from the wild, use one of the methods listed in paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section. You must do this at your first opportunity to do so, but no later than 10 days after the capture of the bird.
              (v) If you are present at the capture site, even if another person captures the bird for you, you are considered the person who removes the bird from the wild. You are responsible for filing a 3-186A form reporting take of the bird from the wild. This would occur, for example, if another person climbs a tree or rappells down a cliff and takes a nestling for you and gives it to you at the tree or cliff.
              (vi) If you are not at the immediate location where the bird is taken from the wild, the person who removes the bird from the wild must be a General or Master Falconer, and must report take of the bird. If that person then transfers the bird to you, you must both file 3-186A forms reporting the transaction at your first opportunity to do so, but no later than 10 days after the transfer. The bird will count as one of the two raptors the person who took it from the wild is allowed to capture in any year. The bird will not count as a bird you took from the wild. The person who takes the bird from the wild must report the take even if he or she promptly transfers the bird to you.
              (vii) If you have a long-term or permanent physical impairment that prevents you from attending the capture of a species you can use for falconry, a General or Master Falconer may capture a bird for you. You are then responsible for filing a 3-186A form reporting take of the bird from the wild, and the bird will count against the take of wild raptors that you are allowed in any year.
              (viii) You must promptly release any bird you capture unintentionally.
              (3) Other restrictions on taking raptors from the wild for falconry. (i) If you are a General or Master Falconer, you may take only raptors less than 1 year of age from the wild during any period or periods specified by the State, tribe, or territory. However, you may take an American kestrel or great horned owl of any age from the wild during any period or periods specified by the State, tribe, or territory.
              (ii) If you are a Master Falconer authorized to possess golden eagles for use in falconry, you may capture a golden eagle in a livestock or wildlife depredation area during the time the depredation area and associated depredation permit or depredation control order are in effect.
              (A) You may capture an immature or subadult golden eagle.
              (B) You may take a nestling from its nest in a livestock depredation area if a biologist representing the agency responsible for declaring the depredation area has determined that the adult eagle is preying on livestock or wildlif
              (C) You may take a nesting adult golden eagle only if a biologist representing the agency responsible for declaring the depredation area has determined that the adult eagle is preying on livestock or wildlife and that any nestling of the adult will be taken by a falconer authorized to possess it or by the biologist and transferred to an individual authorized to possess it.

              (D) You must determine the locations of the livestock or wildlife depredation areas declared by USDA Wildlife Services, or published in the Federal Register by the Service in response to a State governor's request. We will not notify you about them.

              (E) Before you begin any trapping activities, you must inform our regional Law Enforcement office of your capture plans. You must notify the office in person, in writing, or via facsimile or email at least 3 business days before you start trapping. You may send an email with your trapping plans to lawenforcement@fws.gov, or you may deliver your trapping plans in person or by mail to the Law Enforcement office in your region at the applicable street address provided at 50 CFR 2.2. Telephone and fax numbers are as follows:

                  Region
                  Law enforcement office telephone number
                  Law enforcement office fax number

                  1
                  503-231-6125
                  503-231-2193

                  2
                  505-248-7889
                  505-248-7899

                  3
                  612-713-5320
                  612-713-5283

                  4
                  404-679-7057
                  404-679-7065

                  5
                  413-253-8274
                  413-253-8459

                  6
                  303-236-7540
                  303-236-7901

                  7
                  907-786-3311
                  907-786-3313

                  8
                  916-414-6660
                  916-414-6715

              (F) You also must meet all requirements of the State or territory in which you plan to trap, or the tribe on whose lands you plan to trap.
              (G) You must have permission from the landowner to capture an eagle; or if you wish to capture one on public land, the responsible agency must allow it.
              (iii) You may recapture a falconry bird you have lost at any time. We do not consider recapture of a wild bird to be taking a bird from the wild.
              (iv) You may recapture a raptor wearing falconry equipment or a captive-bred bird at any time - even if you are not allowed to possess the species. The bird will not count against your possession limit, nor will its take from the wild count against your limit. You must report your recapture of the bird to your State, tribal, or territorial agency that regulates falconry no more than 5 working days after the recapture. You must return a recaptured falconry bird to the person who lost it, if that person may legally possess it. Disposition of a bird whose legal possession cannot be determined will be at the discretion of the State, tribe, or territory.
              (v) You may take any raptor that you are authorized to possess from the wild if the bird is banded with a Federal Bird Banding Laboratory aluminum bandexcept that you may not take a banded peregrine falcon from the wild.

              (A) If a raptor (including a peregrine falcon) you capture is marked with a seamless metal band, a transmitter, or any other item identifying it as a falconry bird, you must report your capture of the bird to your State, tribal, or territorial agency that regulates falconry no more than 5 working days after the capture. You must return a recaptured falconry bird to the person who lost it. If that person cannot possess the bird or does not wish to possess it, you may keep it. Otherwise, disposition of a bird whose legal possession cannot be determined will be at the discretion of the State, tribe, or territory. While you keep a bird for return to the person who lost it, the bird will not count against your possession limit or your limit on take of raptors from the wild if you have reported possessing the bird to your State, tribal, or territorial falconry permit office.
              (B) If you capture a peregrine falcon that has a research band (such as a colored band with alphanumeric codes) or a research marking attached to it, you must immediately release the bird, except that if the falcon has a transmitter attached to it, you are authorized to possess the bird up to 30 days if you wish to contact the researcher to determine if he or she wishes to replace the transmitter or its batteries. If the researcher wishes to do so, or to have the transmitter removed, the researcher or his or her designee can make the change or allow you to do so before you release the bird. If the researcher does not wish to keep the transmitter on the falcon, you may keep the bird if you captured it in circumstances in which capture of wild peregrines is allowed.
              (C) If a raptor you capture has any other band, research marking, or transmitter attached to it, you must promptly report the band numbers and all other relevant information to the Federal Bird Banding Laboratory at 1-800-327-2263.
              (1) You may contact the researcher and determine if he or she wishes to replace a transmitter attached to a bird you capture. If so, you are authorized to possess the bird up to 30 days until the researcher or his or her designee does so, or until you can replace it yourself. Disposition of the bird will be at the discretion of the researcher and your State, tribal, or territorial agency that regulates falconry.
              (2) If you possess such a bird temporarily, it will not count against your possession limit for falconry raptors.
              (vi) You must leave at least one young from any nest or aerie from which you take a nestling.
              (vii) If you are an Apprentice Falconer, you may not take a nestling from the wild.
              (viii) If you are a Master Falconer with a permit to do so, you may take, transport, or possess up to three eagles, including golden eagles, white-tailed eagles, or Steller's sea-eagles, subject to the requirements in paragraph (c)(2)(iv) of this section and § 22.24 of this part. A golden eagle, white-tailed eagle, or Steller's sea-eagle you possess counts as a bird to be included under your possession limit.
              (ix) If you are a General or Master Falconer, you may take no more than one bird of a threatened species from the wild each year if the regulations in part 17 of this subchapter allow it and if you obtain a Federal endangered species permit to do so before you take the bird. You also may need a State, tribal, or territorial endangered species permit to take a listed species.
              (4) Take of a species or subspecies that was recently removed from the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife to use in falconry. We must first publish a management plan for the species. If take is allowed in the management plan, you may do so in accordance with the provisions for take in the plan.
              (5) Raptors injured due to falconer trapping efforts. You have two options for dealing with a bird injured by your trapping efforts. In either case, you are responsible for the costs of care and rehabilitation of the bird.
              (i) You may put the bird on your falconry permit. You must report take of the bird using one of the methods listed in paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section at your first opportunity to do so, but no more than 10 days after capture of the bird. You must then have the bird treated by a veterinarian or a permitted wildlife rehabilitator. The bird will count against your possession limit.
              (ii) You may give the bird directly to a veterinarian, or a permitted wildlife rehabilitator, or an appropriate wildlife agency employee. If you do so, it will not count against your allowed take or the number of raptors you may possess.
              (6) Acquisition, transfer, loss, or rebanding of a raptor. (i) If you acquire a raptor; transfer, reband, or microchip a raptor; if a raptor you possess is stolen; if you lose a raptor to the wild and you do not recover it within 30 days; or if a bird you possess for falconry dies; you must report the change within 10 days using one of the methods listed in paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section.
              (ii) If a raptor you possess is stolen, you must report the theft to your State, tribal, or territorial agency that regulates falconry and to your Fish and Wildlife Service Regional Law Enforcement office (see paragraph (e)(3)(ii)(E) of this section) within 10 days of the theft of the bird.
              (iii) You must keep copies of all electronic database submissions documenting take, transfer, loss, rebanding or microchipping of each falconry raptor until 5 years after you have transferred or lost the bird, or it has died.
              (7) Acquiring a bird for falconry from a permitted rehabilitator. You may acquire a raptor of any age of a species that you are permitted to possess directly from a rehabilitator. Transfer to you is at the discretion of the rehabilitator.
              (i) If you acquire a bird from a rehabilitator, within 10 days of the transaction you must report it using one of the methods listed in paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section.
              (ii) If you acquire a bird from a rehabilitator, it will count as one of the raptors you are allowed to take from the wild that year.
              (8) Flying a hybrid raptor in falconry. When flown free, a hybrid raptor must have attached at least two functioning radio transmitters to help you to locate the bird.
              (9) Releasing a falconry bird to the wild. You must follow all applicable State or territorial and Federal laws and regulations before releasing a falconry bird to the wild.
              (i) If the raptor you wish to release is not native to the State or territory, or is a hybrid of any kind, you may not permanently release the bird to the wild. You may transfer it to another falconry permittee.
              (ii) If the species you wish to release is native to the State or territory and is captive-bred, you may not release the bird to the wild unless you have permission from the State, tribe, or territory to release the bird. If you are permitted to do so, you must hack the bird (allow it to adjust) to the wild at an appropriate time of year and an appropriate location. You must remove its falconry band (if it has one) and report release of the bird by submitting the required information using one of the methods listed in paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section.
              (iii) If the species you wish to release is native to the State and was taken from the wild, you may release the bird only at an appropriate time of year and an appropriate location. You must remove its falconry band and report release of the bird by submitting the required information using one of the methods listed in paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section.
              (10) Restrictions on transfers of falconry raptors from other falconers. We do not restrict the number of wild-caught or captive-bred raptors transferred to you, but you may not exceed your possession limit.
              (f) Additional information on the practice of falconry—(1) Raptors removed from the wild for falconry are always considered “wild” raptors. No matter how long such a bird is held in captivity or whether it is transferred to another permittee or permit type, it is always considered a “wild” bird. However, it is considered to be taken from the wild only by the person who originally captured it. We do not consider the raptor to be taken from the wild by any subsequent permittee to whom it is legally transferred.
              (2) “Hacking” of falconry raptors. Hacking (temporary release to the wild) is an approved method for falconers to condition raptors for falconry. If you are a General Falconer or a Master Falconer, you may hack a falconry raptor or raptors.
              (i) You may need permission from your State, tribal, or territorial wildlife agency to hack a bird you possess for falconry. Check with your State, tribal, or territorial agency that regulates falconry to determine if hacking is allowed.
              (ii) Any bird you are hacking counts against your possession limit and must be a species you are authorized to possess.

              (iii) Any hybrid you hack must have two attached functioning radio transmitters during hacking.

              (iv) You may not hack a falconry bird near a nesting area of a Federally threatened or endangered bird species or in any other location where the raptor is likely to harm a Federally listed threatened or endangered animal species that might be disturbed or taken by your falconry bird. You should contact your State or territorial wildlife agency before hacking a falconry bird to ensure that this does not occur. You can contact the State Fish and Wildlife Service office in your State or territory for information on Federally-listed species.
              (3) Use of other falconry training or conditioning techniques. You may use other acceptable falconry practices, such as, but not limited to, the use of creance (tethered) flying, lures, balloons, or kites in training or conditioning falconry raptors. You also may fly falconry birds at bird species not protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act or at pen-raised animals.
              (4) Selling or trading raptors under a falconry permit. (i) If allowed by your State, tribe or territory, you may sell, purchase, or barter, or offer to sell, purchase, or barter captive-bred raptors marked with seamless bands to other permittees who are authorized to possess them.
              (ii) You may not purchase, sell, trade, or barter wild raptors. You may only transfer them.
              (5) Transfer of wild-caught raptors captured for falconry to another type of permit. Under some circumstances you may transfer a raptor to another permit type if the recipient of the bird (which could be you) possesses the necessary permits for the other activity.
              (i) If your State, tribe, or territory allows you to do so, you may transfer a wild-caught falconry bird to a raptor propagation permit after the bird has been used in falconry for at least 2 years (1 year for a sharp-shinned hawk, a Cooper's hawk, a merlin, or an American kestrel). When you transfer the bird, you must provide a copy of the 3-186A form documenting acquisition of the bird by the propagator to the Federal migratory bird permit office that administers the propagation permit.
              (ii) You may transfer a wild-caught bird to another permit type in less than 2 years (1 year for a sharp-shinned hawk, a Cooper's hawk, a merlin, or an American kestrel) if the bird has been injured and a veterinarian or permitted wildlife rehabilitator has determined that the bird can no longer be flown for falconry.
              (A) Within 10 days of transferring the bird , you must provide a copy of the 3-186A form documenting acquisition of the bird to the Federal migratory bird permit office that administers the other permit type.
              (B) When you transfer the bird, you must provide a copy of the certification from the veterinarian or rehabilitator that the bird is not useable in falconry to the Federal migratory bird permits office that administers the other permit type.
              (6) Transfer of captive-bred falconry raptors to another type of permit. You may transfer captive-bred falconry raptors if the holder of the other permit type is authorized to possess the bird(s). Within 10 days, you must report the transfer by submitting the required information using one of the methods listed in paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section.
              (7) Use of raptors held under a falconry permit in captive propagation. You may use raptors you possess for falconry in captive propagation if you or the person overseeing the propagation has the necessary permit(s) (see § 21.30). You do not need to transfer a bird from your falconry permit if you use it for fewer than 8 months in a year in captive propagation, but you must do so if you permanently transfer the bird for propagation. The bird must then be banded as required in § 21.30.
              (8) Use of falconry raptors in conservation education programs. If you are a General or Master Falconer, you may use a bird you possess in conservation education programs presented in public venues.
              (i) You do not need a Federal education permit to conduct conservation education activities using a falconry raptor held under a State, tribal, or territorial falconry permit.

              (ii) You may present conservation programs as an Apprentice Falconer if you are under the supervision of a General or Master Falconer when you do so.

              (iii) You must use the bird primarily for falconry.
              (iv) You may charge a fee for presentation of a conservation education program. The fee may not exceed the amount required to recoup your costs.
              (v) In conservation education programs, you must provide information about the biology, ecological roles, and conservation needs of raptors and other migratory birds, although not all of these topics must be addressed in every presentation. You may not give presentations that do not address falconry and conservation education.

              (vi) You are responsible for all liability associated with conservation education activities you undertake (see 50 CFR 13.50).
              (9) Other educational uses of falconry raptors. You may allow photography, filming, or other such uses of falconry raptors to make movies or other sources of information on the practice of falconry or on the biology, ecological roles, and conservation needs of raptors and other migratory birds, though you may not be paid for doing so.
              (i) You may not use falconry raptors to make movies, commercials, or in other commercial ventures that are not related to falconry.
              (ii) You may not use falconry raptors for commercial entertainment; for advertisements; as a representation of any business, company, corporation, or other organization; or for promotion or endorsement of any products, merchandise, goods, services, meetings, or fairs, with the following exceptions:
              (A) You may use a falconry raptor to promote or endorse a nonprofit falconry organization or association.
              (B) You may use a falconry raptor to promote or endorse products or endeavors related to falconry, including, but not limited to items such as hoods, telemetry equipment, giant hoods, perches, materials for raptor facilities, falconry training and education materials, and scientific research and publication.
              (10) Assisting in rehabilitation of raptors to prepare them for release. If your State, tribe, or territory allows you to do so, and if you are a General or Master Falconer, you may assist a permitted migratory bird rehabilitator to condition raptors in preparation for their release to the wild. You may keep a bird you are helping to rehabilitate in your facilities.
              (i) The rehabilitator must provide you with a letter or form that identifies the bird and explains that you are assisting in its rehabilitation.
              (ii) You do not need to meet the rehabilitator facility standards. You need only meet the facility standards in this section; your facilities are not subject to inspection for compliance with the standards in § 21.31.
              (iii) You do not have to add any raptor you possess for this purpose to your falconry permit; it will remain under the permit of the rehabilitator.
              (iv) You must return any such bird that cannot be permanently released to the wild to the rehabilitator for placement within the 180-day timeframe in which the rehabilitator is authorized to possess the bird, unless the issuing office authorizes you to retain the bird for longer than 180 days.
              (v) Upon coordination with the rehabilitator, you must release all releaseable raptors to the wild or return them to the rehabilitator for release within the 180-day timeframe in which the rehabilitator is authorized to possess the birds, unless the issuing office authorizes you to retain and condition a bird for longer than 180 days, or unless the rehabilitator transfers the bird to you to hold under your falconry permit.
              (11) Using a falconry bird in abatement activities. (i) If you are a Master Falconer, you may conduct abatement activities with a bird or birds you possess for falconry. If you are a General Falconer, you may conduct abatement activities only as a subpermittee of the holder of the abatement permit.
              (ii) You may receive payment for providing abatement services if you have a Special Purpose Abatement permit.
              (12) Feathers that a falconry bird or birds molts. (i) For imping (replacing a damaged feather with a molted feather), you may possess tail feathers and primary and secondary wing feathers for each species of raptor you possess or previously held for as long as you have a valid falconry permit. You may receive feathers for imping from other permitted falconers, wildlife rehabilitators, or propagators in the United States, and you may give feathers to them. You may not buy, sell, or barter such feathers.
              (ii) You may donate feathers from a falconry bird, except golden eagle feathers, to any person or institution with a valid permit to have them, or to anyone exempt from the permit requirement under § 21.12.
              (iii) Except for primary or secondary flight feathers or retrices from a golden eagle, you are not required to gather feathers that are molted or otherwise lost by a falconry bird. You may leave the feathers where they fall, store them for imping, or destroy them. However, you must collect molted flight feathers and retrices from a golden eagle. If you choose not to keep them for imping, you must send them to the National Eagle Repository.
              (iv) We request that you send all feathers (including body feathers) that you collect from any falconry golden eagle and that you do not need for imping, to the National Eagle Repository at the following address: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Eagle Repository, Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Building 128, Commerce City, Colorado 80022. The telephone number at the Repository is 303-287-2110.
              (v) If your permit expires or is revoked, you must donate the feathers of any species of falconry raptor except a golden eagle to any person or any institution exempt from the permit requirement under § 21.12 or authorized by permit to acquire and possess the feathers. If you do not donate the feathers, you must burn, bury, or otherwise destroy them.
              (13) Disposition of carcasses of falconry birds that die. (i) You must send the entire body of a golden eagle you held for falconry, including all feathers, talons, and other parts, to the National Eagle Repository.
              (ii) You may donate the body or feathers of any other species of falconry raptor to any person or institution exempt under § 21.12 or authorized by permit to acquire and possess such parts or feathers.
              (iii) If the bird was banded or microchipped prior to its death, you may keep the body of any falconry raptor except that of a golden eagle. You may keep the body so that the feathers are available for imping, or you may have the body mounted by a taxidermist. You may use the mount in giving conservation education programs. If the bird was banded, you must leave the band on the body. If the bird has an implanted microchip, you must leave the microchip in place.
              (iv) If you do not wish to donate the bird body or feathers or keep it yourself, you must burn, bury, or otherwise destroy it or them within 10 days of the death of the bird or after final examination by a veterinarian to determine cause of death. Carcasses of euthanized raptors could pose a risk of secondary poisoning of eagles and other scavengers. You must take appropriate precautions to avoid such poisonings.
              (v) If you do not donate the bird body or feathers or have the body mounted by a taxidermist, you may possess the flight feathers for as long as you have a valid falconry permit. However, you may not buy, sell, or barter the feathers. You must keep the paperwork documenting your acquisition of the bird.
              (14) Visitors practicing falconry in the United States. (i) A visitor to the United States may qualify for a temporary falconry permit appropriate for his or her experience.
              (A) The permit may be valid for any period specified by the State, tribe, or territory.
              (B) To demonstrate knowledge of U.S. falconry laws and regulations, the visitor must correctly answer at least 80 percent of the questions on the supervised examination for falconers administered by the tribe, State, or territory from which he or she wishes to obtain a temporary falconry permit. If the visitor passes the test, the tribe, State, or territory will decide for what level of temporary permit the person is qualified. The decision should be based on the individual's documentation of his or her experience.
              (C) If you hold a temporary falconry permit, you may possess raptors for falconry if you have approved falconry facilities.

              (D) A holder of a temporary falconry permit may fly raptors held for falconry by a permitted falconer.

              (E) A holder of a temporary falconry permit may not take a bird from the wild to use in falconry.
              (ii) For the duration of a permit from a State, tribe, or territory, a visitor may use any bird for falconry that he or she possess legally in his or her country of residence for that purpose, provided that import of that species to the United States is not prohibited, and provided that he or she has met all permitting requirements of his or her country of residence.
              (A) A visitor must comply with the provisions in this section, those of the State, tribe or territory where he or she wishes to conduct falconry, and all States through which he or she will travel with the bird.

              (B) The visitor may transport registered raptors. He or she may need one or more additional permits to bring a raptor into the United States or to return home with it (see 50 CFR part 14 (importation, exportation, and transportation of wildlife), part 15 (Wild Bird Conservation Act), part 17 (endangered and threatened species), part 21 (migratory bird import and export permits), and part 23 (endangered species convention)).
              (C) Unless the visitor has the necessary permit(s) to bring a raptor into the United States and leave it here, he or she must take raptors brought into the country for falconry out of the country when he or she leaves. If a raptor brought into the United States dies or is lost while in this country, the visitor must document the loss before leaving the United States by reporting the loss to the State, tribal, or territorial agency that governs falconry where the bird was lost.
              (D) When flown free, any bird brought to this country temporarily must have two attached radio transmitters that will allow the falconer to locate it.
              (E)There also may be tribal or State restrictions on nonresidents practicing falconry or importing a raptor or raptors held for falconry.
              (15) Taking falconry raptors to another country to use in falconry activities. A permit issued under this section authorizes you to export and then import raptors you legally possess for falconry to another country to use in falconry without an additional migratory bird import/export permit issued under § 21.21.
              (i) You must meet any requirements in 50 CFR 14 subpart B.

              (ii) You may need one or more additional permits to take a bird from the United States or to return home with it (see 50 CFR part 15 (Wild Bird Conservation Act), part 17 (endangered and threatened species), and part 23 (endangered species convention)).
              (iii) Unless you have the necessary permit(s) to permanently export a raptor from the United States, you must bring any raptor you take out of the country for falconry back to the United States when you return. Each raptor must be covered by a CITES certificate of ownership issued under part 23 of this chapter. You must have full documentation of the lawful origin of each raptor (a copy of a propagation report with band number or a 3-186A report), and each must be identifiable with a seamless band or a permanent, nonreusable, numbered Fish and Wildlife Service leg band issued by the Service or an implanted microchip for identification.
              (iv) If the raptor dies or is lost, you are not required to bring it back but must report the loss immediately upon your return to the United States in the manner required by the falconry regulations of your State, and any conditions on your CITES certificate.
              (16) Permission to capture, fly, or release a falconry bird at any location. You do not need special or written permission for any of these activities on public lands if it is authorized. However, you must comply with all applicable Federal, State, tribal, or territorial laws regarding falconry activities, including hunting. Your falconry permit does not authorize you to capture or release raptors or practice falconry on public lands if it is prohibited on those lands, or on private property, without permission from the landowner or custodian.
              (17) Practicing falconry in the vicinity of a Federally listed threatened or endangered animal species. In practicing falconry you must ensure that your activities do not cause the take of Federally listed threatened or endangered wildlife. “Take” under the Endangered Species Act means “to harass, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect or attempt to engage in any such conduct” (Endangered Species Act § 3(18)). Within this definition, “harass” means any act that may injure wildlife by disrupting normal behavior, including breeding, feeding, or sheltering, and harm” means an act that actually kills or injures wildlife (50 CFR 17.3). To obtain information about threatened or endangered species that may occur in your State or on tribal lands where you wish to practice falconry, contact your State, tribal, or territorial agency that regulates falconry. You can contact your State Fish and Wildlife Service office for information on Federally-listed species.
              (18) Trapping a bird for use in falconry in areas used by the northern aplomado falcon. Capture of a northern aplomado falcon (Falco femoralis septentrionalis) is not authorized because it is a violation of the Endangered Species Act. To avoid trapping northern aplomado falcons, you must comply with the following conditions when trapping a bird for use in falconry in the following counties.

                  If you trap in
                  You may trap a bird for falconry in the following counties if you comply with the conditions below.

                  (i) Arizona,
                  Cochise, Graham, Pima, Pinal, or Santa Cruz.

                  (ii) New Mexico,
                  Doa Ana, Eddy, Grant, Hidalgo, Lea, Luna, Otero, Sierra, or Socorro.

                  (iii) Texas,
                  Aransas, Brewster, Brooks, Calhoun, Cameron, Culberson, Duval, Ector, El Paso, Hidalgo, Hudspeth, Jackson, Jeff Davis, Kenedy, Kinney, Kleberg, Matagorda, Maverick, Midland, Nueces, Pecos, Presidio, Reeves, Refugio, San Patricio, Starr, Terrell, Val Verde, Victoria, Webb, Willacy, or Zapata.

              (iv) If you are an Apprentice Falconer, you must be accompanied by a General or Master Falconer when trapping in one of these counties.
              (v) You may not begin trapping if you observe a northern aplomado falcon in the vicinity of your intended trapping effort.
              (vi) You must suspend trapping if a northern aplomado falcon arrives in the vicinity of your trapping effort.
              (19) Prey item killed by a falconry bird without your intent, including an animal taken outside of a regular hunting season. (i) You may allow your falconry bird to feed on the animal, but you may not take the animal into your possession.
              (ii) You must report take of any federally listed threatened or endangered species to our Ecological Services Field Office for the location in which the take occurred.
              (20) Take of bird species for which a depredation order is in place. With a falconry bird, you may take any species listed in parts 21.43, 44, 45, or 46 of this subchapter at any time in accordance with the conditions of the applicable depredation order, as long as you are not paid for doing so.
              (21) Transfer of falconry raptors if a permittee dies. A surviving spouse, executor, administrator, or other legal representative of a deceased falconry permittee may transfer any bird held by the permittee to another authorized permittee within 90 days of the death of the falconry permittee. After 90 days, disposition of a bird held under the permit is at the discretion of the authority that issued it.
              (g) Applying for a falconry permit. If you apply for a falconry permit, you must include the following information plus any other information required by your State, tribe, or territory.
              (1) The completed application form from your State, tribal, or territorial agency that regulates falconry permits.
              (2) Proof that you have passed the falconry test administered by the State, tribe, or territory where you maintain your legal residence, or proof that you have previously held a falconry permit at the level you seek.
              (3) For an Apprentice permit, you must provide the following:

              (i) A letter from a General or Master Falconer stating that he or she has agreed to assist you in learning about the husbandry and training of raptors held for falconry and about relevant wildlife laws and regulations, and in deciding what species of raptor is appropriate for you to possess while an Apprentice.

              (ii) An original, signed certification that you are particularly familiar with § 10.13 of this subchapter, the list of migratory bird species to which the Migratory Bird Treaty Act applies; part 13 of this subchapter, general permit regulations; part 21 of this subchapter, migratory bird permits; and part 22 of this subchapter, eagle permits. The certification can be incorporated into tribal and State application forms, and must be worded as follows:

                  I certify that I have read and am familiar with the regulations in title 50, part 13, of the Code of Federal Regulations and the other applicable parts in subchapter B of chapter I of title 50, and that the information I have submitted is complete and accurate to the best of my knowledge and belief. I understand that any false statement herein may subject me to the criminal penalties of 18 U.S.C. 1001.

              (4) For an Apprentice or General Falconry permit, a parent or legal guardian must co-sign your application if you are under 18.
              (5) For a General Falconer permit:
              (i) Information documenting your experience maintaining falconry raptors, including a summary of what species you held as an Apprentice Falconer and how long you possessed each bird, and
              (ii) A letter from a General Falconer or Master Falconer (preferably your sponsor) attesting that you have practiced falconry with raptor(s) at the Apprentice Falconer level for at least 2 years, including maintaining, training, flying, and hunting the raptor(s) for at least 4 months in each year.
              (6) For a Master Falconer permit, you must attest that you have practiced falconry at the General Falconer level for at least 5 years.
              (h) Updating a falconry permit after a move. If you move to a new State or outside the jurisdiction of your tribe or territory and take falconry birds with you, within 30 days you must inform both your former State, tribe, or territory and the permitting authority for your new place of residence of your address change. To obtain a new falconry permit, you must follow the permit application procedures of the authority under which you wish to acquire a new permit. You may keep falconry birds you hold while you apply for a new falconry permit. However, the State, tribe, or territory into which you move may place restrictions on your possession of falconry birds until you meet the residency requirements there.
              (i) Restoration of revoked permits. Upon request of the person whose permit has been revoked, the State, tribe, or territory may restore the person's falconry permit at the end of the revocation period.
              (j) Information collection requirements. The information collection required for falconry applications and for falconry bird disposition on FWS Form 3-186A is approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1018-0022. The information is necessary to determine take of raptors from the wild for falconry.
              (k) Database required of States, tribes, and territories. Each State, tribe, or territory that permits falconry must maintain information in a database. The information will enable enforcement of this section.
              (1) The State, tribal, or territorial database must be compatible with the database that we maintain. The State, tribal, or territorial database must contain the following information:
              (i) The current address of each person with a falconry permit.
              (ii) The classification of each person with a falconry permit - Apprentice Falconer, General Falconer, or Master Falconer.
              (iii) The address of the falconry facilities of each person with a falconry permit.
              (iv) The Federal falconry identifier number assigned via the 3-186A system to each person with a falconry permit.
              (v) Whether each permittee is authorized to possess eagles.
              (vi) Information on the status of each person's permit: whether it is active, suspended, or revoked.

              (2) Information on each permit granted, including changes in status from Apprentice Falconer to General Falconer or General Falconer to Master Falconer, and moves of falconers or their facilities must be entered into the State's, tribe's, or territory's database within 30 days of the granting of the permit or a falconer's change in status. New additions to the State, tribal, or territorial database must be forwarded to us monthly.
              [73 FR 59465, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 74 FR 64640, Dec. 8, 2009; 75 FR 931, Jan. 7, 2010; 75 FR 3395, Jan. 21, 2010; 75 FR 81141, Dec. 27, 2010; 76 FR 71912, Nov. 21, 2011; 77 FR 66408, Nov. 5, 2012; 78 FR 35152, June 12, 2013; 78 FR 72832, Dec. 4, 2013; 80 FR 38015, July 2, 2015]

              § 21.30
              Raptor propagation permits.
              (a) Legal basis for regulating raptor propagation. (1) Among other actions, the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) (16 U.S.C. 703 et seq.) prohibits any person from capturing from the wild, possessing, purchasing, bartering, selling, or offering to purchase, barter, or sell raptors (vultures, kites, eagles, hawks, caracaras, falcons, and owls) listed in § 10.13 of this chapter unless the activities are allowed by Federal permit issued pursuant to this part and part 13 of this chapter, or as permitted by regulations in this part.

              (i) This section covers all “native” raptors (accipitriformes, falconiformes, and strigiformes listed in § 10.13 of this chapter), and applies to any person who possesses one or more wild-caught, captive-bred, or hybrid raptors protected under the MBTA to use in raptor propagation, except that neither bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) nor golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) may be propagated under these regulations or any other permit regulation listed in part 21 of this chapter.
              (ii) You must have a Federal raptor propagation permit before you may capture from the wild, possess, transport, import, purchase, barter, or offer to sell, purchase, or barter any raptor, raptor egg, or raptor semen for propagation purposes. Your State may require that you also have a State permit.
              (2) Other regulations, such as those for the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, the Wild Bird Conservation Act, and State regulations, may affect propagation-related activities. In cases in which more than one set of regulations affect raptor propagation, the most restrictive requirements affecting the activity will apply.
              (b) Species available for raptor propagation. If you have a raptor propagation permit, you may attempt to propagate any species of raptor listed in § 10.13 of this chapter, with the following exceptions:
              (1) You may not propagate bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) or golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) under a raptor propagation permit or any other permit regulation listed in part 21 of this chapter.
              (2) If you are authorized by your Regional Migratory Bird Permit office to do so, you may possess and attempt to propagate threatened or endangered raptor species. See paragraphs (f) and (u) of this section.
              (c) Facilities used for raptor propagation. In addition to the general conditions found in part 13 of this chapter, raptor propagation permits are subject to the following additional conditions:
              (1) You must maintain any tethered raptor you possess under this permit in accordance with the facilities and standards requirements in § 21.29, unless you obtain a written exception to this requirement from your Regional Migratory Bird Permit Office.
              (2) For untethered raptors, your breeding facilities must be soundly constructed and entirely enclosed with wood, wire netting, or other suitable material that provides a safe, healthy environment.
              (i) Your facilities must minimize the risk of injury by providing protection from predators, pets, and extreme weather conditions.
              (ii) Your facilities must minimize the risk of raptor injuries due to collision with interior or perimeter construction materials and equipment, such as support poles, windows, wire netting, perches, or lights.
              (iii) Your facilities must have suitable perches and nesting sites, fresh air ventilation, a source of light, a well-drained floor, and ready access for cleaning. Each bird must have access to a pan of clean water unless weather conditions, the perch type used, or some other factor makes access to a water pan unsafe for the raptor.

              (iv) You do not need to house your propagation raptors separately from other raptors you hold. However, you must keep raptors that you are not authorized to propagate separated from those you use in propagation.

              (d) Inspection. In the presence of the permittee, Federal or State officials may inspect propagation raptors, facilities, equipment, and records during business hours on any day of the week.
              (e) Banding of raptors used for propagation. —(1) Certain species. You must band a goshawk (Accipiter gentilis), Harris's hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus), peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), or gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) that you take from the wild to use in captive propagation.
              (i) You must use a nonreusable band that we provide.
              (ii) You may purchase and implant an ISO (International Organization for Standardization)-compliant 134.2 kHz microchip in the raptor in addition to banding it.

              (iii) You must report the information on the raptor (including information identifying the microchip, if you implant one, and where it is located) at http://permits.fws.gov/186A or by submitting a paper FWS Form 3-186A form to your State or tribal agency that governs propagation, if applicable, and to us.
              (2) Banding nestlings. Unless a particular nestling is specifically exempted, you must band every captive-bred raptor within 2 weeks of hatching.
              (i) You must use a numbered, seamless band that we will provide.
              (ii) You must use a band with an inside diameter that is small enough to prevent loss or removal of the band when the raptor is grown without causing serious injury to the raptor or damaging the band's integrity or one-piece construction.
              (iii) You may band a nestling with more than one band of different sizes if you cannot determine the proper size when you band the nestling. You must then remove and destroy all but the correctly sized band before the nestling is 5 weeks old.
              (iv) You may submit a letter requesting an exemption from the banding requirement for any nestling or fledgling for which the band causes a problem. If you demonstrate that the band itself or the behavior of the raptor in response to the band poses a hazard to the raptor, we may exempt that raptor from the banding requirement. You must destroy the band after you remove it.
              (3) You may purchase and implant an ISO-compliant 134.2 kHz microchip in the raptor in addition to a band. You must report information to identify the microchip and where on the raptor the chip is implanted when you report your acquisition of the raptor.
              (4) If a captive-bred raptor is not banded with a seamless band, or if you must remove the seamless band from a captive-bred raptor, you must band the bird with a nonreusable band that we provide.
              (f) Taking and transferring raptors or raptor eggs from the wild to use in propagation. You may take no more than two raptors or raptor eggs from the wild each year to use in propagation.
              (1) The State must authorize you to take the raptor(s) or egg(s) from the wild.
              (2) You must comply with all State laws in taking raptor(s) or egg(s) from the wild.
              (3) You may take a raptor listed in § 17.11(h) of this chapter as “endangered” or “threatened” from the wild only if you have a permit under part 17 of this chapter (See paragraph (u) of this section.).
              (4) You may transfer a raptor taken from the wild for propagation to any other person authorized to possess it, except that you must comply with the prohibitions in § 21.29 on a transfer to a falconer.
              (g) Transfer, purchase, sale, or barter of captive-bred raptors, eggs, or semen. (1) You may transfer, sell, or barter a lawfully possessed captive-bred raptor to another person authorized to possess captive-bred raptors if the raptor is marked on the metatarsus by a seamless, numbered band that we provide.
              (2) You may transfer, sell, or barter a lawfully possessed raptor egg or raptor semen produced by a raptor held under your captive propagation permit (including a raptor taken from the wild) to another raptor propagation permittee.

              (3) You may not purchase, sell, or barter any raptor eggs or any raptors taken from the wild in the United States or its territories or possessions, any semen collected from a raptor in the wild in the United States or its territories or possessions, or any raptor hatched from eggs taken from the wild in the United States or its territories or possessions.
              (h) Required paperwork. You must have a copy of a properly completed FWS Form 3-186A (Migratory Bird Acquisition and Disposition Report) for each raptor you acquire or that is transferred to you.
              (1) You do not have to submit or have a copy of an FWS Form 3-186A for raptors you produce by captive propagation if you keep the raptors in your possession under your propagation permit.
              (2) If you sell, trade, barter, or transfer a raptor held under your captive propagation permit, even if the transfer is to a falconry permit you hold, you must complete an FWS Form 3-186A and send it to us within 5 calendar days of the transfer.
              (i) Care of a propagation raptor by another person—
              (1) Care of a propagation raptor by another permittee. The regulations in this paragraph pertain to care of propagation raptors by persons other than the permittee. Another person who can legally possess raptors may care for a propagation raptor for you for up to 120 calendar days.
              (i) The person must have a letter from you authorizing him or her to care for the birds, beginning on the date of your letter.
              (ii) The raptor will remain on your raptor propagation permit. If the person who temporarily holds it for you is a falconer or a captive propagator, the raptor will not be counted against his or her possession limit on raptors held for falconry or propagation. However, the other person may not use the raptor in falconry or in propagation.
              (iii) If you wish to have someone else care for a propagation raptor for more than 120 days, or if you wish to let another person use the raptor in falconry or captive propagation, you must transfer the raptor to that person and report the transfer by submitting a completed FWS Form 3-186A.
              (2) Care of a propagation raptor by an individual who does not have a propagation or falconry permit. Another person may care for propagation raptors you possess for up to 120 consecutive calendar days.
              (i) The raptor(s) will remain on your propagation permit.
              (ii) The raptors must remain in your facilities.
              (iii) This care may be extended indefinitely in extenuating circumstances, such as illness, military service, or for a family emergency. The person(s) caring for your raptors may not fly them for any reason.
              (j) Care of nestlings by an individual who does not hold a migratory bird permit. Another person may temporarily care for and band nestlings you hold from the time they are hatched until they are fully feathered. You may allow the other person to keep the nestlings at another location. You must give the individual a letter authorizing him or her to care for the nestlings, beginning on the date of your letter. The care might be part of each day during the nestling period so that the nestlings can be fed, or it might be a series of full days if transport to and from the breeding facility is not practical or needed.
              (k) Disposition of molted feathers from a live raptor or carcasses of raptors held under your permit. (1) You may donate the body or feathers of any species you possess under your propagation permit to any person or institution exempt under § 21.12 or authorized by permit to acquire and possess such parts or feathers.
              (2) For any raptor you hold under your propagation permit, if the bird was banded or microchipped prior to its death, you may keep the body to have the feathers available for imping or to have the body mounted by a taxidermist. You may use the mount in propagation activities or in giving conservation education programs. If the bird was banded, you must leave the band on the body. If the bird has an implanted microchip, the microchip must be placed inside the mounted bird.

              (3) If you do not wish to donate the bird body or feathers or keep it or them yourself, you must burn, bury, or otherwise destroy it or them within 10 days of the death of the bird or after final examination by a veterinarian to determine cause of death. Carcasses of euthanized raptors could pose a risk of secondary poisoning of eagles and other scavengers. You must take appropriate precautions to avoid such poisonings.
              (4) If you do not donate the bird body or feathers or have the body mounted by a taxidermist, you may possess the flight feathers for as long as you have a valid raptor propagation or falconry permit. However, you may not buy, sell, or barter the feathers. You must keep the paperwork documenting your acquisition of the bird.
              (l) Raptor products. You may possess addled or blown eggs, nests, and feathers from raptors held under permit, and may transfer any of these items to any other person authorized to possess them.
              (m) Release to the wild. You may release a captive-bred raptor to the wild if it is allowed by the State or territory in which you wish to release the raptor, except that you may not release a hybrid raptor to the wild. You must leave the captive-bred band on any raptor you release to the wild.
              (n) Conservation education programs. You may use a raptor you possess for raptor propagation in conservation education programs presented in public venues.
              (1) You do not need a Federal education permit to conduct conservation education activities using a propagation raptor.
              (2) You must use the raptor primarily for propagation.
              (3) You may charge a fee for presentation of a conservation education program. The fee may not exceed the amount required to recoup your costs.
              (4) In conservation education programs, you must provide information about the biology, ecological roles, and conservation needs of raptors and other migratory birds, although not all of these topics must be addressed in every presentation. You may not give presentations that do not address falconry and conservation education.
              (5) You are responsible for all liability associated with conservation education activities you undertake (see § 13.50 of this chapter).
              (o) Permit restrictions. With limited exceptions, you may use raptors held under your captive propagation permit only for propagation or keep them to transfer or sell. You must transfer a raptor used in captive propagation to a falconry permit before you or another person may use it in falconry. If you transfer a raptor used in captive propagation to another permit, you and the recipient of the raptor (which might be you) must complete an FWS Form 3-186A and report the transfer. You do not need to transfer a bird from your falconry permit (if you hold one) if you use the bird for fewer than 8 months in a year in captive propagation, but you must do so if you permanently transfer the bird for propagation. The bird must then be banded as required in paragraph (e).
              (p) Training propagation raptors. You may use falconry training or conditioning practices such as, but not limited to, creance (tethered) flying, lures, balloons, or kites in training or conditioning captive-bred progeny of raptors you hold under your permit.
              (1) Until the raptors are 1 year old, you may use captive-bred offspring in actual hunting as a means of training them. To do so, you will not need to transfer them to another permit type. You may not use them in hunting after their first year if they are held under your captive propagation permit.
              (2) Any hybrid raptor that you fly free must have at least two attached radio transmitters to help you to locate the bird.
              (3) You may not hunt at any time with raptors you use in propagation.
              (q) Hacking of propagation raptors. “Hacking” (temporary release to the wild) is an approved method to condition raptors. You may hack a raptor that you produce under your propagation permit.
              (1) You may need permission from your State or tribal wildlife agency to hack a raptor you possess under your propagation permit. Check with your State or tribal agency that regulates falconry to determine if hacking is allowed.
              (2) Any hybrid you hack must have two attached functioning radio transmitters during hacking.

              (3) You may not hack a raptor near a nesting area of a federally threatened or endangered bird species or in any other location where the raptor is likely to harm a federally listed threatened or endangered animal species that might be disturbed or taken by your falconry raptor. You should contact your State or territorial wildlife agency before hacking a falconry raptor to ensure that this does not occur. Contact the Fish and Wildlife Service office in your State or territory for information on federally listed species.
              (r) Transfer of propagation raptors and offspring if a permittee dies. A surviving spouse, executor, administrator, or other legal representative of a deceased raptor propagation permittee may transfer any bird, eggs, or semen held by the deceased permittee to another authorized permittee within 90 days of the death of the falconry permittee. After 90 days, disposition of a bird held under the permit is at our discretion.
              (s) Records of captive propagation efforts. You must maintain complete and accurate records of all operations, including the following, for at least 5 years after the expiration of your permit. However, you may want to retain your records for a longer time if you want to get another migratory bird permit, a Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora permit, or a Wild Bird Conservation Act permit.
              (1) The acquisition of raptors, eggs, or semen you acquired from the wild or that were transferred to you.
              (i) What you acquired, and the species, sex, age, and band number of each bird you acquired.
              (ii) Whether you acquired the raptor, egg, or semen from the wild or you purchased it or it was transferred to you.
              (2) The disposition of raptors, eggs, or semen you sell or transfer to another permittee. The information should include the band number of raptors you sell or transfer.
              (t) Annual report. You must submit a completed FWS Form 3-202-8 to your Regional Migratory Bird Permit office by January 31 each year for January 1 through December 31 of the preceding year.
              (u) Endangered or threatened species. If you wish to propagate endangered or threatened species, you must have at least 2 years of experience handling raptors in a propagation program or programs. You may also need an endangered species permit to propagate threatened or endangered raptors. See §§ 17.21 and 17.22 of this chapter for permit requirements to propagate threatened or endangered raptors.
              (v) Applying for a Federal raptor propagation permit. Using FWS Form 3-200-12, you must submit your application for a raptor propagation permit to the appropriate Regional Director, to the attention of the Migratory Bird Permit Office. You can find addresses for the Regional Directors in 50 CFR 2.2. Your application must contain the general information and the certification required in § 13.12(a) of this chapter, a copy of your State permit authorizing raptor propagation, if your State requires one, and a description (including dimensions), drawings, and photographs of the facilities and equipment you will use.
              (w) Criteria for issuing a permit. When we receive a completed application, we will decide whether we should issue a permit to you. We will consider the general criteria in part 13 of this chapter and the following factors:
              (1) You must be at least 18 years old and have at least 2 full years of experience handling raptors.
              (2) You must have a propagation permit or other authorization for raptor propagation from your State or Tribe, if your State or Tribe requires it.
              (3) Your raptor propagation facilities must be adequate for the number and species of raptors to be held under your permit.
              (x) Updating a raptor propagation permit after a move. If you move within your State or get a new mailing address, you must notify us within 30 days (see § 13.23(c) of this chapter). If you move to a new State, within 30 days you must inform both your former and your new (if applicable) Migratory Bird Permit Offices of your address change. If you have new propagation facilities, you must provide information, pictures, and diagrams of them, and they may be inspected in accordance with Federal or State requirements. Thereafter, no mandatory inspections of the facilities will continue.
              (y) Permit expiration. Your Federal permit may be valid for up to 5 years from when it is issued or renewed. It will expire on the same day as your State permit, unless your State permit is for a period longer than 5 years, or unless we amend, suspend, or revoke it.
              [76 FR 29667, May 23, 2011]

              § 21.31
              Rehabilitation permits.
              (a) What is the permit requirement? Except as provided in § 21.12, a rehabilitation permit is required to take, temporarily possess, or transport any migratory bird for rehabilitation purposes. However, any person who finds a sick, injured, or orphaned migratory bird may, without a permit, take possession of the bird in order to immediately transport it to a permitted rehabilitator.
              (b) What are the general permit provisions? (1) The permit authorizes you to:
              (i) Take from the wild or receive from another person sick, injured, or orphaned migratory birds and to possess them and provide rehabilitative care for them for up to 180 days;
              (ii) Transport such birds to a suitable habitat for release, to another permitted rehabilitator's facilities, or to a veterinarian;
              (iii) Transfer, release, or euthanize such birds;
              (iv) Transfer or otherwise dispose of dead specimens; and
              (v) Receive, stabilize, and transfer within 48 hours types of migratory bird species not authorized by your permit, in cases of emergency. If a rehabilitator authorized to care for the bird is not available within that timeframe, you must contact the issuing office for authorization to retain the bird until it can be transferred.
              (2) The permit does not authorize the use of migratory birds for educational purposes.
              (c) How do I apply for a migratory bird rehabilitation permit? You must apply to the appropriate Regional Director—Attention Migratory Bird Permit Office. You can find addresses for the appropriate Regional Directors in § 2.2 of subchapter A of this chapter. Your application package must consist of the following:
              (1) A completed application (Form 3-200-10b);
              (2) A copy of your State rehabilitation permit, license, or other authorization, if one is required in your State; and
              (3) A check or money order made payable to the “U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service” in the amount of the application fee for permits issued under this section listed in § 13.11 of this chapter.
              (d) What criteria will the Service consider before issuing a permit? (1) Upon receiving an application completed in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section, the Regional Director will decide whether to issue you a permit based on the general criteria of § 13.21 of this chapter and whether you meet the following requirements:
              (i) You must be at least 18 years of age with at least 100 hours of hands-on experience, gained over the course of at least 1 whole year, rehabilitating the types of migratory birds you intend to rehabilitate (e.g., waterbirds, raptors), or comparable experience. Up to 20 hours of the 100-hour time requirement may be fulfilled by participation in migratory bird rehabilitation seminars and courses.
              (ii) Your facilities must be adequate to properly care for the type(s) of migratory bird species you intend to rehabilitate, or you must have a working relationship with a person or organization with such facilities.
              (iii) You must have an agreement with a licensed veterinarian to provide medical care for the birds you intend to rehabilitate, unless you are a licensed veterinarian.
              (iv) You must have a State permit, license, or other authorization to rehabilitate migratory birds if such authorization required by your State.
              (2) In issuing a permit, the Regional Director may place restrictions on the types of migratory bird species you are authorized to rehabilitate, based on your experience and facilities as well as on the specific physical requirements and behavioral traits of particular species.
              (e) What are the standard conditions for this permit? In addition to the general permit conditions set forth in part 13 of this chapter, rehabilitation permits are subject to the following conditions:
              (1) Facilities. You must conduct the activities authorized by this permit in appropriate facilities that are approved and identified on the face of your permit. In evaluating whether caging dimensions are adequate, the Service will use as a guideline the standards developed by the National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association and the International Wildlife Rehabilitation Council (Minimum Standards for Wildlife Rehabilitation, 2000). 1
                 The Regional Migratory Bird Permit Office will authorize variation from the standards where doing so is reasonable and necessary to accommodate a particular rehabilitator's circumstances, unless a determination is made that such variation will jeopardize migratory birds. However, except as provided by paragraph (f)(2)(i) of this section, all facilities must adhere to the following criteria:

                  1 Copies may be obtained by contacting either the National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association: 14 North 7th Avenue, St. Cloud MN 56303-4766, http://www.nwawildlife.org/default.asp; or the International Wildlife Rehabilitation Council: 829 Bancroft Way, Berkeley, CA 94710, http://www.iwrc-online.org.

              (i) Rehabilitation facilities for migratory birds must be secure and provide protection from predators, domestic animals, undue human disturbance, sun, wind, and inclement weather.
              (ii) Caging must be made of a material that will not entangle or cause injury to the type of birds that will be housed within.
              (iii) Enclosures must be kept clean, well-ventilated, and hygienic.
              (iv) Birds must not be overcrowded, and must be provided enough perches, if applicable.
              (v) Birds must be housed only with compatible migratory bird species.
              (vi) Birds may not be displayed to the public unless you use video equipment, barriers, or other methods to reduce noise and exposure to humans to levels the birds would normally encounter in their habitat. You may not use any equipment for this purpose that causes stress or harm, or impedes the rehabilitation of any bird.
              (2) Dietary requirements. You must provide the birds in your care with a diet that is appropriate and nutritionally approximates the natural diet consumed by the species in the wild, with consideration for the age and health of the individual bird.
              (3) Subpermittees. Except as provided by paragraph (f)(2)(ii) of this section, anyone who will be performing activities that require permit authorization under paragraph (b)(1) of this section when you or a subpermittee are not present, including any individual who transports birds to or from your facility on a regular basis, must either possess a Federal rehabilitation permit or be authorized as your subpermittee by being named in writing to your issuing Migratory Bird Permit Office. This does not apply to General Falconers or Master Falconers, who may assist with conditioning raptors for release without being your subpermittee. If you have a falconer assist in conditioning a rehabilitated raptor for release, you must provide the falconer with a letter or form that identifies the bird and explains that the falconer is assisting in rehabilitation of the raptor.
              (i) Your subpermittees must be at least 18 years of age and possess sufficient experience to tend the species in their care.
              (ii) Your subpermittees who are authorized to care for migratory birds at a site other than your facility must have facilities adequate to house the species in their care, based on the criteria of paragraph (e)(1) of this section. All such facilities except those of a falconer assisting in conditioning raptors for release must be approved by the issuing office.
              (iii) As the primary permittee, you are legally responsible for ensuring that your subpermittees, staff, and volunteers adhere to the terms of your permit when conducting migratory bird rehabilitation activities.
              (4) Disposition of birds under your care. (i) You must take every precaution to avoid imprinting or habituating birds in your care to humans. If a bird becomes imprinted to humans while under your care, you will be required to transfer the bird as directed by the issuing office.

              (ii) After a bird is rehabilitated to a condition suitable for release to the wild, you must release it to suitable habitat as soon as seasonal conditions allow, except that you may transfer a rehabilitated wild raptor to a holder of a State, tribal, or territorial falconry permit if the permit holder is authorized to hold the species for use in falconry. The transfer may need the approval of your State, tribe, or territory. The falconer must complete a Form 3-186A reporting the transfer.
              (A) You may not retain migratory birds longer than 180 days without additional authorization from your Regional Migratory Bird Permit Office. If the appropriate season for release is outside the 180-day timeframe, you must seek authorization from your Fish and Wildlife Service Regional Migratory Bird Permit Office to possess the bird until the appropriate season.
              (B) Before releasing a threatened or endangered migratory bird, you must comply with any requirements for the release from your Fish and Wildlife Service Regional Migratory Bird Permit Office.
              (iii) You must euthanize any bird that cannot feed itself, perch upright, or ambulate without inflicting additional injuries to itself where medical and/or rehabilitative care will not reverse such conditions. You must euthanize any bird that is completely blind, and any bird that has sustained injuries that would require amputation of a leg, a foot, or a wing at the elbow or above (humero-ulnar joint) rather than performing such surgery, unless:
              (A) A licensed veterinarian submits a written recommendation that the bird should be kept alive, including an analysis of why the bird is not expected to experience the injuries and/or ailments that typically occur in birds with these injuries and a commitment (from the veterinarian) to provide medical care for the bird for the duration of its life, including complete examinations at least once a year;
              (B) A placement is available for the bird with a person or facility authorized to possess it, where it will receive the veterinary care described in paragraph (e)(4)(iii)(A) of this section; and
              (C) The issuing office specifically authorizes continued possession, medical treatment, and rehabilitative care of the bird.
              (iv) You must obtain authorization from your issuing Migratory Bird Permit Office before euthanizing endangered and threatened migratory bird species. In rare cases, the Service may designate a disposition other than euthanasia for those birds. If Service personnel are not available, you may euthanize endangered and threatened migratory birds without Service authorization when prompt euthanasia is warranted by humane consideration for the welfare of the bird.
              (v) You may place nonreleasable live birds that are suitable for use in educational programs, foster parenting, research projects, or other permitted activities with persons permitted or otherwise authorized to possess such birds, with prior approval from your issuing Migratory Bird Permit Office.
              (vi)(A) You may donate dead birds and parts thereof, except threatened and endangered species, and bald and golden eagles, to persons authorized by permit to possess migratory bird specimens or exempted from permit requirements under § 21.12.
              (B) You must obtain approval from your issuing office before disposing of or transferring any live or dead endangered or threatened migratory bird specimen, parts, or feathers.
              (C) You must send all dead bald and golden eagles, and their parts and feathers to: National Eagle Repository, Building 128, Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Commerce City, CO 80022. If your State requires you to notify State wildlife officers of a dead bald or golden eagle before sending the eagle to the Repository you must comply with State regulations. States may assume temporary possession of the carcasses for purposes of necropsy.
              (D) Unless specifically required to do otherwise by the Service, you must promptly destroy all other dead specimens by such means as are necessary to prevent any exposure of the specimens to animals in the wild.
              (vii) With authorization from your issuing Migratory Bird Permit Office, you may hold a nonreleasable bird longer than 180 days for the purpose of fostering juveniles during their rehabilitation. You may also use birds you possess under an educational permit to foster juveniles.

              (viii) You may possess a reasonable number of feathers for imping purposes, based on the numbers and species of birds for which you regularly provide care.

              (ix) You may draw blood and take other medical samples for purposes of the diagnosis and recovery of birds under your care, or for transfer to authorized facilities conducting research pertaining to a contagious disease or other public health hazard.
              (x) You may conduct necropsies on dead specimens in your possession, except that you must obtain approval from your Regional Migratory Bird Permit Office before conducting necropsies on threatened or endangered species.
              (xi) This permit does not confer ownership of any migratory bird. All birds held under this permit remain under the stewardship of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
              (5) Notification to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. (i) You must notify your issuing Migratory Bird Permit Office within 24 hours of acquiring a threatened or endangered migratory bird species, or bald or golden eagle, whether live or dead. You may be required to transfer these birds to another facility designated by the Service.

              (ii) You must immediately notify the local U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Law Enforcement Office if you have reason to believe a bird has been poisoned, electrocuted, shot, or otherwise subjected to criminal activity. Contact information for your local Service Law Enforcement office is listed on your permit, or you can obtain it on the Internet at http://offices.fws.gov.

              (iii) If the sickness, injury, or death of any bird is due or likely due to avian virus, or other contagious disease or public health hazard, you must notify and comply with the instructions given by the State or local authority that is responsible for tracking the suspected disease or hazard in your location, if that agency is currently collecting such information from the public.
              (6) You must maintain a working relationship with a licensed veterinarian. If your working relationship with your original cooperating veterinarian is dissolved, you must establish an agreement within 30 days with another licensed veterinarian to provide medical services to the birds in your care, and furnish a copy of this agreement to the issuing office.
              (7) Recordkeeping. You must maintain complete and accurate records of all migratory birds that you receive, including for each bird the date received, type of injury or illness, disposition, and date of disposition. You must retain these records for 5 years following the end of the calendar year covered by the records.
              (8) Annual report. You must submit an annual report that includes the information required by paragraph (e)(7) for the preceding calendar year to your issuing Migratory Bird Permit Office by the date required on your permit. You may complete Service Form 3-202-4, or submit your annual report from a database you maintain, provided your report contains all, and only, the information required by Form 3-202-4.
              (9) At the discretion of the Regional Director, we may stipulate on the face of your permit additional conditions compatible with the permit conditions set forth in this section, to place limits on numbers and/or types of birds you may possess under your permit, to stipulate authorized location(s) for your rehabilitation activities, or otherwise specify permitted activities, based on your experience and facilities.
              (f) How does this permit apply to oil and hazardous waste spills? Prior to entering the location of an oil or hazardous material spill, you must obtain authorization from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Field Response Coordinator or other designated Service representative and obtain permission from the On-Scene Coordinator. All activities within the location of the spill are subject to the authority of the On-Scene Coordinator. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is responsible for the disposition of all migratory birds, dead or alive.
              (1) Permit provisions in oil or hazardous material spills. (i) In addition to the rehabilitation permit provisions set forth in paragraph (b) of this section, when under the authority of the designated U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service representative this permit further authorizes you to temporarily possess healthy, unaffected birds for the purpose of removing them from imminent danger.

              (ii) This permit does not authorize salvage of dead migratory birds. When dead migratory birds are discovered, a Service law enforcement officer must be notified immediately in order to coordinate the handling and collection of evidence. Contact information for your local Service Law Enforcement office is listed on your permit and on the Internet at http://offices.fws.gov. The designated Service representative will have direct control and responsibility over all live migratory birds, and will coordinate the collection, storage, and handling of any dead migratory birds with the Service's Division of Law Enforcement.
              (iii) You must notify your issuing Migratory Bird Permit Office of any migratory birds in your possession within 24 hours of removing such birds from the area.
              (2) Conditions specific to oil and hazardous waste spills—(i) Facilities. Facilities used at the scene of oil or hazardous waste spills may be temporary and/or mobile, and may provide less space and protection from noise and disturbance than facilities authorized under paragraph (e)(1) of this section. Such facilities should conform as closely as possible with the facility specifications contained in the Service policy titled Best Practices for Migratory Bird Care During Oil Spill Response.
                2

                  2 You can obtain copies of this document by writing to the Division of Environmental Review at the address provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b).

              (ii) Subpermittees. In cases of oil and hazardous waste spills, persons who assist with cleaning or treating migratory birds at the on-scene facility will not be required to have a rehabilitation permit or be a subpermittee; however, volunteers must be trained in rescue protocol for migratory birds affected by oil and hazardous waste spills. A permit (or subpermittee designation) is required to perform extended rehabilitation of such birds, after initial cleaning and treating, at a subsequent location.
              (g) Will I also need a permit from the State in which I live? If your State requires a license, permit, or other authorization to rehabilitate migratory birds, your Federal migratory bird rehabilitation permit will not be valid if you do not also possess and adhere to the terms of the required State authorization, in addition to the Federal permit. Nothing in this section prevents a State from making and enforcing laws or regulations consistent with this section that are more restrictive or give further protection to migratory birds.
              (h) How long is a migratory bird rehabilitation permit valid? Your rehabilitation permit will expire on the date designated on the face of the permit unless amended or revoked. No rehabilitation permit will have a term exceeding 5 years.
              [68 FR 61137, Oct. 27, 2003, as amended at 73 FR 59477, Oct. 8, 2008; 75 FR 29918, May 28, 2010; 79 FR 43965, July 29, 2014]

            Subpart D—Control of Depredating and Otherwise Injurious Birds

              § 21.41
              Depredation permits.
              (a) Permit requirement. Except as provided in §§ 21.43, 21.44, and 21.46, a depredation permit is required before any person may take, possess, or transport migratory birds for depredation control purposes. No permit is required merely to scare or herd depredating migratory birds other than endangered or threatened species or bald or golden eagles.
              (b) Application procedures. Submit application for depredation permits to the appropriate Regional Director (Attention: Migratory bird permit office). You can find addresses for the Regional Directors in 50 CFR 2.2. Each application must contain the general information and certification required in § 13.12(a) of this subchapter, and the following additional information:
              (1) A description of the area where depredations are occurring;
              (2) The nature of the crops or other interests being injured;
              (3) The extent of such injury; and
              (4) The particular species of migratory birds committing the injury.
              (c) Additional permit conditions. Inaddition to the general conditions set forth in part 13 of this subchapter B, depredation permits shall be subject to requires, in this section:

              (1) Permittees may not kill migratory birds unless specifically authorized on the permit.

              (2) Unless otherwise specifically authorized, when permittees are authorized to kill migratory birds they may do so only with a shotgun not larger than No. 10 gauge fired from the shoulder, and only on or over the threatened area or area described on the permit.
              (3) Permittees may not use blinds, pits, or other means of concealment, decoys, duck calls, or other devices to lure or entice birds within gun range.
              (4) All migratory birds killed shall be retrieved by the permittee and turned over to a Bureau representative or his designee for disposition to charitable or other worthy institutions for use as food, or otherwise disposed of as provided by law.
              (5) Only persons named on the permit are authorized to act as agents of the permittee under authority of the permit.
              (d) Tenure of permits. The tenure of depredation permits shall be limited to the dates which appear on its face, but in no case shall be longer than one year.
              [39 FR 1178, Jan. 4, 1974, as amended at 42 FR 17122, Mar. 31, 1977; 63 FR 52637, Oct. 1, 1998; 80 FR 15691, Mar. 25, 2015]

              § 21.42
              [Reserved]

              § 21.43
              Depredation order for blackbirds, cowbirds, crows, grackles, and magpies.
              (a) Species covered.

                  Blackbirds
                  Cowbirds
                  Crows
                  Grackles
                  Magpies

                  Brewer's (Euphagus cyanocephalus)

                  Bronzed (Molothrus aeneus)
                  American (Corvus brachyrhynchos)

                  Boat-tailed (Quiscalus major)

                  Black-billed (Pica hudsonia)

                  Red-winged (Agelaius phoeniceus)

                  Brown-headed (Molothrus ater)

                  Fish (Corvus ossifragus)

                  Common (Quiscalus quiscula)

                  Yellow-headed (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus)

                  Shiny (Molothrus bonariensis)
                  Northwestern (Corvus caurinus)

                  Great-tailed (Quiscalus mexicanus)

                  Greater Antillean (Quiscalus niger)

              (b) Conditions under which control is allowed by private citizens. You do not need a Federal permit to control the species listed in paragraph (a) of this section in the following circumstances:
              (1) Where they are causing serious injuries to agricultural or horticultural crops or to livestock feed;
              (2) When they cause a health hazard or structural property damage;

              (3) To protect a species recognized by the Federal Government as an endangered, threatened, or candidate species in any county in which it occurs, as shown in the Service's Environmental Conservation Online System (http://ecos.fws.gov);
              (4) To protect a species recognized by the Federal Government as an endangered or threatened species in designated critical habitat for the species; or
              (5) To protect a species recognized by a State or Tribe as endangered, threatened, candidate, or of special concern if the control takes place within that State or on the lands of that tribe, respectively.
              (6) Each calendar year, you must attempt to control depredation by species listed under this depredation order using nonlethal methods before you may use lethal control. Nonlethal control methods can include such measures as netting and flagging, the use of trained raptors, propane cannons, and recordings.
              (c) Conditions under which control is allowed by Federal, State, and Tribal employees. You do not need a Federal permit to control the species listed in paragraph (a) of this section in the following circumstances:
              (1) Where they are causing serious injuries to agricultural or horticultural crops or to livestock feed;
              (2) When they cause a health hazard or structural property damage; or

              (3) To protect a species recognized by the Federal Government, a State, or a Tribe as an endangered, threatened, or candidate, species, or a species of special concern, including critical habitat for any listed species.

              (4) Each calendar year, you must attempt to control depredation by species listed under this depredation order using nonlethal methods before you may use lethal control. Nonlethal control methods can include such measures as netting and flagging, the use of trained raptors, propane cannons, and recordings. However, this requirement does not apply to Federal, State, or Tribal employees conducting brown-headed cowbird trapping to protect a species recognized by the Federal Government, a State, or a Tribe as endangered, threatened, candidate, or of special concern.
              (d) Ammunition. In most cases, if you use a firearm to kill migratory birds under the provisions of this section, you must use nontoxic shot or nontoxic bullets to do so. See § 20.21(j) of this chapter for a listing of approved nontoxic shot types. However, this prohibition does not apply if you use an air rifle or an air pistol for control of depredating birds.
              (e) Access to control efforts. If you exercise any of the privileges granted by this section, you must allow any Federal, State, tribal, or territorial wildlife law enforcement officer unrestricted access at all reasonable times (including during actual operations) over the premises on which you are conducting the control. You must furnish the officer whatever information he or she may require about your control operations.
              (f) Trapping conditions. You must comply with the following conditions if you attempt to trap any species under this order.
              (1) You may possess, transport, and use a lure bird or birds of the species listed in paragraph (a) that you wish to trap.
              (2) You must check each trap at least once every day it is deployed.
              (3) At temperatures above 80 °Fahrenheit, the traps must provide shade for captured birds.
              (4) Each trap must contain adequate food and water.
              (5) You must promptly release all healthy nontarget birds that you capture.
              (6) If a federally permitted wildlife rehabilitator is within 1 hour or less of your capture efforts, you must send injured or debilitated nontarget federally protected migratory birds to the rehabilitator. If no rehabilitator is closer than 1 hour away, you may euthanize an injured or debilitated bird of a nontarget species unless the species is federally listed as an endangered, threatened, or candidate species, in which case you must deliver it to a rehabilitator and report the take to the nearest U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Field Office or Special Agent.
              (7) You must report captures of nontarget federally protected migratory birds in your annual report (see paragraph (i) of this section).
              (g) Euthanasia. Captured birds and wounded or injured birds of the species listed in paragraph (a) may only be killed by carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide inhalation, or by cervical dislocation performed by well-trained personnel who are regularly monitored to ensure proficiency.
              (h) Disposition of birds and parts. You may not sell, or offer to sell, any bird, or any part thereof, killed under this section, but you may possess, transport, and otherwise dispose of the bird or its parts, including transferring them to authorized research or educational institutions. If not transferred, the bird and its parts must either be burned, or buried at least 1 mile from the nesting area of any migratory bird species recognized by the Federal Government, the State, or a Tribe as an endangered or threatened species.
              (i) Annual report. Any person, business, organization, or government official acting under this depredation order must provide an annual report using FWS Form 3-202-21-2143 to the appropriate Regional Migratory Bird Permit Office. The addresses for the Regional Migratory Bird Permit Offices are provided at 50 CFR 2.2, and are on the form. The report is due by January 31st of the following year and must include the information requested on the form.
              (j) Compliance with other laws. You may trap and kill birds under this order only in a way that complies with all State, tribal, or territorial laws or regulations. You must have any State, tribal, or territorial permit required to conduct the activity.

              (k) Information collection. The Office of Management and Budget has approved the information collection requirements associated with this depredation order and assigned OMB Control No. 1018-0146. We may not conduct or sponsor and you are not required to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. You may send comments on the information collection requirements to the Service's Information Collection Clearance Officer at the address provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b).
              [79 FR 65601, Nov. 5, 2014]

              § 21.44
              Depredation order for horned larks, house finches, and white-crowned sparrows in California.
              Horned larks (Eremophila alpestris), house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus), and white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys) may be taken in Fresno, Merced, Napa, and Sonoma Counties in California if they are depredating on agricultural or horticultural crops. Take of birds under this order must be done under the supervision of the county agriculture commissioner. You do not need a Federal permit for this depredation control as long as you meet the conditions below, but a depredation permit (see § 21.41 in this subpart) is required for take of other migratory bird species, or for take of horned larks or white-crowned sparrows from May 1 through October 31.
              (a) When is take allowed under this depredation order?

              (1) Horned larks and white-crowned sparrows may be controlled from November 1 through April 30.
              (2) House finches may be controlled at any time.
              (b) Use of nonlethal control. Each season, before lethal control may be undertaken, the landowner must attempt to use nonlethal control of migratory bird depredation as recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services. The county agriculture commissioner must confirm that nonlethal measures have been undertaken to control or eliminate the problem prior to the landowner using lethal control.
              (c) Ammunition. Except when using an air rifle or an air pistol, if firearms are used to kill migratory birds under the provisions of this regulation, the shooter must use nontoxic shot or nontoxic bullets to do so. See § 20.21(j) of this chapter for a listing of approved nontoxic shot types.
              (d) Disposition of carcasses. Specimens useful for scientific purposes may be transferred to any entity authorized to possess them. If not transferred, all carcasses of birds killed under this order must be buried or otherwise destroyed. None of the above migratory birds killed, or the parts thereof, or the plumage of such birds, may be sold or removed from the area where killed.
              (e) Annual report. Any county official acting under this depredation order must provide an annual report to the Regional Migratory Bird Permit Office using FWS Form 3-202-20-2144. The address for the Regional Migratory Bird Permit Office is in § 2.2 of subchapter A of this chapter, and is on the form. The report is due by January 31st of the year after control activities are undertaken.
              [78 FR 65581, Nov. 1, 2013]

              § 21.45
              [Reserved]

              § 21.46
              Depredation order for depredating California scrub jays and Steller's jays in Washington and Oregon.

              Landowners, sharecroppers, tenants, or their employees or agents actually engaged in the production of nut crops in Washington and Oregon may, without a permit, take California scrub jays (Aphelocoma californica) and Steller's jays (Cyanocitta stelleri) when found committing or about to commit serious depredations to nut crops on the premises owned or occupied by such persons: Provided:

              (a) That California scrub jays and Steller's jays may only be taken pursuant to this section between August 1 and December 1 in any year, in the Washington counties of Clark, Cowlitz, and Lewis; and the Oregon counties of Benton, Clackamas, Lane, Linn, Marion, Multnomah, Polk, Washington, and Yamhill.

              (b) That California scrub jays and Steller's jays taken pursuant to this section shall not be transported or sold or offered for sale except that, such transportation within the area, as may be necessary to bury or otherwise destroy the carcasses of such birds is permitted: Provided, That the Director of the State agricultural department, college, or other public institution may requisition such California scrub jays and Steller's jays killed as may be needed for scientific investigations.
              (c) That such birds may be taken only by trapping or shooting and on areas where serious depredations are being or are about to be committed.
              (d) That any person exercising any of the privileges granted by this section shall permit at all reasonable times, including during actual operations, any Federal or State game or deputy game agent, warden, protector, or other law enforcement officer free and unrestricted access over the premises on which such operations have been or are being conducted; and shall furnish promptly to such officer whatever information he may require, concerning said operations.
              (e) That nothing in this section shall be construed to authorize the killing of such migratory birds contrary to any State laws or regulations; and that none of the privileges granted under this section shall be exercised unless the person possesses whatever permit as may be required for such activities by the States of Washington and Oregon.
              (f) That any person authorized by this section to act under this depredation order must provide an annual report of take during the calendar year for each species by January 31st of the following year. The report must include the number of birds taken for each species, method of take, month(s) in which they were taken, county(ies) and State(s) in which they were taken, purpose of take, and disposition. Submit annual reports to the Pacific Region Migratory Bird Permit Office in Portland, Oregon, at the address shown at 50 CFR 2.2.
              [39 FR 31326, Aug. 28, 1974, as amended at 84 FR 45924, Sept. 3, 2019]

              §§ 21.47-21.48
              [Reserved]

              § 21.49
              Control order for resident Canada geese at airports and military airfields.
              (a) Which Canada geese are covered by this order? This regulation addresses the control and management of resident Canada geese, as defined in § 21.3.
              (b) What is the control order for resident Canada geese at airports, and what is its purpose? The airport control order authorizes managers at commercial, public, and private airports (airports) (and their employees or their agents) and military air operation facilities (military airfields) (and their employees or their agents) to establish and implement a control and management program when necessary to resolve or prevent threats to public safety from resident Canada geese. Control and management activities include indirect and/or direct control strategies such as trapping and relocation, nest and egg destruction, gosling and adult trapping and culling programs, or other lethal and non-lethal control strategies.
              (c) Who may participate in the program? To be designated as an airport that is authorized to participate in this program, an airport must be part of the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems and have received Federal grant-in-aid assistance, or a military airfield, meaning an airfield or air station that is under the jurisdiction, custody, or control of the Secretary of a military department. Only airports and military airfields in the lower 48 States and the District of Columbia are eligible to conduct and implement the various resident Canada goose control and management program components.
              (d) What are the restrictions of the control order for resident Canada geese at airports and military airfields? The airport control order for resident Canada geese is subject to the following restrictions:
              (1) Airports and military airfields should use nonlethal goose management tools to the extent they deem appropriate. To minimize lethal take, airports and military airfields should follow this procedure:

              (i) Assess the problem to determine its extent or magnitude, its impact on current operations, and the appropriate control method to be used.
              (ii) Base control methods on sound biological, environmental, social, and cultural factors.
              (iii) Formulate appropriate methods into a control strategy that uses several control techniques rather than relying on a single method.
              (iv) Implement all appropriate nonlethal management techniques (such as harassment and habitat modification) in conjunction with take authorized under this order.
              (2)(i) Methods of take for the control of resident Canada geese are at the airport's and military airfield's discretion from among the following:
              (A) Egg oiling,
              (B) Egg and nest destruction,
              (C) Shooting,
              (D) Lethal and live traps,
              (E) Nets,
              (F) Registered animal drugs, pesticides, and repellants,
              (G) Cervical dislocation, and
              (H) CO2 asphyxiation.
              (ii) Birds caught live may be euthanized or transported and relocated to another site approved by the State or Tribal wildlife agency, if required.
              (iii) All techniques used must be in accordance with other Federal, State, and local laws, and their use must comply with any labeling restrictions.
              (iv) Persons using shotguns must use nontoxic shot, as listed in § 20.21(j) of this subchapter.
              (v) Persons using egg oiling must use 100 percent corn oil, a substance exempted from regulation by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act.
              (3) Airports and military airfields may conduct management and control activities, involving the take of resident Canada geese, under this section between April 1 and September 15. The destruction of resident Canada goose nests and eggs may take place at any time of year.
              (4) Airports and military airfields and their employees and agents may possess, transport, and otherwise dispose of resident Canada geese taken under this section. Disposal of birds taken under this order may be by donation to public museums or public institutions for scientific or educational purposes, processing for human consumption and subsequent distribution free of charge to charitable organizations, or burial or incineration. Airports/military airfields, their employees, and designated agents may not sell, offer for sale, barter, or ship for the purpose of sale or barter any resident Canada geese taken under this section, nor their plumage or eggs. Any specimens needed for scientific purposes as determined by the Regional Director must not be destroyed, and information on birds carrying metal leg bands must be submitted to the Bird Banding Laboratory by means of a toll-free telephone number at 1-800-327-BAND (or 2263).
              (5) Resident Canada geese may be taken only within the airport, or the military base on which a military airfield is located, or within a 3-mile radius of the outer boundary of such a facility. Airports and military airfields or their agents must first obtain all necessary authorizations from landowners for all management activities conducted outside the airport or military airfield's boundaries and be in compliance with all State and local laws and regulations.
              (6) Nothing in this section authorizes the killing of resident Canada geese or destruction of their nests and eggs contrary to the laws or regulations of any State or Tribe, and none of the privileges of this section may be exercised unless the airport or military airfield possesses the appropriate State or Tribal authorization or other permits required by the State or Tribe. Moreover, this section does not authorize the killing of any migratory bird species or destruction of their nest or eggs other than resident Canada geese.
              (7) Authorized airports and military airfields, and their employees and agents operating under the provisions of this section may not use decoys, calls, or other devices to lure birds within gun range.

              (8) Airports and military airfields exercising the privileges granted by this section must submit an annual report summarizing activities, including the date and numbers and location of birds, nests, and eggs taken, by December 31 of each year to the Regional Migratory Bird Permit Office listed in § 2.2 of this subchapter.
              (9) Nothing in this section applies to any Federal land without written permission of the Federal agency with jurisdiction.
              (10) Airports and military airfields may not undertake any actions under this section if the activities adversely affect other migratory birds or species designated as endangered or threatened under the authority of the Endangered Species Act. Persons operating under this order must immediately report the take of any species protected under the Endangered Species Act to the Service. Further, to protect certain species from being adversely affected by management actions, airports and military airfields must:
              (i) Follow the Federal-State Contingency Plan for the whooping crane;
              (ii) Conduct no activities within 300 meters of a whooping crane or Mississippi sandhill crane nest;
              (iii) Follow all Regional (or National when available) Bald Eagle Nesting Management guidelines for all management activities;
              (iv) Contact the Arizona Ecological Services Office (for the Colorado River and Arizona sites) or the Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Office (for Salton Sea sites) if control activities are proposed in or around occupied habitats (cattail or cattail bulrush marshes) to discuss the proposed activity and ensure that implementation will not adversely affect clapper rails or their habitats; and
              (v) In California, any control activities of resident Canada geese in areas used by the following species listed under the Endangered Species Act must be done in coordination with the appropriate local FWS field office and in accordance with standard local operating procedures for avoiding adverse effects to the species or its critical habitat:
              (A) Birds: Light-footed clapper rail, California clapper rail, Yuma clapper rail, California least tern, southwestern willow flycatcher, least Bell's vireo, western snowy plover, California gnatcatcher.
              (B) Amphibians: California red-legged frog and California tiger salamander.
              (C) Insects: Valley elderberry longhorn beetle and delta green ground beetle.
              (D) Crustaceans: Vernal pool fairy shrimp, conservancy fairy shrimp, longhorn fairy shrimp, vernal pool tadpole shrimp, San Diego fairy shrimp, and Riverside fairy shrimp.
              (E) Plants: Butte County meadowfoam, large-flowered wooly meadowfoam, Cook's lomatium, Contra Costa goldfields, Hoover's spurge, fleshy owl's clover, Colusa grass, hairy Orcutt grass, Solano grass, Greene's tuctoria, Sacramento Valley Orcutt grass, San Joaquin Valley Orcutt grass, slender Orcutt grass, California Orcutt grass, spreading navarretia, and San Jacinto Valley crownscale.
              (e) Can the control order be suspended? We reserve the right to suspend or revoke an airport's or military airfield's authority under this control order if we find that the terms and conditions specified in the control order have not been adhered to by that airport or military airfield. Final decisions to revoke authority will be made by the appropriate Regional Director. The criteria and procedures for suspension, revocation, reconsideration, and appeal are outlined in §§ 13.27 through 13.29 of this subchapter. For the purposes of this section, “issuing officer” means the Regional Director and “permit” means the authority to act under this control order. For purposes of § 13.29(e), appeals must be made to the Director.
              (f) Has the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) approved the information collection requirements of the control order? OMB has approved the information collection and recordkeeping requirements of the control order under OMB control number 1018-0133. We may not conduct or sponsor, and you are not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. You may send comments on the information collection and recordkeeping requirements to the Service's Information Collection Clearance Officer at the address provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b).
              [71 FR 45986, Aug. 10, 2006, as amended at 72 FR 46408, Aug. 20, 2007; 79 FR 43966, July 29, 2014; 84 FR 28773, June 20, 2019]

              § 21.50
              Depredation order for resident Canada geese nests and eggs.
              (a) Which Canada geese are covered by this order? This regulation addresses the control and management of resident Canada geese, as defined in § 21.3.
              (b) What is the depredation order for resident Canada geese nests and eggs, and what is its purpose? The nest and egg depredation order for resident Canada geese authorizes private landowners and managers of public lands (landowners); homeowners' associations; and village, town, municipality, and county governments (local governments); and the employees or agents of any of these persons or entities to destroy resident Canada goose nests and eggs on property under their jurisdiction when necessary to resolve or prevent injury to people, property, agricultural crops, or other interests.
              (c) Who may participate in the depredation order? Only landowners, homeowners' associations, and local governments (and their employees or their agents) in the lower 48 States and the District of Columbia are eligible to implement the resident Canada goose nest and egg depredation order.
              (d) What are the restrictions of the depredation order for resident Canada goose nests and eggs? The resident Canada goose nest and egg depredation order is subject to the following restrictions:

              (1) Before any management actions can be taken, landowners, homeowners' associations, and local governments must register with the Service at https://epermits.fws.gov/eRCGR. Landowners, homeowners' associations, and local governments (collectively termed “registrants”) must also register each employee or agent working on their behalf. Once registered, registrants and agents will be authorized to act under the depredation order.
              (2) Registrants authorized to operate under the depredation order must use nonlethal goose management techniques to the extent they deem appropriate in an effort to minimize take.
              (3) Methods of nest and egg destruction or take are at the registrant's discretion from among the following:
              (i) Egg oiling, using 100 percent corn oil, a substance exempted from regulation by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, and
              (ii) Egg and nest destruction, including but not limited to the removal and disposal of eggs and nest material.
              (4) Registrants may conduct resident Canada goose nest and egg destruction activities at any time of year. Homeowners' associations and local governments or their agents must obtain landowner consent prior to destroying nests and eggs on private property within the homeowners' association or local government's jurisdiction and be in compliance with all State and local laws and regulations.
              (5) Registrants authorized to operate under the depredation order may possess, transport, and dispose of resident Canada goose nests and eggs taken under this section. Registrants authorized to operate under the program may not sell, offer for sale, barter, or ship for the purpose of sale or barter any resident Canada goose nest or egg taken under this section.

              (6) Registrants exercising the privileges granted by this section must submit an annual report summarizing activities, including the date, numbers, and location of nests and eggs taken by October 31 of each year at https://epermits.fws.gov/eRCGR before any subsequent registration for the following year.
              (7) Nothing in this section authorizes the destruction of resident Canada goose nests or the take of resident Canada goose eggs contrary to the laws or regulations of any State or Tribe, and none of the privileges of this section may be exercised unless the registrant is authorized to operate under the program and possesses the appropriate State or Tribal permits, when required. Moreover, this section does not authorize the killing of any migratory bird species or destruction of their nest or eggs other than resident Canada geese.

              (8) Registrants may not undertake any actions under this section if the activities adversely affect species designated as endangered or threatened under the authority of the Endangered Species Act. Persons operating under this order must immediately report the take of any species protected under the Endangered Species Act to the Service. Further, to protect certain species from being adversely affected by management actions, registrants must:
              (i) Follow the Federal-State Contingency Plan for the whooping crane;
              (ii) Conduct no activities within 300 meters of a whooping crane or Mississippi sandhill crane nest;
              (iii) Follow all Regional (or National when available) Bald Eagle Nesting Management guidelines for all management activities;
              (iv) Contact the Arizona Ecological Services Office (for the Colorado River and Arizona sites) or the Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Office (for Salton Sea sites) if control activities are proposed in or around occupied habitats (cattail or cattail bulrush marshes) to discuss the proposed activity and ensure that implementation will not adversely affect clapper rails or their habitats; and
              (v) In California, any control activities of resident Canada geese in areas used by the following species listed under the Endangered Species Act must be done in coordination with the appropriate local FWS field office and in accordance with standard local operating procedures for avoiding adverse effects to the species or its critical habitat:
              (A) Birds: Light-footed clapper rail, California clapper rail, Yuma clapper rail, California least tern, southwestern willow flycatcher, least Bell's vireo, western snowy plover, California gnatcatcher.
              (B) Amphibians: California red-legged frog and California tiger salamander.
              (C) Insects: Valley elderberry longhorn beetle and delta green ground beetle.
              (D) Crustaceans: Vernal pool fairy shrimp, conservancy fairy shrimp, longhorn fairy shrimp, vernal pool tadpole shrimp, San Diego fairy shrimp, and Riverside fairy shrimp.
              (E) Plants: Butte County meadowfoam, large-flowered wooly meadowfoam, Cook's lomatium, Contra Costa goldfields, Hoover's spurge, fleshy owl's clover, Colusa grass, hairy Orcutt grass, Solano grass, Greene's tuctoria, Sacramento Valley Orcutt grass, San Joaquin Valley Orcutt grass, slender Orcutt grass, California Orcutt grass, spreading navarretia, and San Jacinto Valley crownscale.
              (e) Can the depredation order be suspended? We reserve the right to suspend or revoke this authorization for a particular landowner, homeowners' association, or local government if we find that the registrant has not adhered to the terms and conditions specified in the depredation order. Final decisions to revoke authority will be made by the appropriate Regional Director. The criteria and procedures for suspension, revocation, reconsideration, and appeal are outlined in §§ 13.27 through 13.29 of this subchapter. For the purposes of this section, “issuing officer” means the Regional Director and “permit” means the authority to act under this depredation order. For purposes of § 13.29(e), appeals must be made to the Director. Additionally, at such time that we determine that resident Canada goose populations no longer need to be reduced in order to resolve or prevent injury to people, property, agricultural crops, or other interests, we may choose to terminate part or all of the depredation order by subsequent regulation. In all cases, we will annually review the necessity and effectiveness of the depredation order.
              (f) Has the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) approved the information collection requirements of the depredation order? OMB has approved the information collection and recordkeeping requirements of the depredation order under OMB control number 1018-0133. We may not conduct or sponsor, and you are not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. You may send comments on the information collection and recordkeeping requirements to the Service's Information Collection Clearance Officer at the address provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b).
              [71 FR 45988, Aug. 10, 2006, as amended at 72 FR 46408, Aug. 20, 2007; 79 FR 43966, July 29, 2014; 84 FR 28773, June 20, 2019]

              § 21.51
              Depredation order for resident Canada geese at agricultural facilities.
              (a) Which Canada geese are covered by this order? This regulation addresses the control and management of resident Canada geese, as defined in § 21.3.

              (b) What is the depredation order for resident Canada geese at agricultural facilities, and what is its purpose? The depredation order for resident Canada geese at agricultural facilities authorizes States and Tribes, via the State or Tribal wildlife agency, to implement a program to allow landowners, operators, and tenants actively engaged in commercial agriculture (agricultural producers) (or their employees or agents) to conduct direct damage management actions such as nest and egg destruction, gosling and adult trapping and culling programs, or other lethal and non-lethal wildlife-damage management strategies on resident Canada geese when the geese are committing depredations to agricultural crops and when necessary to resolve or prevent injury to agricultural crops or other agricultural interests from resident Canada geese.
              (c) Who may participate in the depredation order? State and Tribal wildlife agencies in the following States may authorize agricultural producers (or their employees or agents) to conduct and implement various components of the depredation order at agricultural facilities in the Atlantic, Central, and Mississippi Flyway portions of these States: Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
              (d) What are the restrictions of the depredation order for resident Canada geese at agricultural facilities? The depredation order for resident Canada geese at agricultural facilities is subject to the following restrictions:
              (1) Only landowners, operators, and tenants (or their employees or agents) actively engaged in commercial activities (agricultural producers) so designated by the States may act under this order.
              (2) Authorized agricultural producers should use nonlethal goose management tools to the extent they deem appropriate. To minimize lethal take, agricultural producers should adhere to the following procedure:
              (i) Assess the problem to determine its extent or magnitude, its impact to current operations, and the appropriate control method to be used.
              (ii) Base control methods on sound biological, environmental, social, and cultural factors.
              (iii) Formulate appropriate methods into a control strategy that uses the approach/concept that encourages the use of several control techniques rather than relying on a single method.
              (iv) Implement all appropriate nonlethal management techniques (such as harassment and habitat modification) in conjunction with take authorized under this order.
              (3)(i) Methods of take for the control of resident Canada geese are at the State's or Tribe's discretion among the following:
              (A) Egg oiling,
              (B) Egg and nest destruction,
              (C) Shotguns,
              (D) Lethal and live traps,
              (E) Nets,
              (F) Registered animal drugs, pesticides, and repellants,
              (G) Cervical dislocation, and
              (H) CO2 asphyxiation.
              (ii) Birds caught live may be euthanized or transported and relocated to another site approved by the State or Tribal wildlife agency, if required.
              (iii) All techniques used must be in accordance with other Federal, State, Tribal, and local laws, and their use must comply with any labeling restrictions.
              (iv) Persons using shotguns must use nontoxic shot, as listed in § 20.21(j) of this subchapter.
              (v) Persons using egg oiling must use 100 percent corn oil, a substance exempted from regulation by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act.
              (4) Under this section, authorized agricultural producers and their employees and agents may:

              (i) Conduct management and control activities, involving the take of resident Canada geese, as follows:

                  Where
                  When

                  In the Atlantic Flyway States of Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia
                  Between April 1 and August 31.

                  In the Mississippi and Central Flyway portions of these States: Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Wisconsin, and Wyoming
                  Between May 1 and August 31.

              (ii) Destroy the nests and eggs of resident Canada geese at any time of year.
              (5) Authorized agricultural producers and their employees and agents may possess, transport, and otherwise dispose of resident Canada geese taken under this section. Disposal of birds taken under this order may be by donation to public museums or public institutions for scientific or educational purposes, processing for human consumption and subsequent distribution free of charge to charitable organizations, or burial or incineration. Agricultural producers, their employees, and designated agents may not sell, offer for sale, barter, or ship for the purpose of sale or barter any resident Canada geese taken under this section, nor their plumage or eggs. Any specimens needed for scientific purposes as determined by the Director must not be destroyed, and information on birds carrying metal leg bands must be submitted to the Bird Banding Laboratory by means of a toll-free telephone number at 1-800-327-BAND (or 2263).
              (6) Resident Canada geese may be taken only on land which an authorized agricultural producer personally controls and where geese are committing depredations to agricultural crops.
              (7) Authorized agricultural producers, and their employees and agents, operating under the provisions of this section may not use decoys, calls, or other devices to lure birds within gun range.
              (8) Any authorized agricultural producer exercising the privileges of this section must keep and maintain a log that indicates the date and number of birds killed and the date and number of nests and eggs taken under this authorization. The log must be maintained for a period of 3 years (and records for 3 previous years of takings must be maintained at all times thereafter). The log and any related records must be made available to Federal, State, or Tribal wildlife enforcement officers upon request during normal business hours.
              (9) Nothing in this section authorizes the killing of resident Canada geese or the destruction of their nests and eggs contrary to the laws or regulations of any State or Tribe, and none of the privileges of this section may be exercised unless the agricultural producer possesses the appropriate State or Tribal permits, when required. Moreover, this regulation does not authorize the killing of any migratory bird species or destruction of their nests or eggs other than resident Canada geese.
              (10) States and Tribes exercising the privileges granted by this section must submit an annual report summarizing activities, including the numbers and County of birds, nests, and eggs taken, by December 31 of each year to the Regional Migratory Bird Permit Office listed in § 2.2 of this subchapter.
              (11) Nothing in this section applies to any Federal land without written permission of the Federal agency with jurisdiction.
              (12) Authorized agricultural producers may not undertake any actions under this section if the activities adversely affect other migratory birds or species designated as endangered or threatened under the authority of the Endangered Species Act. Persons operating under this order must immediately report the take of any species protected under the Endangered Species Act to the Service. Further, to protect certain species from being adversely affected by management actions, agricultural producers must:
              (i) Follow the Federal-State Contingency Plan for the whooping crane;
              (ii) Conduct no activities within 300 meters of a whooping crane or Mississippi sandhill crane nest; and

              (iii) Follow all Regional (or National when available) Bald Eagle Nesting Management guidelines for all management activities.
              (e) Can the depredation order be suspended? We reserve the right to suspend or revoke a State, Tribal, or agricultural producer's authority under this program if we find that the terms and conditions specified in the depredation order have not been adhered to by that State or Tribe. Final decisions to revoke authority will be made by the appropriate Regional Director. The criteria and procedures for suspension, revocation, reconsideration, and appeal are outlined in §§ 13.27 through 13.29 of this subchapter. For the purposes of this section, “issuing officer” means the Regional Director and “permit” means the authority to act under this depredation order. For purposes of § 13.29(e), appeals must be made to the Director. Additionally, at such time that we determine that resident Canada geese populations no longer pose a threat to agricultural crops or no longer need to be reduced in order to resolve or prevent injury to agricultural crops or other agricultural interests, we may choose to terminate part or all of the depredation order by subsequent regulation. In all cases, we will annually review the necessity and effectiveness of the depredation order.
              (f) Has the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) approved the information collection requirements of the depredation order? OMB has approved the information collection and recordkeeping requirements of the depredation order under OMB control number 1018-0133. We may not conduct or sponsor, and you are not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. You may send comments on the information collection and recordkeeping requirements to the Service's Information Collection Clearance Officer at the address provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b).
              [71 FR 45989, Aug. 10, 2006, as amended at 79 FR 43966, July 29, 2014; 84 FR 28773, June 20, 2019; 85 FR 10623, Feb. 25, 2020]

              § 21.52
              Public health control order for resident Canada geese.
              (a) Which Canada geese are covered by this order? This regulation addresses the control and management of resident Canada geese, as defined in § 21.3.
              (b) What is the public health control order for resident Canada geese, and what is its purpose? The public health control order for resident Canada geese authorizes States, Tribes, and the District of Columbia, via the State or Tribal wildlife agency, to conduct resident Canada goose control and management activities including direct control strategies such as trapping and relocation, nest and egg destruction, gosling and adult trapping and culling programs, or other lethal and non-lethal wildlife damage-management strategies when resident Canada geese are posing a direct threat to human health.
              (c) What is a direct threat to human health? A direct threat to human health is one where a Federal, State, Tribal, or local public health agency has determined that resident Canada geese pose a specific, immediate human health threat by creating conditions conducive to the transmission of human or zoonotic pathogens. The State or Tribe may not use this control order for situations in which resident Canada geese are merely causing a nuisance.
              (d) Who may participate in the program? Only State and Tribal wildlife agencies in the lower 48 States and the District of Columbia (or their employees or agents) may conduct and implement the various components of the public health control order for resident Canada geese.
              (e) What are the restrictions of the public health depredation order for resident Canada geese? The public health control order for resident Canada geese is subject to the following restrictions:
              (1) Authorized State and Tribal wildlife agencies should use nonlethal goose management tools to the extent they deem appropriate.
              (2)(i) Methods of take for the control of resident Canada geese are at the State's and Tribe's discretion from among the following:
              (A) Egg oiling,
              (B) Egg and nest destruction,
              (C) Shotguns,
              (D) Lethal and live traps,
              (E) Nets,

              (F) Registered animal drugs, pesticides, and repellants,

              (G) Cervical dislocation, and
              (H) CO2 asphyxiation.
              (ii) Birds caught live may be euthanized or transported and relocated to another site approved by the State or Tribal wildlife agency, if required.
              (iii) All techniques used must be in accordance with other Federal, State, Tribal, and local laws, and their use must comply with any labeling restrictions.
              (iv) Persons using shotguns must use nontoxic shot, as listed in § 20.21(j) of this subchapter.
              (v) Persons using egg oiling must use 100 percent corn oil, a substance exempted from regulation by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act.
              (3) Authorized State and Tribal wildlife agencies and their employees and agents may conduct management and control activities, involving the take of resident Canada geese, under this section between April 1 and August 31. The destruction of resident Canada goose nests and eggs may take place at any time of year.
              (4) Authorized State and Tribal wildlife agencies and their employees and agents may possess, transport, and otherwise dispose of resident Canada geese taken under this section. Disposal of birds taken under this order may be by donation to public museums or public institutions for scientific or educational purposes, processing for human consumption and subsequent distribution free of charge to charitable organizations, or burial or incineration. States, their employees, and designated agents may not sell, offer for sale, barter, or ship for the purpose of sale or barter any resident Canada geese taken under this section, nor their plumage or eggs. Any specimens needed for scientific purposes as determined by the Regional Director must not be destroyed, and information on birds carrying metal leg bands must be submitted to the Bird Banding Laboratory by means of a toll-free telephone number at 1-800-327-BAND (or 2263).
              (5) Resident Canada geese may be taken only within the specified area of the direct threat to human health.
              (6) Authorized State and Tribal wildlife agencies, and their employees and agents operating under the provisions of this section may not use decoys, calls, or other devices to lure birds within gun range.
              (7) No person conducting activities under this section should construe the program as authorizing the killing of resident Canada geese or destruction of their nests and eggs contrary to any State law or regulation, nor may any control activities be conducted on any Federal land without specific authorization by the responsible management agency. No person may exercise the privileges granted under this section unless they possess any permits required for such activities by any State or Federal land manager.
              (8) Any State or Tribal employee or designated agent authorized to carry out activities under this section must have a copy of the State's or Tribal authorization and designation in their possession when carrying out any activities. If the State or Tribe is conducting operations on private property, the State or Tribe must also require the property owner or occupant on whose premises resident Canada goose activities are being conducted to allow, at all reasonable times, including during actual operations, free and unrestricted access to any Service special agent or refuge officer, State or Tribal wildlife or deputy wildlife agent, warden, protector, or other wildlife law enforcement officer on the premises where they are, or were, conducting activities. Furthermore, any State or Tribal employee or designated agent conducting such activities must promptly furnish whatever information is required concerning such activities to any such wildlife officer.
              (9) States and Tribes exercising the privileges granted by this section must submit an annual report summarizing activities, including the numbers and County of birds taken, by December 31 of each year to the Regional Migratory Bird Permit Office listed in § 2.2 of this subchapter.

              (10) Authorized State and Tribal wildlife agencies may not undertake any actions under this section if the activities adversely affect other migratory birds or species designated as endangered or threatened under the authority of the Endangered Species Act. Persons operating under this order must immediately report the take of any species protected under the Endangered Species Act to the Service. Further, to protect certain species from being adversely affected by management actions, State and Tribal wildlife agencies must:
              (i) Follow the Federal-State Contingency Plan for the whooping crane;
              (ii) Conduct no activities within 300 meters of a whooping crane or Mississippi sandhill crane nest;
              (iii) Follow all Regional (or National when available) Bald Eagle Nesting Management guidelines for all management activities;
              (iv) Contact the Arizona Fish and Wildlife Service Ecological Services Office (for the Colorado River and Arizona sites) or the Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Office (for Salton Sea sites) if control activities are proposed in or around occupied habitats (cattail or cattail bulrush marshes) to discuss the proposed activity and ensure that implementation will not adversely affect clapper rails or their habitats; and
              (v) In California, any control activities of resident Canada geese in areas used by the following species listed under the Endangered Species Act must be done in coordination with the appropriate local FWS field office and in accordance with standard local operating procedures for avoiding adverse effects to the species or its critical habitat:
              (A) Birds: Light-footed clapper rail, California clapper rail, Yuma clapper rail, California least tern, southwestern willow flycatcher, least Bell's vireo, western snowy plover, California gnatcatcher.
              (B) Amphibians: California red-legged frog and California tiger salamander.
              (C) Insects: Valley elderberry longhorn beetle and delta green ground beetle.
              (D) Crustaceans: Vernal pool fairy shrimp, conservancy fairy shrimp, longhorn fairy shrimp, vernal pool tadpole shrimp, San Diego fairy shrimp, and Riverside fairy shrimp.
              (E) Plants: Butte County meadowfoam, large-flowered wooly meadowfoam, Cook's lomatium, Contra Costa goldfields, Hoover's spurge, fleshy owl's clover, Colusa grass, hairy Orcutt grass, Solano grass, Greene's tuctoria, Sacramento Valley Orcutt grass, San Joaquin Valley Orcutt grass, slender Orcutt grass, California Orcutt grass, spreading navarretia, and San Jacinto Valley crownscale.
              (f) Can the control order be suspended? We reserve the right to suspend or revoke a State's or Tribe's authority under this program if we find that the terms and conditions specified in the depredation order have not been adhered to by that agency. Final decisions to revoke authority will be made by the appropriate Regional Director. The criteria and procedures for suspension, revocation, reconsideration, and appeal are outlined in §§ 13.27 through 13.29 of this subchapter. For the purposes of this section, “issuing officer” means the Regional Director and “permit” means the authority to act under this control order. For purposes of § 13.29(e), appeals must be made to the Director. Additionally, at such time that we determine that resident Canada geese populations no longer pose direct threats to human health, we may choose to terminate part or all of the control order by subsequent regulation. In all cases, we will annually review the necessity and effectiveness of the control order.
              (g) Has the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) approved the information collection requirements of the control order? OMB has approved the information collection and recordkeeping requirements of the control order under OMB control number 1018-0133. We may not conduct or sponsor, and you are not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. You may send comments on the information collection and recordkeeping requirements to the Service's Information Collection Clearance Officer at the address provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b).
              [71 FR 45990, Aug. 10, 2006, as amended at 79 FR 43966, July 29, 2014; 84 FR 28773, June 20, 2019]

              § 21.53
              Control order for purple swamphens.
              (a) Control of purple swamphens. Federal, State, Tribal, and local wildlife management agencies, and their tenants, employees, or agents may remove or destroy purple swamphens (Porphyrio porphyrio) or their nests or eggs at any time when they find them anywhere in the contiguous United States, Hawaii, Alaska, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or the U.S. Virgin Islands. Any authorized agency personnel may temporarily possess, transport, and dispose of purple swamphens, subject to the restrictions in paragraph (c) of this section. No permit is necessary to engage in these actions.
              (b) Disposal of purple swamphens. If you are authorized to control purple swamphens, you may dispose of purple swamphens by the following methods: You may donate purple swamphens taken under this order to public museums or public institutions for scientific or educational purposes; you may dispose of the carcasses by burial or incineration; or, if the carcasses are not readily retrievable, you may leave them in place. No one may retain for personal use, offer for sale, or sell a purple swamphen removed under this section.
              (c) Other provisions. (1) You may not remove or destroy purple swamphens or their nests or eggs if doing so is contrary to any State, territorial, tribal, or local laws or regulations.

              (2) You may not remove or destroy purple swamphens or their nests or eggs if doing so will adversely affect other migratory birds or species designated as endangered or threatened under the authority of the Endangered Species Act. In particular, the purple swamphen resembles the native purple gallinule (Porphyrula martinica). Authorized persons must take special care not to take purple gallinules or their nests or eggs when conducting purple swamphen control activities.
              (3) If you use firearms to control purple swamphens under this regulation, you may use only nontoxic shot or nontoxic bullets for the control.

              (4) If, while operating under this regulation, an authorized person takes any other species protected under the Endangered Species Act, the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, or the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act, that person must immediately report the take to the nearest Ecological Services office of the Fish and Wildlife Service. See http://www.fws.gov/where/ to find the location of the nearest Ecological Services office.

              (5) We may suspend or revoke the authority of any agency or individual to undertake purple swamphen control if we find that agency or individual has, without an applicable permit, taken actions that may take Federally listed threatened or endangered species or any bird species protected by the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act or the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (see § 10.13 of subchapter A of this chapter for the list of protected migratory bird species), or otherwise violated Federal regulations.
              [75 FR 9316, Mar. 1, 2010, as amended at 80 FR 15691, Mar. 25, 2015]

              § 21.54
              Control order for muscovy ducks in the United States.
              (a) Control of muscovy ducks. Anywhere in the contiguous United States except in Hidalgo, Starr, and Zapata Counties in Texas, and in Alaska, Hawaii, and U.S. territories and possessions, landowners and Federal, State, Tribal, and local wildlife management agencies, and their tenants, employees, or agents may, without a Federal permit, remove or destroy muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) (including hybrids of muscovy ducks), or their nests, or eggs at any time when found. Any authorized person may temporarily possess, transport, and dispose of muscovy ducks taken under this order.
              (b) Muscovy ducks in Hidalgo, Starr, and Zapata Counties in Texas. In these counties, take of muscovy ducks, their nests, and their eggs may be allowed if we issue a depredation permit for the activity.
              (c) Disposal of muscovy ducks. You may donate muscovy ducks taken under this order to public museums or public institutions for scientific or educational purposes, or you may dispose of them by burying or incinerating them. You may not retain for personal use or consumption, offer for sale, or sell a muscovy duck removed under authority of this section, nor may you release it in any other location.
              (d) Other provisions. (1) You must comply with any State, territorial, or Tribal laws or regulations governing the removal or destruction of muscovy ducks or their nests or eggs.
              (2) You may not remove or destroy muscovy ducks or their nests or eggs if doing so will adversely affect other migratory birds or species designated as endangered or threatened under the authority of the Endangered Species Act. If you use a firearm to kill muscovy ducks under the provisions of this section, you must use nontoxic shot or nontoxic bullets to do so.
              (3) If you operate under this order, you must immediately report the take of any species protected under the Endangered Species Act, or any other bird species protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, to the Fish and Wildlife Service Ecological Services Office for the State or location in which the take occurred.
              (4) We reserve the right to suspend or revoke the authority of any agency or individual to undertake muscovy duck control if we find that the agency or individual has undertaken actions that may harm Federally listed threatened or endangered species or are contrary to the provisions of this part.
              [75 FR 9321, Mar. 1, 2010]

              § 21.55
              Control order for invasive migratory birds in Hawaii.
              (a) Control of cattle egrets and barn owls. Personnel of the agencies listed in paragraph (b) of this section may take cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) or barn owls (Tyto alba) using the methods authorized in paragraph (c) of this section at any time anywhere in the State of Hawaii, the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, or the unincorporated territory of Midway Atoll. No permit is necessary to engage in these actions. In this section, the word “you” means a person operating officially as an employee of one of the authorized agencies.
              (b) Authorized agencies. (1) Federal Aviation Administration;
              (2) Hawaii Department of Agriculture;
              (3) Hawaii Department of Lands and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife;
              (4) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration;
              (5) National Park Service;
              (6) U.S. Department of Agriculture—Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services;
              (7) U.S. Department of Defense;
              (8) U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service;
              (9) U.S. Geological Survey; and
              (10) University of Hawaii—Pacific Cooperative Studies Units with program mandates to accomplish invasive species eradication and control, including the five island Invasive Species Committees.
              (c) Means of take. (1) You may take cattle egrets and barn owls by means of lethal take or active nest take. Lethal take may occur by firearm or slingshot in accordance with paragraph (c)(2) of this section or lethal or live traps. Active nest take may occur by egg oiling in accordance with paragraph (c)(3) of this section or destruction of nest material and contents (including viable eggs and chicks). Birds may be euthanized by cervical dislocation, CO2 asphyxiation, or other recommended method in the American Veterinary Medical Association Guidelines on Euthanasia.
              (2) If you use a firearm or slingshot to kill cattle egrets or barn owls under the provisions of this order, you must use nontoxic shot or nontoxic bullets to do so. See § 20.21(j) of this chapter for a list of approved nontoxic shot types.
              (3) Eggs must be oiled with 100 percent corn oil, which is exempted from regulation under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
              (4) You may use concealment (such as blinds) and luring devices (such as decoys or recorded calls) for locating, capturing, and/or taking cattle egrets or barn owls.
              (d) Land access. You must obtain appropriate landowner permission before conducting activities authorized by this order.
              (e) Relationship to other regulations. You may take cattle egrets and barn owls under this order only in a way that complies with all applicable Federal, State, county, municipal, or tribal laws. You are responsible for obtaining all required authorizations to conduct this activity.
              (f) Release of injured, sick, or orphaned cattle egrets or barn owls. Wildlife rehabilitators, veterinarians, and all other individuals or agencies who receive sick, injured, or orphaned cattle egrets or barn owls are prohibited from releasing any individuals of those species back into the wild in the State of Hawaii, the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, or the unincorporated territory of Midway Atoll. All applicable local, State, Federal, and/or territorial regulations must be followed to transfer, possess, and/or release cattle egrets or barn owls in any other location.
              (g) Disposal of cattle egret or barn owl carcasses, nests, or nest contents. You may donate carcasses, nests, or nest contents taken under this control order to public museums or public institutions for scientific or educational purposes or to persons authorized by permit or regulation to possess them. You may dispose of the carcasses by burial or incineration; or, if the carcasses are not safely retrievable, you may leave them in place. No one may retain for personal use, offer for sale, barter or trade, or sell a cattle egret or a barn owl or any feathers, parts, nests, or nest contents taken under this section.
              (h) Endangered or threatened species. You may not take cattle egrets or barn owls if doing so will adversely affect other migratory birds protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act or species designated as endangered or threatened under the authority of the Endangered Species Act.
              (i) Reporting take. Any agency engaged in control activities under this control order must provide an annual report of take during the calendar year for each species by January 31st of the following year. The report must include a summary of the number of birds and number of active nests taken for each species, the months in which they were taken, and the island(s) on which they were taken. Multiple reports within agencies may be combined, as appropriate. Submit annual reports to the Pacific Region Migratory Bird Permit Office in Portland, Oregon, at the address shown at 50 CFR 2.2.
              (j) Reporting nontarget take. If, while operating under this control order, you take any other species protected under the Endangered Species Act or the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, you must report within 72 hours the take to the Pacific Region Migratory Bird Permit Office in Portland, Oregon, at the address shown at 50 CFR 2.2.
              (k) Revocation of authority to operate under this order. We may suspend or revoke the authority of any individual or agency to operate under this order if we find that the individual or agency has taken actions that may take federally listed endangered or threatened species or any other bird species protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (see 50 CFR 10.13 for the list of protected migratory bird species), or has violated any Federal or State law or regulation governing this activity. We will notify the affected agency by certified mail, and may change this control order accordingly.
              [82 FR 34425, July 25, 2017]

            Subpart E—Control of Overabundant Migratory Bird Populations

              § 21.60
              Conservation order for light geese.
              (a) What is a conservation order? A conservation order is a special management action that is needed to control certain wildlife populations when traditional management programs are unsuccessful in preventing overabundance of the population. We are authorizing a conservation order under the authority of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act to reduce and stabilize various light goose populations. The conservation order allows new methods of taking light geese, allows shooting hours for light geese to end one-half hour after sunset, and imposes no daily bag limits for light geese inside or outside the migratory bird hunting season frameworks as described in this section.
              (b) Which waterfowl species are covered by the order? The conservation order addresses management of greater snow (Chen caerulescens atlantica), lesser snow (C. c. caerulescens), and Ross's (C. rossii) geese that breed, migrate, and winter in North America. The term light geese refers collectively to greater and lesser snow geese and Ross's geese.
              (c) Where can the conservation order be authorized? The Director can authorize the conservation order in these areas:
              (1) The following States that are contained within the boundaries of the Atlantic Flyway: Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia.
              (2) The following States, or portions of States, that are contained within the boundaries of the Mississippi and Central Flyways: Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
              (3) The following States, or portions of States, that are contained within the boundaries of the Pacific Flyway: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
              (4) Tribal lands within the geographic boundaries in paragraphs (c)(1), (2), and (3) of this section.
              (d) When will the Director authorize the conservation order in a particular Flyway? (1) The Director may authorize the conservation order for the reduction of greater snow geese for any State or Tribe contained within the Atlantic Flyway by publishing a notice under paragraph (e) of this section when the May Waterfowl Population Status report indicates that the management goal of 500,000 birds has been exceeded and that special conservation actions conducted in Canada are insufficient to reduce the population. Authorization of the conservation order in the U.S. portion of the Atlantic Flyway will occur after the Director determines the degree to which the management goal has been exceeded, the trajectory of population growth, anticipated harvest that would result from implementation of the conservation order, and whether or not similar conservation actions will be conducted in Canada.
              (2) The Director may authorize the conservation order for the reduction of mid-continent light geese (lesser snow and Ross's geese) for any State or Tribe contained within the Mississippi and Central Flyways by publishing a notice under paragraph (e) of this section when the May Waterfowl Population Status report indicates that the management goal of 1,600,000 birds (winter index for Mid-continent Population and Western Central Flyway Population, combined) has been exceeded. Authorization of the conservation order in the U.S. portion of the Mississippi and Central Flyways will occur after the Director determines the degree to which the management goal has been exceeded, the trajectory of population growth, anticipated harvest that would result from implementation of the conservation order, and whether or not similar conservation actions will be conducted in Canada.
              (3) The Director may authorize a conservation order for the reduction of light geese (lesser snow and Ross's geese) for any State or Tribe contained within the Pacific Flyway by publishing a notice under paragraph (e) of this section when the Director determines that light goose numbers in the western Arctic have exceeded the ability of their breeding habitat to support them.
              (e) How will the conservation order be authorized for a particular Flyway? The Director will publish a notice in the Federal Register when the conservation order is authorized in a particular Flyway.
              (f) What is required for State/Tribal governments to participate in the conservation order? When authorized by the Director, any State or Tribal government responsible for the management of wildlife and migratory birds may, without permit, kill or cause to be killed under its general supervision, light geese under the following conditions:

              (1) Activities conducted under the conservation order may not affect endangered or threatened species as designated under the Endangered Species Act.
              (2) Control activities must be conducted clearly as such and are intended to relieve pressures on migratory birds and habitat essential to migratory bird populations only and are not to be construed as opening, reopening, or extending any open hunting season contrary to any regulations promulgated under Section 3 of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act.
              (3) Control activities may be conducted only when all waterfowl (including light goose) and crane hunting seasons, excluding falconry, are closed.
              (4) Control measures employed through this section may be used only between the hours of one-half hour before sunrise to one-half hour after sunset.
              (5) Nothing in the conservation order may limit or initiate management actions on Federal land without concurrence of the Federal agency with jurisdiction.
              (6) States and Tribes must designate participants who must operate under the conditions of the conservation order.
              (7) States and Tribes must inform participants of the requirements and conditions of the conservation order that apply.
              (8) States and tribes must keep annual records of activities carried out under the authority of the conservation order. Specifically, information must be collected on:
              (i) The number of persons participating in the conservation order;
              (ii) The number of days people participated in the conservation order;
              (iii) The number of light geese shot and retrieved under the conservation order; and
              (iv) The number of light geese shot but not retrieved.
              (9) The States and Tribes must submit an annual report summarizing activities conducted under the conservation order on or before September 15 of each year, to the Chief, Division of Migratory Bird Management, at the address provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b). Information from Tribes may be incorporated in State reports.
              (g) What is required for persons to participate in the conservation order? Individual participants in State or Tribal programs covered by the conservation order must comply with the following provisions:
              (1) Nothing in the conservation order authorizes the take of light geese contrary to any State or Tribal laws or regulations, and none of the privileges granted under the conservation order may be exercised unless persons acting under the authority of the conservation order possess whatever permit or other authorization(s) may be required for such activities by the State or Tribal government concerned.
              (2) Persons who take light geese under the conservation order may not sell or offer for sale those birds or their plumage but may possess, transport, and otherwise properly use them.
              (3) Persons acting under the authority of the conservation order must permit at all reasonable times, including during actual operations, any Federal or State game or deputy game agent, warden, protector, or other game law enforcement officer free and unrestricted access over the premises on which such operations have been or are being conducted and must promptly furnish whatever information an officer requires concerning the operation.
              (4) Persons acting under the authority of the conservation order may take light geese by any method except those prohibited as follows:
              (i) With a trap, snare, net, rifle, pistol, swivel gun, shotgun larger than 10 gauge, punt gun, battery gun, machine gun, fish hook, poison, drug, explosive, or stupefying substance.
              (ii) From or by means, aid, or use of a sinkbox or any other type of low floating device having a depression affording the person a means of concealment beneath the surface of the water.

              (iii) From or by means, aid, or use of any motor vehicle, motor-driven land conveyance, or aircraft of any kind, except that paraplegics and persons missing one or both legs may carry out take activities from any stationary motor vehicle or stationary motor-driven land conveyance.

              (iv) From or by means of any motorboat or other craft having a motor attached, or any sailboat, unless the motor has been completely shut off and the sails furled, and its progress has ceased. A craft under power may be used only to retrieve dead or crippled birds; however, the craft may not be used under power to shoot any crippled bird.
              (v) By the use or aid of live birds as decoys. It is a violation of this paragraph (g) for any person to take light geese on an area where tame or captive live geese are present unless such birds are and have been for a period of 10 consecutive days before the taking, confined within an enclosure that substantially reduces the audibility of their calls and totally conceals the birds from the sight of light geese.
              (vi) By means or aid of any motor-driven land, water, or air conveyance, or any sailboat used for the purpose of or resulting in the concentrating, driving, rallying, or stirring up of light geese.
              (vii) By the aid of baiting, or on or over any baited area, where a person knows or reasonably should know that the area is or has been baited as described in § 20.11(j-k). Light geese may not be taken on or over lands or areas that are baited areas, and where grain or other feed has been distributed or scattered solely as the result of manipulation of an agricultural crop or other feed on the land where grown, or solely as the result of a normal agricultural operation as described in § 20.11(h) and (l). However, nothing in this paragraph (g) prohibits the taking of light geese on or over the following lands or areas that are not otherwise baited areas:
              (A) Standing crops or flooded standing crops (including aquatics); standing, flooded, or manipulated natural vegetation; flooded harvested croplands; or lands or areas where seeds or grains have been scattered solely as the result of a normal agricultural planting, harvesting, postharvest manipulation or normal soil stabilization practice as described in § 20.11(g), (i), (l), and (m);
              (B) From a blind or other place of concealment camouflaged with natural vegetation;
              (C) From a blind or other place of concealment camouflaged with vegetation from agricultural crops, as long as such camouflaging does not result in the exposing, depositing, distributing, or scattering of grain or other feed; or
              (D) Standing or flooded standing agricultural crops where grain is inadvertently scattered solely as a result of a hunter entering or exiting a hunting area, placing decoys, or retrieving downed birds.
              (viii) Participants may not possess shot (either in shotshells or as loose shot for muzzleloading) other than steel shot, bismuth-tin, tungsten-iron, tungsten-polymer, tungsten-matrix, tungsten-bronze, tungsten-nickel-iron, tungsten-tin-iron, tungsten-nickel-iron-tin, tungsten-iron-copper-nickel, or other shots that are authorized in § 20.21(j).
              (h) Can the conservation order be suspended? The Director reserves the right to suspend or revoke a State's or Tribe's authority under the conservation order if we find that the State or Tribe has not adhered to the terms and conditions specified in this section. The criteria for suspension and revocation are outlined in § 13.27 and § 13.28 of this subchapter. Upon appeal, final decisions to revoke authority will be made by the Director. Additionally, at such time that the Director determines that a specific population of light geese no longer poses a threat to habitats, agricultural crops, or other interests, or is within Flyway management objectives, the Director may choose to terminate part or all of the conservation order.
              (i) Under what conditions would the conservation order be suspended? The Director will annually assess the overall impact and effectiveness of the conservation order on each light goose population to ensure compatibility with long-term conservation of this resource. The Director will suspend the conservation order if at any time evidence clearly demonstrates that an individual light goose population no longer presents a serious threat of injury to the area or areas involved. Suspension by the Director will occur by publication of a notice in the Federal Register. However, resumption of growth by the light goose population in question may warrant reinstatement of the conservation order to control the population. The Director will publish a notice of such reinstatement in the Federal Register. Depending on the status of individual light goose populations, it is possible that a conservation order may be in effect for one or more light goose populations, but not others.
              (j) What are the information collection requirements? The information collection requirements associated with the conservation order are described in paragraphs (f)(6) through (9) of this section. Reported information helps us to assess the effectiveness of light geese population control methods and strategies and assess whether or not additional population control methods are needed. The Office of Management and Budget has approved this information collection and assigned OMB Control No. 1018-0103. We may not conduct or sponsor and a person is not required to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. At any time, you may submit comments on these information collection requirements to the Service's Information Collection Clearance Officer at the address provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b).
              [73 FR 65951, Nov. 5, 2008; 73 FR 70914, Nov. 24, 2008, as amended at 79 FR 43966, July 29, 2014; 80 FR 13500, Mar. 16, 2015]

              § 21.61
              Population control of resident Canada geese.
              (a) Which Canada geese are covered by this regulation? This regulation addresses the population control of resident Canada geese, as defined in § 21.3.
              (b) What is the resident Canada goose population control program, and what is its purpose? The resident Canada goose population control program is a managed take program implemented under the authority of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act to reduce and stabilize resident Canada goose populations when traditional and otherwise authorized management measures are unsuccessful, not feasible for dealing with, or applicable, in preventing injury to property, agricultural crops, public health, and other interests from resident Canada geese. The Director is authorized to allow States and Tribes to implement a population control, or managed take, program to remedy these injuries. When authorized by the Director, managed take allows additional methods of taking resident Canada geese, allows shooting hours for resident Canada geese to extend to one-half hour after sunset, and removes daily bag limits for resident Canada geese inside or outside the migratory bird hunting season frameworks as described in this section. The intent of the program is to reduce resident Canada goose populations in order to protect personal property and agricultural crops and other interests from injury and to resolve potential concerns about human health. The management and control activities allowed or conducted under the program are intended to relieve or prevent damage and injurious situations. No person should construe this program as opening, reopening, or extending any hunting season contrary to any regulations established under section 3 of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act.
              (c) What areas are eligible to participate in the program? When approved by the Director, the State and Tribal wildlife agencies of Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming may implement the resident Canada goose population control program components in the Atlantic, Central, and Mississippi Flyway portions of these States.
              (d) What is required in order for State governments to participate in a managed take program? Following the conclusion of the first full operational year of §§ 21.49 through 21.52 of this part, any wildlife agency from a State listed in 21.61(c) may request approval for the population control program. A request must include a discussion of the State's or Tribe's efforts to address its injurious situations utilizing the methods approved in this rule or a discussion of the reasons why the methods authorized by these rules are not feasible for dealing with, or applicable to, the injurious situations that require further action. Discussions should be detailed and provide the Service with a clear understanding of the injuries that continue, why the authorized methods utilized have not worked, and why methods not utilized could not effectuate resolution of the injuries. A State's request for approval may be for an area or areas smaller than the entire State. Upon written approval by the Director, any State or Tribal government responsible for the management of wildlife and migratory birds may, without permit, kill or cause to be killed under its general supervision, resident Canada geese under the following conditions:
              (1) Activities conducted under the managed take program may not affect endangered or threatened species as designated under the Endangered Species Act.
              (2) Control activities may be conducted under this section only between August 1 and August 31.
              (3) Control measures employed through this section may be implemented only between the hours of one-half hour before sunrise to one-half hour after sunset.
              (4) Nothing in the program may limit or initiate management actions on Federal land without concurrence of the Federal agency with jurisdiction.
              (5) States and Tribes must designate participants who must operate under the conditions of the managed take program.
              (6) States and Tribes must inform participants of the requirements/conditions of the program that apply.
              (7) States and Tribes must keep annual records of activities carried out under the authority of the program. Specifically, information must be collected on:
              (i) The number of individuals participating in the program;
              (ii) The number of days individuals participated in the program;
              (iii) The total number of resident Canada geese shot and retrieved during the program; and
              (iv) The number of resident Canada geese shot but not retrieved. The States and Tribes must submit an annual report summarizing activities conducted under the program and an assessment of the continuation of the injuries on or before June 1 of each year to the Chief, Division of Migratory Bird Management, at the address provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b).
              (e) What is required for individuals to participate in the program? Individual participants in State and Tribal programs covered by the managed take program must comply with the following requirements:
              (1) Participants must comply with all applicable State and Tribal laws or regulations including possession of whatever permit(s) or other authorization(s) may be required by the State or Tribal government concerned.
              (2) Participants who take resident Canada geese under the program may not sell or offer for sale those birds or their plumage, but may possess, transport, and otherwise properly use them.
              (3) Participants must permit at all reasonable times, including during actual operations, any Service special agent or refuge officer, State or Tribal wildlife or deputy wildlife agent, warden, protector, or other wildlife law enforcement officer free and unrestricted access over the premises on which such operations have been or are being conducted and must promptly furnish whatever information an officer requires concerning the operation.
              (4) Participants may take resident Canada geese by any method except those prohibited as follows:
              (i) With a trap, snare, net, rifle, pistol, swivel gun, shotgun larger than 10 gauge, punt gun, battery gun, machine gun, fish hook, poison, drug, explosive, or stupefying substance.
              (ii) From or by means, aid, or use of a sinkbox or any other type of low-floating device, having a depression affording the person a means of concealment beneath the surface of the water.

              (iii) From or by means, aid, or use of any motor vehicle, motor-driven land conveyance, or aircraft of any kind, except that paraplegic persons and persons missing one or both legs may take from any stationary motor vehicle or stationary motor-driven land conveyance.
              (iv) From or by means of any motorboat or other craft having a motor attached, or any sailboat, unless the motor has been completely shut off and the sails furled, and its progress has ceased. A craft under power may be used only to retrieve dead or crippled birds; however, the craft may not be used under power to shoot any crippled birds.
              (v) By the use or aid of live birds as decoys. No person may take resident Canada geese on an area where tame or captive live geese are present unless such birds are, and have been for a period of 10 consecutive days before the taking, confined within an enclosure that substantially reduces the audibility of their calls and totally conceals the birds from the sight of resident Canada geese.
              (vi) By means or aid of any motor-driven land, water, or air conveyance, or any sailboat used for the purpose of or resulting in the concentrating, driving, rallying, or stirring up of resident Canada geese.
              (vii) By the aid of baiting, or on or over any baited area, where a person knows or reasonably should know that the area is or has been baited as described in § 20.11(j) and (k) of this part. Resident Canada geese may not be taken on or over lands or areas that are baited areas, and where grain or other feed has been distributed or scattered solely as the result of manipulation of an agricultural crop or other feed on the land where grown, or solely as the result of a normal agricultural operation as described in § 20.11(h) and (l) of this part. However, nothing in this paragraph prohibits the taking of resident Canada geese on or over the following lands or areas that are not otherwise baited areas:
              (A) Standing crops or flooded standing crops (including aquatics); standing, flooded, or manipulated natural vegetation; flooded harvested croplands; or lands or areas where seeds or grains have been scattered solely as the result of a normal agricultural planting, harvesting, post-harvest manipulation or normal soil stabilization practice as described in § 20.11(g), (i), (l), and (m) of this part;
              (B) From a blind or other place of concealment camouflaged with natural vegetation;
              (C) From a blind or other place of concealment camouflaged with vegetation from agricultural crops, as long as such camouflaging does not result in the exposing, depositing, distributing, or scattering of grain or other feed; or
              (D) Standing or flooded standing agricultural crops where grain is inadvertently scattered solely as a result of a hunter entering or exiting a hunting area, placing decoys, or retrieving downed birds.
              (E) Participants may not possess shot (either in shotshells or as loose shot for muzzleloading) other than steel shot, bismuth-tin, tungsten-iron, tungsten-polymer, tungsten-matrix, tungsten-nickel iron, or other shots that are authorized in § 20.21(j) of this part.
              (f) Under what conditions would we suspend the managed take program? Following authorization by the Director, we will annually assess the overall impact and effectiveness of the program on resident Canada goose populations to ensure compatibility with long-term conservation of this resource. If at any time evidence is presented that clearly demonstrates that resident Canada geese populations no longer need to be reduced in order to allow resolution or prevention of injury to people, property, agricultural crops, or other interests, the Director, in writing, will suspend the program for the resident Canada goose population in question. However, resumption of injuries caused by growth of the population and not otherwise addressable by the methods available in part 21 may warrant reinstatement of such regulations. A State must reapply for approval, including the same information and discussions noted in 21.61(d). Depending on the location of the injury or threat or injury, the Director, in writing, may suspend or reinstate this authorization for one or more resident Canada goose populations, but not others.
              (g) What population information is the State or Tribe required to collect concerning the resident Canada goose managed take program? Participating States and Tribes must provide an annual estimate of the breeding population and distribution of resident Canada geese in their State. The States and Tribes must submit this estimate on or before August 1 of each year, to the Chief, Division of Migratory Bird Management, at the address provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b).
              (h) What are the general program conditions and restrictions? The program is subject to the conditions elsewhere in this section, and, unless otherwise specifically authorized, the following conditions:
              (1) Nothing in this section applies to any Federal land within a State's or Tribe's boundaries without written permission of the Federal agency with jurisdiction.
              (2) States may not undertake any actions under this section if the activities adversely affect other migratory birds or species designated as endangered or threatened under the authority of the Endangered Species Act. Persons operating under this section must immediately report the take of any species protected under the Endangered Species Act to the Service. Further, to protect certain species from being adversely affected by management actions, States must:
              (i) Follow the Federal State Contingency Plan for the whooping crane;
              (ii) Conduct no activities within 300 meters of a whooping crane or Mississippi sandhill crane nest; and
              (iii) Follow all Regional (or National when available) Bald Eagle Nesting Management guidelines for all management activities.
              (i) Has the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) approved the information collection requirements of the program? OMB has approved the information collection and recordkeeping requirements of the program under OMB control number 1018-0133. We may not conduct or sponsor, and you are not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. You may send comments on the information collection and recordkeeping requirements to the Service's Information Collection Clearance Officer at the address provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b).
              [71 FR 45992, Aug. 10, 2006, as amended at 72 FR 46409, Aug. 20, 2007; 79 FR 43966, July 29, 2014]

          Pt. 22
          PART 22—EAGLE PERMITS

              Subpart A—Introduction
              Sec.
              22.1
              What is the purpose of this part?
              22.2
              What activities does this part apply to?
              22.3
              Definitions.
              22.4
              Information collection requirements.

              Subpart B—General Requirements
              22.11
              What is the relationship to other permit requirements?
              22.12
              What activities are illegal?

              Subpart C—Eagle Permits
              22.21
              What are the requirements concerning scientific and exhibition purpose permits?
              22.22
              What are the requirements concerning permits for Indian religious purposes?
              22.23
              What are the requirements for permits to take depredating eagles and eagles that pose a risk to human or eagle health and safety?
              22.24
              Permits for falconry purposes.
              22.25
              What are the requirements concerning permits to take golden eagle nests?
              22.26
              Permits for eagle take that is associated with, but not the purpose of, an activity.
              22.27
              Removal of eagle nests.
              22.28
              Permits for bald eagle take exempted under the Endangered Species Act.

              Subpart D—Depredation Control Orders on Golden Eagles
              22.31
              Golden eagle depredations control order on request of Governor of a State.
              22.32
              Conditions and limitations on taking under depredation control order.

            Authority:
            16 U.S.C. 668-668d; 703-712; 1531-1544.

            Source:
            39 FR 1183, Jan. 4, 1974, unless otherwise noted.

            Subpart A—Introduction

              § 22.1
              What is the purpose of this part?

              This part controls the taking, possession, and transportation within the United States of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) and their parts, nests, and eggs for scientific, educational, and depredation control purposes; for the religious purposes of American Indian tribes; and to protect other interests in a particular locality. This part also governs the transportation into or out of the United States of bald and golden eagle parts for scientific, educational, and Indian religious purposes. The import, export, purchase, sale, trade, or barter of bald and golden eagles, or their parts, nests, or eggs is prohibited.
              [64 FR 50472, Sept. 17, 1999, as amended at 73 FR 29083, May 20, 2008]

              § 22.2
              What activities does this part apply to?
              (a)(1) You can possess or transport within the United States, without a Federal permit:
              (i) Any live or dead bald eagles, or their parts, nests, or eggs that were lawfully acquired before June 8, 1940; and
              (ii) Any live or dead golden eagles, or their parts, nests, or eggs that were lawfully acquired before October 24, 1962.
              (2) You may not transport into or out of the United States, import, export, purchase, sell, trade, barter, or offer for purchase, sale, trade, or barter bald or golden eagles, or their parts, nests, or eggs of these lawfully acquired pre-act birds. However, you may transport into or out of the United States any lawfully acquired dead bald or golden eagles, their parts, nests, or dead eagles, if you acquire a permit issued under § 22.22 of this part.
              (3) No exemption from any statute or regulation will apply to any offspring of these pre-act birds.
              (4) You must mark all shipments containing bald or golden eagles, alive or dead, their parts, nests, or eggs as directed in § 14.81 of this subchapter. The markings must contain the name and address of the person the shipment is going to, the name and address of the person the shipment is coming from, an accurate list of contents by species, and the number of each species.
              (b) The provisions in this part are in addition to, and are not in lieu of, other regulations of this subchapter B which may require a permit or prescribe additional restrictions or conditions for the importation, exportation, and interstate transportation of wildlife (see also part 13 of this subchapter).
              [39 FR 1183, Jan. 4, 1974, as amended at 64 FR 50472, Sept. 17, 1999]

              § 22.3
              Definitions.
              In addition to the definitions contained in part 10 of this subchapter, and unless the context otherwise requires, in this part 22:

                Alternate nest means one of potentially several nests within a nesting territory that is not an in-use nest at the current time. When there is no in-use nest, all nests in the territory are alternate nests.

                Communal roost site means an area where eagles gather repeatedly in the course of a season and shelter overnight and sometimes during the day in the event of inclement weather.

                Compatible with the preservation of the bald eagle or the golden eagle means consistent with the goals of maintaining stable or increasing breeding populations in all eagle management units and the persistence of local populations throughout the geographic range of each species.

                Cumulative effects means the incremental environmental impact or effect of the proposed action, together with impacts of past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future actions.

                Disturb means to agitate or bother a bald or golden eagle to a degree that causes, or is likely to cause, based on the best scientific information available, (1) injury to an eagle, (2) a decrease in its productivity, by substantially interfering with normal breeding, feeding, or sheltering behavior, or (3) nest abandonment, by substantially interfering with normal breeding, feeding, or sheltering behavior.

                Eagle management unit (EMU) means a geographically bounded region within which permitted take is regulated to meet the management goal of maintaining stable or increasing breeding populations of bald or golden eagles.

                Eagle nest means any assemblage of materials built, maintained, or used by bald eagles or golden eagles for the purpose of reproduction.

                Export for the purpose of this part does not include the transportation of any dead bald or golden eagles, or their parts, nests, or dead eggs out of the United States when accompanied with a valid transportation permit.

                Foraging area means an area where eagles regularly feed during one or more seasons.

                Import for the purpose of this part does not include the transportation of any dead bald or golden eagles, or their parts, nests, or dead eggs into the United States when accompanied with a valid transportation permit.

                Important eagle-use area means an eagle nest, foraging area, or communal roost site that eagles rely on for breeding, sheltering, or feeding, and the landscape features surrounding such nest, foraging area, or roost site that are essential for the continued viability of the site for breeding, feeding, or sheltering eagles.

                In-use nest means a bald or golden eagle nest characterized by the presence of one or more eggs, dependent young, or adult eagles on the nest in the past 10 days during the breeding season.

                Indirect effects means effects for which a proposed action is a cause, and which may occur later in time and/or be physically manifested beyond the initial impacts of the action, but are still reasonably likely to occur.

                Local area population (LAP) means the bald or golden eagle population within the area of a human activity or project bounded by the natal dispersal distance for the respective species. The LAP is estimated using the average eagle density of the EMU or EMUs where the activity or project is located.

                Necessary to ensure public health and safety means required to maintain society's well-being in matters of health and safety.

                Nesting attempt means any activity by golden eagles involving egg laying and incubation as determined by the presence of an egg attended by an adult, an adult in incubation posture, or other evidence indicating recent use of a golden eagle nest for incubation of eggs or rearing of young.

                Nesting territory means the area that contains one or more eagle nests within the home range of a mated pair of eagles, regardless of whether such nests were built by the current resident pair.

                Person means an individual, corporation, partnership, trust, association, or any other private entity, or any officer, employee, agent, department, or instrumentality of any State or political subdivision of a State.

                Practicable means available and capable of being done after taking into consideration existing technology, logistics, and cost in light of a mitigation measure's beneficial value to eagles and the activity's overall purpose, scope, and scale.

                Resource development or recovery includes, but is not limited to, mining, timbering, extracting oil, natural gas and geothermal energy, construction of roads, dams, reservoirs, power plants, power transmission lines, and pipelines, as well as facilities and access routes essential to these operations, and reclamation following any of these operations.

                Safety emergency means a situation that necessitates immediate action to alleviate a threat of bodily harm to humans or eagles.

                Take means pursue, shoot, shoot at, poison, wound, kill, capture, trap, collect, destroy, molest, or disturb.

                Transportation into or out of the United States for the purpose of this part means that the permitted item or items transported into or out of the United States do not change ownership at any time, they are not transferred from one person to another in the pursuit of gain or profit, and they are transported into or out of the United States for Indian religious purposes, or for scientific or exhibition purposes under the conditions and during the time period specified on a transportation permit for the items.
              [39 FR 1183, Jan. 4, 1974, as amended at 48 FR 57300, Dec. 29, 1983; 64 FR 50472, Sept. 17, 1999; 72 FR 31139, June 5, 2007; 74 FR 46876, Sept. 11, 2009; 81 FR 91550, Dec. 16, 2016]

              § 22.4
              Information collection requirements.

              (a) The Office of Management and Budget approved the information collection requirements contained in this part 22 under 44 U.S.C. 3507 and assigned OMB Control Number 1018-0022. The Service may not conduct or sponsor, and you are not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. We are collecting this information to provide information necessary to evaluate permit applications. We will use this information to review permit applications and make decisions, according to criteria established in the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act and its regulations, on the issuance, suspension, revocation, or denial of permits. You must respond to obtain or retain a permit.
              (b) Direct comments regarding any aspect of these reporting requirements to the Service's Information Collection Clearance Officer at the address provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b).
              [63 FR 52637, Oct. 1, 1998, as amended at 74 FR 46876, Sept. 11, 2009; 79 FR 43966, July 29, 2014; 81 FR 91550, Dec. 16, 2016]

            Subpart B—General Requirements

              § 22.11
              What is the relationship to other permit requirements?

              You may not take, possess, or transport any bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) or any golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), or the parts, nests, or eggs of such birds, except as allowed by a valid permit issued under this part, 50 CFR part 13, 50 CFR part 17, and/or 50 CFR part 21 as provided by § 21.2, or authorized under a depredation order issued under subpart D of this part. We will accept a single application for a permit under this part and any other parts of this subchapter B if it includes all of the information required for an application under each applicable part.
              (a) A permit that covers take of bald eagles or golden eagles under 50 CFR part 17 for purposes of providing prospective or current ESA authorization constitutes a valid permit issued under this part for any take authorized under the permit issued under part 17 as long as the permittee is in full compliance with the terms and conditions of the permit issued under part 17. The provisions of part 17 that originally applied will apply for purposes of the Eagle Act authorization, except that the criterion for revocation of the permit is that the activity is incompatible with the preservation of the bald eagle or the golden eagle rather than inconsistent with the criterion set forth in 16 U.S.C. 1539(a)(2)(B)(iv).
              (b) You do not need a permit under parts 17 and 21 of this subchapter B for any activity permitted under this part 22 with respect to bald or golden eagles or their parts, nests, or eggs.
              (c) A permit under this part only authorizes take, possession, and/or transport under the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act and does not provide authorization under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act or the Endangered Species Act for the take, possession, and/or transport of migratory birds or endangered or threatened species other than bald or golden eagles.
              (d) If you are transporting dead bald or golden eagles, or their parts, nests, or dead eggs into or out of the United States, you will also need a Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) permit under part 23 of this subchapter.
              [64 FR 50472, Sept. 17, 1999, as amended at 68 FR 61140, Oct. 27, 2003; 73 FR 29083, May 20, 2008; 81 FR 91550, Dec. 16, 2016]

              § 22.12
              What activities are illegal?

              (a) You may not sell, purchase, barter, trade, import, or export, or offer for sale, purchase, barter, or trade, at any time or in any manner, any bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), or any golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), or the parts, nests, or eggs of these birds, and we will not issue a permit to authorize these acts.

              (b) You may not transport into or out of the United States any live bald or golden eagle, or any live egg of those birds, and we will not issue a permit to authorize these acts.
              [64 FR 50472, Sept. 17, 1999]

            Subpart C—Eagle Permits

              § 22.21
              What are the requirements concerning scientific and exhibition purpose permits?

              We may, under the provisions of this section, issue a permit authorizing the taking, possession, transportation within the United States, or transportation into or out of the United States of lawfully possessed bald eagles or golden eagles, or their parts, nests, or eggs for the scientific or exhibition purposes of public museums, public scientific societies, or public zoological parks. We will not issue a permit under this section that authorizes the transportation into or out of the United States of any live bald or golden eagles, or any live eggs of these birds.
              (a) How do I apply if I want a permit for scientific and exhibition purposes? (1) You must submit applications for permits to take, possess, or transport within the United States lawfully acquired live or dead bald or golden eagles, or their parts, nests, or live or dead eggs for scientific or exhibition purposes to the appropriate Regional Director—Attention: Migratory Bird Permit Office. You can find addresses for the Regional Directors in 50 CFR 2.2.
              (2) If you want a permit to transport into or out of the United States any lawfully acquired dead bald or golden eagles or their parts, nests, or dead eggs for scientific or exhibition purposes, you must submit your application to the Office of Management Authority. Your application must contain all the information necessary for the issuance of a CITES permit. You must also comply with all the requirements in part 23 of this subchapter before international travel. Mail should be sent to the Division of Management Authority at the address provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b).
              (3) Your application for any permit under this section must also contain the information required under this section, § 13.12(a) of this subchapter, and the following information:
              (i) Species of eagle and number of such birds, nests, or eggs proposed to be taken, possessed, or transported;
              (ii) Specific locality in which taking is proposed, if any;
              (iii) Method taking proposed, if any;
              (iv) If not taken, the source of eagles and other circumstances surrounding the proposed acquisition or transportation;
              (v) Name and address of the public museum, public scientific societies, or public zoological park for which they are intended;
              (vi) Complete explanation and justification of request, nature of project or study, number of specimens now at institution, reason these are inadequate, and other appropriate explanations.
              (b) What are the conditions? In addition to the general conditions in part 13 of this subchapter B, permits to take, possess, transport within the United States, or transport into or out of the United States bald or golden eagles, or their parts, nests, or eggs for scientific or exhibition purposes, are also subject to the following condition: In addition to any reporting requirement specifically noted in the permit, you must submit a report of activities conducted under the permit to the Regional Director—Attention: Migratory Bird Permit Office, within 30 days after the permit expires.
              (c) How do we evaluate your application for a permit? We will conduct an investigation and will only issue a permit to take, possess, transport within the United States, or transport into or out of the United States bald or golden eagles, or their parts, nests, or eggs for scientific or exhibition purposes when we determine that the taking, possession, or transportation is compatible with the preservation of the bald eagle and golden eagle. In making this determination, we will consider, among other criteria, the following:
              (1) The direct or indirect effect which issuing such permit would be likely to have upon the wild populations of bald and golden eagles;
              (2) Whether the expertise, facilities, or other resources available to the applicant appear adequate to successfully accomplish the objectives stated in the application;
              (3) Whether the justification of the purpose for which the permit is being requested is adequate to justify the removal of the eagle from the wild or otherwise change its status; and

              (4) Whether the applicant has demonstrated that the permit is being requested for bona fide scientific or exhibition purposes of public museums, public scientific societies, or public zoological parks.
              (d) Tenure of permits. The tenure of permits to take bald or golden eagles for scientific or exhibition purposes shall be that shown on the face of the permit.
              [39 FR 1183, Jan. 4, 1974, as amended at 63 FR 52638, Oct. 1, 1998; 64 FR 50472, Sept. 17, 1999; 79 FR 43966, July 29, 2014]

              § 22.22
              What are the requirements concerning permits for Indian religious purposes?

              We will issue a permit only to members of Indian entities recognized and eligible to receive services from the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs listed under 25 U.S.C. 479a-1 engaged in religious activities who satisfy all the issuance criteria of this section. We may, under the provisions of this section, issue a permit authorizing the taking, possession, and transportation within the United States, or transportation into or out of the United States of lawfully acquired bald eagles or golden eagles, or their parts, nests, or eggs for Indian religious use. We will not issue a permit under this section that authorizes the transportation into or out of the United States of any live bald or golden eagles, or any live eggs of these birds.
              (a) How do I apply if I want a permit for Indian religious purposes? You must submit applications for permits to take, possess, transport within the United States, or transport into or out of the United States lawfully acquired bald or golden eagles, or their parts, nests, or eggs for Indian religious use to the appropriate Regional Director—Attention: Migratory Bird Permit Office. You can find addresses for the appropriate Regional Directors in 50 CFR 2.2. If you are applying for a permit to transport into or out of the United States, your application must contain all the information necessary for the issuance of a CITES permit. You must comply with all the requirements in part 23 of this subchapter before international travel. Your application for any permit under this section must also contain the information required under this section, § 13.12(a) of this subchapter, and the following information:
              (1) Species and number of eagles or feathers proposed to be taken, or acquired by gift or inheritance.
              (2) State and local area where the taking is proposed to be done, or from whom acquired.
              (3) Name of tribe with which applicant is associated.
              (4) Name of tribal religious ceremony(ies) for which required.
              (5) You must attach a certification of enrollment in an Indian tribe that is federally recognized under the Federally Recognized Tribal List Act of 1994, 25 U.S.C. 479a-1, 108 Stat. 4791 (1994). The certificate must be signed by the tribal official who is authorized to certify that an individual is a duly enrolled member of that tribe, and must include the official title of that certifying official.
              (b) What are the permit conditions? In addition to the general conditions in part 13 of this subchapter B, permits to take, possess, transport within the United States, or transport into or out of the United States bald or golden eagles, or their parts, nests or eggs for Indian religious use are subject to the following conditions:
              (1) Bald or golden eagles or their parts possessed under permits issued pursuant to this section are not transferable, except such birds or their parts may be handed down from generation to generation or from one Indian to another in accordance with tribal or religious customs; and
              (2) You must submit reports or inventories, including photographs, of eagle feathers or parts on hand as requested by the issuing office.
              (c) How do we evaluate your application for a permit? We will conduct an investigation and will only issue a permit to take, possess, transport within the United States, or transport into or out of the United States bald or golden eagles, or their parts, nests or eggs, for Indian religious use when we determine that the taking, possession, or transportation is compatible with the preservation of the bald and golden eagle. In making a determination, we will consider, among other criteria, the following:
              (1) The direct or indirect effect which issuing such permit would be likely to have upon the wild populations of bald or golden eagles; and

              (2) Whether the applicant is an Indian who is authorized to participate in bona fide tribal religious ceremonies.
              (d) How long are the permits valid? We are authorized to amend, suspend, or revoke any permit that is issued under this section (see §§ 13.23, 13.27, and 13.28 of this subchapter).
              (1) A permit issued to you that authorizes you to take bald or golden eagles will be valid during the period specified on the face of the permit, but will not be longer than 1 year from the date it is issued.
              (2) A permit issued to you that authorizes you to transport and possess bald or golden eagles or their parts, nests, or eggs within the United States will be valid for your lifetime.
              (3) A permit authorizing you to transport dead bald eagles or golden eagles, or their parts, nests, or dead eggs into or out of the United States can be used for multiple trips to or from the United States, but no trip can be longer than 180 days. The permit will be valid during the period specified on the face of the permit, not to exceed 3 years from the date it is issued.
              [39 FR 1183, Jan. 4, 1974, as amended at 63 FR 52638, Oct. 1, 1998; 64 FR 50473, Sept. 17, 1999]

              § 22.23
              What are the requirements for permits to take depredating eagles and eagles that pose a risk to human or eagle health and safety?
              (a) How do I apply for a permit? You must submit applications for permits under this section to the appropriate Regional Director—Attention: Migratory Bird Permit Office. You can find addresses for the appropriate Regional Directors in 50 CFR 2.2. Your application must contain the information and certification required by § 13.12(a) of this subchapter, and the following additional information:
              (1) Species and number of eagles proposed to be taken;
              (2) Location and description of property where taking is proposed;
              (3) Inclusive dates for which permit is requested;
              (4) Method of taking proposed;
              (5) Kind and number of livestock or domestic animals owned by applicant, if applicable;
              (6) Kind and amount of alleged damage, or description of the risk posed to human health and safety or eagles; and
              (7) Name, address, age, and business relationship with applicant of any person the applicant proposes to act for him as his agent in the taking of such eagles.
              (b) What are the permit conditions? In addition to the general conditions set forth in part 13 of this subchapter B, permits to take bald or golden eagles under this section are subject to the following conditions:
              (1) Bald or golden eagles may be taken under permit by firearms, traps, or other suitable means except by poison or from aircraft;
              (2) The taking of eagles under permit may be done only by the permittee or his agents named in the permit;
              (3) Any eagle taken under authority of such permit will be promptly turned over to a Service agent or other game law enforcement officer designated in the permit; and
              (4) In addition to any reporting requirement on a permit, you must submit a report of activities conducted under the permit to the appropriate Regional Director—Attention: Migratory Bird Permit Office within 10 days following completion of the taking operations or the expiration of the permit, whichever occurs first.
              (c) Issuance criteria. The Director will not issue a permit to take bald or golden eagles unless the Director has determined that such taking is compatible with the preservation of the bald or golden eagle. In making such determination, the Director will consider the following:
              (1) The direct or indirect effect which issuing such permit would be likely to have upon the wild population of bald or golden eagles;
              (2) Whether evidence shows that bald or golden eagles have in fact become seriously injurious to wildlife or to agriculture or other interests in the particular locality to be covered by the permit and the injury complained of is substantial, or that bald or golden eagles pose a significant risk to human or eagle health and safety; and
              (3) Whether the only way to abate or prevent the damage caused by the bald or golden eagle is to take some or all of the offending birds.
              (d) Tenure of permits. The tenure of any permit to take bald or golden eagles under this section is that shown on the face of the permit. We will not issue these permits for terms longer than 90 days, except that permits to authorize disturbance associated with hazing eagles from the vicinity may be valid for up to 5 years. We may amend, suspend, or revoke permits issued for a period of longer than 90 days if new information indicates that revised permit conditions are necessary, or that suspension or revocation is necessary, to safeguard local or regional eagle populations.
              [39 FR 1183, Jan. 4, 1974, as amended at 63 FR 52638, Oct. 1, 1998; 64 FR 50473, Sept. 17, 1999; 74 FR 46876, Sept. 11, 2009]

              § 22.24
              Permits for falconry purposes.
              (a) Use of golden eagles in falconry. If you meet the conditions outlined in § 21.29 (c)(3)(iv) of this part, and you have a permit to possess a golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) from your State, tribe, or territory, we consider your permit sufficient for the purposes of the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (16 U.S.C. 668-668d), subject to the requirement that take of golden eagles for falconry is compatible with the preservation of the golden eagle.
              (b) Transfer of golden eagles trapped by government employees to other permittees. If you have the necessary permit(s) from your State, tribe, or territory, a government employee who has trapped a golden eagle under a Federal depredation permit or under a depredation control order may transfer the bird to you if he or she cannot release the eagle in an appropriate location. A golden eagle may only be taken from a livestock or wildlife depredation area declared by USDA Wildlife Services and permitted under § 22.23, or from a livestock depredation area authorized in accordance with Subpart D, Depredation Control Orders on Golden Eagles.
              [73 FR 59477, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 932, Jan. 7, 2010]

              § 22.25
              What are the requirements concerning permits to take golden eagle nests?
              The Director may, upon receipt of an application and in accordance with the issuance criteria of this section, issue a permit authorizing any person to take alternate golden eagle nests during a resource development or recovery operation if the taking is compatible with the preservation of golden eagles. The information collection requirements contained within this section have been approved by the Office of Management and Budget under 44 U.S.C. 3507 and assigned clearance number 1018-0022. This information is being collected to provide information necessary to evaluate permit applications. This information will be used to review permit applications and make decisions, according to the criteria established in this section for the issuance or denial of such permits. The obligation to respond is required to obtain or retain a permit.
              (a) How do I apply for a permit to take golden eagle nests? You must submit applications for permits to take golden eagle nests to the appropriate Regional Director—Attention: Migratory Bird Permit Office. You can find addresses for the appropriate Regional Directors in 50 CFR 2.2. We will only accept applications if you are engaged in a resource development or recovery operation, including the planning and permitting stages of an operation. Your application must contain the general information and certification required by § 13.12(a) of this chapter plus the following additional information:
              (1) A description of the resource development or recovery operation in which the applicant is engaged.
              (2) The number of golden eagle nests proposed to be taken.
              (3) A description of the property on which the taking is proposed, with reference made to its exact geographic location. An appropriately scaled map or plat must be included which delineates the area of the resource development or recovery operation and identifies the exact location of each golden eagle nest proposed to be taken. The map or plat must contain enough detail so that each golden eagle nest proposed to be taken can be readily located by the Service.
              (4) Nest and territory occupancy data. (i) For each golden eagle nest proposed to be taken, the applicant must identify on an appropriately scaled map or plat the exact location of each golden eagle nest in the nesting territory. The map or plat must contain enough details so that each golden eagle nest can be readily located by the Service.

              (ii) A description of the monitoring that was done to verify that eagles are not attending the nest for breeding purposes, and any additional available documentation used in identifying which nests within the territory were in-use nests in current and past breeding seasons.
              (5) A description of each activity to be performed during the resource development or recovery operation which involves the taking of a golden eagle nest.
              (6) The length of time for which the permit is requested, including the dates on which the proposed resource development or recovery operation is to begin and end.
              (7) A statement indicating the intended disposition of each nest proposed to be taken. Applicants should state whether they are willing to collect any nest for scientific or educational purposes.
              (8) A statement indicating any proposed mitigation measures that are compatible with the resource development or recovery operation to encourage golden eagles to reoccupy the resource development or recovery site. Mitigation measures may include reclaiming disturbed land to enhance golden eagle nesting and foraging habitat, relocating in suitable habitat any inactive golden eagle nest taken, or establishing one or more nest sites. If the establishment of one or more nest sites is proposed, a description of the materials and methods to be used and the exact location of each artificial nest site must be included.
              (b) Additional permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set forth in part 13 of this chapter, permits to take golden eagle nests are subject to the following additional conditions:
              (1) Only alternate golden eagle nests may be taken;
              (2) The permittee shall submit a report of activities conducted under the permit to the Director within ten (10) days following the permit's expiration;
              (3) The permittee shall notify the Director in writing at least 10 days but not more than 30 days before any golden eagle nest is taken;
              (4) The permittee must comply with any mitigation and monitoring measures determined by the Director to be practicable and compatible with the resource development or recovery operation; and
              (5) Any permit issued before the commencement of a resource development or recovery operation is invalid if the activity which required a permit is not performed.
              (c) Issuance criteria. The Director shall conduct an investigation and not issue a permit to take any golden eagle nest unless such taking is compatible with the preservation of golden eagles. In making such determination, the Director shall consider the following:
              (1) Whether the applicant can reasonably conduct the resource development or recovery operation in a manner that avoids taking any golden eagle nest;
              (2) The total number of golden eagle nests proposed to be taken;
              (3) Whether suitable golden eagle nesting and foraging habitat unaffected by the resource development or recovery operation is available to accommodate any golden eagles displaced by the resource development or recovery operation; and
              (4) Whether practicable mitigation measures compatible with the resource development or recovery operation are available to encourage reoccupation by golden eagles of the resource development or recovery site. Mitigation measures may include, but are not limited to, reclaiming disturbed land to enhance golden eagle nesting and foraging habitat, relocating in suitable habitat any golden eagle nest taken, or establishing one or more nest sites.
              (d) Tenure of permits. The tenure of any permit to take golden eagle nests is 2 years from the date of issuance, unless a shorter period of time is prescribed on the face of the permit. Permits may be renewed in accordance with part 13 of this chapter.
              [48 FR 57300, Dec. 29, 1983, as amended at 63 FR 52638, Oct. 1, 1998; 64 FR 50474, Sept. 17, 1999; 81 FR 91550, Dec. 16, 2016]

              § 22.26
              Permits for eagle take that is associated with, but not the purpose of, an activity.
              (a) Purpose and scope. This permit authorizes take of bald eagles and golden eagles where the take is compatible with the preservation of the bald eagle and the golden eagle; is necessary to protect an interest in a particular locality; is associated with, but not the purpose of, the activity; and cannot practicably be avoided.
              (b) Definitions. In addition to the definitions contained in part 10 of this subchapter, and § 22.3, the following definition applies in this section:

                Eagle means a live bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), live golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), a bald eagle egg, or a golden eagle egg.
              (c) Permit conditions. In addition to the conditions set forth in part 13 of this subchapter, which govern permit renewal, amendment, transfer, suspension, revocation, and other procedures and requirements for all permits issued by the Service, your authorization is subject to the following additional conditions:
              (1) You must comply with all avoidance, minimization, or other mitigation measures specified in the terms of your permit to mitigate for the detrimental effects on eagles, including indirect and cumulative effects, of the permitted take.
              (i) Compensatory mitigation scaled to project impacts will be required for any permit authorizing take that would exceed the applicable eagle management unit take limits. Compensatory mitigation for this purpose must ensure the preservation of the affected eagle species by reducing another ongoing form of mortality by an amount equal to or greater than the unavoidable mortality, or increasing the eagle population by an equal or greater amount.
              (ii) Compensatory mitigation may also be required in the following circumstances:
              (A) When cumulative authorized take, including the proposed take, would exceed 5 percent of the local area population; or
              (B) When available data indicate that cumulative unauthorized mortality would exceed 10 percent of the local area population.
              (iii) All required compensatory mitigation must:
              (A) Be determined based on application of all practicable avoidance and minimization measures;
              (B) Be sited within the same eagle management unit where the permitted take will occur unless the Service has reliable data showing that the population affected by the take includes individuals that are reasonably likely to use another eagle management unit during part of their seasonal migration;
              (C) Use the best available science in formulating and monitoring the long-term effectiveness of mitigation measures and use rigorous compliance and effectiveness monitoring and evaluation to make certain that mitigation measures achieve their intended outcomes, or that necessary changes are implemented to achieve them;
              (D) Be additional and improve upon the baseline conditions of the affected eagle species in a manner that is demonstrably new and would not have occurred without the compensatory mitigation (voluntary actions taken in anticipation of meeting compensatory mitigation requirements for an eagle take permit not yet granted may be credited toward compensatory mitigation requirements);
              (E) Be durable and, at a minimum, maintain its intended purpose for as long as impacts of the authorized take persist; and
              (F) Include mechanisms to account for and address uncertainty and risk of failure of a compensatory mitigation measure.
              (iv) Compensatory mitigation may include conservation banking, in-lieu fee programs, and other third-party mitigation projects or arrangements. Permittee-responsible mitigation may be approved provided the permittee submits verifiable documentation sufficient to demonstrate that the standards set forth in paragraph (c)(1)(iii) of this section have been met and the alternative means of compensatory mitigation will offset the permitted take to the degree that is compatible with the preservation of eagles.
              (2) Monitoring. (i) You may be required to monitor impacts to eagles from the permitted activity for up to 3 years after completion of the activity or as set forth in a separate management plan, as specified on your permit. For ongoing activities and enduring site features that will likely continue to cause take, periodic monitoring will be required for as long as the data are needed to assess impacts to eagles.
              (ii) The frequency and duration of required monitoring will depend on the form and magnitude of the anticipated take and the objectives of associated avoidance, minimization, or other mitigation measures, not to exceed what is reasonable to meet the primary purpose of the monitoring, which is to provide data needed by the Service regarding the impacts of the activity on eagles for purposes of adaptive management. You must coordinate with the Service to develop project-specific monitoring protocols. If the Service has officially issued or endorsed, through rulemaking procedures, monitoring protocols for the activity that will take eagles, you must follow them, unless the Service waives this requirement. Your permit may require that the monitoring be conducted by qualified, independent third parties that report directly to the Service.
              (3) You must submit an annual report summarizing the information you obtained through monitoring to the Service every year that your permit is valid and for up to 3 years after completion of the activity or termination of the permit, as specified in your permit. The Service will make eagle mortality information from annual reports available to the public.
              (4) While the permit is valid and for up to 3 years after it expires, you must allow Service personnel, or other qualified persons designated by the Service, access to the areas where eagles are likely to be affected, at any reasonable hour, and with reasonable notice from the Service, for purposes of monitoring eagles at the site(s).
              (5) The authorizations granted by permits issued under this section apply only to take that results from activities conducted in accordance with the description contained in the permit application and the terms of the permit. If the permitted activity changes after a permit is issued, you must immediately contact the Service to determine whether a permit amendment is required in order to retain take authorization.
              (6) You must contact the Service immediately upon discovery of any unanticipated take.
              (7) Additional conditions for permits with durations longer than 5 years—(i) Monitoring. Monitoring to assess project impacts to eagles and the effectiveness of avoidance and minimization measures must be conducted by qualified, independent third parties, approved by the Service. Monitors must report directly to the Service and provide a copy of the reports and materials to the permittee.
              (ii) Adaptive management. The permit will specify circumstances under which modifications to avoidance, minimization, or compensatory mitigation measures or monitoring protocols will be required, which may include, but are not limited to: Take levels, location of take, and changes in eagle use of the activity area. At a minimum, the permit must specify actions to be taken if take approaches or reaches the amount authorized and anticipated within a given time frame. Adaptive management terms in a permit will include review periods of no more than 5 years and may require prompt action(s) upon reaching specified conditions at any time during the review period.
              (iii) Permit reviews. At no more than 5 years from the date a permit that exceeds 5 years is issued, and at least every 5 years thereafter, the permittee will compile, and submit to the Service, eagle fatality data or other pertinent information that is site-specific for the project, as required by the permit. The Service will review this information, as well as information provided directly to the Service by independent monitors, to determine whether:
              (A) The permittee is in compliance with the terms and conditions of the permit and has implemented all applicable adaptive management measures specified in the permit; and
              (B) Eagle take does not exceed the amount authorized to occur within the period of review.
              (iv) Actions to be taken based on the permit review. (A) In consultation with the permittee, the Service will update fatality predictions, authorized take levels and compensatory mitigation for future years, taking into account the observed levels of take based on approved protocols for monitoring and estimating total take, and, if applicable, accounting for changes in operations or permit conditions pursuant to the adaptive management measures specified in the permit or made pursuant to paragraphs (c)(7)(iv)(B) through (D) of this section.
              (B) If authorized take levels for the period of review are exceeded in a manner or to a degree not addressed in the adaptive management conditions of the permit, based on the observed levels of take using approved protocols for monitoring and estimating total take, the Service may require additional actions including but not limited to:
              (1) Adding, removing, or adjusting avoidance, minimization, or compensatory mitigation measures;
              (2) Modifying adaptive management conditions;
              (3) Modifying monitoring requirements; and
              (4) Suspending or revoking the permit in accordance with part 13 of this subchapter B.
              (C) If the observed levels of take, using approved protocols for monitoring and estimating total take, are below the authorized take levels for the period of review, the Service will proportionately revise the amount of compensatory mitigation required for the next period of review, including crediting excess compensatory mitigation already provided by applying it to the next period of review.
              (D) Provided the permittee implements all required actions and remains compliant with the terms and conditions of the permit, no other action is required. However, with consent of the permittee, the Service may make additional changes to a permit, including appropriate modifications to avoidance and/or minimization measures or monitoring requirements. If measures are adopted that have been shown to be effective in reducing risk to eagles, appropriate adjustments will be made in fatality predictions, take estimates, and compensatory mitigation.
              (v) Fees. For permits with terms longer than 5 years, an administration fee of $8,000 will be assessed every 5 years for permit review.
              (8) The Service may amend, suspend, or revoke a permit issued under this section if new information indicates that revised permit conditions are necessary, or that suspension or revocation is necessary, to safeguard local or regional eagle populations. This provision is in addition to the general criteria for amendment, suspension, and revocation of Federal permits set forth in §§ 13.23, 13.27, and 13.28 of this chapter.
              (9) Notwithstanding the provisions of § 13.26 of this chapter, you remain responsible for all outstanding monitoring requirements and mitigation measures required under the terms of the permit for take that occurs prior to cancellation, expiration, suspension, or revocation of the permit.
              (10) You must promptly notify the Service of any eagle(s) found injured or dead at the activity site, regardless of whether the injury or death resulted from your activity. The Service will determine the disposition of such eagles.
              (11) You are responsible for ensuring that the permitted activity is in compliance with all Federal, Tribal, State, and local laws and regulations applicable to eagles.
              (d) Applying for an eagle take permit. (1) You are advised to coordinate with the Service as early as possible for advice on whether a permit is needed and for technical assistance in assembling your permit application package. The Service may provide guidance on developing complete and adequate application materials and will determine when the application form and materials are ready for submission.
              (2) Your application must consist of a completed application Form 3-200-71 and all required attachments. Send applications to the Regional Director of the Region in which the take would occur—Attention: Migratory Bird Permit Office. You can find the current addresses for the Regional Directors in § 2.2 of subchapter A of this chapter.

              (3) Except as set forth in paragraph (d)(3)(ii) of this section, an applicant must coordinate with the Service to develop project-specific monitoring and survey protocols, take probability models, and any other applicable data quality standards, and include in the application all the data thereby obtained.

              (i) If the Service has officially issued or endorsed, through rulemaking procedures, survey, modeling, or other data quality standards for the activity that will take eagles, you must follow them and include in your application all the data thereby obtained, unless the Service waives this requirement for your application.
              (ii) Applications for eagle incidental take permits for wind facilities must include pre-construction eagle survey information collected according to the following standards, unless exceptional circumstances apply and survey requirements can be modified to accommodate those circumstances after consultation with, and written concurrence by, the Service:
              (A) Surveys must consist of point-based recordings of bald eagle and golden eagle flight activity (minutes of flight) within a three-dimensional cylindrical plot (the sample plot). The radius of the sample plot is 2,625 feet (ft) (800 meters (m)), and the height above ground level must be either 656 ft (200 m) or 82 ft (25 m) above the maximum blade reach, whichever is greater.
              (B) The duration of the survey for each visit to each sample plot must be at least 1 hour.
              (C) Sampling must include at least 12 hours per sample plot per year for 2 or more years. Each sample plot must be sampled at least once per month, and the survey start time for a sampling period must be selected randomly from daylight hours,1
                 unless the conditions in paragraph (d)(3)(ii)(F) of this section apply.

                  1 Daylight hours are defined as the hours between sunrise and sunset.

              (D) Sampling design must be spatially representative of the project footprint,2
                 and spatial coverage of sample plots must include at least 30 percent of the project footprint. Sample plot locations must be determined randomly, unless the conditions in paragraph (d)(3)(ii)(F) of this section apply.

                  2 The project footprint is the minimum-convex polygon that encompasses the wind-project area inclusive of the hazardous area around all turbines and any associated utility infrastructure, roads, etc.

              (E) The permit application package must contain the following:

                (1) Coordinates of each sample point in decimal degrees (specify projection/datum).

                (2) The radius and height of each sample plot.

                (3) The proportion of each three-dimensional sample plot that was observable from the sample point for each survey.

                (4) Dates, times, and weather conditions for each survey, to include the time surveys at each sample point began and ended.

                (5) Information for each survey on the number of eagles by species observed (both in flight and perched), and the amount of flight time (minutes) that each was in the sample plot area.

                (6) The number of proposed turbines and their specifications, including brand/model, rotor diameter, hub height, and maximum blade reach (height), or the range of possible options.
              (7) Coordinates of the proposed turbine locations in decimal degrees (specify projection/datum), including any alternate sites.
              (F) Stratified-random sampling (a sample design that accounts for variation in eagle abundance by, for example, habitat, time of day, season) will often provide more robust, efficient sampling. Random sampling with respect to time of day, month, or project footprint can be waived if stratification is determined to be a preferable sampling strategy after consultation and approval in advance with the Service.
              (iii) Application of the Service-endorsed data quality standards of paragraphs (d)(3)(i) and (ii) of this section may not be needed if:
              (A) The Service has data of sufficient quality to predict the likely risk to eagles;
              (B) Expediting the permit process will benefit eagles; or
              (C) The Service determines the risk to eagles from the activity is low enough relative to the status of the eagle population based on:
              (1) Physiographic and biological factors of the project site; or
              (2) The project design (i.e., use of proven technology, micrositing, etc.).

              (e) Evaluation of applications. In determining whether to issue a permit, we will evaluate:
              (1) Whether take is likely to occur based on the magnitude and nature of the impacts of the activity.
              (2) Whether the take is:
              (i) Compatible with the preservation of the bald eagle and the golden eagle, including consideration of indirect effects and the cumulative effects of other permitted take and other additional factors affecting eagle populations;
              (ii) Associated with the permanent loss of an important eagle use area;
              (iii) Necessary to protect a legitimate interest in a particular locality; and
              (iv) Associated with, but not the purpose of, the activity.
              (3) Whether the cumulative authorized take, including the proposed take, would exceed 5 percent of the local area population.
              (4) Any available data indicating that unauthorized take may exceed 10 percent of the local area population.
              (5) Whether the applicant has proposed all avoidance and minimization measures to reduce the take to the maximum degree practicable relative to the magnitude of the impacts to eagles.
              (6) Whether the applicant has proposed compensatory mitigation measures that comply with standards set forth under paragraph (c)(1) of this section to compensate for remaining unavoidable impacts after all appropriate and practicable avoidance and minimization measures have been applied.
              (7) Whether issuing the permit would preclude the Service from authorizing another take necessary to protect an interest of higher priority, according to the following prioritization order:
              (i) Safety emergencies;
              (ii) Increased need for traditionally practiced Native American tribal religious use that requires taking eagles from the wild;
              (iii) Non-emergency activities necessary to ensure public health and safety; and
              (iv) Other interests.
              (8) For projects that are already operational and have taken eagles without a permit, whether such past unpermitted eagle take has been resolved or is in the process of resolution with the Office of Law Enforcement through settlement or other appropriate means.
              (9) Any additional factors that may be relevant to our decision whether to issue the permit, including, but not limited to, the cultural significance of a local eagle population.
              (f) Required determinations. Before we issue a permit, we must find that:

              (1) The direct and indirect effects of the take and required mitigation, together with the cumulative effects of other permitted take and additional factors affecting the eagle populations within the eagle management unit and the local area population, are compatible with the preservation of bald eagles and golden eagles.
              (2) The taking is necessary to protect an interest in a particular locality.
              (3) The taking is associated with, but not the purpose of, the activity.
              (4) The applicant has applied all appropriate and practicable avoidance and minimization measures to reduce impacts to eagles.
              (5) The applicant has applied all appropriate and practicable compensatory mitigation measures, when required, pursuant to paragraph (c) of this section, to compensate for remaining unavoidable impacts after all appropriate and practicable avoidance and minimization measures have been applied.
              (6) Issuance of the permit will not preclude issuance of another permit necessary to protect an interest of higher priority as set forth in paragraph (e)(7) of this section.
              (7) Issuance of the permit will not interfere with an ongoing civil or criminal action concerning unpermitted past eagle take at the project.
              (g) We may deny issuance of a permit if we determine that take is not likely to occur.
              (h) Permit duration. The duration of each permit issued under this section will be designated on its face and will be based on the duration of the proposed activities, the period of time for which take will occur, the level of impacts to eagles, and the nature and extent of mitigation measures incorporated into the terms and conditions of the permit. A permit for incidental take will not exceed 30 years.
              (i) Applicants for eagle incidental take permits who submit a completed permit application by July 14, 2017 may elect to apply for coverage under the regulations that were in effect prior to January 17, 2017 provided that the permit application satisfies the permit application requirements of the regulations in effect prior to January 17, 2017. If the Service issues a permit to such applicants, all of the provisions and conditions of the regulations that were in effect prior to January 17, 2017 will apply.
              [74 FR 46877, Sept. 11, 2009, as amended at 79 FR 73725, Dec. 9, 2013; 81 FR 8004, Feb. 17, 2016; 81 FR 91551, Dec. 16, 2016]

              § 22.27
              Removal of eagle nests.
              (a) Purpose and scope. (1) A permit may be issued under this section to authorize removal or relocation of:
              (i) An in-use or alternate nest where necessary to alleviate an existing safety emergency, or to prevent a rapidly developing safety emergency that is otherwise likely to result in bodily harm to humans or eagles while the nest is still in use by eagles for breeding purposes;
              (ii) An alternate nest when the removal is necessary to ensure public health and safety;
              (iii) An alternate nest, or an in-use nest prior to egg-laying, that is built on a human-engineered structure and creates, or is likely to create, a functional hazard that renders the structure inoperable for its intended use; or
              (iv) An alternate nest, provided the take is necessary to protect an interest in a particular locality and the activity necessitating the take or the mitigation for the take will, with reasonable certainty, provide a net benefit to eagles.
              (2) Where practicable and biologically warranted, the permit may require a nest to be relocated, or a substitute nest provided, in a suitable site within the same territory to provide a viable nesting option for eagles within that territory, unless such relocation would create a threat to safety. However, we may issue permits to remove nests that we determine cannot or should not be relocated. The permit may authorize take of eggs or nestlings if present. The permit may also authorize the take of adult eagles (e.g., disturbance or capture) associated with the removal or relocation of the nest.
              (3) A permit may be issued under this section to cover multiple nest takes over a period of up to 5 years, provided the permittee complies with comprehensive measures developed in coordination with the Service to minimize the need to remove nests and specified as conditions of the permit.
              (4) This permit does not authorize intentional, lethal take of eagles.
              (b) Conditions.(1) The permit does not authorize take of in-use nests except:
              (i) For safety emergencies as provided under paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section; or
              (ii) Prior to egg-laying if the in-use nest is built on a human-engineered structure and meets the provisions set forth in paragraph (a)(1)(iii) of this section.
              (2) When an in-use nest must be removed under this permit, any take of nestlings or eggs must be conducted by a Service-approved, qualified agent. All nestlings and viable eggs must be immediately transported to foster/recipient nests or a rehabilitation facility permitted to care for eagles, as directed by the Service, unless the Service waives this requirement.
              (3) Possession of the nest for any purpose other than removal or relocation is prohibited without a separate permit issued under this part authorizing such possession.
              (4) You must submit a report consisting of a summary of the activities conducted under the permit to the Service within 30 days after the permitted take occurs, except that for programmatic permits, you must report each nest removal within 10 days after the take and submit an annual report by January 31 containing all the information required in Form 3-202-16 for activities conducted during the preceding calendar year.

              (5) You may be required to monitor the area and report whether eagles attempt to build or occupy another nest at another site in the vicinity for the duration specified in the permit.
              (6) You may be required under the terms of the permit to harass eagles from the area following the nest removal when the Service determines it is necessary to prevent eagles from re-nesting in the vicinity.
              (7) You must comply with all avoidance, minimization, or other mitigation measures specified in the terms of your permit to mitigate for the detrimental effects on eagles, including indirect and cumulative effects, of the permitted take.
              (8) Compensatory mitigation scaled to project impacts will be required for any permit authorizing take that would exceed the applicable eagle management unit take limits. Compensatory mitigation must conform to the standards set forth at § 22.26(c)(1)(iii). Compensatory mitigation may also be required in the following circumstances:
              (i) When cumulative authorized take, including the proposed take, would exceed 5 percent of the local area population;
              (ii) When available data indicate that cumulative unauthorized mortality would exceed 10 percent of the local area population; or
              (iii) If the permitted activity does not provide a net benefit to eagles, you must apply appropriate and practicable compensatory mitigation measures as specified in your permit to provide a net benefit to eagles scaled to the effects of the nest removal.
              (9) The Service may amend or revoke a programmatic permit issued under this section if new information indicates that revised permit conditions are necessary, or that suspension or revocation is necessary, to safeguard local or regional eagle populations.
              (10) Notwithstanding the provisions of § 13.26 of this subchapter, you remain responsible for all outstanding monitoring requirements and mitigation measures required under the terms of the permit for take that occurs prior to cancellation, expiration, suspension, or revocation of the permit.
              (11) You are responsible for ensuring that the permitted activity is in compliance with all Federal, Tribal, State, and local laws and regulations applicable to eagles.
              (c) Applying for a permit to take eagle nests. (1) If the take is necessary to address an immediate threat to human or eagle safety, contact your local U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Regional Migratory Bird Permit Office (http://www.fws.gov/permits/mbpermits/addresses.html) at the earliest possible opportunity to inform the Service of the emergency.
              (2) Your application must consist of a completed application Form 3-200-72 and all required attachments. Send applications to the Regional Director of the Region in which the disturbance would occur—Attention: Migratory Bird Permit Office. You can find the current addresses for the Regional Directors in § 2.2 of subchapter A of this chapter.
              (d) Evaluation of applications. In determining whether to issue a permit, we will evaluate:
              (1) Whether the activity meets the requirements of paragraph (a)(1) of this section;
              (2) The direct and indirect effects of the take and required mitigation, together with the cumulative effects of other permitted take and additional factors affecting eagle populations;
              (3) Whether there is a practicable alternative to nest removal that will protect the interest to be served;
              (4) Whether issuing the permit would preclude the Service from authorizing another take necessary to protect an interest of higher priority, as set forth in paragraph (e)(5) of this section;
              (5) For take that is not necessary to alleviate an immediate safety emergency, whether suitable nesting and foraging habitat is available to accommodate eagles displaced by the nest removal; and
              (6) Any additional factors that may be relevant to our decision whether to issue the permit, including, but not limited to, the cultural significance of a local eagle population.
              (e) Required determinations. Before issuing a permit under this section, we must find that:

              (1) The direct and indirect effects of the take and required mitigation, together with the cumulative effects of other permitted take and additional factors affecting eagle populations, are compatible with the preservation of the bald eagle or the golden eagle.
              (2) For alternate nests:
              (i) The take is necessary to ensure public health and safety;
              (ii) The nest is built on a human-engineered structure and creates, or is likely to create, a functional hazard that renders the structure inoperable for its intended use; or
              (iii) The take is necessary to protect an interest in a particular locality, and the activity necessitating the take or the mitigation for the take will, with reasonable certainty, provide a net benefit to eagles.
              (3) For in-use nests prior to egg-laying, the nest is built on a human-engineered structure and creates, or is likely to create, a functional hazard that renders the structure inoperable for its intended use.
              (4) For in-use nests, the take is necessary to alleviate an existing safety emergency, or to prevent a rapidly developing safety emergency that is otherwise likely to result in bodily harm to humans or eagles while the nest is still in use by eagles for breeding purposes.
              (5) There is no practicable alternative to nest removal that would protect the interest to be served.
              (6) Issuing the permit will not preclude the Service from authorizing another take necessary to protect an interest of higher priority, according to the following prioritization order:
              (i) Safety emergencies;
              (ii) Increased need for traditionally practiced Native American tribal religious use that requires taking eagles from the wild;
              (iii) Non-emergency activities necessary to ensure public health and safety;
              (iv) Resource development or recovery operations (under § 22.25, for golden eagle nests only); and
              (v) Other interests.
              (f) Tenure of permits. The tenure of any permit to take eagle nests under this section is set forth on the face of the permit and will not be longer than 5 years.
              [74 FR 46877, Sept. 11, 2009, as amended at 81 FR 91553, Dec. 16, 2016]

              § 22.28
              Permits for bald eagle take exempted under the Endangered Species Act.
              (a) Purpose and scope. This permit authorizes take of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in compliance with the terms and conditions of a section 7 incidental take statement under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA) (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.; 50 CFR 402, Subpart B) issued prior to the effective date of 50 CFR 22.26.
              (b) Issuance criteria. Before issuing you a permit under this section, we must find that you are in full compliance with the terms and conditions contained in the applicable ESA incidental take statement issued prior to the effective date of 50 CFR 22.26 for take of eagles, based on your certification and any other relevant information available to us, including, but not limited to, monitoring or progress reports required pursuant to your incidental take statement. The terms and conditions of the Eagle Act permit under this section, including any modified terms and conditions, must be compatible with the preservation of the bald eagle.
              (c) Permit conditions. (1) You must comply with all terms and conditions of the incidental take statement issued under section 7 of the ESA, or modified measures specified in the terms of your permit issued under this section. At permit issuance or at any time during its tenure, the Service may modify the terms and conditions that were included in your ESA incidental take statement, based on one or more of the following factors:
              (i) You requested and received modified measures because some of the requirements for take authorization under the ESA were not necessary for take authorization under the Eagle Act;
              (ii) The amount or extent of incidental take authorized under the take statement is exceeded;

              (iii) New information reveals effects of the action that may affect eagles in a manner or to an extent not previously considered, and requires modification of the terms and conditions to ensure the preservation of the bald eagle or the golden eagle; or

              (iv) The activity will be modified by the permittee in a manner that causes effects to eagles that were not previously considered and which requires modification of the terms and conditions in the incidental take statement in order to ensure the preservation of the bald eagle or the golden eagle.
              (2) During any period when the eagles covered by your incidental take statement are listed under the ESA, you must comply with the terms and conditions of both the incidental take statement and the permit issued under this section.
              (d) Permit duration. The permit will be valid until the action that will take eagles, as described in the incidental take statement or modified to condition the permit issued under this section, is completed, as long as the permittee complies with the terms and conditions of the permit, including any modified terms and conditions.
              (e) Applying for an eagle take permit. (1) Your application must consist of a copy of the applicable section 7 incidental take statement issued pursuant to the Endangered Species Act (ESA), and a signed certification that you are in full compliance with all terms and conditions of the ESA incidental take statement.
              (2) If you request reevaluation of the terms and conditions required under your previously granted ESA incidental take statement for eagles, you must include a description of the modifications you request, and an explanation for why you believe the original conditions or measures are not reasonably justified to offset the detrimental impact of the permitted activity on eagles.
              (3) Send completed permit applications to the Regional Director of the Region in which the disturbance would occur—Attention: Migratory Bird Permit Office. You can find the current addresses for the Regional Directors in § 2.2 of subchapter A of this chapter.
              [73 FR 29083, May 20, 2008; 74 FR 46879, Sept. 11, 2009]

            Subpart D—Depredation Control Orders on Golden Eagles

              § 22.31
              Golden eagle depredations control order on request of Governor of a State.
              (a) Whenever the Governor of any State requests permission to take golden eagles to seasonally protect domesticated flocks and herds in such State, the Director shall make an investigation and if he determines that such taking is necessary to and will seasonally protect domesticated flocks and herds in such States he shall authorize such taking in whatever part or parts of the State and for such periods as he determines necessary to protect such interests.

              (b) Requests from the Governor of a State to take golden eagles to seasonally protect domesticated flocks and herds must be submitted in writing to the Director listing the periods of time during which the taking of such birds is recommended, and including a map of the State indicating the boundaries of the proposed area of taking. Such requests should include a statement of the facts and the source of such facts that in the Governor's opinion justifies the request. After a decision by the Director, the Governor will be advised in writing concerning the request and a notice will be published in the Federal Register.

              § 22.32
              Conditions and limitations on taking under depredation control order.
              (a) Whenever the taking of golden eagles without a permit is authorized for the seasonal protection of livestock, such birds may be taken by firearms, traps, or other suitable means except by poison or from aircraft.

              (b) Any person exercising any of the privileges granted by this subpart D must permit all reasonable times, including during actual operations, any Service agent, or other game law enforcement officer free and unrestricted access over the premises on which such operations have been or are being conducted; and shall furnish promptly to such officer whatever information he may require concerning such operations.

              (c) The authority to take golden eagles under a depredations control order issued pursuant to this subpart D only authorizes the taking of golden eagles when necessary to seasonally protect domesticated flocks and herds, and all such birds taken must be reported and turned over to a local Bureau Agent.

          Pt. 23
          PART 23—CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (CITES)

              Subpart A—Introduction
              Sec.
              23.1
              What are the purposes of these regulations and CITES?
              23.2
              How do I decide if these regulations apply to my shipment or me?
              23.3
              What other wildlife and plant regulations may apply?
              23.4
              What are Appendices I, II, and III?
              23.5
              How are the terms used in these regulations defined?
              23.6
              What are the roles of the Management and Scientific Authorities?
              23.7
              What office do I contact for CITES information?
              23.8
              What are the information collection requirements?
              23.9
              Incorporation by reference.

              Subpart B—Prohibitions, Exemptions, and Requirements
              23.13
              What is prohibited?
              23.14
              [Reserved]
              23.15
              How may I travel internationally with my personal or household effects, including tourist souvenirs?
              23.16
              What are the U.S. CITES requirements for urine, feces, and synthetically derived DNA?
              23.17
              What are the requirements for CITES specimens traded internationally by diplomatic, consular, military, and other persons exempt from customs duties or inspections?
              23.18
              What CITES documents are required to export Appendix-I wildlife?
              23.19
              What CITES documents are required to export Appendix-I plants?
              23.20
              What CITES documents are required for international trade?
              23.21
              What happens if a country enters a reservation for a species?
              23.22
              What are the requirements for in-transit shipments?
              23.23
              What information is required on U.S. and foreign CITES documents?
              23.24
              What code is used to show the source of the specimen?
              23.25
              What additional information is required on a non-Party CITES document?
              23.26
              When is a U.S. or foreign CITES document valid?
              23.27
              What CITES documents do I present at the port?

              Subpart C—Application Procedures, Criteria, and Conditions
              23.32
              How do I apply for a U.S. CITES document?
              23.33
              How is the decision made to issue or deny a request for a U.S. CITES document?
              23.34
              What kinds of records may I use to show the origin of a specimen when I apply for a U.S. CITES document?
              23.35
              What are the requirements for an import permit?
              23.36
              What are the requirements for an export permit?
              23.37
              What are the requirements for a re-export certificate?
              23.38
              What are the requirements for a certificate of origin?
              23.39
              What are the requirements for an introduction-from-the-sea certificate?
              23.40
              What are the requirements for a certificate for artificially propagated plants?
              23.41
              What are the requirements for a bred-in-captivity certificate?
              23.42
              What are the requirements for a plant hybrid?
              23.43
              What are the requirements for a wildlife hybrid?
              23.44
              What are the requirements for traveling internationally with my personally owned live wildlife?
              23.45
              What are the requirements for a pre-Convention specimen?
              23.46
              What are the requirements for registering a commercial breeding operation for Appendix-I wildlife and commercially exporting specimens?
              23.47
              What are the requirements for export of an Appendix-I plant artificially propagated for commercial purposes?
              23.48
              What are the requirements for a registered scientific institution?
              23.49
              What are the requirements for an exhibition traveling internationally?
              23.50
              What are the requirements for a sample collection covered by an ATA carnet?
              23.51
              What are the requirements for issuing a partially completed CITES document?
              23.52
              What are the requirements for replacing a lost, damaged, stolen, or accidentally destroyed CITES document?
              23.53
              What are the requirements for obtaining a retrospective CITES document?
              23.54
              How long is a U.S. or foreign CITES document valid?
              23.55

              How may I use a CITES specimen after import into the United States?

              23.56
              What U.S. CITES document conditions do I need to follow?

              Subpart D—Factors Considered in Making Certain Findings
              23.60
              What factors are considered in making a legal acquisition finding?
              23.61
              What factors are considered in making a non-detriment finding?
              23.62
              What factors are considered in making a finding of not for primarily commercial purposes?
              23.63
              What factors are considered in making a finding that an animal is bred in captivity?
              23.64
              What factors are considered in making a finding that a plant is artificially propagated?
              23.65
              What factors are considered in making a finding that an applicant is suitably equipped to house and care for a live specimen?

              Subpart E—International Trade in Certain Specimens
              23.68
              How can I trade internationally in roots of American ginseng?
              23.69
              How can I trade internationally in fur skins and fur skin products of bobcat, river otter, Canada lynx, gray wolf, and brown bear harvested in the United States?
              23.70
              How can I trade internationally in American alligator and other crocodilian skins, parts, and products?
              23.71
              How can I trade internationally in sturgeon caviar?
              23.72
              How can I trade internationally in plants?
              23.73
              How can I trade internationally in timber?
              23.74
              How can I trade internationally in personal sport-hunted trophies?
              23.75
              How can I trade internationally in vicuña (Vicugna vicugna)?

              Subpart F—Disposal of Confiscated Wildlife and Plants
              23.78
              What happens to confiscated wildlife and plants?
              23.79
              How may I participate in the Plant Rescue Center Program?

              Subpart G—CITES Administration
              23.84
              What are the roles of the Secretariat and the committees?
              23.85
              What is a meeting of the Conference of the Parties (CoP)?
              23.86
              How can I obtain information on a CoP?
              23.87
              How does the United States develop documents and negotiating positions for a CoP?
              23.88
              What are the resolutions and decisions of the CoP?

              Subpart H—Lists of Species
              23.89
              What are the criteria for listing species in Appendix I or II?
              23.90
              What are the criteria for listing species in Appendix III?
              23.91
              How do I find out if a species is listed?
              23.92
              Are any wildlife or plants, and their parts, products, or derivatives, exempt?

            Authority:

            Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (March 3, 1973), 27 U.S.T. 1087; and Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.

            Source:
            72 FR 48448, Aug. 23, 2007, unless otherwise noted.

            Subpart A—Introduction

              § 23.1
              What are the purposes of these regulations and CITES?
              (a) Treaty. The regulations in this part implement the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, also known as CITES, the Convention, the Treaty, or the Washington Convention, TIAS (Treaties and Other International Acts Series) 8249.
              (b) Purpose. The aim of CITES is to regulate international trade in wildlife and plants, including parts, products, and derivatives, to ensure it is legal and does not threaten the survival of species in the wild. Parties, recognize that:
              (1) Wildlife and plants are an irreplaceable part of the natural systems of the earth and must be protected for this and future generations.
              (2) The value of wildlife and plants is ever-growing from the viewpoints of aesthetics, science, culture, recreation, and economics.
              (3) Although countries should be the best protectors of their own wildlife and plants, international cooperation is essential to protect wildlife and plant species from over-exploitation through international trade.
              (4) It is urgent that countries take appropriate measures to prevent illegal trade and ensure that any use of wildlife and plants is sustainable.
              (c) National legislation. We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), implement CITES through the Endangered Species Act (ESA).

              § 23.2
              How do I decide if these regulations apply to my shipment or me?
              If you are engaging in activities with specimens of CITES-listed species these regulations apply to you.
              [79 FR 30419, May 27, 2014]

              § 23.3
              What other wildlife and plant regulations may apply?
              (a) You may need to comply with other regulations in this subchapter that require a permit or have additional restrictions. Many CITES species are also covered by one or more parts of this subchapter or title and have additional requirements:
              (1) Part 15 (exotic birds).
              (2) Part 16 (injurious wildlife).
              (3) Parts 17 of this subchapter and 222, 223, and 224 of this title (endangered and threatened species).
              (4) Parts 18 of this subchapter and 216 of this title (marine mammals).
              (5) Part 20 (migratory bird hunting).
              (6) Part 21 (migratory birds).
              (7) Part 22 (bald and golden eagles).
              (b) If you are applying for a permit, you must comply with the general permit procedures in part 13 of this subchapter. Definitions and a list of birds protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act can be found in part 10 of this subchapter.
              (c) If you are importing (including introduction from the sea), exporting, or re-exporting wildlife or plants, you must comply with the regulations in part 14 of this subchapter for wildlife or part 24 of this subchapter for plants. Activities with plants are also regulated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) and Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), in 7 CFR parts 319, 355, and 356.
              (d) You may also need to comply with other Federal, State, tribal, or local requirements.

              § 23.4
              What are Appendices I, II, and III?
              Species are listed by the Parties in one of three Appendices to the Treaty (see subpart H of this part), each of which provides a different level of protection and is subject to different requirements. Parties regulate trade in specimens of Appendix-I, -II, and -III species and their parts, products, and derivatives through a system of permits and certificates (CITES documents). Such documents enable Parties to monitor the effects of the volume and type of trade to ensure trade is legal and not detrimental to the survival of the species.
              (a) Appendix I includes species threatened with extinction that are or may be affected by trade. Trade in Appendix-I specimens may take place only in exceptional circumstances.
              (b) Appendix II includes species that are not presently threatened with extinction, but may become so if their trade is not regulated. It also includes species that need to be regulated so that trade in certain other Appendix-I or -II species may be effectively controlled; these species are most commonly listed due to their similarity of appearance to other related CITES species.
              (c) Appendix III includes species listed unilaterally by a range country to obtain international cooperation in controlling trade.

              § 23.5
              How are the terms used in these regulations defined?
              In addition to the definitions contained in part 10 of this subchapter, and unless the context otherwise requires, in this part:

                Affected by trade means that either a species is known to be in trade and the trade has or may have a detrimental impact on the status of the species, or a species is suspected to be in trade or there is demonstrable potential international demand for the species that may be detrimental to the survival of the species in the wild.

                Annotation means an official footnote to the listing of a species in the CITES Appendices. A reference annotation provides information that further explains the listing (such as “p.e.” for possibly extinct). A substantive annotation is an integral part of a species listing. It designates whether the listing includes or excludes a geographically separate population, subspecies, species, group of species, or higher taxon, and the types of specimens included in or excluded from the listing, such as certain parts, products, or derivatives. A substantive annotation may designate export quotas adopted by the CoP. For species transferred from Appendix I to II subject to an annotation relating to specified types of specimens, other types of specimens that are not specifically included in the annotation are treated as if they are Appendix-I specimens.

                Appropriate and acceptable destination, when used in an Appendix-II listing annotation for the export of, or international trade in, live animals, means that the Management Authority of the importing country has certified, based on advice from the Scientific Authority of that country, that the proposed recipient is suitably equipped to house and care for the animal (see criteria in § 23.65). Such certification must be provided before a CITES document is issued by the Management Authority of the exporting or re-exporting country.

                Artificially propagated means a cultivated plant that meets the criteria in § 23.64.

                ATA carnet means a type of international customs document (see § 23.50). ATA is a combination of the French and English words “Admission Temporaire/Temporary Admission.”

                Bred for commercial purposes means any specimen of an Appendix-I wildlife species bred in captivity for commercial purposes. Any Appendix-I specimen that does not meet the definition of “bred for noncommercial purposes” is considered to be bred for commercial purposes.

                Bred for noncommercial purposes means any specimen of an Appendix-I wildlife species bred in captivity for noncommercial purposes, where each donation, exchange, or loan of the specimen is noncommercial.

                Bred in captivity means wildlife that is captive-bred and meets the criteria in § 23.63.

                Captive-bred means wildlife that is the offspring (first (F1) or subsequent generations) of parents that either mated or otherwise transferred egg and sperm under controlled conditions if reproduction is sexual, or of a parent that was maintained under controlled conditions when development of the offspring began if reproduction is asexual, but does not meet the bred-in-captivity criteria (see § 23.63).

                Certificate means a CITES document or CITES exemption document that identifies on its face the type of certificate it is, including re-export certificate, introduction-from-the-sea certificate, and certificate of origin.

                CITES document or CITES exemption document means any certificate, permit, or other document issued by a Management Authority of a Party or a competent authority of a non-Party whose name and address is on file with the Secretariat to authorize the international movement of CITES specimens.

                Commercial means related to an activity, including actual or intended import, export, re-export, sale, offer for sale, purchase, transfer, donation, exchange, or provision of a service, that is reasonably likely to result in economic use, gain, or benefit, including, but not limited to, profit (whether in cash or in kind).

                Coral (dead) means pieces of stony coral that contain no living coral tissue and in which the structure of the corallites (skeletons of the individual polyps) is still intact and the specimens are therefore identifiable to the level of species or genus. See also § 23.23(c)(13).

                Coral fragments, including coral gravel and coral rubble, means loose pieces of broken finger-like stony coral between 2 and 30 mm measured in all directions that contain no living coral tissue and are not identifiable to the level of genus (see § 23.92 for exemptions).

                Coral (live) means pieces of stony coral that are alive and are therefore identifiable to the level of species or genus. See also § 23.23(c)(13).

                Coral rock means hard consolidated material greater than 30 mm measured in any direction that consists of pieces of stony coral that contain no living coral tissue and possibly also cemented sand, coralline algae, or other sedimentary rocks. Coral rock includes live rock and substrate, which are terms for pieces of coral rock to which are attached live specimens of other invertebrate species or coralline algae that are not listed in the CITES Appendices. See also § 23.23(c)(13).

                Coral sand means material that consists entirely or in part of finely crushed stony coral no larger than 2 mm measured in all directions that contains no living coral tissue and is not identifiable to the level of genus (see § 23.92 for exemptions).

                Coral (stony) means any coral in the orders Helioporacea, Milleporina, Scleractinia, Stolonifera, and Stylasterina.

                Country of origin means the country where the wildlife or plant was taken from the wild or was born or propagated in a controlled environment, except in the case of a plant specimen that qualified for an exemption under the provisions of CITES, the country of origin is the country in which the specimen ceased to qualify for the exemption.

                Cultivar means a horticulturally derived plant variety that: has been selected for a particular character or combination of characters; is distinct, uniform, and stable in these characters; and when propagated by appropriate means, retains these characters. The cultivar name and description must be formally published in order to be recognized under CITES.

                Cultivated means a plant grown or tended by humans for human use. A cultivated plant can be treated as artificially propagated under CITES only if it meets the criteria in § 23.64.

                Export means to send, ship, or carry a specimen out of a country (for export from the United States, see part 14 of this subchapter).

                Flasked means plant material obtained in vitro, in solid or liquid media, transported in sterile containers.

                Household effect means a dead wildlife or plant specimen that is part of a household move and meets the criteria in § 23.15.

                Hybrid means any wildlife or plant that results from a cross of genetic material between two separate taxa when one or both are listed in Appendix I, II, or III. See § 23.42 for plant hybrids and § 23.43 for wildlife hybrids.

                Import means to bring, ship, or carry a specimen into a country (for import into the United States, see part 14 of this subchapter).

                International trade means the import, introduction from the sea, export, or re-export across jurisdictional or international boundaries for any purpose whether commercial or noncommercial.

                In-transit shipment means the transshipment of any wildlife or plant through an intermediary country when the specimen remains under customs control and either the shipment meets the requirements of § 23.22 or the sample collection covered by an ATA carnet meets the requirements of § 23.50.

                Introduction from the sea means transportation into a country of specimens of any species that were taken in the marine environment not under the jurisdiction of any country, i.e., taken in those marine areas beyond the areas subject to the sovereignty or sovereign rights of a country consistent with international law, as reflected in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.

                ISO country code means the two-letter country code developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to represent the name of a country and its subdivisions.

                Live rock see the definition for coral rock.

                Management Authority means a governmental agency officially designated by, and under the supervision of, either a Party to implement CITES, or a non-Party to serve in the role of a Management Authority, including the issuance of CITES documents on behalf of that country.

                Noncommercial means related to an activity that is not commercial. Noncommercial includes, but is not limited to, personal use.

                Non-Party means a country that has not deposited an instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval, or accession to CITES with the Depositary Government (Switzerland), or a country that was a Party but subsequently notified the Depositary Government of its denunciation of CITES and the denunciation is in effect.

                Offspring of first generation (F1) means a wildlife specimen produced in a controlled environment from parents at least one of which was conceived in or taken from the wild.

                Offspring of second generation (F2) or subsequent generations means a wildlife specimen produced in a controlled environment from parents that were also produced in a controlled environment.

                Parental stock means the original breeding or propagating specimens that produced the subsequent generations of captive or cultivated specimens.

                Party means a country that has given its consent to be bound by the provisions of CITES by depositing an instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval, or accession with the Depositary Government (Switzerland), and for which such consent is in effect.

                Permit means a CITES document that identifies on its face import permit or export permit.

                Personal effect means a dead wildlife or plant specimen, including a tourist souvenir, that is worn as clothing or accessories or is contained in accompanying baggage and meets the criteria in § 23.15.

                Personal use means use that is not commercial and is for an individual's own consumption or enjoyment.

                Precautionary measures means the actions taken that will be in the best interest of the conservation of the species when there is uncertainty about the status of a species or the impact of trade on the conservation of a species.

                Pre-Convention means a specimen that was acquired (removed from the wild or born or propagated in a controlled environment) before the date the provisions of the Convention first applied to the species and that meets the criteria in § 23.45, and any product (including a manufactured item) or derivative made from such specimen.

                Primarily commercial purposes means an activity whose noncommercial aspects do not clearly predominate (see § 23.62).

                Propagule means a structure, such as a cutting, seed, or spore, which is capable of propagating a plant.

                Ranched wildlife means specimens of animals reared in a controlled environment that were taken from the wild as eggs or juveniles where they would otherwise have had a very low probability of surviving to adulthood. See also § 23.34.

                Readily recognizable means any specimen that appears from a visual, physical, scientific, or forensic examination or test; an accompanying document, packaging, mark, or label; or any other circumstances to be a part, product, or derivative of any CITES wildlife or plant, unless such part, product, or derivative is specifically exempt from the provisions of CITES or this part.

                Re-export means to send, ship, or carry out of a country any specimen previously imported into that country, whether or not the specimen has been altered since import.

                Reservation means the action taken by a Party to inform the Secretariat that it is not bound by the effect of a specific listing (see § 23.21).

                Scientific Authority means a governmental or independent scientific institution or entity officially designated by either a Party to implement CITES, or a non-Party to serve the role of a Scientific Authority, including making scientific findings.

                Secretariat means the entity designated by the Treaty to perform certain administrative functions (see § 23.84).

                Shipment means any CITES specimen in international trade whether for commercial or noncommercial use, including any personal item.

                Species means any species, subspecies, hybrid, variety, cultivar, color or morphological variant, or geographically separate population of that species.

                Specimen means any wildlife or plant, whether live or dead. This term includes any readily recognizable part, product, or derivative unless otherwise annotated in the Appendices.

                Sustainable use means the use of a species in a manner and at a level that maintains wild populations at biologically viable levels for the long term. Such use involves a determination of the productive capacity of the species and its ecosystem to ensure that utilization does not exceed those capacities or the ability of the population to reproduce, maintain itself, and perform its role or function in its ecosystem.

                Trade means the same as international trade.

                Transit see the definition for in-transit shipment.

                Traveling exhibition means a display of live or dead wildlife or plants for entertainment, educational, cultural, or other display purposes that is temporarily moving internationally.
              [72 FR 48448, Aug. 23, 2007, as amended at 79 FR 30419, May 27, 2014]

              § 23.6
              What are the roles of the Management and Scientific Authorities?
              Under Article IX of the Treaty, each Party must designate a Management and Scientific Authority to implement CITES for that country. If a non-Party wants to trade with a Party, it must also designate such Authorities. The names and addresses of these offices must be sent to the Secretariat to be included in the Directory. In the United States, different offices within the FWS have been designated the Scientific Authority and Management Authority, which for purposes of this section includes FWS Law Enforcement. When offices share activities, the Management Authority is responsible for dealing primarily with management and regulatory issues and the Scientific Authority is responsible for dealing primarily with scientific issues. The offices do the following:

                  Roles
                  U.S.Scientific Authority

                  U.S. ManagementAuthority

                  (a) Provide scientific advice and recommendations, including advice on biological findings for applications for certain CITES documents, registrations, and export program approvals. Evaluate the conservation status of species to determine if a species listing or change in a listing is warranted. Interpret listings and review nomenclatural issues.
                  x

                  (b) Review applications for CITES documents and issue or deny them based on findings required by CITES.

                  x

                  (c) Communicate with the Secretariat and other countries on scientific, administrative, and enforcement issues.
                  x
                  x

                  (d) Ensure that export of Appendix-II specimens is at a level that maintains a species throughout its range at a level consistent with its role in the ecosystems in which it occurs and well above the level at which it might become eligible for inclusion in Appendix I.
                  x

                  (e) Monitor trade in all CITES species and produce annual reports on CITES trade.

                  x

                  (f) Collect the cancelled foreign export permit or re-export certificate and any corresponding import permit presented for import of any CITES specimen. Collect a copy of the validated U.S. export permit or re-export certificate presented for export or re-export of any CITES specimen.

                  x

                  (g) Produce biennial reports on legislative, regulatory, and administrative measures taken by the United States to enforce the provisions of CITES.

                  x

                  (h) Coordinate with State and tribal governments and other Federal agencies on CITES issues, such as the status of native species, development of policies, negotiating positions, and law enforcement activities.
                  x
                  x

                  (i) Communicate with the scientific community, the public, and media about CITES issues. Conduct public meetings and publish notices to gather input from the public on the administration of CITES and the conservation and trade status of domestic and foreign species traded internationally.
                  x
                  x

                  (j) Represent the United States at the meetings of the CoP, on committees (see subpart G of this part), and on CITES working groups. Consult with other countries on CITES issues and the conservation status of species. Prepare discussion papers and proposals for new or amended resolutions and species listings for consideration at the CoP.
                  x
                  x

                  (k) Provide assistance to APHIS and CBP for the enforcement of CITES. Cooperate with enforcement officials to facilitate the exchange of information between enforcement bodies and for training purposes.
                  x
                  x

                  (l) Provide financial and technical assistance to other governmental agencies and CITES officials of other countries.
                  x
                  x

              § 23.7
              What office do I contact for CITES information?

              Contact the following offices to receive information about CITES:

                  Type of information
                  Office to contact

                  (a) CITES administrative and management issues:
                    (1) CITES documents, including application forms and procedures; lists of registered scientific institutions and operations breeding Appendix-I wildlife for commercial purposes; and reservations
                    (2) Information on the CoP
                    (3) List of CITES species
                    (4) Names and addresses of other countries' Management and Scientific Authority offices
                    (5) Notifications, resolutions, and decisions
                    (6) Standing Committee documents and issues
                    (7) State and tribal export programs

                  U.S. Management Authority, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Headquarters, MS: IA, 5275 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041-3803, Toll Free: (800) 358-2104/permit questions, Tel: (703) 358-2095/other questions, Fax: (703) 358-2281/permits, Fax: (703) 358-2298/other issues, Email: managementauthority@fws.gov, Web site: http://www.fws.gov/international and http://www.fws.gov/permits.

                  (b) Scientific issues:
                    (1) Animals and Plants Committees documents and issues
                    (2) Findings of non-detriment and suitability of facilities, and other scientific findings
                    (3) Listing of species in the Appendices and relevant resolutions
                    (4) Names and addresses of other countries' Scientific Authority offices and scientists involved with CITES-related issues
                    (5) Nomenclatural issues

                  U.S. Scientific Authority, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Headquarters, MS: IA, 5275 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041-3803, Tel: (703) 358-1708, Fax: (703) 358-2276, Email: scientificauthority@fws.gov, Web site: http://www.fws.gov/international.

                  (c) Wildlife clearance procedures:
                    (1) CITES replacement tags
                    (2) Information about wildlife port office locations
                    (3) Information bulletins
                    (4) Inspection and clearance of wildlife shipments involving import, introduction from the sea, export, and re-export, and filing a Declaration of Importation or Exportation of Fish or Wildlife (Form 3-177)
                    (5) Validation, certification, or cancellation of CITES wildlife documents

                  Law Enforcement, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Headquarters, MS: OLE, 5275 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041-3803, Tel: (703) 358-1949, Fax: (703) 358-2271, Web site: http://www.fws.gov/le.

                  (d) APHIS plant clearance procedures:
                    (1) Information about plant port office locations
                    (2) Inspection and clearance of plant shipments involving:
                    (i) Import and introduction from the sea of living plants
                    (ii) Export and re-export of living and nonliving plants
                    (3) Validation or cancellation of CITES plant documents for the type of shipments listed in paragraph (d)(2) of this section

                  U.S. Department of Agriculture APHIS/PPQ, 4700 River Road, Riverdale, Maryland 20737-1236, Toll Free: (877) 770-5990/permit questions, Tel: (301) 734-8891/other CITES issues, Fax: (301) 734-5786/permit questions, Fax: (301) 734-5276/other CITES issues, Website: http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health

                  (e) CBP plant clearance procedures:
                    (1) Inspection and clearance of plant shipments involving:
                    (i) Import and introduction from the sea of nonliving plants
                    (ii) Import of living plants from Canada at designated border ports (7 CFR 319.37-14(b) and 50 CFR 24.12(d))
                    (2) Cancellation of CITES plant documents for the type of shipments listed in paragraph (e)(1) of this section

                  Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Office of Field Operations, Agriculture Programs and Liaison, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Room 2.5 B, Washington, DC 20229, Tel: (202) 344-3298, Fax: (202) 344-1442

                  (f) General information on CITES:
                    (1) CITES export quota information
                    (2) CITES'Guidelines for transport and preparation for shipment of live wild animals and plants

                    (3) Information about the Secretariat
                    (4) Names and addresses of other countries' Management and Scientific Authority offices
                    (5) Official documents, including resolutions, decisions, notifications, CoP documents, and committee documents
                    (6) Official list of CITES species and species database
                    (7) Text of the Convention

                  CITES Secretariat, Website: http://www.cites.org

              [72 FR 48448, Aug. 23, 2007, as amended at 79 FR 30420, May 27, 2014; 79 FR 43966, July 29, 2014]

              § 23.8
              What are the information collection requirements?

              The Office of Management and Budget approved the information collection requirements for application forms and reports contained in this part and assigned OMB Control Number 1018-0093. We cannot collect or sponsor a collection of information and you are not required to provide information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number.
              [72 FR 48448, Aug. 23, 2007, as amended at 79 FR 30420, May 27, 2014]

              § 23.9
              Incorporation by reference.

              (a) Certain material is incorporated by reference into this part with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. You may inspect copies at the U.S. Management Authority, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Headquarters, MS. IA, 5275 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041-3803, or at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.

              (b) International Air Transport Association (IATA), 800 Place Victoria, P.O. Box 113, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4Z 1M1, 1-800-716-6326, http://www.iata.org.

              (1) Live Animals Regulations (LAR) 40th edition, effective October 1, 2013, into §§ 23.23, 23.26, and 23.56.
              (2) Perishable Cargo Regulations (PCR) 13th edition, effective July 1, 2013, into §§ 23.23, 23.26, and 23.56.
              [79 FR 30420, May 27, 2014, as amended at 79 FR 43967, July 29, 2014]

            Subpart B—Prohibitions, Exemptions, and Requirements

              § 23.13
              What is prohibited?
              Except as provided in § 23.92, it is unlawful for any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States to conduct any of the following activities unless they meet the requirements of this part:
              (a) Import, export, re-export, or engage in international trade with any specimen of a species listed in Appendix I, II, or III of CITES.
              (b) Introduce from the sea any specimen of a species listed in Appendix I or II of CITES.
              (c) Possess any specimen of a species listed in Appendix I, II, or III of CITES imported, exported, re-exported, introduced from the sea, or traded contrary to the provisions of CITES, the ESA, or this part.
              (d) Use any specimen of a species listed in Appendix I, II, or III of CITES for any purpose contrary to what is allowed under § 23.55.
              (e) Violate any other provisions of this part.
              (f) Attempt to commit, solicit another to commit, or cause to be committed any of the activities described in paragraphs (a) through (e) of this section.
              [72 FR 48448, Aug. 23, 2007, as amended at 79 FR 30420, May 27, 2014]

              § 23.14
              [Reserved]

              § 23.15
              How may I travel internationally with my personal or household effects, including tourist souvenirs?
              (a) Purpose. Article VII(3) of the Treaty recognizes a limited exemption for the international movement of personal and household effects.
              (b) Stricter national measures. The exemption for personal and household effects does not apply if a country prohibits or restricts the import, export, or re-export of the item.
              (1) You or your shipment must be accompanied by any document required by a country under its stricter national measures.
              (2) In the United States, you must obtain any permission needed under other regulations in this subchapter (see § 23.3).
              (c) Required CITES documents. You must obtain a CITES document for personal or household effects and meet the requirements of this part if one of the following applies:
              (1) The Management Authority of the importing, exporting, or re-exporting country requires a CITES document.
              (2) You or your shipment does not meet all of the conditions for an exemption as provided in paragraphs (d) through (f) of this section.

              (3) The personal or household effect for the following species exceeds the quantity indicated in paragraphs (c)(3)(i) through (vi) in the table below:

                  Major group
                  Species (Appendix II only)
                  Type of specimen
                  Quantity 1

                  Fishes
                  (i) Acipenseriformes (sturgeon, including paddlefish)
                  Sturgeon caviar (see § 23.71)
                  125 gm

                  Fishes
                  (ii) Hippocampus spp. (seahorses)
                  Dead specimens, parts, products (including manufactured items), and derivatives
                  4

                  Reptiles
                  (iii) Crocodylia (alligators, caimans, crocodiles, gavial)
                  Dead specimens, parts, products (including manufactured items), and derivatives
                  4

                  Molluscs
                  (iv) Strombus gigas (queen conch)
                  Shells
                  3

                  Molluscs
                  (v) Tridacnidae (giant clams)
                  Shells, each of which may be one intact shell or two matching halves
                  3 shells, total not exceeding 3 kg

                  Plants
                  (vi) Cactaceae (cacti)
                  Rainsticks
                  3

                  1 To import, export, or re-export more than the quantity listed in the table, you must have a valid CITES document for the entire quantity.

              (d) Personal effects. You do not need a CITES document to import, export, or re-export any legally acquired specimen of a CITES species to or from the United States if all of the following conditions are met:
              (1) No live wildlife or plant (including eggs or non-exempt seeds) is included.
              (2) No specimen from an Appendix-I species is included, except for certain worked African elephant ivory as provided in paragraph (f) of this section.
              (3) The specimen and quantity of specimens are reasonably necessary or appropriate for the nature of your trip or stay and, if the type of specimen is one listed in paragraph (c)(3) of this section, the quantity does not exceed the quantity given in the table.
              (4) You own and possess the specimen for personal use, including any specimen intended as a personal gift.
              (5) You are either wearing the specimen as clothing or an accessory or taking it as part of your personal baggage, which is being carried by you or checked as baggage on the same plane, boat, vehicle, or train as you.
              (6) The specimen was not mailed or shipped separately.
              (e) Household effects. You do not need a CITES document to import, export, or re-export any legally acquired specimen of a CITES species that is part of a shipment of your household effects when moving your residence to or from the United States, if all of the following conditions are met:
              (1) The provisions of paragraphs (d)(1) through (3) of this section are met.
              (2) You own the specimen and are moving it for personal use.
              (3) You import or export your household effects within 1 year of changing your residence from one country to another.
              (4) The shipment, or shipments if you cannot move all of your household effects at one time, contains only specimens purchased, inherited, or otherwise acquired before you changed your residence.
              (f) African elephant worked ivory. You may export or re-export from the United States worked African elephant (Loxodonta africana) ivory and then re-import it without a CITES document if all of the following conditions are met:
              (1) The worked ivory is a personal or household effect that meets the requirements of paragraphs (c) through (e) of this section and you are a U.S. resident who owned the worked ivory before leaving the United States and intend to bring the item back to the United States.
              (2) The ivory is pre-Convention (see § 23.45). (The African elephant was first listed in CITES on February 26, 1976.)
              (3) You may not sell or transfer the ivory while outside the United States.

              (4) The ivory is substantially worked and is not raw. Raw ivory means an African elephant tusk, or any piece of tusk, the surface of which, polished or unpolished, is unaltered or minimally carved, including ivory mounted on a stand or part of a trophy.

              (5) When you return, you are able to provide records, receipts, or other documents to show that the ivory is pre-Convention and that you owned and registered it before you left the United States. To register such an item you must obtain one of the following documents:
              (i) U.S. CITES pre-Convention certificate.
              (ii) FWS Declaration of Importation or Exportation of Fish or Wildlife (Form 3-177).
              (iii) Customs and Border Protection Certificate of Registration for Personal Effects Taken Abroad (Form 4457).
              [72 FR 48448, Aug. 23, 2007, as amended at 73 FR 40986, July 17, 2008]

              § 23.16
              What are the U.S. CITES requirements for urine, feces, and synthetically derived DNA?
              (a) CITES documents. We do not require CITES documents to trade in urine, feces, or synthetically derived DNA.
              (1) You must obtain any collection permit and CITES document required by the foreign country.
              (2) If the foreign country requires you to have a U.S. CITES document for these kinds of samples, you must apply for a CITES document and meet the requirements of this part.
              (b) Urine and feces. Except as provided in paragraph (a) of this section, we consider urine and feces to be wildlife byproducts, rather than parts, products, or derivatives, and exempt them from the requirements of CITES and this part.
              (c) DNA. We differentiate between DNA directly extracted from blood and tissue and DNA synthetically derived as follows:
              (1) A DNA sample directly derived from wildlife or plant tissue is regulated by CITES and this part.
              (2) A DNA sample synthetically derived that does not contain any part of the original template is exempt from the requirements of CITES and this part.

              § 23.17
              What are the requirements for CITES specimens traded internationally by diplomatic, consular, military, and other persons exempt from customs duties or inspections?
              A specimen of a CITES species imported, introduced from the sea, exported, or re-exported by a person receiving duty-free or inspection exemption privileges under customs laws must meet the requirements of CITES and the regulations in this part.

              § 23.18
              What CITES documents are required to export Appendix-I wildlife?
              Answer the questions in the following decision tree to find the section in this part that applies to the type of CITES document you need to export Appendix-I wildlife. See § 23.20(d) for CITES exemption documents or § 23.92 for specimens that are exempt from the requirements of CITES and do not need CITES documents.

                ER27MY14.000

              [72 FR 48448, Aug. 23, 2007, as amended at 79 FR 30420, May 27, 2014]

              § 23.19
              What CITES documents are required to export Appendix-I plants?
              Answer the questions in the following decision tree to find the section in this part that applies to the type of CITES document you need to export Appendix-I plants. See § 23.20(d) for CITES exemption documents or § 23.92 for specimens that are exempt from the requirements of CITES and do not need CITES documents.

                ER27MY14.001

              [72 FR 48448, Aug. 23, 2007, as amended at 79 FR 30420, May 27, 2014]

              § 23.20
              What CITES documents are required for international trade?
              (a) Purpose. Articles III, IV, and V of the Treaty give the types of standard CITES documents that must accompany an Appendix-I, -II, or -III specimen in international trade. Articles VII and XIV recognize some exemptions and provide that a CITES document must accompany most exempt specimens.

              (b) Stricter national measures. Before importing, introducing from the sea, exporting, or re-exporting a specimen, check with the Management Authorities of all countries concerned to obtain any documentation required under stricter national measures.
              (c) CITES documents. Except as provided in the regulations in this part, you must have a valid CITES document to engage in international trade in any CITES specimen.
              (d) CITES exemption documents. The following table lists the CITES exemption document that you must obtain before conducting a proposed activity with an exempt specimen (other than specimens exempted under § 23.92). If one of the exemptions does not apply to the specimen, you must obtain a CITES document as provided in paragraph (e) of this section. The first column in the following table alphabetically lists the type of specimen or activity that may qualify for a CITES exemption document. The last column indicates the section of this part that contains information on the application procedures, provisions, criteria, and conditions specific to each CITES exemption document, as follows:

                  Type of specimen or activity
                  Appendix
                  CITES exemption document
                  Section

                  (1) Artificially propagated plant (see paragraph (d)(4) of this section for an Appendix-I plant propagated for commercial purposes)
                  I, II, or III
                  CITES document with source code “A”1

                  23.40

                  (2) Artificially propagated plant from a country that has provided copies of the certificates, stamps, and seals to the Secretariat
                  II or III
                  Phytosanitary certificate with CITES statement 1

                  23.23(f)

                  (3) Bred-in-captivity wildlife (see paragraph (d)(5) of this section for Appendix-I wildlife bred in captivity for commercial purposes)
                  I, II, or III
                  CITES document with source code “C”1

                  23.41

                  (4) Commercially propagated Appendix-I plant
                  I
                  CITES document with source code “D”1

                  23.47

                  (5) Commercially bred Appendix-I wildlife from a breeding operation registered with the CITES Secretariat
                  I
                  CITES document with source code “D”1

                  23.46

                  (6) Export of certain marine specimens protected under a pre-existing treaty, convention, or international agreement for that species
                  II
                  CITES document indicating that the specimen was taken in accordance with provisions of the applicable treaty, convention, or international agreement
                  23.36(e)23.39(e)

                  (7) Hybrid plants
                  I, II, or III
                  CITES document unless the specimen qualifies as an exempt plant hybrid
                  23.42

                  (8) Hybrid wildlife
                  I, II, or III
                  CITES document unless the specimen qualifies as an exempt wildlife hybrid
                  23.43

                  (9) In-transit shipment (see paragraph (d)(14) of this section for sample collections covered by an ATA carnet)
                  I, II, or III
                  CITES document designating importer and country of final destination
                  23.22

                  (10) Introduction from the sea under a pre-existing treaty, convention, or international agreement for that species
                  II
                  Document required by applicable treaty, convention, or international agreement, if appropriate
                  23.39(d)

                  (11) Noncommercial loan, donation, or exchange of specimens between scientific institutions registered with the CITES Secretariat
                  I, II, or III
                  A label indicating CITES and the registration codes of both institutions and, in the United States, a CITES certificate of scientific exchange that registers the institution 3

                  23.48

                  (12) Personally owned live wildlife for multiple cross-border movements
                  I, II, or III
                  CITES certificate of ownership2

                  23.44

                  (13) Pre-Convention specimen
                  I, II, or III
                  CITES document indicating pre-Convention status 1

                  23.45

                  (14) Sample collection covered by an ATA carnet
                  I 4, II, or III
                  CITES document indicating sample collection 2

                  23.50

                  (15) Traveling exhibition
                  I, II, or III
                  CITES document indicating specimens qualify as pre-Convention, bred in captivity, or artificially propagated 2

                  23.49

                  1 Issued by the Management Authority in the exporting or re-exporting country.

                  2 Issued by the Management Authority in the owner's country of usual residence.

                  3 Registration codes assigned by the Management Authorities in both exporting and importing countries.

                  4 Appendix-I species bred in captivity or artificially propagated for commercial purposes (see §§ 23.46 and 23.47).

              (e) Import permits, export permits, re-export certificates, and certificates of origin. Unless one of the exemptions under paragraph (d) of this section or § 23.92 applies, you must obtain the following CITES documents before conducting the proposed activity:

                  Appendix
                  Type of CITES document(s) required

                  I
                  Import permit (§ 23.35) and either an export permit (§ 23.36) or re-export certificate (§ 23.37)

                  II
                  Export permit (§ 23.36) or re-export certificate (§ 23.37)

                  III
                  Export permit (§ 23.36) if the specimen originated in a country that listed the species; certificate of origin (§ 23.38) if the specimen originated in a country other than the listing country, unless the listing annotation indicates otherwise; or re-export certificate for all re-exports (§ 23.37)

              (f) Introduction-from-the-sea certificates. For introduction from the sea of Appendix-I or Appendix-II specimens, you must obtain an introduction-from-the-sea certificate before conducting the proposed activity, unless the exemption in paragraph (d)(10) of this section applies (see § 23.39). The export of a specimen that was previously introduced from the sea will be treated as an export (see § 23.36 for export, § 23.36(e) and § 23.39(e) for export of exempt specimens, or § 23.37 for re-export). Although an Appendix-III specimen does not require a CITES document to be introduced from the sea, the subsequent international trade of the specimen would be considered an export. For export of an Appendix-III specimen that was introduced from the sea you must obtain an export permit (§ 23.36) if the export is from the country that listed the species in Appendix III, a certificate of origin (§ 23.38) if the export is from a country other than the listing country, or a re-export certificate for all re-exports (§ 23.37).

              § 23.21
              What happens if a country enters a reservation for a species?
              (a) Purpose. CITES is not subject to general reservations. Articles XV, XVI, and XXIII of the Treaty allow a Party to enter a specific reservation on a species listed in Appendix I, II, or III, or on parts, products, or derivatives of a species listed in Appendix III.
              (b) General provision. A Party can enter a reservation in one of the following ways:
              (1) A Party must provide written notification to the Depositary Government (Switzerland) on a specific new or amended listing in the Appendices within 90 days after the CoP that adopted the listing, or at any time for Appendix-III species.
              (2) A country must provide written notification on a specific species listing when the country ratifies, accepts, approves, or accedes to CITES.
              (c) Requesting the United States take a reservation. You may submit information relevant to the issue of whether the United States should take a reservation on a species listing to the U.S. Management Authority. The request must be submitted within 30 calendar days after the last day of the CoP where a new or amended listing of a species in Appendix I or II occurs, or at any time for a species (or its parts, products, or derivatives) listed in Appendix III.
              (d) Required CITES documents. Except as provided in paragraph (d)(2) of this section, Parties treat a reserving Party as if it were a non-Party for trade in the species concerned (including parts, products, and derivatives, as appropriate). The following table indicates when CITES documents must accompany a shipment and which Appendix should appear on the face of the document:

                  If
                  Then

                  (1) The shipment is between a Party and a reserving Party, or the shipment is from a non-Party to a reserving Party and is in transit through a Party
                  The shipment must be accompanied by a valid CITES document(s) (see § 23.26) that indicates the CITES Appendix in which the species is listed.

                  (2) The shipment is from a reserving Party to another reserving Party 1 or non-Party and is in transit through a Party
                  The shipment must be accompanied by a valid CITES document(s) (see § 23.26) that indicates the CITES Appendix in which the species is listed. 2

                  (3) The shipment is between a reserving Party and another reserving Party 1 or non-Party and is not in transit through a Party
                  No CITES document is required. 2

                  1 Both reserving Parties must have a reservation for the same species, and if the species is listed in Appendix III, a reservation for the same parts, products, and derivatives.

                  2 CITES recommends that reserving Parties treat Appendix-I species as if listed in Appendix II and issue CITES documents based on Appendix-II permit criteria (see § 23.36). However, the CITES document must show the specimen as listed in Appendix I. If the United States entered a reservation, such a CITES document would be required.

              (e) Reservations taken by countries. You may consult the CITES website or contact us (see § 23.7) for a list of countries that have taken reservations and the species involved.

              § 23.22
              What are the requirements for in-transit shipments?
              (a) Purpose. Article VII(1) of the Treaty allows for a shipment to transit an intermediary country that is a Party before reaching its final destination without the need for the intermediary Party to issue CITES documents. To control any illegal trade, Parties are to inspect, to the extent possible under their national legislation, specimens in transit through their territory to verify the presence of valid documentation. See § 23.50 for in-transit shipment of sample collections covered by an ATA carnet.
              (b) Document requirements. An in-transit shipment does not require a CITES document from an intermediary country, but must be accompanied by all of the following documents:
              (1) Unless the specimen qualifies for an exemption under § 23.92, a valid original CITES document, or a copy of the valid original CITES document, that designates the name of the importer in the country of final destination and is issued by the Management Authority of the exporting or re-exporting country. A copy of a CITES document is subject to verification.
              (2) For shipment of an Appendix-I specimen, a copy of a valid import permit that designates the name of the importer in the country of final destination, unless the CITES document in paragraph (b)(1) of this section is a CITES exemption document (see § 23.20(d)).
              (3) Transportation and routing documents that show the shipment has been consigned to the same importer and country of final destination as designated on the CITES document.
              (c) Shipment requirements. An in-transit shipment, including items in an on-board store, must meet the following:
              (1) When in an intermediary country, an in-transit shipment must stay only for the time needed to immediately transfer the specimen to the mode of transport used to continue to the final destination and remain under customs control. Other than during immediate transfer, the specimen may not be stored in a duty-free, bonded, or other kind of warehouse or a free trade zone.

              (2) At any time during transit, an in-transit shipment must not be sold, manipulated, or split unless authorized by the Management Authority of the intermediary country for inspection or enforcement purposes.
              (d) Reserving Party or non-Party. All the requirements of this section apply to shipments to or from a reserving Party or non-Party that are being transshipped through a Party. The CITES document must treat the specimen as listed in the Appendix as provided in § 23.21(d).
              (e) Specimen protected by other regulations. Shipment of a specimen that is also listed as a migratory bird (part 10 of this subchapter), injurious wildlife (part 16 of this subchapter), endangered or threatened species (parts 17 of this subchapter and 222-224 of this title), marine mammal (parts 18 of this subchapter and 216 of this title), or bald or golden eagle (part 22 of this subchapter), and is moving through the United States is considered an import, and cannot be treated as an in-transit shipment (see § 23.3).

              § 23.23
              What information is required on U.S. and foreign CITES documents?
              (a) Purpose. Article VI of the Treaty provides standard information that must be on a permit and certificate issued under Articles III, IV, and V. To identify a false or invalid document, any CITES document, including a CITES exemption document issued under Article VII, must contain standardized information to allow a Party to verify that the specimen being shipped is the one listed on the document and that the trade is consistent with the provisions of the Treaty.
              (b) CITES form. A CITES document issued by a Party must be issued in one or more of the three working languages of CITES (English, Spanish, or French). A CITES document from a non-Party may be in the form of a permit or certificate, letter, or any other form that clearly indicates the nature of the document and includes the information in paragraphs (c) through (e) of this section and the additional information in § 23.25.
              (c) Required information. Except for a phytosanitary certificate used as a CITES certificate for artificially propagated plants in paragraph (f) of this section, or a customs declaration label used to identify specimens being moved between registered scientific institutions (§ 23.48(e)(5)), a CITES document issued by a Party or non-Party must contain the information set out in this paragraph (listed alphabetically). Specific types of CITES documents must also contain the additional information identified in paragraph (e) of this section. A CITES document is valid only when it contains the following information:

                  Required information
                  Description

                  (1) Appendix
                  The CITES Appendix in which the species, subspecies, or population is listed (see § 23.21 when a Party has taken a reservation on a listing). For products that contain or consist of more than one CITES species, the Appendix in which each species is listed must be indicated on the CITES document.

                  (2) Applicant's signature
                  The applicant's signature if the CITES document includes a place for it.

                  (3) Bill of lading, air waybill, or flight number
                  As applicable for export or re-export: (i) by ocean or air cargo, the bill of lading or air waybill number or (ii) in accompanying baggage, the flight number, as recorded on the CITES document by the inspecting official at the port, if known at the time of validation or certification.

                  (4) Dates
                  Date of issue and date of expiration (“valid until” date on the standardized CITES form), which is midnight of the date on the CITES document. See § 23.54 for the length of validity for different types of CITES documents.

                  (5) Description of the specimen

                  A complete description of the specimen, including whether live or the type of goods. The sex and age of a live specimen should be recorded, if possible. Such information must be in English, Spanish, or French on a CITES document from a Party. If a code is used to indicate the type of specimen, it must agree with the Guidelines for preparation and submission of CITES annual reports available from the CITES website or us (see § 23.7).

                  (6) Document number
                  A unique control number. We use a unique 12-character number. The first two characters are the last two digits of the year of issuance, the next two are the two-letter ISO country code, followed by a six-digit serial number, and two digits or letters used for national informational purposes.

                  (7) Humane transport of live specimens

                  If the CITES document authorizes the export or re-export of live specimens, a statement that the document is valid only if the transport conditions comply with the International Air Transport Association Live Animals Regulations or the International Air Transport Association Perishable Cargo Regulations (incorporated by reference, see § 23.9). A shipment containing live animals must comply with the requirements of the Live Animals Regulations (LAR). A shipment containing live plants must comply with the requirements for plants in the Perishable Cargo Regulations (PCR).

                  (8) Identification of the specimen
                  Any unique identification number or mark (such as a tag, band, ring, microchip, label, or serial number), including any mark required under these regulations or a CITES listing annotation. For a microchip, the microchip code, trademark of the transponder manufacturer and, where possible, the location of the microchip in the specimen. If a microchip is used, we may, if necessary, ask the importer, exporter, or re-exporter to have equipment on hand to read the microchip at the time of import, export, or re-export.

                  (9) Management Authority
                  The complete name and address of the issuing Management Authority as included in the CITES directory, which is available from the CITES website or us (see § 23.7).

                  (10) Name and address
                  The complete name and address, including country, of the exporter and importer.

                  (11) Purpose of transaction
                  The purpose of the transaction identified either through a written description of the purpose of the transaction or by using one of the codes given in paragraph (d) of this section. The code is determined by the issuing Management Authority through information submitted with an application. This is not required for a certificate of origin.

                  (12) Quantity

                  The quantity of specimens authorized in the shipment and, if appropriate, the unit of measurement using the metric system. For products that contain or consist of more than one CITES species, the quantity of each species must be indicated on the CITES document.(i) The unit of measurement should be appropriate to the type of specimen and agree with the Guidelines for the preparation and submission of CITES annual reports available from the CITES website or us (see § 23.7). General descriptions such as “one case” or “one batch” are not acceptable.
                    (ii) Weight should be in kilograms. If weight is used, net weight (weight of the specimen alone) must be stated, not gross weight that includes the weight of the container or packaging.
                    (iii) Volume should be in cubic meters for logs and sawn wood and either square meters or cubic meters for veneer and plywood.
                    (iv) For re-export, if the type of good has not changed since being imported, the same unit of measurement as on the export permit must be used, except to change to units that are to be used in the CITES annual report.

                  (13) Scientific name
                  The scientific name of the species, including the subspecies when needed to determine the level of protection of the specimen under CITES. For products that contain or consist of more than one CITES species, the scientific name of each species must be indicated on the CITES document. Scientific names must be in the standard nomenclature as it appears in the CITES Appendices or the references adopted by the CoP. A list of current references is available from the CITES website or us (see § 23.7). A CITES document may contain higher-taxon names in(i) The CoP has agreed that the use of a higher-taxon name is acceptable for use on CITES documents.
                    (A) If the genus cannot be readily determined for coral rock, the scientific name to be used is the order Scleractinia.
                    (B) If the species cannot be determined for worked specimens of black coral, specimens may be identified at the genus level. If the genus cannot be determined for worked specimens of black coral, the scientific name to be used is the order Antipatharia. Raw black coral and live black coral must be identified to the level of species.
                    (C) Live and dead coral must be identified to the level of species except where the CoP has agreed that identification to genus is acceptable. A current list of coral taxa identifiable to genus is available from the CITES website or us (see § 23.7).
                    (D) Re-export of worked skins or pieces of Tupinambis species that were imported before August 1, 2000, may indicate Tupinambis spp.
                    (ii) The issuing Party can show the use of a higher-taxon name is well justified and has communicated the justification to the Secretariat.
                    (iii) The item is a pre-Convention manufactured product containing a specimen that cannot be identified to the species level.

                  (14) Seal or stamp
                  The embossed seal or ink stamp of the issuing Management Authority.

                  (15) Security stamp
                  If a Party uses a security stamp, the stamp must be canceled by an authorized signature and a stamp or seal, preferably embossed. The number of the stamp must also be recorded on the CITES document.

                  (16) Signature
                  An original handwritten signature or signature stamp of a person authorized to sign CITES documents for the issuing Management Authority. The signature must be on file with the Secretariat.

                  (17) Signature name
                  The name of the person who signed the CITES document.

                  (18) Source
                  The source of the specimen. For products that contain or consist of more than one CITES species, the source code of each species must be indicated on the CITES document. For re-export, unless there is information to indicate otherwise, the source code on the CITES document used for import of the specimen must be used. See § 23.24 for a list of codes.

                  (19) Treaty name
                  Either the full name or acronym of the Treaty, or the CITES logo.

                  (20) Type of CITES document
                  The type of CITES document (import, export, re-export, or other):(i) If marked “other,” the CITES document must indicate the type of document, such as certificate for artificially propagated plants, certificate for wildlife bred in captivity, certificate of origin, certificate of ownership, introduction-from-the-sea certificate, pre-Convention certificate, sample collection covered by an ATA carnet, scientific exchange certificate, or traveling-exhibition certificate.
                    (ii) If multiple types are authorized on one CITES document, the type that applies to each specimen must be clearly indicated.

                  (21) Validation or certification
                  Except as provided for replacement (§ 23.52(f)) or retrospective (§ 23.53(f)) CITES documents, the actual quantity of specimens exported or re-exported:(i) Using the same units of measurement as those on the CITES document.
                    (ii) Validated or certified by the stamp or seal and signature of the inspecting authority at the time of export or re-export.

                (d) Purpose of transaction. If the purpose is not identified by a written description, the CITES document must contain one of the following codes:

                  Code
                  Purpose of transaction

                  B
                  Breeding in captivity or artificial propagation

                  E
                  Education

                  G
                  Botanical garden

                  H
                  Hunting trophy

                  L
                  Law enforcement/judicial/forensic

                  M
                  Medical research (including biomedical research)

                  N
                  Reintroduction or introduction into the wild

                  P
                  Personal

                  Q
                  Circus and traveling exhibition

                  S
                  Scientific

                  T
                  Commercial

                  Z
                  Zoo

              (e) Additional required information. The following describes the additional information that is required for specific types of documents (listed alphabetically):

                  Type of document
                  Additional required information

                  (1) Annex (such as an attached inventory, conditions, or continuation pages of a CITES document)
                  The page number, document number, and date of issue on each page of an annex that is attached as an integral part of a CITES document. An authorized signature and ink stamp or seal, preferably embossed, of the Management Authority issuing the CITES document must also be included on each page of the annex. The CITES document must indicate an attached annex and the total number of pages.

                  (2) Certificate of origin (see § 23.38)
                  A statement that the specimen originated in the country that issued the certificate.

                  (3) Copy when used in place of the original CITES document
                  (i) Information required in paragraph (e)(7) of this section when the document authorizes export or re-export.(ii) A statement by the Management Authority on the face of the document authorizing the use of a copy when the document authorizes import.

                  (4) Export permit for a registered commercial breeding operation or nursery for Appendix-I specimens (see § 23.46)
                  The registration number of the operation or nursery assigned by the Secretariat, and if the exporter is not the registered operation or nursery, the name of the registered operation or nursery.

                  (5) Export permit with a quota
                  Number of specimens, such as 500/1,000, that were:(i) Exported thus far in the current year, including those covered by the current permit (such as 500), and
                    (ii) Included in the current annual quota (such as 1,000).

                  (6) Import permit (Appendix-I specimen) (see § 23.35)
                  A certification that the specimen will not be used for primarily commercial purposes and, for a live specimen, that the recipient has suitable facilities and expertise to house and care for it.

                  (7) Replacement CITES document (see § 23.52)
                  When a CITES document replaces an already issued CITES document that was lost, damaged, stolen, or accidentally destroyed:(i) If a newly issued CITES document, indication it is a “replacement,” the number and date of issuance of the CITES document that was replaced, and reason for replacement.
                    (ii) If a copy of the original CITES document, indication it is a “replacement” and a “true copy of the original,” a new original signature of a person authorized to sign CITES documents for the issuing Management Authority, the date signed, and reason for replacement.

                  (8) Partially completed documents (see § 23.51)
                  (i) A list of the blocks that must be completed by the permit holder.(ii) If the list includes scientific names, an inventory of approved species must be included on the face of the CITES document or in an attached annex.
                    (iii) A signature of the permit holder, which acts as a certification that the information entered is true and accurate.

                  (9) Pre-Convention document (see § 23.45)
                  (i) An indication on the face of the CITES document that the specimen is pre-Convention.(ii) A date that shows the specimen was acquired before the date the Convention first applied to it.

                  (10) Re-export certificate (see § 23.37)
                  (i) The country of origin, the export permit number, and the date of issue.(ii) If previously re-exported, the country of last re-export, the re-export certificate number, and the date of issue.
                    (iii) If all or part of this information is not known, a justification must be given.
                    (iv) For products that contain or consist of more than one CITES species, the information in paragraphs (e)(10)(i) through (iii) of this section for each species must be indicated on the CITES document.

                  (11) Retrospective CITES document (see § 23.53)
                  A clear statement that the CITES document is issued retrospectively and the reason for issuance.

                  (12) Sample collection covered by an ATA carnet (see § 23.50)
                  (i) A statement that the document covers a sample collection and is invalid unless accompanied by a valid ATA carnet.(ii) The number of the accompanying ATA carnet recorded by the Management Authority, customs, or other responsible CITES inspecting official.

              (f) Phytosanitary certificate. A Party may use a phytosanitary certificate as a CITES document under the following conditions:
              (1) The Party has provided copies of the certificate, stamps, and seals to the Secretariat.
              (2) The certificate is used only when all the following conditions are met:
              (i) The plants are being exported, not re-exported.
              (ii) The plants are Appendix-II species, or are hybrids of one or more Appendix-I species or taxa that are not annotated to treat hybrids as Appendix-I specimens.
              (iii) The plants were artificially propagated in the exporting country.
              (3) The certificate contains the following information:
              (i) The scientific name of the species, including the subspecies when needed to determine the level of protection of the specimen under CITES, using standard nomenclature as it appears in the CITES Appendices or the references adopted by the CoP.
              (ii) The type (such as live plant or bulb) and quantity of the specimens authorized in the shipment.
              (iii) A stamp, seal, or other specific indication stating that the specimen is artificially propagated (see § 23.64).
              [72 FR 48448, Aug. 23, 2007, as amended at 79 FR 30420, May 27, 2014; 79 FR 32677, June 6, 2014]

              § 23.24
              What code is used to show the source of the specimen?

              The Management Authority must indicate on the CITES document the source of the specimen using one of the following codes, except the code “O” for pre-Convention, which may be used in conjunction with another code:

                  Source of specimen
                  Code

                  (a) Artificially propagated plant (see § 23.40):
                    (1) An Appendix-II or -III artificially propagated specimen.
                    (2) An Appendix-I plant specimen artificially propagated for noncommercial purposes or certain Appendix-I hybrids (see § 23.42) propagated for commercial purposes.

                  A

                  (b) Bred-in-captivity wildlife (see § 23.41):
                    (1) An Appendix-II or -III specimen bred in captivity. (See paragraph (d)(1) of this section for wildlife that does not qualify as bred in captivity.)
                    (2) An Appendix-I specimen bred for noncommercial purposes. (See paragraph (c)(1) of this section for an Appendix-I specimen bred for commercial purposes.)

                  C

                  (c) Bred in captivity or artificially propagated for commercial purposes (see §§ 23.46 and 23.47):
                    (1) An Appendix-I wildlife specimen bred in captivity for commercial purposes at an operation registered with the Secretariat.
                    (2) An Appendix-I plant specimen artificially propagated for commercial purposes at a nursery that is registered with the Secretariat or a commercial propagating operation that meets the requirements of § 23.47.

                  D

                  (d) Captive-bred wildlife (§ 23.36):(1) An Appendix-II or -III wildlife species that is captive-bred.
                    (2) An Appendix-I wildlife species that is one of the following:
                    (i) Captive-bred (see § 23.5).
                    (ii) Bred for commercial purposes, but the commercial breeding operation is not registered with the Secretariat.

                  F

                  (e) Confiscated or seized specimen (see § 23.78).

                  I

                  (f) Pre-Convention specimen (see § 23.45) (code may be used in conjunction with another code).
                  O

                  (g) Ranched wildlife (see § 23.5).
                  R

                  (h) Source unknown (must be justified on the face of the CITES document).
                  U

                  (i) Specimen taken from the wild:
                    (1) For wildlife, this includes a specimen born in captivity from an egg collected from the wild or from wildlife that mated or exchanged genetic material in the wild.
                    (2) For a plant, it includes a specimen propagated from a propagule collected from a wild plant, except as provided in § 23.64.

                  W

              [72 FR 48448, Aug. 23, 2007, as amended at 79 FR 30423, May 27, 2014]

              § 23.25
              What additional information is required on a non-Party CITES document?
              (a) Purpose. Under Article X of the Treaty, a Party may accept a CITES document issued by a competent authority of a non-Party only if the document substantially conforms to the requirements of the Treaty.
              (b) Additional certifications. In addition to the information in § 23.23(c) through (e), a CITES document issued by a non-Party must contain the following certifications on the face of the document:

                  Activity by a non-Party
                  Certification

                  (1) Export
                  (i) For Appendix-I and -II specimens, the Scientific Authority has advised that the export will not be detrimental to the survival of the species.(ii) The Management Authority is satisfied that the specimen was legally acquired.

                  (2) Import
                  For Appendix-I specimens, the import will be for purposes that are not detrimental to the survival of the species.

              § 23.26
              When is a U.S. or foreign CITES document valid?
              (a) Purpose. Article VIII of the Treaty provides that Parties take appropriate measures to enforce the Convention to prevent illegal trafficking in wildlife and plants.
              (b) Original CITES documents. A separate original or a true copy of a CITES document must be issued before the import, introduction from the sea, export, or re-export occurs, and the document must accompany each shipment. No copy may be used in place of an original except as provided in § 23.23(e)(3) or when a shipment is in transit (see § 23.22). Fax or electronic copies are not acceptable.
              (c) Acceptance of CITES documents. We will accept a CITES document as valid for import, introduction from the sea, export, or re-export only if the document meets the requirements of this section, §§ 23.23 through 23.25, and the following conditions:

                  Key phrase
                  Conditions for an acceptable CITES document

                  (1) Altered or modified CITES document
                  The CITES document has not been altered (including by rubbing or scratching out), added to, or modified in any way unless the change is validated on the document by the stamp and authorized signature of the issuing Management Authority, or if the document was issued as a partially completed document, the Management Authority lists on the face of the document which blocks must be completed by the permit holder.

                  (2) Annual reports
                  The Party issuing the CITES document has submitted annual reports and is not subject to any action under Article VIII paragraph 7(a) that would not allow trade in CITES species.

                  (3) CITES document
                  U.S. and foreign CITES documents must meet the general provisions and criteria in subparts C and E.

                  (4) Conditions
                  All conditions on the CITES document are met.

                  (5) Convention implementation
                  The Party issuing the CITES document is not subject to any action under Article VIII or Article XIII paragraph 3 that would not allow trade in the species.

                  (6) Extension of validity
                  The validity of a CITES document may not be extended except as provided in § 23.73 for certain timber species.

                  (7) Fraudulent CITES document or CITES document containing false information
                  The CITES document is authentic and does not contain erroneous or misleading information.

                  (8) Humane transport

                  Live wildlife or plants were transported in compliance with the International Air Transport Association Live Animals Regulations (for animals) or the International Air Transport Association Perishable Cargo Regulations (for plants) (incorporated by reference, see § 23.9).

                  (9) Legal acquisition
                  The Party or non-Party issuing the CITES document has made the required legal acquisition finding.

                  (10) Management Authority and Scientific Authority
                  The CITES document was issued by a Party or non-Party that has designated a Management Authority and Scientific Authority and has provided information on these authorities to the Secretariat.

                  (11) Name of importer and exporter
                  A CITES document is specific to the name on the face of the document and may not be transferred or assigned to another person.

                  (12) Non-detriment
                  The Party or non-Party issuing the CITES document has made the required non-detriment finding.

                  (13) Phytosanitary certificate
                  A phytosanitary certificate may be used to export artificially propagated plants only if the issuing Party has provided copies of the certificates, stamps, and seals to the Secretariat.

                  (14) Quota
                  For species with a quota on file with the Secretariat, the quantity exported from a country does not exceed the quota.

                  (15) Registered commercial breeding operation for Appendix-I wildlife
                  (i) The operation is included in the Secretariat's register.(ii) Each specimen is specifically marked, and the mark is described on the CITES document.

                  (16) Registered commercial nursery for Appendix-I plants
                  The operation is included in the Secretariat's register.

                  (17) Retrospective CITES documents
                  A CITES document was not issued retrospectively except as provided in § 23.53.

                  (18) Shipment contents
                  The contents of the shipment match the description of specimens provided on the CITES document, including the units and species. A shipment cannot contain more or different specimens or species than certified or validated on the CITES document at the time of export or re-export; the quantity of specimens validated or certified may be less, but not more, than the quantity stated at the time of issuance.

                  (19) Wild-collected specimen
                  A wild-collected specimen (indicated on the CITES document with a source code of “W”) is not coming from a country that is outside the range of the species, unless we have information indicating that the species has been established in the wild in that country through accidental introduction or other means.

              (d) Verification of a CITES document. We may request verification of a CITES document from the Secretariat or a foreign Management Authority before deciding whether to accept it under some circumstances, including, but not limited to, the following:
              (1) We receive reliable information that indicates the need for CITES document verification.
              (2) We have reasonable grounds to believe that a CITES document is not valid or authentic because the species is being traded in a manner detrimental to the survival of the species or in violation of foreign wildlife or plant laws, or any applicable Management or Scientific Authority finding has not been made.
              (3) The re-export certificate refers to an export permit that does not exist or is not valid.
              (4) The CITES document includes a species for which the Secretariat has published an annotated quota.
              (5) We have reasonable grounds to believe that the document is fraudulent, contains false information, or has unauthorized changes.
              (6) We have reasonable grounds to believe that the specimen identified as bred in captivity or artificially propagated is a wild specimen, was produced from illegally acquired parental stock, or otherwise does not qualify for these exemptions.
              (7) We know or have reasonable grounds to believe that an Appendix-I specimen was not bred at a facility registered with the CITES Secretariat and that the purpose of the import is commercial.
              (8) The import of a specimen designated as bred in captivity or artificially propagated is from a non-Party. For an Appendix-I specimen, we must consult with the Secretariat.
              (9) For a retrospectively issued CITES document, both the importing and exporting or re-exporting countries' Management Authorities have not agreed to the issuance of the document.
              (10) For a replacement CITES document, we need clarification of the reason the document was issued.
              (11) The export permit or re-export certificate does not contain validation or certification by an inspecting official at the time of export of the actual quantity exported or re-exported.
              [72 FR 48448, Aug. 23, 2007, as amended at 79 FR 30423, May 27, 2014]

              § 23.27
              What CITES documents do I present at the port?
              (a) Purpose. Article VIII of the Treaty provides that Parties establish an inspection process that takes place at a port of exit and entry. Inspecting officials must verify that valid CITES documents accompany shipments and take enforcement action when shipments do not comply with the Convention. Article VI, paragraph 6, of the Treaty requires that the Management Authority of the importing country cancel and retain the export permit or re-export certificate and any corresponding import permit presented. In the United States, for imports of CITES-listed plant specimens, CITES inspecting officials cancel and submit original CITES documents to the U.S. Management Authority.
              (b) U.S. port requirements. In the United States, you must follow the clearance requirements for wildlife in part 14 of this subchapter and for plants in part 24 of this subchapter and 7 CFR parts 319, 352, and 355, and the specific requirement in paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section.
              (c) General validation or certification process. Officials in each exporting or re-exporting country inspect the shipment and validate or certify the CITES document. The table in this paragraph (c) provides information on:

              (1) The types of original CITES documents you must present to be validated or certified by the inspecting official to export or re-export from a country.

              (2) When you need to surrender a copy of the original CITES document to the inspecting official at the time of export or re-export.
              (3) When you need to surrender the original CITES document to the inspecting official at the time of import or introduction from the sea.

                  Type of CITES document
                  Present original for export or re-export validation or certification
                  Surrender copy uponexport or re-export

                  Surrender original uponimport or introductionfrom the sea

                  Bred-in-captivity certificate
                  Required
                  Required
                  Required

                  Certificate for artificially propagated plants
                  Required
                  Required
                  Required

                  Certificate of origin
                  Required
                  Required
                  Required

                  Certificate of ownership
                  Required
                  Required
                  Not required; submit copy

                  Export permit
                  Required
                  Required
                  Required

                  Import permit
                  Not required
                  Required
                  Required

                  Introduction-from-the-sea certificate
                  Not applicable
                  Not applicable
                  Required

                  Multiple-use document
                  Required 1

                  Required
                  Not required; submit copy

                  Phytosanitary certificate
                  Required
                  Required
                  Not required; submit copy

                  Pre-Convention document
                  Required
                  Required
                  Required

                  Re-export certificate
                  Required
                  Required
                  Required

                  Registered Appendix-I commercial breeding operation, export permit
                  Required
                  Required
                  Required

                  Registered Appendix-I nursery, export permit
                  Required
                  Required
                  Required

                  Replacement document where a shipment has been made and is in a foreign country
                  Not required
                  Not required
                  Required

                  Replacement document where a shipment has not left the United States
                  Required
                  Required
                  Required

                  Retrospective document
                  Not required
                  Not required
                  Required

                  Sample collection covered by an ATA carnet, CITES document
                  Required
                  Required
                  Not required; submit copy

                  Traveling-exhibition certificate
                  Required
                  Required
                  Not required; submit copy

                  1 Original must be available for inspection, but permit conditions will indicate whether an original or copy is to be validated.

              (d) Customs declaration labels. The customs declaration label used to identify specimens being moved between registered scientific institutions (§ 23.48) must be affixed to the shipping container. The label does not require export or re-export validation or certification at the port.
              [72 FR 48448, Aug. 23, 2007, as amended at 79 FR 30424, May 27, 2014]

            Subpart C—Application Procedures, Criteria, and Conditions

              § 23.32
              How do I apply for a U.S. CITES document?
              (a) To apply for a U.S. CITES document, you must complete a standard application form and submit it to the appropriate office shown on the top of the form.

              (b) To determine the type of CITES document needed for your shipment, go to §§ 23.18 through 23.20 for further guidance.

              (c) If a species is also regulated under another part of this subchapter (such as endangered or threatened species, see § 23.3), the requirements of all parts must be met. You may submit a single application that contains all the information needed to meet the requirements of CITES and other applicable parts.
              (d) You must also follow the general permit procedures in part 13 of this subchapter.
              (e) You should review the criteria in all applicable regulations in this subchapter that apply to the type of permit you are seeking before completing the application form.
              (f) We will review your application to assess whether it contains the information needed to make the required findings.
              (1) Based on available information, we will decide if any of the exemptions apply and what type of CITES document you need.
              (2) If we need additional information, we will contact you. If you do not provide the information within 45 calendar days, we will abandon your application. If your application is abandoned and you wish to apply for a permit at a later time, you must submit a new application.

              § 23.33
              How is the decision made to issue or deny a request for a U.S. CITES document?
              (a) Upon receiving a complete application, we will decide whether to issue a CITES document by considering:
              (1) The general criteria in § 13.21(b) of this subchapter and, if the species is protected under a separate law or treaty, criteria in any other applicable parts.
              (2) The CITES issuance criteria provided in this subpart (see subpart D of this part for factors we consider in making certain findings).
              (b) As needed, the U.S. Management Authority, including FWS Law Enforcement, will forward a copy of the application to the U.S. Scientific Authority; State, tribal, or other Federal government agencies; or other applicable experts. We may also query the Secretariat and foreign Management and Scientific Authorities for information to use in making the required findings.
              (c) You must provide sufficient information to satisfy us that all criteria specific to the proposed activity are met before we can issue a CITES document.
              (d) We will base our decision on whether to issue or deny the application on the best available information.

              § 23.34
              What kinds of records may I use to show the origin of a specimen when I apply for a U.S. CITES document?
              (a) When you apply for a U.S. CITES document, you will be asked to provide information on the origin of the specimen that will be covered by the CITES document.
              (1) You need to provide sufficient information for us to determine if the issuance criteria in this part are met (see the sections in this subpart for each type of CITES document).
              (2) We require less detailed information when the import, introduction from the sea, export, or re-export poses a low risk to a species in the wild and more detailed information when the proposed activity poses greater risk to a species in the wild (see Subpart D of this part for factors we consider in making certain findings).

              (b) Information you may want to provide in a permit application includes, but is not limited to, the following:

                  Source of specimen
                  Types of records

                  (1) Captive-bred or cultivated 1

                  (i) Records that identify the breeder or propagator of the specimens that have been identified by birth, hatch, or propagation date and for wildlife by sex, size, band number, or other mark, or for plants by size or other identifying feature:(A) Signed and dated statement by the breeder or propagator that the specimen was bred or propagated under controlled conditions.
                    (B) Name and address of the breeder or propagator as shown by documents such as an International Species Information System (ISIS) record, veterinary certificate, or plant nursery license.
                    (ii) Records that document the breeding or propagating of specimens at the facility:
                    (A) Number of wildlife (by sex and age- or size-class) or plants at the facility.
                    (B) How long the facility has been breeding or propagating the species.
                    (C) Annual production and mortalities.
                    (D) Number of specimens sold or transferred annually.
                    (E) Number of specimens added from other sources annually.
                    (F) Transaction records with the date, species, quantity of specimens, and name and address of seller.
                    (G) Marking system, if applicable.
                    (H) Photographs or video of facility, including for wildlife any activities during nesting and production and rearing of young, and for plants, different stages of growth.

                  (2) Confiscated or seized
                  Copy of remission decision, legal settlement, or disposal action after forfeiture or abandonment, which demonstrates the applicant's legal possession.

                  (3) Grown from exempt plant material
                  Records that document how you obtained the exempt plant material, including the name and address of the person from whom you received the plant material.

                  (4) Imported previously
                  (i) A copy of the cancelled CITES document that accompanied the shipment into the United States.(ii) For wildlife, copies of cleared Declarations for Importation or Exportation of Fish or Wildlife (Form 3-177) associated with each specimen.

                  (5) Pre-Convention

                  Records that show the specimen was acquired before the date the provisions of the Convention first applied to it, such as:(i) Receipt or invoice.
                    (ii) Catalog, inventory list, photograph, or art book.
                    (iii) Statement from a qualified appraiser attesting to the age of a manufactured product.
                    (iv) CBP (formerly U.S. Customs Service) import documents.
                    (v) Phytosanitary certificate.
                    (vi) Veterinary document or breeding or propagation logs.

                  (6) Ranched wildlife

                  (i) Records, such as permits, licenses, and tags, that demonstrate that the specimen was legally removed from the wild under relevant Federal, tribal, State, or local wildlife conservation laws or regulations:(A) If taken on private or tribal land, permission of the landowner if required under applicable law.
                    (B) If taken in a national, State, or local park, refuge or other protected area, permission from the applicable agency, if required.
                    (ii) Records that document the rearing of specimens at the facility:
                    (A) Number of specimens (by sex and age- or size-class) at the facility.
                    (B) How long the specimens were reared at the facility.
                    (C) Signed and dated statement by the owner or manager of the facility that the specimens were reared at the facility in a controlled environment.
                    (D) Marking system, if applicable.
                    (E) Photographs or video of the facility.

                  (7) Sequential ownership or purchase
                  (i) Records that specifically identify the specimen, give the name and address of the owner, and show the specimen's origin (pre-Convention, previously imported, wild-collected, or born or propagated in a controlled environment in the United States).(ii) Records that document the history of all transfers in ownership (generally not required for pre-Convention specimens).

                  (8) Unknown origin, for noncommercial purposes
                  A complete description of the circumstances under which the specimen was acquired (where, when, and from whom the specimen was acquired), including efforts made to obtain information on the origin of the specimen.

                  (9) Wild-collected

                  Records, such as permits, licenses, and tags, that demonstrate the specimen or the parental stock was legally removed from the wild under relevant foreign, Federal, tribal, State, or local wildlife or plant conservation laws or regulations:(i) If taken on private or tribal land, permission of the landowner if required under applicable law.
                    (ii) If taken in a national, State, or local park, refuge, or other protected area, permission from the applicable agency, if required.

                  1 If the wildlife was born in captivity from an egg collected in the wild or from parents that mated or exchanged genetic material in the wild, see paragraphs (b)(6) and (b)(9) of this section. If the plant was propagated from a non-exempt propagule collected from a wild plant, see paragraph (b)(9) of this section.

              (c) If you intend to engage in international trade with a CITES specimen in the future, you should keep sufficient records to establish your eligibility for a CITES document for as long as you possess the specimen, and if you sell, donate, or transfer ownership of the specimen, you should provide such records on the origin of the specimen to the new owner.
              [72 FR 48448, Aug. 23, 2007, as amended at 79 FR 30424, May 27, 2014]

              § 23.35
              What are the requirements for an import permit?
              (a) Purpose. Article III(3) of the Treaty sets out the conditions under which a Management Authority can issue an import permit.
              (b) U.S. application forms. Complete the appropriate form for the proposed activity and submit it to the U.S. Management Authority:

                  Type of application for an import permit for an Appendix-I specimen
                  Form no.

                  (1) CITES:Southern African Leopard, African Elephant, and Namibian Southern White Rhinoceros Sport-hunted Trophies
                    Appendix-I Plants
                    Appendix-I Wildlife
                    Appendix-I Biological Samples

                   3-200-19

                    3-200-35
                    3-200-37
                    3-200-29

                  (2) Endangered Species Act and CITES:ESA Plants
                    ESA Sport-hunted Trophies
                    ESA Wildlife

                   3-200-36
                    3-200-20
                    3-200-37

                  (3) Marine Mammal Protection Act and CITES:Marine Mammals

                   3-200-43

                  (4) Wild Bird Conservation Act and CITES:Personal Pet Bird
                    Under an Approved Cooperative Breeding Program
                    Scientific Research or Zoological Breeding/Display

                   3-200-46
                    3-200-48
                    3-200-47

              (c) Criteria. The criteria in this paragraph (c) apply to the issuance and acceptance of U.S. and foreign import permits. When applying for a U.S. import permit, you must provide sufficient information for us to find that your proposed activity meets all of the following criteria:

                  Criteria for an import permit for an Appendix-I specimen
                  Section

                  (1) The proposed import would be for purposes that are not detrimental to the survival of the species.
                  23.61

                  (2) The specimen will not be used for primarily commercial purposes.
                  23.62

                  (3) The recipients are suitably equipped to house and care for any live wildlife or plant to be imported.
                  23.65

                  (4) The scientific name of the species is the standard nomenclature in the CITES Appendices or the references adopted by the CoP.
                  23.23

              (d) U.S. standard conditions. You must meet all of the provisions on use after import in § 23.55 and the standard conditions in § 23.56.
              (e) Prior issuance of an import permit. For Appendix-I specimens, the Management Authority of the exporting country may:
              (1) Issue an export permit for live or dead specimens or a re-export certificate for live specimens only after the Management Authority of the importing country has either issued an import permit or confirmed in writing that an import permit will be issued.
              (2) Accept oral confirmation from the Management Authority of the importing country that an import permit will be issued in an emergency situation where the life or health of the specimen is threatened and no means of written communication is possible.
              (3) Issue a re-export certificate for a dead specimen without confirmation that the import permit has been issued.

              § 23.36
              What are the requirements for an export permit?
              (a) Purposes. Articles III, IV, and V of the Treaty set out the conditions under which a Management Authority may issue an export permit for an Appendix-I, -II, or -III specimen. Article XIV sets out the conditions under which a Management Authority may issue a document for export of certain Appendix-II marine specimens protected under a pre-existing treaty, convention, or international agreement.
              (b) U.S. application forms. Complete the appropriate form for the proposed activity and submit it to the U.S. Management Authority. Form 3-200-26 may also be submitted to FWS Law Enforcement at certain ports or regional offices:

                  Type of application for an export permit
                  Form no.

                  (1) CITES:

                  American Ginseng
                  3-200-34

                  Appendix-I Plants Artificially Propagated for Commercial Purposes
                  3-200-33

                  Biological Specimens
                  3-200-29

                  Captive-born Raptors
                  3-200-25

                  Captive-born Wildlife (except raptors)
                  3-200-24

                  Caviar/Live Eggs/Meat of Paddlefish or Sturgeon, From an Aquaculture Facility
                  3-200-80

                  Caviar/Meat of Paddlefish or Sturgeon, Removed from the Wild
                  3-200-76

                  Export of Skins of Bobcat, Canada Lynx, River Otter, Brown Bear, Gray Wolf, and American Alligator Taken under an Approved State or Tribal Program
                  3-200-26

                  Master File for the Export of Live Animals Bred in Captivity
                  3-200-85

                  Personal Pets, One-time Export
                  3-200-46

                  Plants
                  3-200-32

                  Registration of a Native Species Production Facility
                  3-200-75

                  Single-use Permits under a Master File or an Annual Program File
                  3-200-74

                  Trophies by Hunters or Taxidermists
                  3-200-28

                  Wildlife, Removed from the Wild (Live Animals/Samples/Parts/Products)
                  3-200-27

                  (2) Endangered Species Act and CITES:

                  ESA Plants
                  3-200-36

                  ESA Wildlife
                  3-200-37

                  (3) Marine Mammal Protection Act and CITES:

                  Biological Samples
                  3-200-29

                  Live Captive-held Marine Mammals
                  3-200-53

                  Take from the Wild for Export
                  3-200-43

              (c) Criteria. The criteria in this paragraph (c) apply to the issuance and acceptance of U.S. and foreign export permits except as provided for certain marine specimens in paragraph (d) of this section. When applying for a U.S. permit or certificate, you must provide sufficient information for us to find that your proposed activity meets all of the following criteria:

                  Criteria for an export permit
                  Appendix of the specimen
                  I
                  II
                  III
                  Section

                  (1) The wildlife or plant was legally acquired.
                  Yes
                  Yes
                  Yes
                  23.60

                  (2) The proposed export would not be detrimental to the survival of the species.
                  Yes
                  Yes
                  n/a
                  23.61

                  (3) An import permit has already been issued or the Management Authority of the importing country has confirmed that it will be issued.
                  Yes
                  n/a
                  n/a
                  23.35

                  (4) The scientific name of the species is the standard nomenclature in the CITES Appendices or the references adopted by the CoP.
                  Yes
                  Yes
                  Yes
                  23.23

                  (5) Live wildlife or plants will be prepared and shipped so as to minimize risk of injury, damage to health, or cruel treatment of the specimen.
                  Yes
                  Yes
                  Yes
                  23.23

                  (6) The specimen originated in a country that listed the species.
                  n/a
                  n/a
                  Yes
                  23.20

                  (7) For wildlife with the source code “W” or “F,” the export is for noncommercial purposes. (See § 23.46 for the export of specimens that originated at a commercial breeding operation for Appendix-I wildlife that is registered with the Secretariat.)
                  Yes
                  n/a
                  n/a
                  -

              (d) Export of certain exempt marine specimens. Article XIV(4) and (5) of the Treaty provide a limited exemption for Appendix-II marine species that are protected under another treaty, convention, or international agreement that was in force at the time CITES entered into force. When all of the following conditions are met, export of exempt Appendix-II marine wildlife or plants requires only that the shipment is accompanied by a document issued by the Management Authority of the exporting country indicating that the specimens were taken in accordance with the provisions of the other international treaty, convention, or agreement:
              (1) The exporting country is a CITES Party and is a party to an international treaty, convention, or agreement that affords protection to the species and was in force on July 1, 1975.
              (2) The ship that harvested the specimen is registered in the exporting country.
              (3) The specimen was taken within waters under the jurisdiction of the exporting country or in the marine environment not under the jurisdiction of any country.
              (4) The specimen was taken in accordance with the other international treaty, convention, or agreement, including any quotas.
              (5) The shipment is accompanied by any official document required under the other international treaty, convention, or agreement or otherwise required by law.
              (e) Export of exempt specimens from the United States. To export a specimen exempted under paragraph (d) of this section, you must obtain a CITES document from the U.S. Management Authority that indicates the specimen was taken in accordance with the provisions of another international treaty, convention, or agreement that was in force on July 1, 1975.
              (f) U.S. application for export of exempt specimens. To apply for a CITES exemption document under paragraph (e) of this section, complete the appropriate form for your activity and submit it to the U.S. Management Authority.

              (g) Criteria for certain exempt marine specimens. The criteria in this paragraph (g) apply to the issuance and acceptance of U.S. and foreign export documents. To obtain a U.S. CITES document for export of specimens exempted under paragraph (d) of this section you must provide sufficient information for us to find that your proposed export meets all of the following issuance criteria:
              (1) The specimen was taken in accordance with the provisions of an applicable international treaty, convention, or agreement that was in force on July 1, 1975.
              (2) The scientific name of the CITES species is in the standard nomenclature in the CITES Appendices or references adopted by the CoP (see § 23.23).
              (3) The ship that harvested the specimen is registered in the exporting country.
              (4) The specimen was taken within waters under the jurisdiction of the exporting country or in the marine environment not under the jurisdiction of any country.
              [72 FR 48448, Aug. 23, 2007, as amended at 79 FR 30424, May 27, 2014]

              § 23.37
              What are the requirements for a re-export certificate?
              (a) Purposes. Articles III, IV, and V of the Treaty set out the conditions under which a Management Authority may issue a re-export certificate for an Appendix-I, -II, or -III specimen.
              (b) U.S. application forms. Complete the appropriate form for the proposed activity and submit it to the U.S. Management Authority. Form 3-200-73 may also be submitted to Law Enforcement at certain ports or regional offices:

                  Type of application for a re-export certificate
                  Form no.

                  (1) CITES:Biological Specimens
                    Plants
                    Single-use Permits under a Master File or an Annual Program File
                    Trophies by Taxidermists
                    Wildlife

                   3-200-29
                    3-200-32
                    3-200-74
                    3-200-28
                    3-200-73

                  (2) Endangered Species Act and CITES:ESA Plants
                    ESA Wildlife

                   3-200-36
                    3-200-37

                  (3) Marine Mammal Protection Act and CITES:Biological Samples
                    Live Captive-held Marine Mammals

                   3-200-29
                    3-200-53

              (c) Criteria. The criteria in this paragraph (c) apply to the issuance and acceptance of U.S. and foreign re-export certificates. When applying for a U.S. certificate, you must provide sufficient information for us to find that your proposed activity meets all of the following criteria:

                  Criteria for a re-export certificate
                  Appendix of the specimen
                  I
                  II
                  III
                  Section

                  (1) The wildlife or plant was legally acquired.
                  Yes
                  Yes
                  Yes
                  23.60

                  (2) The scientific name of the species is the standard nomenclature in the CITES Appendices or the references adopted by the CoP.
                  Yes
                  Yes
                  Yes
                  23.23

                  (3) For a live specimen, an import permit has already been issued or the Management Authority of the importing country has confirmed that it will be issued. This criterion does not apply to a specimen with the source code “D.”
                  Yes
                  n/a
                  n/a
                  23.35

                  (4) Live wildlife or plants will be prepared and shipped so as to minimize risk of injury, damage to health, or cruel treatment of the specimen.
                  Yes
                  Yes
                  Yes
                  23.23

                  (5) For re-export of a confiscated specimen, the proposed re-export would not be detrimental to the survival of the species.
                  Yes
                  Yes
                  n/a
                  23.61

                  (6) For wildlife with the source code “W” or “F,” the re-export is for noncommercial purposes.
                  Yes
                  n/a
                  n/a
                  -

              § 23.38
              What are the requirements for a certificate of origin?
              (a) Purpose. Article V(3) of the Treaty requires that a shipment of Appendix-III specimens be accompanied by a certificate of origin when the shipment is not from a country that listed the species in Appendix III and is not a re-export.
              (b) U.S. application forms. For a certificate of origin, complete one of the following forms and submit it to the U.S. Management Authority:
              (1) Form 3-200-27 for wildlife removed from the wild.
              (2) Form 3-200-24 for captive-born wildlife.
              (3) Form 3-200-32 for plants.
              (c) Criteria. The criteria in this paragraph (c) apply to the issuance and acceptance of U.S. and foreign certificates of origin. When applying for a U.S. certificate, you must provide sufficient information for us to find that your proposed activity meets all of the following criteria:
              (1) The specimen originated in the country of export, which is not a country that listed the species in Appendix III. In the case of a listing that is annotated to cover only a certain population, no CITES document is required if the listed population does not occur in the country of export. For U.S. applicants, the country of origin must be the United States.
              (2) The scientific name of the species is the standard nomenclature in the CITES Appendices or the references adopted by the CoP (see § 23.23).
              (3) Live wildlife or plants will be prepared and shipped so as to minimize risk of injury, damage to health, or cruel treatment of the specimen (see § 23.23).

              § 23.39
              What are the requirements for an introduction-from-the-sea certificate?
              (a) Purpose. Articles III(5), IV(6), and IV(7) of the Treaty set out the conditions under which a Management Authority may issue an introduction-from-the-sea certificate.
              (b) U.S. application form. Complete Form 3-200-31 and submit it to the U.S. Management Authority.
              (c) Criteria. The criteria in this paragraph (c) apply to the issuance and acceptance of U.S. certificates. You must provide sufficient information for us to find that your proposed activity meets all of the following criteria:

                  Criteria for an introduction-from-the-sea certificate
                  Appendix of thespecimen

                  I
                  II
                  Section

                  (1) The specimen was taken in the marine environment not under the jurisdiction of any country.
                  Yes
                  Yes
                  -

                  (2) The proposed introduction from the sea would not be detrimental to the survival of the species.
                  Yes
                  Yes
                  23.61

                  (3) The specimen will not be used for primarily commercial purposes.
                  Yes
                  n/a
                  23.62

                  (4) The recipients are suitably equipped to house and care for live wildlife or plants.
                  Yes
                  n/a
                  23.65

                  (5) The scientific name of the species is the standard nomenclature in the CITES Appendices or the references adopted by the CoP.
                  Yes
                  Yes
                  23.23

                  (6) Live wildlife or plants will be prepared and shipped so as to minimize risk of injury, damage to health, or cruel treatment of the specimen.
                  Yes
                  Yes
                  23.23

              (d) Exemption. As allowed under Article XIV(4) and (5) of the Treaty, you may directly introduce into the United States any Appendix-II wildlife or plant taken in the marine environment that is not under the jurisdiction of any country without a CITES document when all of the following conditions are met:
              (1) The United States is a party to an international treaty, convention, or agreement that affords protection to the species and was in force on July 1, 1975.
              (2) The ship that harvested the specimen is registered in the United States.
              (3) The specimen was taken in accordance with the other international treaty, convention, or agreement, including any quotas.
              (4) The shipment is accompanied by any official document required under the other international treaty, convention, or agreement or otherwise required by U.S. law.
              (e) Export of exempt specimens. To export a specimen exempted under paragraph (d) of this section, you must obtain a CITES document from the U.S. Management Authority that indicates the specimen was taken in accordance with the provisions of the other international treaty, convention, or agreement that was in force on July 1, 1975. See requirements in § 23.36 (e) through (g).
              (f) Appendix III. Appendix-III species introduced from the sea do not require introduction-from-the-sea certificates. However, the subsequent international trade of an Appendix-III specimen introduced from the sea would be considered an export requiring a CITES document (see § 23.20(f)).

              § 23.40
              What are the requirements for a certificate for artificially propagated plants?
              (a) Purpose. Article VII(5) of the Treaty grants an exemption to plants that are artificially propagated when a Management Authority issues a certificate.
              (b) U.S. and foreign general provisions. The following provisions apply to the issuance and acceptance of a certificate for artificially propagated Appendix-I, -II, or -III plants:
              (1) The certificate for artificially propagated plants and any subsequent re-export certificate must show the source code as “A” for artificially propagated.
              (2) For an Appendix-I specimen that satisfies the requirements of this section, no CITES import permit is required.
              (c) U.S. application form. Complete Form 3-200-33 and submit it to the U.S. Management Authority.
              (d) Criteria. The criteria in this paragraph (d) apply to the issuance and acceptance of U.S. and foreign certificates. When applying for a U.S. certificate, you must provide sufficient information for us to find that your proposed activity meets all of the following criteria:

                  Criteria for a certificate for artificially propagated plants
                  Appendix of thespecimen

                  I
                  II
                  III
                  Section

                  (1) The plant was artificially propagated.
                  Yes
                  Yes
                  Yes
                  23.64

                  (2) The plant specimen is one of the following:(i) Was propagated for noncommercial purposes.
                    (ii) Is part of a traveling exhibition.
                    (iii) Is a hybrid of one or more Appendix-I species or taxa that is not annotated to treat hybrids as Appendix-I specimens and was propagated for commercial or noncommercial purposes.

                  Yes
                  n/a
                  n/a

                  (3) The scientific name of the species is the standard nomenclature in the CITES Appendices or the references adopted by the CoP.
                  Yes
                  Yes
                  Yes
                  23.23

                  (4) The live plant will be prepared and shipped so as to minimize risk of injury, damage to health, or cruel treatment of the specimen.
                  Yes
                  Yes
                  Yes
                  23.23

              (e) U.S. standard conditions. In addition to the conditions in § 23.56, you must meet all of the following conditions:
              (1) You may not export or re-export a plant (including its parts, products, or derivatives) under this certificate if the plant was removed from the wild or grown directly from a wild seed or spore, except for plants grown from exempt plant materials that qualify as artificially propagated.
              (2) You may not export an Appendix-I species that was propagated for commercial purposes under this certificate, except for hybrids of one or more Appendix-I species or taxa that are not annotated to treat hybrids as Appendix-I specimens. (See § 23.47.)
              (3) You may export a native plant under this certificate only when specifically approved for export and listed on the certificate, inventory sheet, or an approved species list.
              (4) You may export a specimen under a higher-taxon name only if you identified the taxon in your application and we approved it on this certificate.
              [72 FR 48448, Aug. 23, 2007, as amended at 79 FR 30425, May 27, 2014]

              § 23.41
              What are the requirements for a bred-in-captivity certificate?
              (a) Purpose. Article VII(5) of the Treaty grants an exemption to wildlife that is bred in captivity when a Management Authority issues a certificate.
              (b) U.S. and foreign general provisions. The following provisions apply to the issuance and acceptance of a certificate for Appendix-I, -II, or -III wildlife that was bred in captivity:
              (1) The certificate and any subsequent re-export certificate must show the source code as “C” for bred in captivity.
              (2) For an Appendix-I specimen that satisfies the requirements of this section, no CITES import permit is required.
              (c) U.S. application form. Complete Form 3-200-24, 3-200-80, or 3-200-85 and submit it to the U.S. Management Authority.
              (d) Criteria. The criteria in this paragraph (d) apply to the issuance and acceptance of U.S. and foreign certificates. When applying for a U.S. certificate, you must provide sufficient information for us to find that your proposed activity meets all of the following criteria:

                  Criteria for a bred-in-captivity certificate
                  Appendix of thespecimen

                  I
                  II
                  III
                  Section

                  (1) The wildlife was bred in captivity.
                  Yes
                  Yes
                  Yes
                  23.63

                  (2) The wildlife specimen was bred for noncommercial purposes or is part of a traveling exhibition.
                  Yes
                  n/a
                  n/a
                  23.5

                  (3) The scientific name of the species is the standard nomenclature in the CITES Appendices or the references adopted by the CoP.
                  Yes
                  Yes
                  Yes
                  23.23

                  (4) Live wildlife will be prepared and shipped so as to minimize risk of injury, damage to health, or cruel treatment of the specimen.
                  Yes
                  Yes
                  Yes
                  23.23

              [72 FR 48448, Aug. 23, 2007, as amended at 79 FR 30425, May 27, 2014]

              § 23.42
              What are the requirements for a plant hybrid?

                General provisions. Except as provided in § 23.92, the export, re-export, or import of a plant hybrid of a CITES species must be accompanied by a valid CITES document that shows the Appendix of the specimen as follows:

                  Question on a plant hybrid
                  Answer and status of specimen

                  (a) Is the specimen an artificially propagated hybrid of one or more Appendix-I species or taxa?
                  (1) YES. Continue to paragraph (b) of this section.(2) NO. Continue to paragraph (c) of this section.

                  (b) Is one or more of the Appendix-I species or taxa in paragraph (a) of this section annotated to treat hybrids as Appendix-I specimens?
                  (1) YES. The hybrid is listed in Appendix I.(2) NO. The hybrid is listed in Appendix I, but may be granted a certificate for artificially propagated plants even if propagated for commercial purposes.

                  (c) Is the specimen a hybrid that includes two or more CITES species or taxa in its lineage?
                  (1) YES. Consider the specimen to be listed in the more restrictive Appendix, with Appendix I being the most restrictive and Appendix III the least.(2) NO. Continue to paragraph (d) of this section.

                  (d) Is the specimen a hybrid that includes one CITES species or taxon in its lineage?
                  (1) YES. Consider the specimen to be listed in the Appendix in which the species or taxon is listed in the CITES Appendices.(2) NO. The hybrid is not regulated by CITES.

              [72 FR 48448, Aug. 23, 2007, as amended at 79 FR 30425, May 27, 2014]

              § 23.43
              What are the requirements for a wildlife hybrid?
              (a) Definition. For the purposes of this section, recent lineage means the last four generations of a specimen's ancestry (direct line of descent).
              (b) U.S. and foreign general provisions. Except as provided in paragraph (f) of this section, the import, export, or re-export of a hybrid CITES wildlife specimen must be accompanied by a valid CITES document.
              (c) CITES documents. All CITES documents must show the wildlife hybrid listed in the following Appendix:

                  If at least one specimen in the recent lineage is listed in:
                  Then the specimen islisted in:

                  (1) Appendix I
                  Appendix I

                  (2) Appendix II, and an Appendix-I species is not included in the recent lineage
                  Appendix II

                  (3) Appendix III, and an Appendix-I or -II species is not included in the recent lineage
                  Appendix III

              (d) U.S. application for wildlife hybrid. To apply for a CITES document, complete the appropriate form for the proposed activity (see §§ 23.18 through 23.20) and submit it to the U.S. Management Authority.
              (e) Criteria. For export of a hybrid that contains a CITES species in its recent lineage, you must meet the requirements of § 23.36.

              (f) Exempt wildlife hybrids. The following provisions apply to import, export, or re-export of exempt wildlife hybrids:
              (1) A hybrid between a CITES species and a non-CITES species may be exempt from CITES document requirements if there are no purebred CITES species in the previous four generations of the specimen's ancestry (direct line of descent). Under this section, a hybrid between two CITES species is not exempt.
              (2) For import, export, or re-export of an exempt wildlife hybrid without CITES documents, you must provide information at the time of import or export to clearly demonstrate that your specimen has no purebred CITES specimens in the previous four generations of its ancestry. If you are unable to clearly demonstrate this, you must obtain CITES documents. The information you provide must clearly identify the specimen and demonstrate its recent lineage. Such information may include, but is not limited to, the following:
              (i) Records that identify the name and address of the breeder and identify the specimen by birth or hatch date and by sex, band number, microchip number, or other mark.
              (ii) A certified pedigree issued by an internationally recognized association that contains scientific names of the animals in the specimen's recent lineage and clearly illustrates its genetic history. If the pedigree contains codes, you must provide a key or guide that explains the meaning of the codes.
              (3) Although a CITES document is not required for an exempt wildlife hybrid, you must follow the clearance requirements for wildlife in part 14 of this subchapter, including the prior notification requirements for live wildlife.
              [72 FR 48448, Aug. 23, 2007, as amended at 79 FR 30425, May 27, 2014]

              § 23.44
              What are the requirements for traveling internationally with my personally owned live wildlife?
              (a) Purpose. A Management Authority may use the exemption in Article VII(3) of the Treaty to issue a certificate of ownership that authorizes frequent cross-border movements of personally owned live wildlife for personal use.
              (b) U.S. and foreign general provisions. The following provisions apply to the issuance and acceptance of a certificate of ownership for frequent international travel with live wildlife for personal use:
              (1) The certificate must be obtained from the Management Authority in the country of the owner's primary residence.
              (2) Parties should treat the certificate like a passport for import to and export or re-export from each country and should not collect the original certificate at the border.
              (3) If offspring are born or an additional specimen is acquired while the owner is outside his or her country of primary residence, the owner must obtain the appropriate CITES document for the export or re-export of the wildlife, not a certificate of ownership, from the Management Authority of that country.
              (4) Upon returning home, the owner may apply for a certificate of ownership for wildlife born or acquired overseas.
              (c) U.S. application form. Complete Form 3-200-64 and submit it to the U.S. Management Authority.
              (d) Criteria. The criteria in this paragraph (d) apply to the issuance and acceptance of U.S. and foreign certificates. When applying for a U.S. certificate, you must provide sufficient information for us to find that your proposed activity meets all of the following criteria:
              (1) The traveler owns the live wildlife and it will accompany the owner.
              (2) The cross-border movement will be frequent and for personal use, including, but not limited to, companionship or use in a noncommercial competition such as falconry.
              (3) To apply for a U.S. certificate, the owner resides in the United States.
              (4) The wildlife was legally acquired (see § 23.60).
              (5) The owner does not intend to sell, donate, or transfer the wildlife while traveling internationally.

              (6) The scientific name of the species is the standard nomenclature in the CITES Appendices or the references adopted by the CoP (see § 23.23).

              (7) The Management Authority of the country of import has agreed to the cross-border movement.
              (8) The wildlife is securely marked or uniquely identified in such a manner that the border official can verify that the specimen and CITES document correspond.
              (9) The wildlife is transported and cared for in a way that minimizes risk of injury, damage to health, or cruel treatment of the specimen (see § 23.23).
              (e) U.S. standard conditions. In addition to the conditions in § 23.56, all of the following conditions must be met:
              (1) You must accompany the wildlife during any cross-border movement.
              (2) You must transport the wildlife for personal use only.
              (3) You must not sell, donate, or transfer the specimen while traveling internationally.
              (4) You must present the certificate to the official for validation at each border crossing.
              (5) If the certificate is lost, stolen, or accidentally destroyed, you must obtain a replacement certificate from the issuing Management Authority.
              (6) If you no longer own the live wildlife, you must immediately return the original document to the issuing Management Authority and report on the disposition of the wildlife, such as death, sale, or transfer.
              (7) You must return the wildlife to the United States before the certificate expires.
              [72 FR 48448, Aug. 23, 2007, as amended at 79 FR 30425, May 27, 2014]

              § 23.45
              What are the requirements for a pre-Convention specimen?
              (a) Purpose. Article VII(2) of the Treaty exempts a pre-Convention specimen from standard permitting requirements in Articles III, IV, and V of the Treaty when the exporting or re-exporting country is satisfied that the specimen was acquired before the provisions of CITES applied to it and issues a CITES document to that effect.
              (b) U.S. and foreign general provisions. The following general provisions apply to the issuance and acceptance of pre-Convention documents:
              (1) Trade in a specimen under the pre-Convention exemption is allowed only if the importing country will accept a pre-Convention certificate.
              (2) The pre-Convention date is the date the species was first listed under CITES regardless of whether the species has subsequently been transferred from one Appendix to another.
              (3) For a pre-Convention Appendix-I specimen, no CITES import permit is required.
              (4) The pre-Convention exemption does not apply to offspring or cell lines of any wildlife or plant born or propagated after the date the species was first listed under CITES.
              (c) U.S. application form. Complete Form 3-200-23 (wildlife) or Form 3-200-32 (plants) and submit it to the U.S. Management Authority.
              (d) Criteria. The criteria in this paragraph (d) apply to the issuance and acceptance of U.S. and foreign certificates. When applying for a U.S. certificate, you must provide sufficient information for us to find that the specimen meets all of the following criteria:
              (1) The specimen was removed from the wild or born or propagated in a controlled environment before the date CITES first applied to it, or is a product (including a manufactured item) or derivative made from such specimen.
              (2) The scientific name of the species is the standard nomenclature in the CITES Appendices or the references adopted by the CoP (see § 23.23).
              (3) Live wildlife or plants will be prepared and shipped so as to minimize risk of injury, damage to health, or cruel treatment of the specimen.
              (4) For the re-export of a pre-Convention specimen previously imported under a CITES document, the wildlife or plant was legally imported.

              § 23.46
              What are the requirements for registering a commercial breeding operation for Appendix-I wildlife and commercially exporting specimens?
              (a) Purpose. Article VII(4) of the Treaty provides that Appendix-I specimens that are bred in captivity for commercial purposes shall be deemed to be listed in Appendix II. This means that an Appendix-I specimen originating from a commercial breeding operation that is registered with the CITES Secretariat may be traded under an export permit or re-export certificate based on Appendix-II criteria. The specimen is still listed in Appendix I and is not eligible for any exemption granted to an Appendix-II species or taxon, including any exemption granted by an annotation (see § 23.92).
              (b) U.S. and foreign general provisions. The following provisions apply to the registration of U.S. and foreign commercial breeding operations for Appendix-I wildlife:
              (1) If the Management Authority is satisfied that the operation in its country meets the conditions for registration in paragraph (d) of this section, it will send the request to register a breeding operation to the Secretariat.
              (2) The Secretariat will verify that the application is complete and notify the Parties of the request.
              (3) If any Party objects to or expresses concern about the registration within 90 days from the date of the Secretariat's notification, the Secretariat will refer the application to the Animals Committee. The Committee has 60 days to respond to objections. The Secretariat will provide the recommendations of the Committee to the Management Authority of the Party that submitted the application and the Party that objected to the registration, and will allow a further 30 days for resolution of the identified problems.
              (4) If the objection is not withdrawn or the identified problems are not resolved within the 30-day period, the Secretariat will submit the application to the Standing Committee at its next regular meeting. The Standing Committee will determine whether the objection is justified and decide whether to accept the application.
              (5) When the Secretariat is satisfied that the operation meets the registration requirements, it will include the operation in its register.
              (6) Operations are assigned an identification number and listed in the official register. Registration is not final until the Secretariat notifies all Parties.
              (7) If a Party believes that a registered operation does not meet the bred-in-captivity requirements, it may, after consultation with the Secretariat and the Party concerned, propose to the Standing Committee that the operation be deleted from the register. At its following meeting, the Standing Committee will consider the concerns raised by the objecting Party, and any comments from the registering Party and the Secretariat, and determine whether the operation should be deleted from the register. Once an operation has been deleted, it must re-apply and meet the registration requirements to be reinstated.
              (8) The Management Authority, in collaboration with the Scientific Authority, of a country where any registered operation is located must monitor the operation to ensure that it continues to meet the registration requirements. In the United States, we will monitor registered operations, in part, by requiring each operation to apply for renewal and demonstrate that it continues to qualify for registration at least once every 5 years. (See paragraphs (e)(4) and (f) of this section.) The Management Authority will advise the Secretariat of any major change in the nature of the operation or in the types of products being produced for export.
              (9) A Party may unilaterally request the removal of a registered operation within its jurisdiction by notifying the Secretariat.
              (10) An Appendix-I specimen may not be imported for purposes of establishing or augmenting a commercial breeding operation, unless the specimen is pre-Convention (see § 23.45) or was bred in captivity (see § 23.63).
              (c) U.S. application to register. Complete Form 3-200-65 and submit it to the U.S. Management Authority.
              (d) Criteria. The criteria in this paragraph (d) apply to the registration of U.S. and foreign commercial breeding operations for Appendix-I wildlife. For your breeding operation to be registered in the United States, you must provide sufficient information for us to find that your proposed activity meets all of the following criteria:

                  Criteria for registering a commercial breeding operation for Appendix-I wildlife
                  Section

                  (1) The operation breeds wildlife for commercial purposes.
                  23.5

                  (2) The parental stock was legally acquired.
                  23.60

                  (3) The wildlife meets bred-in-captivity criteria.
                  23.63

                  (4) Where the establishment of a breeding operation involves the removal of animals from the wild (allowable only under exceptional circumstances and only for native species), the operation must demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Management Authority, on advice of the Scientific Authority and of the Secretariat, that the removal is or was not detrimental to the conservation of the species.
                  -

                  (5) The potential escape of specimens or pathogens from the facility does not pose a risk to the ecosystem and native species.
                  -

                  (6) The scientific name of the species is the standard nomenclature in the CITES Appendices or the references adopted by the CoP.
                  23.23

                  (7) The breeding operation will make a continuing, meaningful contribution to the conservation of the species according to the conservation needs of the species.
                  -

                  (8) The operation will be carried out at all stages in a humane (non-cruel) manner.
                  -

              (e) Standard conditions of the registration. In addition to the conditions in § 23.56, you must meet all of the following conditions:
              (1) You must uniquely mark all specimens from the breeding operation in the manner proposed at the time of registration. Birds may be marked with closed bands, although other methods may be used.
              (2) You may not import Appendix-I specimens for primarily commercial purposes (such as to establish a commercial captive-breeding operation) except from breeding operations registered for that species.
              (3) You must allow our agents to enter the premises at any reasonable hour to inspect wildlife held or to inspect, audit, or copy applicable records.
              (4) Registrations will be valid for a period not to exceed 5 years. Registrants who wish to remain registered must request renewal before the end of the period of validity of the registration.
              (f) U.S. application to renew a registration. Requests for renewal of a registration should be submitted at least 3 months before the registration expires. Complete Form 3-200-65 and submit it to the U.S. Management Authority.
              (g) Criteria for renewal of U.S. registrations. To renew your registration, you must provide sufficient information for us to find that your proposed activity continues to meet all of the criteria in paragraph (d) of this section.
              (h) U.S. and foreign general provisions for export of specimens that originated in a registered breeding operation. The following provisions apply to the issuance and acceptance of export permits for Appendix-I specimens bred at an operation registered with the CITES Secretariat:
              (1) An export permit may be issued to the registered operation or to persons who have purchased a specimen that originated at the registered operation if the specimen has the unique mark applied by the operation. If a microchip is used, we may, if necessary, ask the importer, exporter, or re-exporter to have equipment on hand to read the microchip at the time of import, export, or re-export.
              (2) The export permit, and any subsequent re-export certificate, must show the specimen as listed in Appendix I and the source code as “D,” and give the identification number of the registered breeding operation where the specimen originated.
              (3) No CITES import permit is required for a qualifying specimen.
              (i) U.S. application form. Complete the appropriate form (see § 23.36) and submit it to the U.S. Management Authority.
              (j) Criteria. The criteria in this paragraph (h) apply to the issuance and acceptance of U.S. and foreign export permits. When applying for a U.S. permit, you must provide sufficient information for us to find that your proposed activity meets all of the following criteria:

                  Criteria for an export permit
                  Section

                  (1) The specimen was bred at a commercial operation for Appendix-I wildlife that is registered with the CITES Secretariat.
                  23.46

                  (2) The proposed export would not be detrimental to the survival of the species.
                  23.61

                  (3) Live wildlife will be prepared and shipped so as to minimize risk of injury, damage to health, or cruel treatment of the specimen.
                  23.23

              [72 FR 48448, Aug. 23, 2007, as amended at 79 FR 30426, May 27, 2014]

              § 23.47
              What are the requirements for export of an Appendix-I plant artificially propagated for commercial purposes?
              (a) Purpose. Article VII(4) of the Treaty provides that Appendix-I plants artificially propagated for commercial purposes shall be deemed to be listed in Appendix II. This means that an Appendix-I specimen originating from a commercial nursery that is registered with the CITES Secretariat or that meets the requirements of this section may be traded under an export permit or re-export certificate based on Appendix-II criteria. The specimen is still listed in Appendix I and is not eligible for any exemption granted to an Appendix-II species or taxon, including any exemption granted by an annotation. This section does not apply to hybrids of one or more Appendix-I species or taxa that are not annotated to treat hybrids as Appendix-I specimens (see § 23.40).
              (b) U.S. and foreign general provisions. The following provisions apply to the issuance and acceptance of export permits for Appendix-I specimens artificially propagated for commercial purposes:
              (1) An Appendix-I specimen may not be imported for purposes of establishing or augmenting a nursery or commercial propagating operation, unless the specimen is pre-Convention (see § 23.45) or was propagated at a nursery that is registered with the CITES Secretariat or a commercial propagating operation that qualifies under paragraph (d) of this section, and the CITES document indicates the source code as “D.”
              (2) An export permit may be issued to a CITES-registered nursery, to a commercial propagating operation that qualifies under paragraph (d) of this section, or to persons who have acquired a specimen that originated at such a nursery or operation. No CITES import permit is required for a qualifying specimen.
              (3) The export permit, and any subsequent re-export certificate, must show the specimen as listed in Appendix I and the source code as “D,” and if from a nursery registered with the Secretariat, give the identification number of the registered nursery where the specimen originated.
              (c) U.S. application form. Complete Form 3-200-33 or Form 3-200-74 (for additional single-use permits under a master file or an annual export program file). Complete Form 3-200-32 for one-time export. Submit the completed form to the U.S. Management Authority.
              (d) Criteria. The criteria in this paragraph (d) apply to the issuance and acceptance of U.S. and foreign export permits. When applying for a U.S. permit, you must provide sufficient information for us to find that your proposed activity meets all of the following criteria:

                  Criteria for an export permit
                  Section

                  (1) The specimen was propagated for commercial purposes.
                  23.5

                  (2) The parental stock was legally acquired.
                  23.60

                  (3) The proposed export would not be detrimental to the survival of the species.
                  23.61

                  (4) The plant was artificially propagated.
                  23.64

                  (5) The scientific name of the species is the standard nomenclature in the CITES Appendices or the references adopted by the CoP.
                  23.23

                  (6) The live plant will be prepared and shipped so as to minimize risk of injury, damage to health, or cruel treatment of the specimen.
                  23.23

              (e) Nursery registration. [Reserved]
              [72 FR 48448, Aug. 23, 2007, as amended at 79 FR 30426, May 27, 2014]

              § 23.48
              What are the requirements for a registered scientific institution?
              (a) Purpose. Article VII(6) of the Treaty grants an exemption that allows international trade in certain specimens for noncommercial loan, donation, or exchange between registered scientific institutions.
              (b) U.S. and foreign general provisions. The following provisions apply to the registration of scientific institutions and acceptance of shipments from registered scientific institutions:
              (1) The receiving and sending scientific institutions must be registered with the Management Authority in their country. Scientists who wish to use this exemption must be affiliated with a registered scientific institution.
              (i) When a Management Authority is satisfied that a scientific institution has met the criteria for registration, it will assign the institution a five-character code consisting of the ISO country code and a unique three-digit number. In the case of a non-Party, the Secretariat will ensure that the institution meets the standards and assign it a unique code.
              (ii) The Management Authority must communicate the name, address, and assigned code to the Secretariat, which maintains a register of scientific institutions and provides that information to all Parties.
              (2) A registered scientific institution does not need separate CITES documents for the noncommercial loan, donation, or exchange of preserved, frozen, dried, or embedded museum specimens, herbarium specimens, or live plant material with another registered institution. The shipment must have an external label that contains information specified in paragraph (e)(5) of this section.
              (c) U.S. application to register as a scientific institution. To register, complete Form 3-200-39 and submit it to the U.S. Management Authority.
              (d) Criteria. The criteria in this paragraph (d) apply to the registration of U.S. and foreign institutions for scientific exchange. To be issued a certificate of scientific exchange as a registered U.S. scientific institution, you must provide sufficient information for us to find that your institution meets all of the following criteria:
              (1) Collections of wildlife or plant specimens are permanently housed and professionally curated, and corresponding records are kept.
              (2) Specimens are accessible to all qualified users, including those from other institutions.
              (3) Specimens are properly accessioned in a permanent catalog.
              (4) Records are permanently maintained for loans and transfers to and from other institutions.
              (5) Specimens are acquired primarily for research that is to be reported in scientific publications, and CITES specimens are not used for commercial purposes or as decorations.
              (6) Collections are prepared and arranged in a way that ensures their accessibility to researchers.
              (7) Specimen labels, permanent catalogs, and other records are accurate.
              (8) Specimens are legally acquired and lawfully possessed under a country's wildlife and plant laws.
              (9) Appendix-I specimens are permanently and centrally housed under the direct control of the institution.
              (e) U.S. standard conditions. In addition to the conditions in § 23.56, any activity conducted under a certificate of scientific exchange must meet all of the following conditions:

              (1) Both scientific institutions involved in the exchange must be registered by the applicable Management Authorities (or the Secretariat in the case of a non-Party), and be included in the Secretariat's register of scientific institutions.
              (2) An institution may send and receive only preserved, frozen, dried, or embedded museum specimens, herbarium specimens, or live plant materials that have been permanently and accurately recorded by one of the institutions involved in the exchange and that are traded as a noncommercial loan, donation, or exchange.
              (3) An institution may use specimens acquired under a certificate of scientific exchange and their offspring only for scientific research or educational display at a scientific institution and may not use specimens for commercial purposes.
              (4) The institution must keep records to show that the specimens were legally acquired.
              (5) A customs declaration label must be affixed to the outside of each shipping container or package that contains all of the following:
              (i) The acronym “CITES.”
              (ii) A description of the contents (such as “herbarium specimens”).
              (iii) The names and addresses of the sending and receiving registered institutions.
              (iv) The signature of a responsible officer of the sending registered scientific institution.
              (v) The scientific institution codes of both registered scientific institutions involved in the loan, donation, or exchange.
              (6) A registered institution may destroy samples during analysis, provided that a portion of the sample is maintained and permanently recorded at a registered scientific institution for future scientific reference.

              § 23.49
              What are the requirements for an exhibition traveling internationally?
              (a) Purpose. Article VII(7) of the Treaty grants an exemption for specimens that qualify as bred in captivity, artificially propagated, or pre-Convention and are part of a traveling exhibition.
              (b) U.S. and foreign general provisions. The following general provisions apply to the issuance and acceptance of a certificate for live wildlife and plants, or their parts, products, or derivatives in an exhibition that travels internationally:
              (1) The Management Authority in the country of the exhibitor's primary place of business must have determined that the specimens are bred in captivity, artificially propagated, or pre-Convention and issued a traveling-exhibition certificate.
              (2) The certificate must indicate that the wildlife or plant is part of a traveling exhibition.
              (3) A separate certificate must be issued for each live wildlife specimen; a CITES document may be issued for more than one specimen for a traveling exhibition of live plants and dead parts, products, or derivatives of wildlife and plants.
              (4) The certificate is not transferable.
              (5) Parties should treat the certificate like a passport for import and export or re-export from each country, and should not collect the original certificate at the border.
              (6) Parties should check specimens closely to determine that each specimen matches the certificate and ensure that each live specimen is being transported and cared for in a manner that minimizes the risk of injury, damage to health, or cruel treatment of the specimen.
              (7) If offspring are born or a new specimen is acquired while the traveling exhibition is in another country, the exhibitor must obtain the appropriate CITES document for the export or re-export of the specimen from the Management Authority of that country.
              (8) Upon returning home, the exhibitor may apply for a traveling-exhibition certificate for wildlife born overseas or for wildlife or plants acquired overseas.
              (c) U.S. application form. Complete Form 3-200-30 for wildlife and Form 3-200-32 for plants, and submit it to the U.S. Management Authority.
              (d) Criteria. The criteria in this paragraph (d) apply to the issuance and acceptance of U.S. and foreign certificates. When applying for a U.S. certificate, you must provide sufficient information for us to find that your proposed activity meets all of the following criteria:

              (1) The traveling exhibition makes multiple cross-border movements, and will return to the country in which the exhibition is based before the certificate expires.
              (2) The cross-border movement must be for exhibition, and not for breeding, propagating, or activities other than exhibition.
              (3) The traveling exhibition is based in the country that issued the certificate.
              (4) The specimen meets the criteria for a bred-in-captivity certificate, certificate for artificially propagated plants, or pre-Convention certificate.
              (5) The exhibitor does not intend to sell or otherwise transfer the wildlife or plant while traveling internationally.
              (6) The wildlife or plant is securely marked or identified in such a way that border officials can verify that the certificate and specimen correspond. If a microchip is used, we may, if necessary, ask the importer, exporter, or re-exporter to have equipment on hand to read the microchip at the time of import, export, or re-export.
              (e) U.S. standard conditions. In addition to the conditions in § 23.56, you must meet all of the following conditions:
              (1) The certificate may be used by you, and you must not transfer or assign it to another person or traveling exhibition.
              (2) You must transport the specimen internationally only for exhibition, not for breeding, propagating, or activities other than exhibition.
              (3) You must present the certificate to the official for validation at each border crossing.
              (4)For live plants, the quantity of plants must be reasonable for the purpose of the traveling exhibition.
              (5) You must not sell or otherwise transfer the specimen, or any offspring born to such specimen, while traveling internationally.
              (6) If the certificate is lost, stolen, or accidentally destroyed, you may obtain a replacement certificate only from the U.S. Management Authority.
              (7) If you no longer own the wildlife or plants, or no longer plan to travel as a traveling exhibition, the original certificate must be immediately returned to the U.S. Management Authority.
              (8) You must return the traveling exhibition to the United States before the certificate expires.

              § 23.50
              What are the requirements for a sample collection covered by an ATA carnet?
              (a) Purpose. Article VII(1) of the Treaty allows for the transit of specimens through or within a Party country while the specimens remain under customs control.
              (b) Definition. For purposes of this section, sample collection means a set of legally acquired parts, products, or derivatives of Appendix-II or -III species, or Appendix-I species bred in captivity or artificially propagated for commercial purposes, that will:
              (1) Cross international borders only for temporary exhibition or display purposes and return to the originating country.
              (2) Be accompanied by a valid ATA carnet and remain under customs control.
              (3) Not be sold or otherwise transferred while traveling internationally.
              (c) U.S. and foreign general provisions. The following general provisions apply to the issuance and acceptance of a CITES document for the movement of sample collections:
              (1) The Management Authority in the country where the sample collection originated must issue a CITES document that:
              (i) Clearly specifies that the document was issued for a “sample collection.”
              (ii) Includes the condition in block 5, or an equivalent place, of the document that it is valid only if the shipment is accompanied by a valid ATA carnet and that the specimens must not be sold, donated, or otherwise transferred while outside the originating country.
              (2) The number of the accompanying ATA carnet must be recorded on the CITES document, and if this number is not recorded by the Management Authority, it must be entered by a customs or other CITES enforcement official responsible for the original endorsement of the CITES document.

              (3) The name and address of the exporter or re-exporter and importer must be identical, and the names of the countries to be visited must be indicated in block 5 or an equivalent place.
              (4) The date of validity must not be later than that of the ATA carnet and the period of validity must not exceed 6 months from the date of issuance.
              (5) At each border crossing, Parties must verify the presence of the CITES document, but allow it to remain with the shipment, and ensure that the ATA carnet is properly endorsed with an authorized stamp and signature by a customs official.
              (6) The exporter or re-exporter must return the sample collection to the originating country prior to the expiration of the CITES document.
              (7) Parties should check the CITES document and sample collection closely at the time of first export or re-export and upon its return to ensure that the contents of the sample collection have not been changed.
              (8) For import into and export or re-export from the United States, the shipment must comply with the requirements for wildlife in part 14 of this subchapter and for plants in part 24 of this subchapter and 7 CFR parts 319, 352, and 355.
              (d) U.S. application form. Complete Form 3-200-29 for wildlife and Form 3-200-32 for plants, and submit it to the U.S. Management Authority.
              (e) Criteria. The criteria in this paragraph (e) apply to the issuance and acceptance of U.S. and foreign documents. When applying for a U.S. document, you must provide sufficient information for us to find that your proposed activity meets all of the following criteria:
              (1) The specimens meet the definition of a sample collection as provided in paragraph (b) of this section.
              (2) The wildlife or plant specimens must be securely marked or identified in such a way that border officials can verify that the CITES document, ATA carnet, and specimens correspond.
              (f) U.S. standard conditions. In addition to the conditions in § 23.56, you must meet all of the following conditions:
              (1) You must transport the sample collection only for temporary exhibition or display purposes.
              (2) You must not transfer or assign the CITES document to another person.
              (3) You must not sell, donate, or transfer specimens while traveling internationally.
              (4) You must present the CITES document and the ATA carnet to the official for validation at each border crossing.
              (5) You must return the sample collection to the United States prior to the expiration of the CITES document.
              (6) If the CITES document is lost, stolen, or accidentally destroyed, you may obtain a replacement certificate only from the U.S. Management Authority.
              (7) If you no longer own the sample collection, or no longer plan to travel with the sample collection, you must immediately return the original document to the U.S. Management Authority.

              § 23.51
              What are the requirements for issuing a partially completed CITES document?
              (a) Purpose. Under Article VIII(3), Parties are to ensure that CITES specimens are traded with a minimum of delay.
              (b) U.S. and foreign general provisions. The following provisions apply to the issuance and acceptance of partially completed CITES documents.
              (1) A Management Authority may issue partially completed CITES documents only when:
              (i) The permitted trade will have a negligible impact or no impact on the conservation of the species.
              (ii) All provisions of CITES have been met.
              (iii) The specimens are one of the following:
              (A) Biological samples.
              (B) Pre-Convention specimens.
              (C) Specimens that qualify as bred in captivity or artificially propagated.
              (D) Appendix-I specimens from registered commercial breeding operations.
              (E) Appendix-I plants artificially propagated for commercial purposes.

              (F) Other specimens that the Management Authority determines qualify for partially completed documents.

              (2) A Management Authority may register applicants for species that may be traded under partially completed documents.
              (3) Partially completed CITES documents require the permit holder to:
              (i) Enter specific information on the CITES document or its annex as conditioned on the face of the CITES document.
              (ii) Enter scientific names on the CITES document only if the Management Authority included an inventory of approved species on the face of the CITES document or an attached annex.
              (iii) Sign the CITES document, which acts as a certification that the information entered is true and accurate.
              (4) CITES documents issued for biological samples may be validated at the time of issuance provided that upon export the container is labeled with the CITES document number and indicates it contains CITES biological samples.
              (c) U.S. application form. Complete the appropriate form for the proposed activity (see §§ 23.18 through 23.20) and submit it to the U.S. Management Authority.
              (d) Criteria. The criteria in this paragraph (d) apply to the issuance and acceptance of U.S. and foreign CITES documents. When applying for a U.S. CITES document, you must provide sufficient information for us to find that your proposed activity meets the criteria in subpart C for the appropriate CITES document and the following criteria:
              (1) The use of partially completed documents benefits both the permit holder and the issuing Management Authority.
              (2) The proposed activity will have a negligible impact or no impact upon the conservation of the species.
              (e) U.S. standard conditions. In addition to the conditions in § 23.56 and any standard conditions in this part that apply to the specific CITES document, the following conditions must be met:
              (1) You must enter the information specified in block 5, either on the face of the CITES document or in an annex to the document.
              (2) You may not alter or enter any information on the face of the CITES document or in an annex to the document that is not authorized in block 5 or an equivalent place.
              (3) If you are authorized to enter a scientific name, it must be for a species authorized in block 5 or an equivalent place, or in an attached annex of the CITES document.
              (4) You must sign the CITES document to certify that all information entered by you is true and correct.

              § 23.52
              What are the requirements for replacing a lost, damaged, stolen, or accidentally destroyed CITES document?
              (a) Purpose. A Management Authority may issue a duplicate document, either a copy of the original or a re-issued original, when a CITES document has been lost, damaged, stolen, or accidentally destroyed. These provisions do not apply to a document that has expired or that requires amendment. To renew a U.S. CITES document, see part 13 of this subchapter. To amend a U.S. CITES document, see part 13 of this subchapter if the activity has not yet occurred or, if the activity has already occurred, see § 23.53 of this part.
              (b) U.S. and foreign general provisions. The following provisions apply to the issuance and acceptance of a replacement CITES document:
              (1) The permittee must notify the issuing Management Authority that the document was lost, damaged, stolen, or accidentally destroyed.
              (2) The issuing Management Authority must be satisfied that the CITES document was lost, damaged, stolen, or accidentally destroyed.
              (3) The issuing Management Authority should immediately inform the Management Authority in the country of destination and, for commercial shipments, the Secretariat.
              (4) If the replacement CITES document is a copy, it must indicate that it is a “replacement” and a “true copy of the original,” contain a new dated original signature of a person authorized to sign CITES documents for the issuing Management Authority, and give the reason for replacement.

              (5) If the replacement CITES document is a newly issued original document, it must indicate that it is a “replacement,” include the number and date of issuance of the document being replaced, and give the reason for replacement.
              (6) In the United States, you may not use an original single-use CITES document issued under a CITES master file or CITES annual program as a replacement document for a shipment that has already left the country.
              (c) U.S. application procedures. To apply for a replacement CITES document, you must do all of the following:
              (1) Complete application Form 3-200-66 and submit it to the U.S. Management Authority.
              (2) Consult the list to find the types of information you need to provide (more than one circumstance may apply to you):

                  If
                  Then

                  (i) The shipment has already occurred
                  Provide copies of:(A) Any correspondence you have had with the shipper or importing country's Management Authority concerning the shipment.
                    (B) For wildlife, the validated CITES document and cleared Declaration for Importation or Exportation of Fish or Wildlife (Form 3-177).
                    (C) For plants, the validated CITES document.

                  (ii) The original CITES document no longer exists

                  Submit a signed, dated, and notarized statement that:(A) Provides the CITES document number and describes the circumstances that resulted in the loss or destruction of the original CITES document.
                    (B) States whether the shipment has already occurred.
                    (C) Requests a replacement U.S. CITES document.

                  (iii) An original CITES document exists but has been damaged

                  Submit the original damaged CITES document and a signed, dated, and notarized statement that:(A) Describes the circumstances that resulted in the CITES document being damaged.
                    (B) States whether the shipment has already occurred.
                    (C) Requests a replacement U.S. CITES document.

              (d) Criteria. The criteria in this paragraph (d) apply to the issuance and acceptance of U.S. and foreign documents.
              (1) When applying for a U.S. replacement document, you must provide sufficient information for us to find that your proposed activity meets all of the following criteria:
              (i) The circumstances for the lost, damaged, stolen, or accidentally destroyed CITES document are reasonable.
              (ii) If the shipment has already been made, the wildlife or plant was legally exported or re-exported, and the Management Authority of the importing country has indicated it will accept the replacement CITES document.
              (iii) The specimens were presented to the appropriate official for inspection at the time of import and a request for a replacement CITES document was made at that time.
              (2) For acceptance of foreign CITES replacement documents in the United States, you must provide sufficient information for us to find that your proposed activity meets all of the following criteria:
              (i) The specimens were presented to the appropriate official for inspection at the time of import and a request for a replacement CITES document was made at that time.
              (ii) The importer or the importer's agent submitted a signed, dated, and notarized statement at the time of import that describes the circumstances that resulted in the CITES document being lost, damaged, stolen, or accidentally destroyed.
              (iii) The importer or the importer's agent provided a copy of the original lost, stolen, or accidentally destroyed document at the time of import showing that the document met the requirements in §§ 23.23, 23.24, and 23.25.
              (e) U.S. standard conditions. In addition to the conditions in § 23.56, the following conditions apply:
              (1) If the original CITES document is found, you must return it to the U.S. Management Authority.
              (2) A CITES document issued for a shipment that has already occurred does not require validation.
              (f) Validation. For an export or re-export that has not left the United States, follow the procedures in § 23.27. If the shipment has left the United States and is in a foreign country, submit the unvalidated replacement CITES document to the appropriate foreign authorities. We will not validate the replacement CITES document for a shipment that has already been shipped to a foreign country. We do not require validation on replacement documents issued by foreign Management Authorities.
              [72 FR 48448, Aug. 23, 2007, as amended at 79 FR 30426, May 27, 2014]

              § 23.53
              What are the requirements for obtaining a retrospective CITES document?
              (a) Retrospective CITES documents may be issued and accepted in certain limited situations after an export or re-export has occurred, but before the shipment is cleared for import. When specific conditions are met, a retrospective CITES document may be issued to authorize trade that has taken place without a CITES document or to correct certain technical errors in a CITES document after the authorized activity has occurred.
              (b) U.S. and foreign general provisions. The following provisions apply to the issuance and acceptance of a retrospective CITES document:
              (1) A retrospective document may not be issued for Appendix-I specimens except for certain specimens for personal use as specified in paragraph (d)(7) of this section.
              (2) The exporter or re-exporter must notify the Management Authority in the exporting or re-exporting country of the irregularities that have occurred.
              (3) A retrospective document may be one of the following:
              (i) An amended CITES document where it can be shown that the issuing Management Authority made a technical error that was not prompted by the applicant.
              (ii) A newly issued CITES document where it can be shown that the applicant was misinformed by CITES officials or the circumstances in (d)(7) of this section apply and a shipment has occurred without a document.
              (4) Retrospective documents can only be issued after consultation between the Management Authorities in both the exporting or re-exporting country and the importing country, including a thorough investigation of circumstances and agreement between them that criteria in paragraph (d) of this section have been met.
              (5) The issuing Management Authority must provide all of the following information on any retrospective CITES document:
              (i) A statement that it was issued retrospectively.
              (ii) A statement specifying the reason for the issuance.
              (iii) In the case of a document issued for personal use, a condition restricting sale of the specimen within 6 months following the import of the specimen.
              (6) The issuing Management Authority must send a copy of the retrospective CITES document to the Secretariat.
              (7) In general, except when the exporter or re-exporter and importer have demonstrated they were not responsible for the irregularities, any person who has been issued a CITES document in the past will not be eligible to receive a retrospective document.
              (8) In the United States, you may not use a U.S. CITES document issued under a CITES master file or CITES annual program as a retrospective CITES document.
              (c) U.S. application. Complete application Form 3-200-58 and submit it to the U.S. Management Authority. In addition, submit one of the following:
              (1) For a shipment that occurred under a document containing a technical error, the faulty CITES document.
              (2) For a shipment that occurred without a CITES document, a completed application form for the type of activity you conducted (see §§ 23.18 through 23.20).
              (d) Criteria. The criteria in this paragraph (d) apply to the issuance and acceptance of U.S. and foreign documents. When applying for a U.S. document, you must provide sufficient information for us to find that your activity meets all of the following criteria:

              (1) The specimens were exported or re-exported without a CITES document or with a CITES document that contained technical errors as provided in paragraph (d)(6)(ii) of this section.
              (2) The specimens were presented to the appropriate official for inspection at the time of import and a request for a retrospective CITES document was made at that time.
              (3) The export or re-export and import of the specimens was otherwise in compliance with CITES and the relevant national legislation of the countries involved.
              (4) The importing Management Authority has agreed to accept the retrospectively issued CITES document.
              (5) The specimens must be Appendix-II or -III wildlife or plants, except as provided in paragraph (d)(7) of this section.
              (6) Except as provided in paragraph (d)(7) of this section, the exporter or re-exporter and importer were not responsible for the irregularities that occurred and have demonstrated one of the following:
              (i) The Management Authority or officials designated to clear CITES shipments misinformed the exporter or re-exporter or the importer about the CITES requirements. In the United States, this would be an employee of the FWS (for any species) or APHIS or CBP (for plants).
              (ii) The Management Authority made a technical error when issuing the CITES document that was not prompted by information provided by the applicant.
              (7) In the case of specimens for personal use, you must either show that you qualify under paragraph (d)(6) of this section, or that a genuine error was made and that there was no attempt to deceive. The following specimens for personal use may qualify for issuance of a retrospective document:
              (i) Personal or household effects as defined in § 23.5.
              (ii) Live Appendix-II or -III specimens or live pre-Convention Appendix-I specimens that you own for your personal use, accompanied you, and number no more than two.
              (iii) Parts, products, or derivatives of an Appendix-I species that qualify as pre-Convention when the following conditions are met:
              (A) You own and possess the specimen for personal use.
              (B) You either wore the specimen as clothing or an accessory or took it as part of your personal baggage, which was carried by you or checked as baggage on the same plane, boat, car, or train as you.
              (C) The quantity is reasonably necessary or appropriate for the nature of your trip or stay.
              (e) U.S. standard conditions. In addition to the conditions in § 23.56, the following condition applies: A CITES document issued for a shipment that has already occurred does not require validation.
              (f) Validation. Submit the original unvalidated retrospective CITES document to the appropriate foreign authority. We will not validate the retrospective CITES document for a shipment that has already been shipped to a foreign country, and we do not require validation on retrospective documents issued by foreign Management Authorities.
              [72 FR 48448, Aug. 23, 2007, as amended at 79 FR 30426, May 27, 2014]

              § 23.54
              How long is a U.S. or foreign CITES document valid?
              (a) Purpose. Article VI(2) of the Treaty sets the time period within which an export permit is valid. Validity periods for other CITES documents are prescribed in this section.
              (b) Period of validity. CITES documents are valid only if presented for import or introduction from the sea within the period of validity (before midnight on the expiration date) noted on the face of the document.
              (1) An export permit and re-export certificate will be valid for no longer than 6 months from the issuance date.
              (2) An import permit, introduction-from-the-sea certificate, and certificate of origin will be valid for no longer than 12 months from the issuance date.
              (3) A traveling-exhibition certificate and certificate of ownership will be valid for no longer than 3 years from the issuance date.

              (4) Other CITES documents will state the period of their validity, but no U.S. CITES document will be valid for longer than 3 years from the issuance date.
              (c) Extension of validity. The validity of a CITES document may not be extended beyond the expiration date on the face of the document, except under limited circumstances for certain timber species as outlined in § 23.73.

              § 23.55
              How may I use a CITES specimen after import into the United States?
              In addition to the provisions in § 23.3, you may only use CITES specimens after import into the United States for the following purposes:

                  If the species is listed in
                  Allowed use within the United States

                  (a) Appendix I, except for specimens imported with a CITES exemption document listed in paragraph (d) of this section.(b) Appendix II with an annotation for noncommercial purposes where other specimens of that species are treated as if listed in Appendix I.
                    (c) Appendix II without an annotation for noncommercial purposes, or Appendix III, and threatened under the ESA, except as provided in a special rule in §§ 17.40 through 17.48 or under a permit granted under §§ 17.32 or 17.52

                  The specimen may be used only for noncommercial purposes (see § 23.5).
                      Exception:

                    If the specimen was lawfully imported, with no restrictions on its use after import, before the species was listed as described in paragraphs (a), (b), or (c) of this section, you may continue to use the specimen as indicated for paragraphs (d), (e) and (f) of this section provided you can clearly demonstrate (using written records or other documentary evidence) that your specimen was imported prior to the CITES listing, with no restrictions on its use after import. If you are unable to clearly demonstrate that this exception applies, the specimen may be used only for noncommercial purposes.

                  (d) Appendix I, and imported with a CITES exemption document as follows:(1) U.S-issued certificate for personally owned wildlife.
                    (2) Pre-Convention certificate.
                    (3) Export permit or re-export certificate for wildlife from a registered commercial breeding operation.
                    (4) Export permit or re-export certificate for a plant from a registered nursery or under a permit with a source code of “D.”
                    (5) Certificate for artificially propagated plants with a source code of “A” for artificially propagated hybrid specimens derived from one or more unannotated Appendix-I species or other taxa.
                    (6) U.S.-issued traveling-exhibition certificate.
                    (e) Appendix II, other than those in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section.
                    (f) Appendix III, other than those in paragraph (c) of this section.

                  The specimen may be used for any lawful purpose, except if the regulations in this part or other parts of this subchapter or a permit condition allowed the import only for noncommercial purposes, then the import and subsequent use must be only for noncommercial purposes.

              [72 FR 48448, Aug. 23, 2007, as amended at 79 FR 30426, May 27, 2014]

              § 23.56
              What U.S. CITES document conditions do I need to follow?
              (a) General conditions. The following general conditions apply to all U.S. CITES documents:
              (1) You must comply with the provisions of part 13 of this subchapter as conditions of the document, as well as other applicable regulations in this subchapter, including, but not limited to, any that require permits. You must comply with all applicable local, State, Federal, tribal, and foreign wildlife or plant conservation laws.

              (2) For export and re-export of live wildlife and plants, transport conditions must comply with the International Air Transport Association Live Animals Regulations (for animals) or the International Air Transport Association Perishable Cargo Regulations (for plants) (incorporated by reference, see § 23.9).
              (3) You must return the original CITES document to the issuing office if you do not use it, it expires, or you request renewal or amendment.

              (4) When appropriate, a Management Authority may require that you identify Appendix-II and -III wildlife or plants with a mark. All live Appendix-I wildlife must be securely marked or uniquely identified. Such mark or identification must be made in a way that the border official can verify that the specimen and CITES document correspond. If a microchip is used, we may, if necessary, ask the importer, exporter, or re-exporter to have equipment on hand to read the microchip at the time of import, export, or re-export.
              (b) Standard conditions. You must comply with the standard conditions provided in this part for specific types of CITES documents.
              (c) Special conditions. We may place special conditions on a CITES document based on the needs of the species or the proposed activity. You must comply with any special conditions contained in or attached to a CITES document.
              [72 FR 48448, Aug. 23, 2007, as amended at 79 FR 30426, May 27, 2014]

            Subpart D—Factors Considered in Making Certain Findings

              § 23.60
              What factors are considered in making a legal acquisition finding?
              (a) Purpose. Articles III, IV, and V of the Treaty require a Management Authority to make a legal acquisition finding before issuing export permits and re-export certificates. The Parties have agreed that a legal acquisition finding must also be made before issuing certain CITES exemption documents.
              (b) Types of legal acquisition. Legal acquisition refers to whether the specimen and its parental stock were:
              (1) Obtained in accordance with the provisions of national laws for the protection of wildlife and plants. In the United States, these laws include all applicable local, State, Federal, tribal, and foreign laws; and
              (2) If previously traded, traded internationally in accordance with the provisions of CITES.
              (c) How we make our findings. We make a finding that a specimen was legally acquired in the following way:
              (1) The applicant must provide sufficient information (see § 23.34) for us to make a legal acquisition finding.
              (2) We make this finding after considering all available information.
              (3) The amount of information we need to make the finding is based on our review of general factors described in paragraph (d) of this section and additional specific factors described in paragraphs (e) through (k) of this section.
              (4) As necessary, we consult with foreign Management and Scientific Authorities, the CITES Secretariat, State conservation agencies, Tribes, FWS Law Enforcement, APHIS or CBP, and other appropriate experts.
              (d) Risk assessment. We review the general factors listed in this paragraph and additional specific factors in paragraphs (e) through (k) of this section to assess the level of scrutiny and amount of information we need to make a finding of legal acquisition. We give less scrutiny and require less-detailed information when there is a low risk that specimens to be exported or re-exported were not legally acquired, and give more scrutiny and require more detailed information when the proposed activity poses greater risk. We consider the cumulative risks, recognizing that each aspect of the international trade has a continuum of risk from high to low associated with it as follows:
              (1) Status of the species: From Appendix I to Appendix III.
              (2) Origin of the specimen: From wild-collected to born or propagated in a controlled environment to bred in captivity or artificially propagated.
              (3) Source of the propagule used to grow the plant: From documentation that the plant was grown from a non-exempt seed or seedling to documentation that the plant was grown from an exempt seed or seedling.
              (4) Origin of the species: From species native to the United States or its bordering countries of Mexico or Canada to nonnative species from other countries.
              (5) Volume of illegal trade: From high to low occurrence of illegal trade.
              (6) Type of trade: From commercial to noncommercial.
              (7) Trade by range countries: From range countries that do not allow commercial export, or allow only limited noncommercial export of the species, to range countries that allow commercial export in high volumes.
              (8) Occurrence of the species in a controlled environment in the United States: From uncommon to common in a controlled environment in the United States.

              (9) Ability of the species to be bred or propagated readily in a controlled environment: From no documentation that the species can be bred or propagated readily in a controlled environment to widely accepted information that the species is commonly bred or propagated.
              (10) Genetic status of the specimen: From a purebred species to a hybrid.
              (e) Captive-bred wildlife or a cultivated plant. For a specimen that is captive-bred or cultivated, we may consider whether the parental stock was legally acquired.
              (f) Confiscated specimen. For a confiscated Appendix-II or -III specimen, we consider whether information shows that the transfer of the confiscated specimen or its offspring met the conditions of the remission decision, legal settlement, or disposal action after forfeiture or abandonment.
              (g) Donated specimen of unknown origin. For an unsolicited specimen of unknown origin donated to a public institution (see § 10.12 of this subchapter), we consider whether:
              (1) The public institution follows standard recordkeeping practices and has made reasonable efforts to obtain supporting information on the origin of the specimen.
              (2) The public institution provides sufficient information to show it made a reasonable effort to find a suitable recipient in the United States.
              (3) The export will provide a conservation benefit to the species.
              (4) No persuasive information exists on illegal transactions involving the specimen.
              (5) The export is noncommercial, with no money or barter exchanged except for shipping costs.
              (6) The institution has no history of receiving a series of rare and valuable specimens or a large quantity of wildlife or plants of unknown origin.
              (h) Imported previously. For a specimen that was previously imported into the United States, we consider any reliable, relevant information we receive concerning the validity of a CITES document, regardless of whether the shipment was cleared by FWS, APHIS, or CBP.
              (i) Personal use. For a wildlife or plant specimen that is being exported or re-exported for personal use by the applicant, we consider whether:
              (1) The specimen was acquired in the United States and possessed for strictly personal use.
              (2) The number of specimens is reasonably appropriate for the nature of your export or re-export as personal use.
              (3) No persuasive evidence exists on illegal transactions involving the specimen.
              (j) Sequential ownership. For a specimen that was previously possessed by someone other than the applicant, we may consider the history of ownership for a specimen and its parental stock, breeding stock, or cultivated parental stock.
              (k) Wild-collected in the United States. For a specimen collected from the wild in the United States, we consider the site where the specimen was collected, whether the species is known to occur at that site, the abundance of the species at that site, and, if necessary, whether permission of the appropriate management agency or landowner was obtained to collect the specimen.

              § 23.61
              What factors are considered in making a non-detriment finding?
              (a) Purpose. Articles III and IV of the Treaty require that, before we issue a CITES document, we find that a proposed export or introduction from the sea of Appendix-I or -II specimens is not detrimental to the survival of the species and that a proposed import of an Appendix-I specimen is for purposes that would not be detrimental to the survival of the species.
              (b) Types of detriment. Detrimental activities, depending on the species, could include, among other things, unsustainable use and any activities that would pose a net harm to the status of the species in the wild. For Appendix-I species, it also includes use or removal from the wild that results in habitat loss or destruction, interference with recovery efforts for a species, or stimulation of further trade.
              (c) General factors. The applicant must provide sufficient information for us to make a finding of non-detriment. In addition to factors in paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section, we will consider whether:

              (1) Biological and management information demonstrates that the proposed activity represents sustainable use.
              (2) The removal of the animal or plant from the wild is part of a biologically based sustainable-use management plan that is designed to eliminate over-utilization of the species.
              (3) If no sustainable-use management plan has been established, the removal of the animal or plant from the wild would not contribute to the over-utilization of the species, considering both domestic and international uses.
              (4) The proposed activity, including the methods used to acquire the specimen, would pose no net harm to the status of the species in the wild.
              (5) The proposed activity would not lead to long-term declines that would place the viability of the affected population in question.
              (6) The proposed activity would not lead to significant habitat or range loss or restriction.
              (d) Additional factor for Appendix-II species. In addition to the general factors in paragraph (c) of this section, we will consider whether the intended export of an Appendix-II species would cause a significant risk that the species would qualify for inclusion in Appendix I.
              (e) Additional factors for Appendix-I species. In addition to the general factors in paragraph (c) of this section, we will consider whether the proposed activity:
              (1) Would not cause an increased risk of extinction for either the species as a whole or the population from which the specimen was obtained.
              (2) Would not interfere with the recovery of the species.
              (3) Would not stimulate additional trade in the species. If the proposed activity does stimulate trade, we will consider whether the anticipated increase in trade would lead to the decline of the species.
              (f) How we make our findings. We base the non-detriment finding on the best available biological information. We also consider trade information, including trade demand, and other scientific management information. We make a non-detriment finding in the following way:
              (1) We consult with the States, Tribes, other Federal agencies, scientists, other experts, and the range countries of the species.
              (2) We consult with the Secretariat and other Parties to monitor the level of trade that is occurring in the species.
              (3) Based on the factors in paragraphs (c) through (e) of this section, we evaluate the biological impact of the proposed activity.
              (4) In cases where insufficient information is available or the factors above are not satisfactorily addressed, we take precautionary measures and would be unable to make the required finding of non-detriment.
              (g) Risk assessment. We review the status of the species in the wild and the degree of risk the proposed activity poses to the species to determine the level of scrutiny needed to make a finding. We give greater scrutiny and require more detailed information for activities that pose a greater risk to a species in the wild. We consider the cumulative risks, recognizing that each aspect of international trade has a continuum of risk (from high to low) associated with it as follows:
              (1) Status of the species: From Appendix I to Appendix II.
              (2) Origin of the specimen: From wild-collected to born or propagated in a controlled environment to bred in captivity or artificially propagated.
              (3) Source of the propagule used to grow the plant: From documentation that the plant was grown from a non-exempt seed or seedling to documentation that the plant was grown from an exempt seed or seedling.
              (4) Origin of the species: From native species to nonnative species.
              (5) Volume of legal trade: From high to low occurrence of legal trade.
              (6) Volume of illegal trade: From high to low occurrence of illegal trade.
              (7) Type of trade: From commercial to noncommercial.
              (8) Genetic status of the specimen: From a purebred species to a hybrid.
              (9) Risk of disease transmission: From high to limited risk of disease transmission.
              (10) Basis for listing: From listed under Article II(1) or II(2)(a) of the Treaty to listed under Article II(2)(b).

              (h) Quotas for Appendix-I species. When an export quota has been set by the CoP for an Appendix-I species, we will consider the scientific and management basis of the quota together with the best available biological information when we make our non-detriment finding. We will contact the Scientific and Management Authorities of the exporting country for further information if needed.

              § 23.62
              What factors are considered in making a finding of not for primarily commercial purposes?
              (a) Purpose. Under Article III(3(c)) and (5(c)) of the Treaty, an import permit or an introduction-from-the-sea certificate for Appendix-I species can be issued only if the Management Authority is satisfied that the specimen is not to be used for primarily commercial purposes. Trade in Appendix-I species must be subject to particularly strict regulation and authorized only in exceptional circumstances.
              (b) How we make our findings. We must find that the intended use of the Appendix-I specimen is not for primarily commercial purposes before we can issue a CITES document.
              (1) We will make this decision on a case-by-case basis considering all available information.
              (2) The applicant must provide sufficient information to satisfy us that the intended use is not for primarily commercial purposes.
              (3) The definitions of “commercial” and “primarily commercial purposes” in § 23.5 apply.
              (4) We will look at all aspects of the intended use of the specimen. If the noncommercial aspects do not clearly predominate, we will consider the import or introduction from the sea to be for primarily commercial purposes.
              (5) While the nature of the transaction between the owner in the country of export and the recipient in the country of import or introduction from the sea may have some commercial aspects, such as the exchange of money to cover the costs of shipment and care of specimens during transport, it is the intended use of the specimen, including the purpose of the export, that must not be for primarily commercial purposes.
              (6) We will conduct an assessment of factors listed in paragraph (d) of this section. For activities involving an anticipated measurable increase in revenue and other economic value associated with the intended use, we will conduct an analysis as described in paragraph (e) of this section.
              (7) All net profits generated in the United States from activities associated with the import of an Appendix-I species must be used for conservation of that species.
              (c) Examples. The following are examples of types of transactions in which the noncommercial aspects of the intended use of the specimen may predominate depending on the facts of each situation. The discussions of each example provide further guidance in assessing the actual degree of commerciality on a case-by-case basis. These examples outline circumstances commonly encountered and do not cover all situations where import or introduction from the sea could be found to be not for primarily commercial purposes.
              (1) Personal use. Import or introduction from the sea of an Appendix-I specimen for personal use generally is considered to be not for primarily commercial purposes. An example is the import of a personal sport-hunted trophy by the person who hunted the wildlife for display in his or her own home.
              (2) Scientific purposes. The import or introduction from the sea of an Appendix-I specimen by a scientist or scientific institution may be permitted in situations where resale, commercial exchange, or exhibit of the specimen for economic benefit is not the primary intended use.
              (3) Conservation, education, or training. Generally an Appendix-I specimen may be imported or introduced from the sea by government agencies or nonprofit institutions for purposes of conservation, education, or training. For example, a specimen could be imported or introduced from the sea primarily to train customs staff in effective CITES control, such as for identification of certain types of specimens.
              (4) Biomedical industry. Import or introduction from the sea of an Appendix-I specimen by an institution or company in the biomedical industry is initially presumed to be commercial since specimens are typically imported or introduced from the sea to develop and sell products that promote public health for profit. However, if the importer clearly shows that the sale of products is only incidental to public health research and not for the primary purpose of economic benefit or profit, then such an import or introduction from the sea could be considered as scientific research under paragraph (c)(2) of this section if the principles of paragraph (b) of this section are met.
              (5) Captive-breeding or artificial propagation programs. The import of an Appendix-I specimen for purposes of establishing a commercial operation for breeding or artificial propagation is considered to be for primarily commercial purposes. As a general rule, import or introduction from the sea of an Appendix-I specimen for a captive-breeding or artificial propagation program must have as a priority the long-term protection and recovery of the species in the wild. The captive-breeding or artificial propagation program must be part of a program aimed at the recovery of the species in the wild and be undertaken with the support of a country within the species' native range. Any profit gained must be used to support this recovery program. If a captive-breeding or artificial propagation operation plans to sell surplus specimens to help offset the costs of its program, import or introduction from the sea would be allowed only if any profit would be used to support the captive-breeding or artificial propagation program to the benefit of the Appendix-I species, not for the personal economic benefit of a private individual or share-holder.
              (6) Professional dealers. Import or introduction from the sea by a professional dealer who states a general intention to eventually sell the specimen or its offspring to an undetermined recipient would be considered to be for primarily commercial purposes. However, import or introduction from the sea through a professional dealer by a qualified applicant may be acceptable if the ultimate intended use would be for one of the purposes set out in paragraphs (c)(2), (3), and (5) of this section and where a binding contract, conditioned on the issuing of permits, is in place.
              (d) Risk assessment. We review the factors listed in this paragraph (d) to assess the level of scrutiny and amount of information we need to make a finding of whether the intended use of the specimen is not for primarily commercial purposes. We give less scrutiny and require less detailed information when the import or introduction from the sea poses a low risk of being primarily commercial, and give more scrutiny and require more detailed information when the proposed activity poses greater risk. We consider the cumulative risks, recognizing that each aspect of the international trade has a continuum of risk from high to low associated with it as follows:
              (1) Type of importer: From for-profit entity to private individual to nonprofit entity.
              (2) Ability of the proposed uses to generate revenue: From the ability to generate measurable increases in revenue or other economic value to no anticipated increases in revenue or other economic value.
              (3) Appeal of the species: From high public appeal to low public appeal.
              (4) Occurrence of the species in the United States: From uncommon to common in a controlled environment in the United States.
              (5) Intended use of offspring: From commercial to noncommercial.
              (e) Analysis of anticipated revenues and other economic value. We will analyze revenues and other economic value anticipated to result from the use of the specimen for activities with a high risk of being primarily commercial.
              (1) We will examine the proposed use of any net profits generated in the United States. We consider net profit to include all funds or other valuable considerations (including enhanced value of common stock shares) received or attained by you or those affiliated with you as a result of the import or introduction from the sea, to the extent that such funds or other valuable considerations exceed the reasonable expenses that are properly attributable to the proposed activity.

              (2) We will consider any conservation project to be funded and, if the species was or is to be taken from the wild, how the project benefits the species in its native range, including agreements, timeframes for accomplishing tasks, and anticipated benefits to the species.
              (3) We will consider any plans to monitor a proposed conservation project, including expenditure of funds or completion of tasks.
              (4) In rare cases involving unusually high net profits, we will require the applicant to provide a detailed analysis of expected revenue (both direct and indirect) and expenses to show anticipated net profit, and a statement from a licensed, independent certified public accountant that the internal accounting system is sufficient to account for and track funds generated by the proposed activities.

              § 23.63
              What factors are considered in making a finding that an animal is bred in captivity?
              (a) Purpose. Article VII(4) and (5) of the Treaty provide exemptions that allow for the special treatment of wildlife that was bred in captivity (see §§ 23.41 and 23.46).
              (b) Definitions. The following terms apply when determining whether specimens qualify as “bred in captivity”:
              (1) A controlled environment means one that is actively manipulated for the purpose of producing specimens of a particular species; that has boundaries designed to prevent specimens, including eggs or gametes, from entering or leaving the controlled environment; and has general characteristics that may include artificial housing, waste removal, provision of veterinary care, protection from predators, and artificially supplied food.
              (2) Breeding stock means an ensemble of captive wildlife used for reproduction.
              (c) Bred-in-captivity criteria. For a specimen to qualify as bred in captivity, we must be satisfied that all the following criteria are met:
              (1) If reproduction is sexual, the specimen was born to parents that either mated or transferred gametes in a controlled environment.
              (2) If reproduction is asexual, the parent was in a controlled environment when development of the offspring began.
              (3) The breeding stock meets all of the following criteria:
              (i) Was established in accordance with the provisions of CITES and relevant national laws.
              (ii) Was established in a manner not detrimental to the survival of the species in the wild.
              (iii) Is maintained with only occasional introduction of wild specimens as provided in paragraph (d) of this section.
              (iv) Has consistently produced offspring of second or subsequent generations in a controlled environment, or is managed in a way that has been demonstrated to be capable of reliably producing second-generation offspring and has produced first-generation offspring.
              (d) Addition of wild specimens. A very limited number of wild specimens (including eggs or gametes) may be introduced into a breeding stock if all of the following conditions are met (for Appendix-I specimens see also § 23.46(b)(12)):
              (1) The specimens were acquired in accordance with the provisions of CITES and relevant national laws.
              (2) The specimens were acquired in a manner not detrimental to the survival of the species in the wild.
              (3) The specimens were added either to prevent or alleviate deleterious inbreeding, with the number of specimens added as determined by the need for new genetic material, or to dispose of confiscated animals.

              § 23.64
              What factors are considered in making a finding that a plant is artificially propagated?
              (a) Purpose. Article VII(4) and (5) of the Treaty provide exemptions that allow for special treatment of plants that were artificially propagated (see §§ 23.40 and 23.47).
              (b) Definitions. The following terms apply when determining whether specimens qualify as “artificially propagated”:
              (1) Controlled conditions means a nonnatural environment that is intensively manipulated by human intervention for the purpose of plant production. General characteristics of controlled conditions may include, but are not limited to, tillage, fertilization, weed and pest control, irrigation, or nursery operations such as potting, bedding, or protection from weather.
              (2) Cultivated parental stock means the ensemble of plants grown under controlled conditions that are used for reproduction.
              (c) Artificially propagated criteria. Except as provided in paragraphs (f) and (g) of this section, for a plant specimen to qualify as artificially propagated, we must be satisfied that the plant specimen was grown under controlled conditions from a seed, cutting, division, callus tissue, other plant tissue, spore, or other propagule that either is exempt from the provisions of CITES or has been derived from cultivated parental stock. The cultivated parental stock must meet all of the following criteria:
              (1) Was established in accordance with the provisions of CITES and relevant national laws.
              (2) Was established in a manner not detrimental to the survival of the species in the wild.
              (3) Is maintained in sufficient quantities for propagation so as to minimize or eliminate the need for augmentation from the wild, with such augmentation occurring only as an exception and limited to the amount necessary to maintain the vigor and productivity of the cultivated parental stock.
              (d) Cutting or division. A plant grown from a cutting or division is considered to be artificially propagated only if the traded specimen does not contain any material collected from the wild.
              (e) Grafted plant. A grafted plant is artificially propagated only when both the rootstock and the material grafted to it have been taken from specimens that were artificially propagated in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section. A grafted specimen that consists of taxa from different Appendices is treated as a specimen of the taxon listed in the more restrictive Appendix.
              (f) Timber. Timber taken from trees planted and grown in a monospecific plantation is considered artificially propagated if the seeds or other propagules from which the trees are grown were legally acquired and obtained in a non-detrimental manner.
              (g) Exception for certain plant specimens grown from wild-collected seeds or spores. Plant specimens grown from wild-collected seeds or spores may be considered artificially propagated only when all of the following conditions have been met:
              (1) Establishment of a cultivated parental stock for the taxon presents significant difficulties because specimens take a long time to reach reproductive age.
              (2) The seeds or spores are collected from the wild and grown under controlled conditions within a range country, which must also be the country of origin of the seeds or spores.
              (3) The Management Authority of the range country has determined that the collection of seeds or spores was legal and consistent with relevant national laws for the protection and conservation of the species.
              (4) The Scientific Authority of the range country has determined that collection of the seeds or spores was not detrimental to the survival of the species in the wild, and allowing trade in such specimens has a positive effect on the conservation of wild populations. In making these determinations, all of the following conditions must be met:
              (i) The collection of seeds or spores for this purpose must be limited in such a manner as to allow regeneration of the wild population.
              (ii) A portion of the plants produced must be used to establish plantations to serve as cultivated parental stock in the future and become an additional source of seeds or spores and thus reduce or eliminate the need to collect seeds or spores from the wild.
              (iii) A portion of the plants produced must be used for replanting in the wild, to enhance recovery of existing populations or to re-establish populations that have been extirpated.
              (5) Operations propagating Appendix-I species for commercial purposes must be registered with the CITES Secretariat in accordance with the Guidelines for the registration of nurseries exporting artificially propagated specimens of Appendix-I species.
              [72 FR 48448, Aug. 23, 2007, as amended at 79 FR 30426, May 27, 2014]

              § 23.65
              What factors are considered in making a finding that an applicant is suitably equipped to house and care for a live specimen?
              (a) Purpose. Under Article III(3)(b) and (5)(b) of the Treaty, an import permit or introduction-from-the-sea certificate for live Appendix-I specimens can be issued only if we are satisfied that the recipients are suitably equipped to house and care for them.
              (b) General principles. We will follow these general principles in making a decision on whether an applicant has facilities that would provide proper housing to maintain the specimens for the intended purpose and the expertise to provide proper care and husbandry or horticultural practices.
              (1) All persons who would be receiving a specimen must be identified in an application and their facilities approved by us, including persons who are likely to receive a specimen within 1 year after it arrives in the United States.
              (2) The applicant must provide sufficient information for us to make a finding, including, but not limited to, a description of the facility, photographs, or construction plans, and resumes of the recipient or staff who will care for the specimen.
              (3) We use the best available information on the requirements of the species in making a decision and will consult with experts and other Federal and State agencies, as necessary and appropriate.
              (4) The degree of scrutiny that we give an application is based on the biological and husbandry or horticultural needs of the species.
              (c) Specific factors considered for wildlife. In addition to the general provisions in paragraph (e) of this section, we consider the following factors in evaluating suitable housing and care for wildlife:
              (1) Enclosures constructed and maintained so as to provide sufficient space to allow each animal to make normal postural and social adjustments with adequate freedom of movement. Inadequate space may be indicated by evidence of malnutrition, poor condition, debility, stress, or abnormal behavior patterns.
              (2) Appropriate forms of environmental enrichment, such as nesting material, perches, climbing apparatus, ground substrate, or other species-specific materials or objects.
              (3) If the wildlife is on public display, an off-exhibit area, consisting of indoor and outdoor accommodations, as appropriate, that can house the wildlife on a long-term basis if necessary.
              (4) Provision of water and nutritious food of a nature and in a way that are appropriate for the species.
              (5) Staff who are trained and experienced in providing proper daily care and maintenance for the species being imported or introduced from the sea, or for a closely related species.
              (6) Readily available veterinary care or veterinary staff experienced with the species or a closely related species, including emergency care.
              (d) Specific factors considered for plants. In addition to the general provisions in paragraph (e) of the section, we consider the following factors in evaluating suitable housing and care for plants:
              (1) Sufficient space, appropriate lighting, and other environmental conditions that will ensure proper growth.
              (2) Ability to provide appropriate culture, such as water, fertilizer, and pest and disease control.
              (3) Staff with experience with the imported species or related species with similar horticultural requirements.
              (e) General factors considered for wildlife and plants. In addition to the specific provisions in paragraphs (c) or (d) of this section, we will consider the following factors in evaluating suitable housing and care for wildlife and plants:
              (1) Adequate enclosures or holding areas to prevent escape or unplanned exchange of genetic material with specimens of the same or different species outside the facility.
              (2) Appropriate security to prevent theft of specimens and measures taken to rectify any previous theft or security problem.

              (3) A reasonable survival rate of specimens of the same species or, alternatively, closely related species at the facility, mortalities for the previous 3 years, significant injuries to wildlife or damage to plants, occurrence of significant disease outbreaks during the previous 3 years, and measures taken to prevent similar mortalities, injuries, damage, or diseases. Significant injuries, damage, or disease outbreaks are those that are permanently debilitating or re-occurring.
              (4) Sufficient funding on a long-term basis to cover the cost of maintaining the facility and the specimens imported.
              (f) Incomplete facilities or insufficient staff. For applications submitted to us before the facilities to hold the specimen are completed or the staff is identified or properly trained, we will:
              (1) Review all available information, including construction plans or intended staffing, and make a finding based on this information.
              (2) Place a condition on any permit that the import cannot occur until the facility has been completed or the staff hired and trained, and approved by us.

            Subpart E—International Trade in Certain Specimens

              § 23.68
              How can I trade internationally in roots of American ginseng?
              (a) U.S. and foreign general provisions. Whole plants and roots (whole, sliced, and parts, excluding manufactured parts, products, and derivatives, such as powders, pills, extracts, tonics, teas, and confectionery) of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius), whether wild or artificially propagated, are included in Appendix II. Cultivated American ginseng that does not meet the requirements of artificially propagated will be considered wild for export and re-export purposes. The import, export, or re-export of ginseng roots must meet the requirements of this section and other requirements of this part (see subparts B and C for prohibitions and application procedures). For specimens that were harvested from a State or Tribe without an approved CITES export program, see § 23.36 for export permits and § 23.37 for re-export certificates.
              (b) Export approval of State and tribal programs. States and Tribes set up and maintain ginseng management and harvest programs designed to monitor and protect American ginseng from over-harvest. When a State or Tribe with a management program provides us with the necessary information, we make programmatic findings and have specific requirements that allow export under CITES. For wild ginseng, a State or Tribe must provide sufficient information for us to determine that its management program and harvest controls are appropriate to ensure that ginseng harvested within its jurisdiction is legally acquired and that export will not be detrimental to the survival of the species in the wild. For artificially propagated ginseng, a State or Tribe must provide sufficient information for us to determine that ginseng grown within its jurisdiction meets the definition of artificially propagated and the State or Tribe must have procedures in place to minimize the risk that the roots of wild-collected plants would be claimed as artificially propagated.
              (1) A State or Tribe seeking initial CITES export program approval for wild or artificially propagated American ginseng must submit the following information on the adoption and implementation of regulatory measures to the U.S. Management Authority:
              (i) Laws or regulations mandating licensing or registration of persons buying and selling ginseng in that State or on tribal lands.
              (ii) A requirement that ginseng dealers maintain records and provide copies of those records to the appropriate State or tribal management agency upon request. Dealer records must contain: the name and address of the ginseng seller, date of transaction, whether the ginseng is wild or artificially propagated and dried or green at time of transaction, weight of roots, State or Tribe of origin of roots, and identification numbers of the State or tribal certificates used to ship ginseng from the State or Tribe of origin.

              (iii) A requirement that State or tribal personnel will inspect roots, ensure legal harvest, and have the ability to determine the age of roots of all wild-collected ginseng harvested in the State or on tribal lands. State or tribal personnel may accept a declaration statement by the licensed or registered dealer or grower that the ginseng roots are artificially propagated.

              (iv) A requirement that State or tribal personnel will weigh ginseng roots unsold by March 31 of the year after harvest and give a weight receipt to the owner of the roots. Future export certification of this stock must be issued against the weight receipt.
              (v) A requirement that State or tribal personnel will issue certificates for wild and artificially propagated ginseng. These certificates must contain at a minimum:
              (A) State of origin.
              (B) Serial number of certificate.
              (C) Dealer's State or tribal license or registration number.
              (D) Dealer's shipment number for that harvest season.
              (E) Year of harvest of ginseng being certified.
              (F) Designation as wild or artificially propagated.
              (G) Designation as dried or fresh (green) roots.
              (H) Weight of roots.
              (I) Statement of State or tribal certifying official verifying that the ginseng was obtained in that State or on those tribal lands in accordance with all relevant laws for that harvest year.
              (J) Name and title of State or tribal certifying official.
              (2) In addition, a State or Tribe seeking initial CITES export program approval for wild American ginseng must submit the following information to the U.S. Management Authority:
              (i) An assessment of the condition of the population and trends, including a description of the types of information on which the assessment is based, such as an analysis of population demographics; population models; or analysis of past harvest levels or indices of abundance independent of harvest information, such as field surveys.
              (ii) Historic, present, and potential distribution of wild ginseng on a county-by-county basis.
              (iii) Phenology of ginseng, including flowering and fruiting periods.
              (iv) Habitat evaluation.
              (v) If available, copies of any ginseng management or monitoring plans or other relevant reports that the State or Tribe has prepared as part of its existing management program.
              (3) A State or Tribe with an approved CITES export program must complete Form 3-200-61 and submit it to the U.S. Management Authority by May 31 of each year to provide information on the previous harvest season.
              (c) U.S. application process. Application forms and a list of States and Tribes with approved ginseng programs can be obtained from our website or by contacting us (see § 23.7).
              (1) To export wild or artificially propagated ginseng harvested under an approved State or tribal program, complete Form 3-200-34 or Form 3-200-74 for additional single-use permits under an annual program file.
              (2) To export wild ginseng harvested from a State or Tribe that does not have an approved program, complete Form 3-200-32. To export artificially propagated ginseng from a State or Tribe that does not have an approved program, complete Form 3-200-33.
              (3) To re-export ginseng, complete Form 3-200-32.
              (4) For information on issuance criteria for CITES documents, see § 23.36 for export permits, § 23.37 for re-export certificates, and § 23.40 for certificates for artificially propagated plants.
              (d) Conditions for export. Upon export, roots must be accompanied by a State or tribal certificate containing the information specified in paragraph (b)(1)(v) of this section.

              § 23.69
              How can I trade internationally in fur skins and fur skin products of bobcat, river otter, Canada lynx, gray wolf, and brown bear harvested in the United States?
              (a) U.S. and foreign general provisions. For purposes of this section, CITES furbearers means bobcat (Lynx rufus), river otter (Lontra canadensis), Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis), gray wolf (Canis lupus), and brown bear (Ursus arctos) harvested in the United States . These species are included in Appendix II based on Article II(2)(b) of the Treaty (see § 23.89). The import, export, or re-export of fur skins and fur skin products must meet the requirements of this section and the other requirements of this part (see subparts B and C for prohibitions and application procedures). For specimens that were harvested from a State or Tribe without an approved CITES export program, see § 23.36 for export permits and § 23.37 for re-export certificates.

              (b) Export approval of State and tribal programs. States and Tribes set up and maintain management and harvest programs designed to monitor and protect CITES furbearers from over-harvest. When a State or Tribe with a management program provides us with the necessary information, we make programmatic findings and have specific requirements that allow export under CITES. A State or Tribe must provide sufficient information for us to determine that its management program and harvest controls are appropriate to ensure that CITES furbearers harvested within its jurisdiction are legally acquired and that export will not be detrimental to the survival of the species in the wild.
              (1) A State or Tribe seeking initial CITES export program approval must submit the following information to the U.S. Management Authority, except as provided in paragraph (b)(2) of this section:
              (i) An assessment of the condition of the population and a description of the types of information on which the assessment is based, such as an analysis of carcass demographics, population models, analysis of past harvest levels as a function of fur prices or trapper effort, or indices of abundance independent of harvest information, such as scent station surveys, archer surveys, camera traps, track or scat surveys, or road kill counts.
              (ii) Current harvest control measures, including laws regulating harvest seasons and methods.
              (iii) Total allowable harvest of the species.
              (iv) Distribution of harvest.
              (v) Indication of how frequently harvest levels are evaluated.
              (vi) Tagging or marking requirements for fur skins.
              (vii) Habitat evaluation.
              (viii) If available, copies of any furbearer management plans or other relevant reports that the State or Tribe has prepared as part of its existing management program.
              (2) If the U.S. Scientific Authority has made a range-wide non-detriment finding for a species, a State or Tribe seeking initial approval for a CITES export program for that species need only submit the information in (b)(1)(ii) and (vi) of this section.
              (3) A State or Tribe with an approved CITES export program must submit a CITES furbearer activity report to the U.S. Management Authority by October 31 of each year that provides information as to whether or not the population status or management of the species has changed within the State or tribal lands. This report may reference information provided in previous years if the information has not changed. Except as provided in paragraph (b)(4) of this section, a furbearer activity report should include, at a minimum, the following:
              (i) For each species, the number of specimens taken and the number of animals tagged, if different.
              (ii) An assessment of the condition of the population, including trends, and a description of the types of information on which the assessment is based. If population levels are decreasing, the activity report should include the State or Tribe's professional assessment of the reason for the decline and any steps being taken to address it.
              (iii) Information on, and a copy of, any changes in laws or regulations affecting these species.
              (iv) If available, copies of relevant reports that the State or Tribe has prepared during the year in question as part of its existing management programs for CITES furbearers.

              (4) When the U.S. Scientific Authority has made a range-wide non-detriment finding for a species, the annual furbearer activity report from a State or Tribe with an approved export program for that species should include, at a minimum, a statement indicating whether or not the status of the species has changed and the information in paragraph (b)(3)(iii) and (iv) of this section. Range-wide non-detriment findings will be re-evaluated at least every 5 years, or sooner if information indicates that there has been a change in the status or management of the species that might lead to different treatment of the species. When a range-wide non-detriment finding is re-evaluated, States and Tribes with an approved export program for the species must submit information that allows us to determine whether our finding remains valid.
              (c) CITES tags. Unless an alternative method has been approved, each CITES fur skin to be exported or re-exported must have a U.S. CITES tag permanently attached.
              (1) The tag must be inserted through the skin and permanently locked in place using the locking mechanism of the tag.
              (2) The legend on the CITES tag must include the US-CITES logo, an abbreviation for the State or Tribe of harvest, a standard species code assigned by the Management Authority, and a unique serial number.
              (3) Fur skins without a CITES tag permanently attached may not be exported or re-exported. If the CITES tag has been inadvertently removed, damaged, or lost you may obtain a replacement tag. To obtain a replacement tag, either from the State or Tribe that issued the original tag or from us, you must provide information to show that the fur was legally acquired.
              (i) When a tag is inadvertently removed, damaged, or lost, you may contact the State or Tribe of harvest for a replacement tag. If the State or Tribe cannot replace it, you may apply to FWS Law Enforcement for a replacement tag. If the tag has been inadvertently removed or damaged, you must give us the tag. If the tag is lost, you must provide details concerning how the tag was lost. If we are satisfied that the fur was legally acquired, we will provide a CITES replacement tag.
              (ii) A replacement tag must meet all of the requirements in paragraph (c) of this section, except the legend will include only the US-CITES logo, FWS-REPL, and a unique serial number.
              (4) Tags are not required on fur skin products.
              (d) Documentation requirements. The U.S. CITES export permit or an annex attached to the permit must contain all information that is given on the tag.
              (e) U.S. application process. Application forms and a list of States and Tribes with approved furbearer programs can be obtained from our website or by contacting us (see § 23.7).
              (1) To export fur skins taken under an approved State or tribal program, complete Form 3-200-26 and submit it to either FWS Law Enforcement or the U.S. Management Authority.
              (2) To export fur skins that were not harvested under an approved program or to export products made from fur skins, complete Form 3-200-27 and submit it to the U.S. Management Authority.
              (3) To re-export fur skins or products made from fur skins, complete Form 3-200-73 and submit it either to FWS Law Enforcement or the U.S. Management Authority.
              (4) For information on issuance criteria for CITES documents, see § 23.36 for export permits and § 23.37 for re-export certificates.
              (f) Conditions for export. Upon export, each fur skin, other than a fur skin product, must be clearly identified in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section.
              [72 FR 48448, Aug. 23, 2007, as amended at 79 FR 30426, May 27, 2014]

              § 23.70
              How can I trade internationally in American alligator and other crocodilian skins, parts, and products?
              (a) U.S. and foreign general provisions. For the purposes of this section, crocodilian means all species of alligator, caiman, crocodile, and gavial of the order Crocodylia. The import, export, or re-export of any crocodilian skins, parts, or products must meet the requirements of this section and the other requirements of this part (see subparts B and C for prohibitions and application procedures). For American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) specimens harvested from a State or Tribe without an approved CITES export program, see § 23.36 for export permits and § 23.37 for re-export certificates.
              (b) Definitions. Terms used in this section are defined as follows:
              (1) Crocodilian skins means whole or partial skins, flanks, chalecos, and bellies (including those that are salted, crusted, tanned, partially tanned, or otherwise processed), including skins of sport-hunted trophies.

              (2) Crocodilian parts means body parts with or without skin attached (including tails, throats, feet, meat, skulls, and other parts) and small cut skin pieces.
              (c) Export approval of State and tribal programs for American alligator. States and Tribes set up and maintain management and harvest programs designed to monitor and protect American alligators from over-harvest. When a State or Tribe with a management program provides us with the necessary information, we make programmatic findings and have specific requirements that allow export under CITES. A State or Tribe must provide sufficient information for us to determine that its management program and harvest controls are appropriate to ensure that alligators harvested within its jurisdiction are legally acquired and that the export will not be detrimental to the survival of the species in the wild.
              (1) A State or Tribe seeking initial CITES export program approval must submit the following to the U.S. Management Authority:
              (i) An assessment of the condition of the wild population and a description of the types of information on which the assessment is based, such as an analysis of carcass demographics, population models, analysis of past harvest levels as a function of skin prices or harvester effort, or indices of abundance independent of harvest information, such as nest surveys, spotlighting surveys, or nuisance complaints.
              (ii) Current harvest control measures, including laws regulating harvest seasons and methods.
              (iii) Total allowable harvest of the species.
              (iv) Distribution of harvest.
              (v) Indication of how frequently harvest levels are evaluated.
              (vi) Tagging or marking requirements for skins and parts.
              (vii) Habitat evaluation.
              (viii) Information on nuisance alligator management programs.
              (ix) Information on alligator farming programs, including whether collecting and rearing of eggs or hatchlings is allowed, what factors are used to set harvest levels, and whether any alligators are returned to the wild.
              (x) If available, copies of any alligator management plans or other relevant reports for American alligator that the State or Tribe has prepared as part of its existing management program.
              (2) A State or Tribe with an approved CITES export program must submit an American alligator activity report to the U.S. Management Authority by July 1 of each year to provide information regarding harvests during the previous year. This report may reference information provided in previous years if the information has not changed. An American alligator activity report, at a minimum, should include the following:
              (i) The total number of skins from wild or farmed alligators that were tagged by the State or Tribe.
              (ii) An assessment of the status of the alligator population with an indication of whether the population is stable, increasing, or decreasing, and at what rate (if known). If population levels are decreasing, activity reports should include the State or Tribe's professional assessment of the reason for the decline and any steps being taken to address it.
              (iii) For wild alligators, information on harvest, including harvest of nuisance alligators, methods used to determine harvest levels, demographics of the harvest, and methods used to determine the total number and population trends of alligators in the wild.
              (iv) For farmed alligators, information on whether collecting and rearing of eggs or hatchlings is allowed, what factors are used to set harvest levels, and whether any alligators are returned to the wild.
              (v) Information on, and a copy of, any changes in laws or regulations affecting the American alligator.
              (vi) If available, copies of relevant reports that the State or Tribe has prepared during the reporting period as part of its existing management program for the American alligator.

              (3) We provide CITES export tags to States and Tribes with approved CITES export programs. American alligator skins and parts must meet the marking and tagging requirements of paragraphs (d), (e), and (f) of this section.

              (d) Tagging of crocodilian skins. You may import, export, or re-export any crocodilian skin only if a non-reusable tag is inserted though the skin and locked in place using the locking mechanism of the tag. A mounted sport-hunted trophy must be accompanied by the tag from the skin used to make the mount.
              (1) Except as provided for a replacement tag in paragraph (d)(3)(ii) of this section, the tag must:
              (i) Be tamper-resistant, self-locking, heat resistant, and inert to chemical and mechanical processes.

              (ii) Be permanently stamped with the two-letter ISO code for the country of origin, a unique serial number, a standardized species code (available on our Web site; see § 23.7), and for specimens of species from populations that have been transferred from Appendix I to Appendix II for ranching, the year of skin production or harvest. For American alligator, the export tags include the US-CITES logo, an abbreviation for the State or Tribe of harvest, a standard species code (MIS = Alligator mississippiensis), the year of skin production or harvest, and a unique serial number.
              (iii) If the year of skin production or harvest and serial number appear next to each other on a tag, the information should be separated by a hyphen.
              (2) Skins, flanks, and chalecos must be individually tagged.
              (3) Skins without a non-reusable tag permanently attached may not be exported or re-exported. To obtain a replacement tag, either from the State or Tribe of harvest (for American alligator) or from us, you must provide information to show that the skin was legally acquired.
              (i) In the United States, when an American alligator tag is inadvertently removed, damaged, or lost, you may contact the State or Tribe of harvest for a replacement tag. If the State or Tribe cannot replace it, you may apply to FWS Law Enforcement for a replacement tag. To obtain replacement tags for crocodilian skins other than American alligator in the United States, contact FWS Law Enforcement. If the tag has been inadvertently removed or damaged, you must give us the tag. If the tag is lost, you must provide details concerning how the tag was lost. If we are satisfied that the skin was legally acquired, we will provide a CITES replacement tag.
              (ii) A replacement tag must meet all of the requirements in paragraph (d)(1) of this section except that the species code and year of skin production or harvest will not be required, and for re-exports the country of re-export must be shown in place of the country of origin. In the United States, the legend will include the US-CITES logo, FWS-REPL, and a unique serial number.
              (e) Meat and skulls. Except for American alligator, you may import, export, or re-export crocodilian meat and skulls without tags or markings. American alligator meat and skulls may be imported, exported, or re-exported if packaged and marked or tagged in accordance with State or tribal laws as follows:
              (1) Meat from legally harvested and tagged alligators must be packed in permanently sealed containers and labeled as required by State or tribal laws or regulations. Bulk meat containers must be marked with any required State or tribal parts tag or bulk meat tag permanently attached and indicating, at a minimum, State or Tribe of origin, year of take, species, original U.S. CITES tag number for the corresponding skin, weight of meat in the container, and identification of State-licensed processor or packer.
              (2) Each American alligator skull must be marked as required by State or tribal law or regulation.
              (f) Tagging or labeling of crocodilian parts other than meat and skulls. You may import, export, or re-export crocodilian parts other than meat and skulls when the following conditions are met:
              (1) Parts must be packed in transparent sealed containers.
              (2) Containers must be clearly marked with a non-reusable parts tag or label that includes all of the information in paragraph (d)(1)(ii) of this section and a description of the contents, the total weight (contents and container), and the number of the CITES document.

              (3) Tags are not required on crocodilian products.

              (4) Tags are not required on scientific specimens except as required in paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section.
              (g) Documentation requirements. The CITES document or an annex attached to the document must contain all information that is given on the tag or label.
              (h) U.S. application process. Application forms and a list of States and Tribes with approved American alligator programs can be obtained from our website or by contacting us (see § 23.7).
              (1) To export American alligator specimens taken under an approved State or tribal program, except for products made from American alligators, complete Form 3-200-26 and submit it to either FWS Law Enforcement or the U.S. Management Authority.
              (2) To export American alligator specimens that are not from an approved program or to export products made from American alligators,, complete Form 3-200-27 and submit it to the U.S. Management Authority.
              (3) To re-export crocodilian specimens, complete Form 3-200-73 and submit it to either FWS Law Enforcement or the U.S. Management Authority.
              (4) For information on issuance criteria for CITES documents, see § 23.36 for export permits and § 23.37 for re-export certificates.
              (i) Conditions for import, export, or re-export. Upon import, export, or re-export, each crocodilian specimen must meet the applicable tagging requirements in paragraphs (d), (e), and (f) of this section.
              [72 FR 48448, Aug. 23, 2007, as amended at 79 FR 30427, May 27, 2014]

              § 23.71
              How can I trade internationally in sturgeon caviar?
              (a) U.S. and foreign provisions. For the purposes of this section, sturgeon caviar or caviar means the processed roe of any species of sturgeon or paddlefish (order Acipenseriformes). It does not include sturgeon or paddlefish eggs contained in shampoos, cosmetics, lotions, or other products for topical application. The import, export, or re-export of sturgeon caviar must meet the requirements of this section and the other requirements of this part. The import, export, or re-export of Acipenseriformes specimens other than caviar must meet the other requirements of this part. See subparts B and C for prohibitions and application procedures.
              (b) Labeling. You may import, export, or re-export sturgeon caviar only if labels are affixed to containers prior to export or re-export in accordance with this paragraph.
              (1) The following definitions apply to caviar labeling:
              (i) Non-reusable label means any label or mark that cannot be removed without being damaged or transferred to another container. In the United States, the design of the label will be determined by the labeler in accordance with the requirements of this section.
              (ii) Primary container means any container (tin, jar, pail or other receptacle) in direct contact with the caviar.
              (iii) Secondary container means the receptacle into which primary containers are placed.
              (iv) Processing plant means a facility in the country of origin responsible for the first packaging of caviar into a primary container. In the United States, this may be done by the person who harvested the roe.
              (v) Repackaging plant means a facility responsible for receiving and repackaging caviar into new primary containers. This includes any facility where caviar is removed from the container in which it was received and placed in a different container.
              (vi) Lot identification number means a number that corresponds to information related to the caviar tracking system used by the processing plant or repackaging plant.
              (2) The caviar-processing plant in the country of origin must affix a non-reusable label on the primary container that includes all of the following information:
              (i) Standardized species code; for hybrids, the species code for the male is followed by the code for the female and the codes are separated by an “x” (codes are available on our website; see § 23.7).
              (ii) Source code.

              (iii) Two-letter ISO code of the country of origin.

              (iv) Year of harvest. This is either the calendar year in which caviar was harvested or, for caviar imported from shared stocks subject to quotas, the quota year in which it was harvested.
              (v) Processing plant code and lot identification number.
              (3) If caviar is repackaged before export or re-export, the repackaging plant must affix a non-reusable label to the primary container that includes all of the following information:
              (i) The standardized species code, source code, and two-letter ISO code of the country of origin.
              (ii) Year of repackaging and the repackaging plant code, which incorporates the two-letter ISO code for the repackaging country if different from the country of origin.
              (iii) Lot identification number or, for caviar that is being re-exported, the CITES document number under which it was imported may be used in place of the lot identification number.
              (4) The exact quantity of caviar must be indicated on any secondary container along with a description of the contents in accordance with international customs regulations.
              (c) Documentation requirements. Unless the sturgeon caviar qualifies as a personal or household effect under § 23.15, the CITES document or an annex attached to the document must contain all information that is given on the label. The exact quantity of each species of caviar must be indicated on the CITES document.
              (d) Export quotas. Commercial shipments of sturgeon caviar from stocks shared between different countries may be imported only if all of the following conditions have been met:
              (1) The relevant countries have established annual export quotas for the shared stocks that were derived from catch quotas agreed among the countries. The quotas are based on an appropriate regional conservation strategy and monitoring regime and are not detrimental to the survival of the species in the wild.
              (2) The quotas have been communicated to the CITES Secretariat and the Secretariat has communicated the annual export quotas to CITES Parties.
              (3) The caviar is exported during the quota year (March 1 - last day of February) in which it was harvested and processed.
              (e) Re-exports. Any re-export of sturgeon caviar must occur within 18 months from the date of issuance of the original export permit.
              (f) Pre-Convention. Sturgeon caviar may not be imported, exported, or re-exported under a pre-Convention certificate.
              (g) Mixed caviar. Caviar that consists of roe from more than one species may only be imported into or exported from the United States if the exact quantity of roe from each species is known and is indicated on the CITES document.
              (h) U.S. application forms. Application forms can be obtained from our website or by contacting us (see § 23.7). For CITES document requirements, see § 23.36 for export permits and § 23.37 for re-export certificates. For export, complete Form 3-200-76 or Form 3-200-80 and submit it to the U.S. Management Authority. For re-export, complete Form 3-200-73 and submit it either to FWS Law Enforcement or the U.S. Management Authority.
              (i) CITES register of exporters and of processing and repackaging plants. The CITES Secretariat maintains a “Register of licensed exporters and of processing and repackaging plants for specimens of sturgeon and paddlefish species” on its Web site. If you hold a current import-export license issued by FWS Law Enforcement and wish to be added to the CITES register, you may submit your contact information and processing or repackaging plant codes to the U.S. Management Authority for submission to the CITES Secretariat.
              [72 FR 48448, Aug. 23, 2007, as amended at 73 FR 40986, July 17, 2008; 79 fr 30428, May 27, 2014]

              § 23.72
              How can I trade internationally in plants?
              (a) U.S. and foreign general provisions: In addition to the requirements of this section, the import, export, or re-export of CITES plant specimens must meet the other requirements of this part (see subparts B and C for prohibitions and application procedures).
              (b) Seeds. International shipments of seeds of any species listed in Appendix I, except for seeds of certain artificially propagated hybrids (see § 23.92), or seeds of species listed in Appendix II or III with an annotation that includes seeds, must be accompanied by a valid CITES document. International shipments of CITES seeds that are artificially propagated also must be accompanied by a valid CITES document.
              (c) A plant propagated from exempt plant material. A plant grown from exempt plant material is regulated by CITES.
              (1) The proposed shipment of the specimen is treated as an export even if the exempt plant material from which it was derived was previously imported. The country of origin is the country in which the specimen ceased to qualify for the exemption.
              (2) Plants grown from exempt plant material qualify as artificially propagated provided they are grown under controlled conditions.
              (3) To export plants grown from exempt plant material under controlled conditions, complete Form 3-200-33 for a certificate for artificially propagated plants.
              (d) Salvaged plants. (1) For purposes of this section, salvaged plant means a plant taken from the wild as a result of some environmental modification in a country where a Party has done all of the following:

              (i) Ensured that the environmental modification program does not threaten the survival of CITES plant species, and that protection of Appendix-I species in situ is considered a national and international obligation.
              (ii) Established salvaged specimens in cultivation after concerted attempts have failed to ensure that the environmental modification program would not put at risk wild populations of CITES species.
              (2) International trade in salvaged Appendix-I plants, and Appendix-II plants whose entry into trade might otherwise have been considered detrimental to the survival of the species in the wild, may be permitted only when all the following conditions are met:
              (i) Such trade would clearly benefit the survival of the species in the wild or in cultivation.
              (ii) Import is for the purposes of care and propagation.
              (iii) Import is by a bona fide botanic garden or scientific institution.
              (iv) Any salvaged Appendix-I plant will not be sold or used to establish a commercial operation for artificial propagation after import.

              § 23.73
              How can I trade internationally in timber?
              (a) U.S. and foreign general provisions: In addition to the requirements of this section, the import, export, or re-export of timber species listed under CITES must meet the other requirements of this part (see subparts B and C for prohibitions and application procedures).
              (b) Definitions. The following definitions apply to parts, products, and derivatives that appear in the annotations to certain timber species in the CITES Appendices. These definitions are based on the tariff classifications of the Harmonized System of the World Customs Organization.
              (1) Logs means all wood in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared for processing, notably into sawn wood, pulpwood, or veneer sheets.
              (2) Sawn wood means wood simply sawn lengthwise or produced by a profile-chipping process. Sawn wood normally exceeds 6 mm in thickness.
              (3) Veneer sheets means thin layers or sheets of wood of uniform thickness, usually 6 mm or less, usually peeled or sliced, for use in making plywood, veneer furniture, veneer containers, or similar products.
              (4) Plywood means wood material consisting of three or more sheets of wood glued and pressed one on the other and generally disposed so that the grains of successive layers are at an angle.
              (c) The following exceptions apply to Appendix-II or -III timber species that have a substantive annotation that designates either logs, sawn wood, and veneer sheets, or logs, sawn wood, veneer sheets, and plywood:
              (1) Change in destination. When a shipment of timber destined for one country is redirected to another, the Management Authority in the country of import may change the name and address of the importer indicated on the CITES document under the following conditions:

              (i) The quantity imported is the same as the quantity certified by a stamp or seal and authorized signature of the Management Authority on the CITES document at the time of export or re-export.
              (ii) The number of the bill of lading for the shipment is on the CITES document, and the bill of lading is presented at the time of import.
              (iii) The import takes place before the CITES document expires, and the period of validity has not been extended.
              (iv) The Management Authority of the importing country includes the following statement in block 5, or an equivalent place, of the CITES document: “Import into [name of country] permitted in accordance with [cite the appropriate section number from the current permit and certificate resolution] on [date].” The modification is certified with an official stamp and signature.
              (v) The Management Authority sends a copy of the amended CITES document to the country of export or re-export and the Secretariat.
              (2) Extension of CITES document validity. A Management Authority in the country of import may extend the validity of an export permit or re-export certificate beyond the normal maximum of 6 months after the date of issue under the following conditions:
              (i) The shipment has arrived in the port of final destination before the CITES document expires, is being held in customs bond, and is not considered imported.
              (ii) The time extension does not exceed 6 months from the date of expiration of the CITES document and no previous extension has been issued.
              (iii) The Management Authority has included in block 5, or an equivalent place, of the CITES document the date of arrival and the new date of expiration on the document, and certified the modification with an official stamp and signature.
              (iv) The shipment is imported into the country from the port where the Management Authority issued the extension and before the amended CITES document expires.
              (v) The Management Authority sends a copy of the amended CITES document to the country of export or re-export and to the Secretariat.

              § 23.74
              How can I trade internationally in personal sport-hunted trophies?
              (a) U.S. and foreign general provisions. Except as provided for personal and household effects in § 23.15, the import, export, or re-export of sport-hunted trophies of species listed under CITES must meet the requirements of this section and the other requirements of this part (see subparts B and C for prohibitions and application procedures).
              (b) Sport-hunted trophy means a whole dead animal or a readily recognizable part or derivative of an animal specifically identified on accompanying CITES documents that meets the following criteria:
              (1) Is raw, processed, or manufactured;
              (2) Was legally obtained by the hunter through hunting for his or her personal use;
              (3) Is being imported, exported, or re-exported by or on behalf of the hunter as part of the transfer from its country of origin ultimately to the hunter's country of usual residence; and
              (4) Includes worked, manufactured, or handicraft items made from the sport-hunted animal only when:
              (i) Such items are contained in the same shipment as raw or tanned parts of the sport-hunted animal and are for the personal use of the hunter;
              (ii) The quantity of such items is no more than could reasonably be expected given the number of animals taken by the hunter as shown on the license or other documentation of the authorized hunt accompanying the shipment; and
              (iii) The accompanying CITES documents (export document and, if appropriate, import permit) contain a complete itemization and description of all items included in the shipment.
              (c) Use after import. You may use your sport-hunted trophy after import into the United States as provided in § 23.55.
              (d) Quantity. The following provisions apply to the issuance and acceptance of U.S. and foreign documents for sport-hunted trophies originating from a population for which the Conference of the Parties has established an export quota. The number of trophies that one hunter may import in any calendar year for the following species is:

              (1) No more than two leopard (Panthera pardus) trophies.
              (2) No more than one markhor (Capra falconeri) trophy.
              (3) No more than one black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) trophy.
              (e) Marking or tagging. (1) The following provisions apply to the issuance and acceptance of U.S. and foreign documents for sport-hunted trophies originating from a population for which the Conference of the Parties has established an export quota. Each trophy imported, exported, or re-exported must be marked or tagged in the following manner:
              (i) Leopard and markhor: Each raw or tanned skin must have a self-locking tag inserted through the skin and permanently locked in place using the locking mechanism of the tag. The tag must indicate the country of origin, the number of the specimen in relation to the annual quota, and the calendar year in which the specimen was taken in the wild. A mounted sport-hunted trophy must be accompanied by the tag from the skin used to make the mount.
              (ii) Black rhinoceros: Parts of the trophy, including, but not limited to, skin, skull, or horns, whether mounted or loose, should be individually marked with reference to the country of origin, species, the number of the specimen in relation to the annual quota, and the year of export.
              (iii) Crocodilians: See marking requirements in § 23.70.
              (iv) The export permit or re-export certificate or an annex attached to the permit or certificate must contain all the information that is given on the tag.
              (2) African elephant (Loxodonta africana). The following provisions apply to the issuance and acceptance of U.S. and foreign documents for sport-hunted trophies of African elephant. The trophy ivory must be legibly marked by means of punch-dies, indelible ink, or other form of permanent marking, under a marking and registration system established by the country of origin, with the following formula: The country of origin represented by the corresponding two-letter ISO country code; the last two digits of the year in which the elephant was harvested for export; the serial number for the year in question; and the weight of the ivory in kilograms. The mark must be highlighted with a flash of color and placed on the lip mark area. The lip mark area is the area of a whole African elephant tusk where the tusk emerges from the skull and which is usually denoted by a prominent ring of staining on the tusk in its natural state.
              [72 FR 48448, Aug. 23, 2007, as amended at 79 FR 30428, May 27, 2014]

              § 23.75
              How can I trade internationally in vicuña (Vicugna vicugna)?
              (a) U.S. and foreign general provisions. The import, export, or re-export of specimens of vicuña must meet the requirements of this section and the other requirements of this part (see subparts B and C of this part for prohibitions and application procedures). Certain populations of vicuña are listed in Appendix II for the exclusive purpose of allowing international trade in wool sheared from live vicuñas, cloth made from such wool, and products manufactured from such wool or cloth. All other specimens of vicuña are deemed to be specimens of a species included in Appendix I.
              (b) Vicuña Convention means the Convenio para la Conservación y Manejo de la Vicuña, of which vicuña range countries are signatories.
              (c) Vicuña logotype means the logotype adopted by the vicuña range countries under the Vicuña Convention.
              (d) Country of origin for the purposes of the vicuña label means the name of the country where the vicuña wool in the cloth or product originated.
              (e) Wool sheared from live vicuñas, cloth from such wool, and products manufactured from such wool or cloth may be imported from Appendix-II populations only when they meet the labeling requirements in paragraph (f) of this section.
              (f) Labeling requirements. Except for cloth containing CITES pre-Convention wool of vicuña, you may import, export, or re-export vicuña cloth only when the reverse side of the cloth bears the vicuña logotype and the selvages bear the words “VICUÑA—COUNTRY OF ORIGIN”. Specimens of other products manufactured from vicuña wool or cloth must bear a label that has the vicuña logotype and the designation “VICUÑA—COUNTRY OF ORIGIN—ARTESANIA”. Each specimen must bear such a label. For import into the United States of raw wool sheared from live vicuña, see the labeling requirements in 50 CFR 17.40(m).
              [79 FR 30428, May 27, 2014]

            Subpart F—Disposal of Confiscated Wildlife and Plants

              § 23.78
              What happens to confiscated wildlife and plants?
              (a) Purpose. Article VIII of the Treaty provides for confiscation or return to the country of export of specimens that are traded in violation of CITES.
              (b) Disposal options. Part 12 of this subchapter provides the options we have for disposing of forfeited and abandoned live and dead wildlife and plants. These include maintenance in captivity either in the United States or in the country of export, return to the wild under limited circumstances, and sale of certain Appendix-II or -III specimens. Under some conditions, euthanasia or destruction may be necessary.
              (1) We use a plant rescue center program to dispose of confiscated live plants. Participants in this program may also assist APHIS, CBP, and FWS Law Enforcement in holding seized specimens as evidence pending any legal decisions.
              (2) We dispose of confiscated live wildlife on a case-by-case basis at the time of seizure and forfeiture, and consider the quantity, protection level, and husbandry needs of the wildlife.
              (c) Re-export. We may issue a re-export certificate for a CITES specimen that was forfeited or abandoned when the certificate indicates the specimen was confiscated and when the re-export meets one of the following purposes:
              (1) For any CITES species, the return of a live specimen to the Management Authority of the country of export, placement of a live specimen in a rescue center, or use of the specimen for law enforcement, judicial, or forensic purposes.
              (2) For an Appendix-II or -III species, the disposal of the specimen in an appropriate manner that benefits enforcement and administration of the Convention.
              (d) Consultation process. FWS and APHIS may consult with the Management Authority in the country of export or re-export and other relevant governmental and nongovernmental experts before making a decision on the disposal of confiscated live specimens that have been forfeited or abandoned to the FWS, APHIS, or CBP.

              § 23.79
              How may I participate in the Plant Rescue Center Program?
              (a) Purpose. We have established the Plant Rescue Center Program to place confiscated live plants quickly to prevent physical damage to the plants.
              (b) Criteria. Institutions interested in participating in this program must be:
              (1) Nonprofit, open to the public, and have the expertise and facilities to care for confiscated exotic plant specimens. A participating institution may be a botanical garden, arboretum, zoological park, research institution, or other qualifying institution.
              (2) Willing to transfer confiscated plants from the port where they were confiscated to their facilities at their own expense.
              (3) Willing to return the plants to the U.S. Government if the country of export has requested their return. The U.S. Government will then coordinate the plants' return to the country of export.
              (4) Willing to accept and maintain a plant shipment as a unit until it has received authorization from us to incorporate the shipment into its permanent collection or transfer a portion of it to another participating institution.
              (c) Participation. Institutions wishing to participate in the Plant Rescue Center Program should contact the U.S. Management Authority (see § 23.7). They must provide a brief description of the greenhouse or display facilities, the names and telephone numbers of any individuals authorized to accept plants on behalf of the institution, and the mailing address where the plants should be sent. In addition, interested institutions must indicate if they are limited with regard to the type of plants they are able to maintain or the quantities of plants they can handle at one time.

            Subpart G—CITES Administration

              § 23.84
              What are the roles of the Secretariat and the committees?
              (a) Secretariat. The Secretariat is headed by the Secretary-General. Its functions are listed in Article XII of the Treaty and include:
              (1) Arranging and staffing meetings of the Parties.
              (2) Performing functions as requested in relation to listings in the Appendices.
              (3) Undertaking scientific and technical studies, as authorized by the CoP, to contribute to implementation of the Convention.
              (4) Studying reports of the Parties and requesting additional information as appropriate to ensure effective implementation of the Convention.
              (5) Bringing to the attention of the Parties matters relevant to the Convention.
              (6) Periodically publishing and distributing to the Parties current editions of the Appendices as well as information on the identification of specimens of species listed in the Appendices.
              (7) Preparing annual reports to the Parties on its work and on the implementation of the Convention.
              (8) Making recommendations for the implementation of the aims and provisions of the Convention, including the exchange of scientific and technical information.
              (9) Performing other functions entrusted to it by the Parties.
              (b) Committees. The Parties have established three committees to provide administrative and technical support to the Parties and to the Secretariat. The CoP may charge any of these committees with tasks.
              (1) The Standing Committee steers the work and performance of the Convention between CoPs.
              (i) This committee oversees development and execution of the Secretariat's budget, advises other committees, appoints working groups, and carries out activities on behalf of the Parties between CoPs.
              (ii) Regional representatives are countries that are elected by their respective geographic regions at the CoP.
              (2) The Animals Committee and the Plants Committee provide advice and guidance to the CoP, the other committees, working groups, and the Secretariat on all matters relevant to international trade in species included in the Appendices.
              (i) These committees also develop and maintain a standardized list of species names; provide assistance with regard to identification of species listed in the Appendices; cooperate with the Secretariat to assist Scientific Authorities; compile and evaluate data on Appendix-II species that are considered significantly affected by trade; periodically review the status of wildlife and plant species listed in the Appendices; advise range countries on management techniques when requested; draft resolutions on wildlife and plant matters for consideration by the Parties; deal with issues related to the transport of live specimens; and report to the CoP and the Standing Committee.
              (ii) Regional representatives are individuals, who are elected by their respective geographic regions at the CoP.
              (iii) The CoP appoints a specialist in zoological nomenclature to the Animals Committee and a specialist in botanical nomenclature to the Plants Committee. These specialists are ex officio and non-voting, and are responsible for developing or identifying standard nomenclature references for wildlife and plant taxa and making recommendations on nomenclature to Parties, the CoP, other committees, working groups, and the Secretariat.
              [72 FR 48448, Aug. 23, 2007, as amended at 79 FR 30429, May 27, 2014]

              § 23.85
              What is a meeting of the Conference of the Parties (CoP)?
              (a) Purpose. Article XI of the Treaty provides general guidelines for meetings of the countries that have ratified, accepted, approved, or acceded to CITES. The Parties currently meet for 2 weeks every 3 years. At these meetings, the Parties consider amendments to the Appendices and resolutions and decisions to improve the implementation of CITES. The Parties adopt amendments to the lists of species in Appendix I and II and resolutions by a two-thirds majority of Parties present and voting. The Secretariat or any Party may also submit reports on wildlife and plant trade for consideration.
              (b) CoP locations and dates. At a CoP, Parties interested in hosting the next meeting notify the Secretariat. The Parties vote to select the location of the next CoP. Once a country has been chosen, it works with the Secretariat to set the date and specific venue. The Secretariat then notifies the Parties of the date for the next CoP.
              (c) Attendance at a CoP. All Parties may participate and vote at a CoP. Non-Party countries may participate, but may not vote. Organizations technically qualified in protection, conservation, or management of wildlife or plants may participate in a CoP as observers if they are approved, but they are not eligible to vote.
              (1) International organizations must apply to the CITES Secretariat for approval to attend a CoP as an observer.
              (2) National organizations must apply to the Management Authority of the country where they are located for approval to attend a CoP as an observer.

              § 23.86
              How can I obtain information on a CoP?

              As we receive information on an upcoming CoP from the CITES Secretariat, we will notify the public either through published notices in the Federal Register or postings on our website (see § 23.7). We will provide:
              (a) A summary of the information we have received with an invitation for the public to comment and provide information on the agenda, proposed amendments to the Appendices, and proposed resolutions that they believe the United States should submit for consideration at the CoP.
              (b) Information on times, dates, and locations of public meetings.
              (c) Information on how international and national organizations may apply to participate as observers.

              § 23.87
              How does the United States develop documents and negotiating positions for a CoP?
              (a) In developing documents and negotiating positions for a CoP, we:
              (1) Will provide for at least one public meeting.
              (2) Consult with appropriate Federal, State, and tribal agencies; foreign governmental agencies; scientists; experts; and others.
              (3) Seek public comment through published Federal Register notices or postings on our website that:
              (i) Solicit recommendations on potential proposals to amend the Appendices, draft resolutions, and other documents for U.S. submission to the CoP.
              (ii) Announce proposals to amend the Appendices, draft resolutions, and other documents that the United States is considering submitting to the CoP.
              (iii) Provide the CoP agenda and a list of the amendments to the Appendices proposed for the CoP, a summary of our proposed negotiating positions on these items, and the reasons for our proposed positions.
              (4) Consider comments received in response to notices or postings provided in paragraph (a)(3) of this section.
              (b) We submit the following documents to the Secretariat for consideration at the CoP:
              (1) Draft resolutions and other documents at least 150 days before the CoP.
              (2) Proposals to amend the Appendices at least 150 days before the CoP if we have consulted all range countries, or 330 days before the CoP if we have not consulted the range countries. For the latter, the additional time allows for the range countries to be consulted through the Secretariat.
              (c) The Director may modify or suspend any of these procedures if they would interfere with the timely or appropriate development of documents for submission to the CoP and U.S. negotiating positions.
              (d) We may receive additional information at a CoP or circumstances may develop that have an impact on our tentative negotiating positions. As a result, the U.S. representatives to a CoP may find it necessary to modify, reverse, or otherwise change any of those positions when to do so would be in the best interests of the United States or the conservation of the species.

              § 23.88
              What are the resolutions and decisions of the CoP?
              (a) Purpose. Under Article XI of the Treaty, the Parties agree to resolutions and decisions that clarify and interpret the Convention to improve its effectiveness. Resolutions are generally intended to provide long-standing guidance, whereas decisions typically contain instructions to a specific committee, Parties, or the Secretariat. Decisions are often intended to be implemented by a specific date, and then they expire.
              (b) Effective date. A resolution or decision adopted by the Parties becomes effective 90 days after the last day of the meeting at which it was adopted, unless otherwise specified in the resolution or decision.

            Subpart H—Lists of Species

              § 23.89
              What are the criteria for listing species in Appendix I or II?
              (a) Purpose. Article XV of the Treaty sets out the procedures for amending CITES Appendices I and II. A species must meet trade and biological criteria listed in the CITES resolution for amendment of Appendices I and II. When determining whether a species qualifies for inclusion in or removal from Appendix I or II, or transfer from one Appendix to another, we will:
              (1) Consult with States, Tribes, range countries, relevant experts, other Federal agencies, and the general public.
              (2) Utilize the best available biological information.
              (3) Evaluate that information against the criteria in paragraphs (b) through (f) of this section.
              (b) Listing a species in Appendix I. Any species qualifies for inclusion in Appendix I if it is or may be affected by trade and meets, or is likely to meet, at least one biological criterion for Appendix I.
              (1) These criteria are:
              (i) The size of the wild population is small.
              (ii) Area of distribution is restricted.
              (iii) There is an observed, inferred, or projected marked decline in the population size in the wild.
              (2) Factors to be considered include, but are not limited to, population and range fragmentation; habitat availability or quality; area of distribution; taxon-specific vulnerabilities due to life history, behavior, or other intrinsic factors, such as migration; population structure and niche requirements; threats from extrinsic factors such as the form of exploitation, introduced species, habitat degradation and destruction, and stochastic events; or decreases in recruitment.
              (c) Listing a species in Appendix II due to actual or potential threats. Any species qualifies for inclusion in Appendix II if it is or may be affected by trade and meets at least one of the criteria for listing in Appendix II based on actual or potential threats to that species. These criteria are:
              (1) It is known, or can be inferred or projected, that the regulation of trade is necessary to avoid the species becoming eligible for inclusion in Appendix I in the near future.
              (2) It is known, or can be inferred or projected, that the regulation of trade in the species is required to ensure that the harvest of specimens from the wild is not reducing the wild population to a level at which its survival might be threatened by continued harvest or other influences.
              (d) Listing a species in Appendix II due to similarity of appearance or other factors. Any species qualifies for inclusion in Appendix II if it meets either of the criteria for listing in Appendix II due to similarity of appearance or other factors. These criteria are:
              (1) The specimens of the species in the form in which they are traded resemble specimens of a species listed in Appendix II due to criteria in paragraph (c) of this section or in Appendix I, such that enforcement officers who encounter specimens of such similar CITES species are unlikely to be able to distinguish between them.
              (2) There are compelling reasons other than those in paragraph (d)(1) of this section to ensure that effective control of trade in currently listed species is achieved.
              (e) Other issues. We will evaluate any potential changes to the Appendices, taking into consideration other issues, including but not limited to, split-listing, annotation, listings of higher taxa and hybrids, and specific listing issues related to plants and commercially exploited aquatic species.
              (f) Precautionary measures. We will evaluate any potential transfers from Appendix I to II or removal of species from the Appendices in the context of precautionary measures.
              (g) Proposal. If a Party determines that a taxon qualifies for inclusion in or removal from Appendix I or II, or transfer from one Appendix to another, a proposal may be submitted to the Secretariat for consideration by the CoP.
              (1) The proposal should indicate the intent of the specific action (such as inclusion in Appendix I or II); be specific and accurate as to the parts and derivatives to be included in the listing; ensure that any proposed annotation is consistent with existing annotations; state the criteria against which the proposal is to be judged; and provide a justification for the basis on which the species meets the relevant criteria.
              (2) The proposal must be in a prescribed format. Contact the U.S. Scientific Authority for a copy (see § 23.7).

              § 23.90
              What are the criteria for listing species in Appendix III?
              (a) Purpose. Article XVI of the Treaty sets out the procedures for amending Appendix III.
              (b) General procedure. A Party may unilaterally, at any time, submit a request to list a species in Appendix III to the CITES Secretariat. The listing will become effective 90 days after the Secretariat notifies the Parties of the request.
              (c) Criteria for listing. For a Party to list a species in Appendix III, all of the following criteria must be met:
              (1) The species must be native to the country listing the species.
              (2) The species must be protected under that country's laws or regulations to prevent or restrict exploitation and control trade, and the laws or regulations are being implemented.
              (3) The species is in international trade, and there are indications that the cooperation of other Parties would help to control illegal trade.
              (4) The listing Party must inform the Management Authorities of other range countries, the known major importing countries, the Secretariat, and the Animals Committee or the Plants Committee that it is considering the listing and seek their opinions on the potential effects of the listing.
              (d) Annotation. The listing Party may annotate the Appendix-III listing to include only specific parts, products, derivatives, or life stages, as long as the Secretariat is notified of the annotation.
              (e) U.S. procedure. The procedure to list a species native to the United States in Appendix III is as follows:
              (1) We will consult with and solicit comments from all States and Tribes where the species occurs and all other range countries.
              (2) We will publish a proposed rule in the Federal Register to solicit comments from the public.

              (3) If after evaluating the comments received and available information we determine the species should be listed in Appendix III, we will publish a final rule in the Federal Register and notify the Secretariat of the listing.
              (f) Removing a species from Appendix III. We will monitor the international trade in Appendix-III species listed by us and periodically evaluate whether each species continues to meet the listing criteria in paragraph (c) of this section. We will remove a species from Appendix III provided all of the following criteria are met:
              (1) International trade in the species is very limited. As a general guide, we will consider removal when exports involve fewer than 5 shipments per year or fewer than 100 individual animals or plants.
              (2) Legal and illegal trade in the species, including international trade or interstate commerce, is determined not to be a concern.
              (g) Transferring a species from Appendix III to Appendix I or II. If, after monitoring the trade and evaluating the status of an Appendix-III species we listed, we determine that the species meets the criteria in § 23.89(b) through (d) of this section for listing in Appendix I or II, we will consider whether to submit a proposal to amend the listing at the next CoP.

              § 23.91
              How do I find out if a species is listed?
              (a) CITES list. The official CITES list includes species of wildlife and plants placed in Appendix I, II, and III in accordance with the provisions of Articles XV and XVI of the Treaty. This list is maintained by the CITES Secretariat based on decisions of the Parties. You may access the official list from the CITES website (see § 23.7).
              (b) Effective date. Amendments to the CITES list are effective as follows:
              (1) Appendix-I and -II species listings adopted at the CoP are effective 90 days after the last day of the CoP, unless otherwise specified in the proposal.
              (2) Appendix-I and -II species listings adopted between CoPs by postal procedures are effective 120 days after the Secretariat has communicated comments and recommendations on the listing to the Parties if the Secretariat does not receive an objection to the proposed amendment from a Party.
              (3) Appendix-III species listings are effective 90 days after the date the Secretariat has communicated such listings to the Parties. A listing Party may withdraw a species from the list at any time by notifying the Secretariat. The withdrawal is effective 30 days after the Secretariat has communicated the withdrawal to the Parties.

              § 23.92
              Are any wildlife or plants, and their parts, products, or derivatives, exempt?
              (a) All living or dead wildlife and plants in Appendix I, II, and III and all their readily recognizable parts, products, and derivatives must meet the requirements of CITES and this part, except as indicated in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section.
              (b) The following are exempt from the requirements of CITES. You may be required to demonstrate that your specimen qualifies as exempt under this section. For specimens that are exempt from CITES requirements, you must still follow the clearance requirements for wildlife in part 14 of this subchapter and for plants in part 24 of this subchapter and 7 CFR parts 319, 352, and 355.
              (1) Appendix-III wildlife and Appendix-II or -III plants. (i) Where an annotation designates what is excluded from CITES requirements, any part, product, or derivative that is specifically excluded.
              (ii) Where an annotation designates what is covered by the Treaty, all parts, products, or derivatives that are not designated.
              (2) Plant hybrids. Specimens of an Appendix-II or -III plant taxon with an annotation that specifically excludes hybrids.
              (c) The following are exempt from CITES document requirements when certain criteria are met.
              (1) Plant hybrids. Seeds and pollen (including pollinia), cut flowers, and flasked seedlings or tissue cultures of hybrids that qualify as artificially propagated (see § 23.64) and that were produced from one or more Appendix-I species or taxa that are not annotated to treat hybrids as Appendix-I specimens.
              (2) Flasked seedlings of Appendix-I orchids. Flasked seedlings of an Appendix-I orchid species that qualify as artificially propagated (see § 23.64).
              (3) Marine specimens listed in Appendix II that are protected under another treaty, convention, or international agreement which was in force on July 1, 1975 as provided in § 23.39(d).
              (4) Coral sand and coral fragments as defined in § 23.5.
              (5) Personal and household effects as provided in § 23.15.
              (6) Urine, feces, and synthetically derived DNA as provided in § 23.16.
              (7) Certain wildlife hybrids as provided in § 23.43.
              [72 FR 48448, Aug. 23, 2007, as amended at 79 FR 30429, May 27, 2014]

          Pt. 24
          PART 24—IMPORTATION AND EXPORTATION OF PLANTS

              Subpart A—Introduction
              Sec.
              24.1
              Purpose of regulations.
              24.2
              Scope of regulations.

              Subpart B—Importation and Exportation at Designated Ports
              24.11
              General restrictions.
              24.12
              Designated ports.

            Authority:
            Secs. 9(f)(1), 11(f), Pub. L. 93-205, 87 Stat 893, 897 (16 U.S.C. 1538(f)(1), 1540(f)).

            Source:
            49 FR 42941, Oct. 25, 1984, unless otherwise noted.

            Subpart A—Introduction

              § 24.1
              Purpose of regulations.
              The regulations contained in this part are for the purpose of establishing ports for the importation, exportation and reexportation of plants.

              § 24.2
              Scope of regulations.

              The provisions in this part are in addition to, and do not supersede, other regulations in this chapter. Also, the U.S. Department of Agriculture administers the Plant Quarantine Act, as amended (7 U.S.C. 151 et seq.), the Federal Plant Pest Act, as amended (7 U.S.C. 150aa et seq.), and the Federal Noxious Weed Act of 1974 (7 U.S.C. 2801 et seq.), which contain authority for additional prohibitions and restrictions, including additional port of entry requirements, for the importation or exportation of plants (See 7 CFR chapter III for regulations containing prohibitions and restrictions under these authorities).

            Subpart B—Importation and Exportation at Designated Ports

              § 24.11
              General restrictions.
              No person shall import, export, or reexport plants at any place other than at a port designated in 24.12 (hereinafter “designated port”) in accordance with the provisions of this part, unless otherwise specifically authorized by the Service at a nondesignated port in accordance with section 9(f)(1) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.

              § 24.12
              Designated ports.

              (a) The following U.S. Department of Agriculture ports are designated ports for the importation, exportation, or reexportation of plants which are listed in 50 CFR 17.12 and/or 23.23 and which are required to be accompanied by documentation under 50 CFR part 17 and/or 23:

                Nogales, Arizona
                Los Angeles, California
                San Diego, California
                San Francisco, California
                Miami, Florida
                Orlando, Florida
                Honolulu, Hawaii
                New Orleans, Louisiana
                Hoboken, New Jersey (Port of New York)
                Jamaica, New York
                San Juan, Puerto Rico
                Brownsville, Texas
                El Paso, Texas
                Houston, Texas
                Seattle, Washington

              (b) The U.S. Department of Agriculture ports at Hilo, Hawaii, and Chicago, Illinois, are designated ports for the importation, exportation, or reexportation of plants of the family Orchidaceae (orchids) which are listed in 50 CFR 17.12 or 23.23 and which are required to be accompanied by documentation under 50 CFR part 17 or 23.

              (c) The U.S. Department of Agriculture ports at Atlanta, Georgia; Chicago, Illinois; Baltimore, Maryland; St. Louis, Missouri; and Milwaukee, Wisconsin; are designated ports for the importation, exportation or reexportation of roots of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) listed in 50 CFR 23.23 and which are required to be accompanied by documentation under 50 CFR part 17 or 23.
              (d) The U.S. Department of Agriculture ports at Detroit and Port Huron, Michigan; Buffalo, New York; Rouses Point, New York; and Blaine, Washington, are designated ports for the importation from Canada of plants which are listed in 50 CFR 17.12 or 23.23 and which are required to be accompanied by documentation under 50 CFR part 17 or 23, and for the exportation or reexportation to Canada of plants which are listed in 50 CFR 17.12 or 23.23 and which are required to be accompanied by documentation under 50 CFR part 17 or 23.

              (e) The U.S. Department of Agriculture ports at Mobile, Alabama; Fort Lauderdale (=Port Everglades), Jacksonville, and Panama City, Florida; Savannah, Georgia; Baltimore, Maryland; Gulfport, Mississippi; Wilmington and Morehead City, North Carolina; Portland, Oregon; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Charleston, South Carolina; Laredo, Texas; Norfolk, Virginia; and Vancouver, Washington, are designated ports for the importation of logs and lumber from trees which are listed in the appendices to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) or in 50 CFR 17.12 or 23.23 and which are required to be accompanied by documentation under 50 CFR part 17 or 23.

              (f) The U.S. Department of Agriculture port at Wilmington, North Carolina, is a designated port for the exportation of plants of the species Dionaea muscipula (Venus flytrap), which is listed in appendix II to CITES and which is required to be accompanied by documentation under 50 CFR part 23.

              (g) All U.S. Customs designated ports of entry on the United States-Canadian border (Customs designated ports of entry are listed in 19 CFR part 101) and the following U.S. Department of Agriculture ports are designated ports for the importation, exportation, or reexportation of plants not required to be accompanied by documentation under 50 CFR part 17 or 23:

                Mobile, Alabama
                Anchorage, Alaska
                Nogales, Arizona
                Phoenix, Arizona
                San Luis, Arizona
                Tucson, Arizona
                Calexico, Arizona
                Los Angeles, California
                San Diego, California
                San Francisco, California
                San Pedro, California
                Denver, Colorado
                Wallingford, Connecticut
                Dover, Delaware (Dover AFB)
                Wilmington, Delaware
                Washington, District of Columbia
                Jacksonville, Florida
                Key West, Florida
                Miami, Florida
                Orlando, Florida
                Pensacola, Florida
                Cape Canaveral, Florida
                Port Everglades, Florida
                Tampa, Florida
                West Palm Beach, Florida
                Atlanta, Georgia
                Savannah, Georgia
                Agana, Guam
                Hilo, Hawaii
                Honolulu, Hawaii
                Wailuku, Maui, Hawaii
                Chicago, Illinois
                Baton Rouge, Louisiana
                New Orleans, Louisiana
                Bangor, Maine
                Portland, Maine
                Baltimore, Maryland
                Boston, Massachusetts
                Detroit, Michigan
                Duluth, Minnesota
                St. Paul, Minnesota
                Kansas City, Missouri
                St. Louis, Missouri
                Hoboken, New Jersey
                McGuire AFB, New Jersey
                Albany, New York
                Buffalo, New York
                New York, New York
                Jamaica, New York
                Rouses Point, New York
                Morehead City, North Carolina
                Wilmington, North Carolina
                Cleveland, Ohio
                Astoria, Oregon
                Coos Bay, Oregon
                Portland, Oregon
                Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
                Hato Rey, Puerto Rico
                Mayaguez, Puerto Rico
                Ponce, Puerto Rico
                Roosevelt Roads, Puerto Rico
                San Juan, Puerto Rico
                Warwick, Rhode Island
                Charleston, South Carolina
                Memphis, Tennessee
                Brownsville, Texas
                Corpus Christi, Texas
                Dallas-Ft. Worth, Texas
                Del Rio, Texas
                Eagle Pass, Texas
                El Paso, Texas
                Galveston, Texas
                Hidalgo, Texas
                Houston, Texas
                Laredo, Texas
                Port Arthur, Texas
                Presidio, Texas
                Progreso, Texas
                Roma, Texas
                San Antonio, Texas
                St. Croix, Virgin Islands of the United States
                St. Thomas, Virgin Islands of the United States
                Newport News, Virginia
                Norfolk, Virginia
                Blaine, Washington
                Tacoma, Washington (McChord AFB)
                Seattle, Washington
                Milwaukee, Wisconsin

              [49 FR 42941, Oct. 25, 1984, as amended at 55 FR 11920, Mar. 30, 1990; 58 FR 68543, Dec. 28, 1993; 58 FR 14121, Mar. 25, 1994; 59 FR 42775, Aug. 19, 1994; 62 FR 30775, June 5, 1997]

        SUBCHAPTER C—THE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SYSTEM

          Pt. 25
          PART 25—ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS

              Subpart A—Introduction
              Sec.
              25.11
              Purpose of regulations.
              25.12
              What do these terms mean?
              25.13
              Other applicable laws.

              Subpart B—Administrative Provisions
              25.21
              When and how do we open and close areas of the National Wildlife Refuge System to public access and use or continue a use?
              25.22
              Lost and found articles.
              25.23
              What are the general regulations and information collection requirements?

              Subpart C—Public Notice
              25.31
              General provisions.

              Subpart D—Permits
              25.41
              Who issues refuge permits?
              25.42
              Permits required to be exhibited on request.
              25.43
              Who may terminate or revoke a permit and why?
              25.44
              How do we grant permits for easement area uses?
              25.45
              Appeals procedure.

              Subpart E—Fees and Charges
              25.51
              General provisions.
              25.52
              Designation.
              25.53
              Establishment of single visit entrance fees.
              25.54
              Posting and public notification.
              25.55
              Refuge admission permits.
              25.56
              Enforcement.
              25.57
              Exceptions and exemptions.

              Subpart F—Concessions
              25.61
              General provisions.

              Subpart G—Safety Regulations
              25.71
              Public safety.
              25.72
              Reporting of accidents.

            Authority:

            5 U.S.C. 301; 16 U.S.C. 460k, 664, 668dd, and 715i, 3901 et seq.; and Pub. L. 102-402, 106 Stat. 1961.

            Source:
            41 FR 9166, Mar. 3, 1976, unless otherwise noted.

            Subpart A—Introduction

              § 25.11
              Purpose of regulations.
              (a) The regulations in this subchapter govern general administration of units of the National Wildlife Refuge System, public notice of changes in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service policy regarding Refuge System units, issuance of permits required on Refuge System units and other administrative aspects involving the management of various units of the National Wildlife Refuge System. The regulations in this subchapter apply to areas of land and water held by the United States in fee title and to property interests in such land and water in less than fee, including but not limited to easements. For areas held in less than fee, the regulations in this subchapter apply only to the extent that the property interest held by the United States may be affected. The regulations in this subchapter also apply to and govern those areas of the Rocky Mountain Arsenal over which management responsibility has been transferred to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service under the Rocky Mountain Arsenal Act of 1992 (Pub. L. 102-402, 106 Stat. 1961), before their establishment as a refuge and inclusion in the National Wildlife Refuge System.
              (b) All national wildlife refuges are maintained for the primary purpose of developing a national program of wildlife and ecological conservation and rehabilitation. These refuges are established for the restoration, preservation, development and management of wildlife and wildlands habitat; for the protection and preservation of endangered or threatened species and their habitat; and for the management of wildlife and wildlands to obtain the maximum benefits from these resources.
              [41 FR 9166, Mar. 3, 1976, as amended at 51 FR 7574, Mar. 5, 1986; 62 FR 47375, Sept. 9, 1997]

              § 25.12
              What do these terms mean?

              (a) As used in the rules and regulations in this subchapter:

                Authorized official means any Federal, State or local official empowered to enforce provisions of this subchapter C.

                Big game means large game animals, including moose, elk, caribou, reindeer, musk ox, deer, bighorn sheep, mountain goat, pronghorn, bear, and peccary, or such species as the separate States may so classify within their boundaries.

                Compatibility determination means a written determination signed and dated by the Refuge Manager and Regional Chief, signifying that a proposed or existing use of a national wildlife refuge is a compatible use or is not a compatible use. The Director makes this delegation through the Regional Director.

                Compatible use means a proposed or existing wildlife-dependent recreational use or any other use of a national wildlife refuge that, based on sound professional judgment, will not materially interfere with or detract from the fulfillment of the National Wildlife Refuge System mission or the purpose(s) of the national wildlife refuge.

                Comprehensive conservation plan means a document that describes the desired future conditions of a refuge or planning unit and provides long-range guidance and management direction to achieve the purposes of the refuge; helps fulfill the mission of the Refuge System; maintains and, where appropriate, restores the ecological integrity of each refuge and the Refuge System; helps achieve the goals of the National Wilderness Preservation System; and meets other mandates.

                Conservation, and Management mean to sustain and, where appropriate, restore and enhance, healthy populations of fish, wildlife, and plants utilizing, in accordance with applicable Federal and State laws, methods and procedures associated with modern scientific resource programs. Such methods and procedures include, consistent with the provisions of the National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966 (16 U.S.C. 668dd-668ee), protection, research, census, law enforcement, habitat management, propagation, live trapping and transplantation, and regulated taking.

                Coordination area means a wildlife management area made available to a State by cooperative agreement between the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and a State agency having control over wildlife resources pursuant to section 4 of the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (16 U.S.C. 664 or by long-term leases or agreements pursuant to title III of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act (7 U.S.C. 1010 et seq.). The States manage coordination areas but they are part of the National Wildlife Refuge System. The compatibility standard does not apply to coordination areas.

                Director means the Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or the authorized representative of such official.

                Easement means a less than fee interest in land or water acquired and administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for the purpose of maintaining fish and wildlife habitat.

                Fish, Wildlife, and Fish and wildlife mean any member of the animal kingdom in a wild, unconfined state, whether alive or dead, including a part, product, egg, or offspring of the member.

                Migratory bird means and refers to those species of birds listed under § 10.13 of this chapter.

                National wildlife refuge, and Refuge mean a designated area of land, water, or an interest in land or water located within the National Wildlife Refuge System but does not include coordination areas.

                National Wildlife Refuge System, and System mean all lands, waters, and interests therein administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as wildlife refuges, wildlife ranges, wildlife management areas, waterfowl production areas, coordination areas, and other areas for the protection and conservation of fish and wildlife including those that are threatened with extinction as determined in writing by the Director or so directed by Presidential or Secretarial order. The determination by the Director may not be delegated.

                National Wildlife Refuge System mission, and System mission mean to administer a national network of lands and waters for the conservation, management, and where appropriate, restoration of the fish, wildlife, and plant resources and their habitats within the United States for the benefit of present and future generations of Americans.

                Nontoxic shot means steel shot or other shot approved pursuant to 50 CFR 20.134.

                Plant means any member of the plant kingdom in a wild, unconfined state, including any plant community, seed, root, or other part of a plant.

                Purpose(s) of the refuge means the purposes specified in or derived from the law, proclamation, executive order, agreement, public land order, donation document, or administrative memorandum establishing, authorizing, or expanding a national wildlife refuge, national wildlife refuge unit, or national wildlife refuge subunit. For refuges that encompass Congressionally designated wilderness, the purposes of the Wilderness Act are additional purposes of the wilderness portion of the refuge.

                Refuge management activity means an activity conducted by the Service or a Service-authorized agent to fulfill one or more purposes of the national wildlife refuge, or the National Wildlife Refuge System mission. Service-authorized agents include contractors, cooperating agencies, cooperating associations, refuge support groups, and volunteers.

                Refuge management economic activity means a refuge management activity on a national wildlife refuge which results in generation of a commodity which is or can be sold for income or revenue or traded for goods or services. Examples include: Farming, grazing, haying, timber harvesting, and trapping.

                Regional Chief means the official in charge of the National Wildlife Refuge System within a Region of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or the authorized representative of such official.

                Refuge Manager means the official directly in charge of a national wildlife refuge or the authorized representative of such official. In the case of a national wildlife refuge complex, this refers to the official directly in charge of the complex.

                Refuge use, and Use of a refuge mean a recreational use (including refuge actions associated with a recreational use or other general public use), refuge management economic activity, or other use of a national wildlife refuge by the public or other non-National Wildlife Refuge System entity.

                Regional Director means the official in charge of a Region of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or the authorized representative of such official.

                Secretary means the Secretary of the Interior or the authorized representative of such official.

                Service, We, and Us mean the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior.

                Sound professional judgment means a finding, determination, or decision that is consistent with principles of sound fish and wildlife management and administration, available science and resources, and adherence to the requirements of the National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966 (16 U.S.C. 668dd-668ee), and other applicable laws. Included in this finding, determination, or decision is a refuge manager's field experience and knowledge of the particular refuge's resources.

                State, and United States mean one or more of the States of the United States, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and the territories and possessions of the United States.

                Waterfowl production area means any wetland or pothole area acquired pursuant to section 4(c) of the amended Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (72 Stat. 487; 16 U.S.C. 718d(c)), owned or controlled by the United States and administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as a part of the National Wildlife Refuge System.

                Wildlife-dependent recreational use, and Wildlife-dependent recreation mean a use of a national wildlife refuge involving hunting, fishing, wildlife observation and photography, or environmental education and interpretation. The National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966 (16 U.S.C. 668dd-668ee), specifies that these are the six priority general public uses of the National Wildlife Refuge System.

                Wildlife management area means a general term used in describing a variety of areas that are managed for wildlife purposes which may be included in the National Wildlife Refuge System.

                You means the public.
              (b) Unless otherwise stated the definitions found in 50 CFR 10.12 also apply to all of subchapter C of this title 50.
              [41 FR 9166, Mar. 3, 1976, as amended at 51 FR 7574, Mar. 5, 1986; 60 FR 62040, Dec. 4, 1995; 64 FR 14150, Mar. 24, 1999; 65 FR 62480, Oct. 18, 2000]

              § 25.13
              Other applicable laws.
              Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed to relieve a person from any other applicable requirements imposed by a local ordinance or by a statute or regulation of any State or of the United States.

            Subpart B—Administrative Provisions

              § 25.21
              When and how do we open and close areas of the National Wildlife Refuge System to public access and use or continue a use?
              (a) Except as provided below, all areas included in the National Wildlife Refuge System are closed to public access until and unless we open the area for a use or uses in accordance with the National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966 (16 U.S.C. 668dd-668ee), the Refuge Recreation Act of 1962 (16 U.S.C. 460k-460k-4) and this subchapter C. See 50 CFR 36 for details on use and access restrictions, and the public participation and closure process established for Alaska national wildlife refuges. We may open an area by regulation, individual permit, or public notice, in accordance with § 25.31 of this subchapter.
              (b) We may open a national wildlife refuge for any refuge use, or expand, renew, or extend an existing refuge use only after the Refuge Manager determines that it is a compatible use and not inconsistent with any applicable law. Lands subject to the patent restrictions imposed by Section 22(g) of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act are subject to the compatibility requirements of Parts 25 and 26 of 50 CFR except as otherwise provided in paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
              (1) We will complete compatibility determinations for uses of Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act 22(g) lands in compliance with the following requirements:
              (i) Refuge managers will work with 22(g) landowners in implementation of these regulations. The landowners should contact the Refuge Manager in advance of initiating a use and request a compatibility determination. After a compatibility determination is requested, refuge managers have no longer than ninety (90) days to complete the compatibility determination and notify the landowner of the finding by providing a copy of the compatibility determination or to inform the landowner of the specific reasons for delay. If a refuge manager believes that a finding of not compatible is likely, the Refuge Manager will notify the landowner prior to rendering a decision to encourage dialog on how the proposed use might be modified to be compatible.
              (ii) Refuge managers will allow all uses proposed by 22(g) landowners when the Refuge Manager determines the use to be compatible with refuge purposes.
              (iii) Compatibility determinations will include only evaluations of how the proposed use would affect the ability of the refuge to meet its mandated purposes. The National Wildlife Refuge System mission will not be considered in the evaluation. Refuge purposes will include both pre-ANILCA purposes and those established by ANILCA, so long as they do not conflict. If conflicts arise, ANILCA purposes will take precedence.
              (iv) A determination that a use is not compatible may be appealed by the landowner to the Regional Director. The appeal must be submitted in writing within forty-five (45) days of receipt of the determination. The appeals process provided for in 50 CFR 36.41(i) (3) through (5) will apply.
              (v) Compatibility determinations for proposed uses of 22(g) lands will only evaluate the effects of the use on the adjacent refuge lands, and the ability of that refuge to achieve its purposes, not on the effects of the proposed use to the 22(g) lands.

              (vi) Compatibility determinations for 22(g) lands that a use is compatible are not subject to re-evaluation unless the use changes significantly, significant new information is made available that could affect the compatibility determination, or if requested by the landowner.
              (vii) Refuge comprehensive conservation plans will not include 22(g) lands, and compatibility determinations affecting such lands will not to be automatically re-evaluated when the plans are routinely updated.
              (viii) Refuge special use permits will not be required for compatible uses of 22(g) lands. Special conditions necessary to ensure a proposed use is compatible may be included in the compatibility determination and must be complied with for the use to be considered compatible.
              (c) The Refuge Manager may temporarily allow or initiate any refuge use without making a compatibility determination if necessary to protect the health and safety of the public or any fish or wildlife population.
              (d) When we add lands to the National Wildlife Refuge System, the Refuge Manager will identify, prior to acquisition, withdrawal, transfer, reclassification, or donation of those lands, existing wildlife-dependent recreational public uses (if any) determined to be compatible that we will permit to continue on an interim basis, pending completion of the comprehensive conservation plan for the national wildlife refuge. We will make these compatibility determinations in accordance with procedures in § 26.41 of this subchapter.
              (e) In the event of a threat or emergency endangering the health and safety of the public or property or to protect the resources of the area, the Refuge Manager may close or curtail refuge uses of all or any part of an opened area to public access and use in accordance with the provisions in § 25.31, without advance notice. See 50 CFR 36.42 for procedures on closing Alaska national wildlife refuges.
              (f) We will re-evaluate compatibility determinations for existing wildlife-dependent recreational uses when conditions under which the use is permitted change significantly, or if there is significant new information regarding the effects of the use, or concurrently with the preparation or revision of a comprehensive conservation plan, or at least every 15 years, whichever is earlier. In addition, a refuge manager always may re-evaluate the compatibility of a use at any time.
              (g) Except for uses specifically authorized for a period longer than 10 years (such as right-of-ways), we will re-evaluate compatibility determinations for all existing uses other than wildlife-dependent recreational uses when conditions under which the use is permitted change significantly, or if there is significant new information regarding the effects of the use, or at least every 10 years, whichever is earlier. In addition, a refuge manager always may re-evaluate the compatibility of a use at any time.
              (h) For uses in existence on November 17, 2000 that were specifically authorized for a period longer than 10 years (such as right-of-ways), our compatibility re-evaluation will examine compliance with the terms and conditions of the authorization, not the authorization itself. We will frequently monitor and review the activity to ensure that the permittee carries out all permit terms and conditions. However, the Service will request modifications to the terms and conditions of these permits from the permittee if the Service determines that such changes are necessary to ensure that the use remains compatible. After November 17, 2000 no uses will be permitted or re-authorized, for a period longer than 10 years, unless the terms and conditions for such long-term permits specifically allows for modifications to the terms and conditions, if necessary to ensure compatibility. We will make a new compatibility determination prior to extending or renewing such long-term uses at the expiration of the authorization. When we prepare a compatibility determination for re-authorization of an existing right-of-way, we will base our analysis on the existing conditions with the use in place, not from a pre-use perspective.
              (i) When we re-evaluate a use for compatibility, we will take a fresh look at the use and prepare a new compatibility determination following the procedure outlined in 50 CFR 26.41.
              [65 FR 62481, Oct. 18, 2000]

              § 25.22
              Lost and found articles.
              Lost articles or money found on a national wildlife refuge are to be immediately turned in to the nearest refuge office.

              § 25.23
              What are the general regulations and information collection requirements?
              The Office of Management and Budget has approved the information collection requirements contained in subchapter C, parts 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, and 36 under 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. and assigned the following control numbers: 1018-0102 for National Wildlife Refuge Special Use Permit Applications and Reports; 1018-0140 for Hunting and Fishing Application Forms and Activity Reports for National Wildlife Refuges; and 1018-0153 for National Wildlife Refuge Visitor Check-In Permit and Use Report. We collect information to assist us in administering our programs in accordance with statutory authorities that require that recreational or other uses be compatible with the primary purposes for which the areas were established. Send comments on any aspect of these forms or the information collection requirements to the Information Collection Clearance Officer, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1849 C Street NW., MS 2042-PDM, Washington, DC 20240.
              [79 FR 14822, Mar. 17, 2014]

            Subpart C—Public Notice

              § 25.31
              General provisions.
              Whenever a particular public access, use or recreational activity of any type whatsoever, not otherwise expressly permitted under this subchapter, is permitted on a national wildlife refuge or where public access, use, or recreational or other activities previously permitted are curtailed, the public may be notified by any of the following methods, all of which supplement this subchapter C:
              (a) Official signs posted conspicuously at appropriate intervals and locations;
              (b) Special regulations issued under the provisions of § 26.33 of this subchapter C.
              (c) Maps available in the office of the refuge manager, regional director, or area director, or
              (d) Other appropriate methods which will give the public actual or constructive notice of the permitted or curtailed public access, use, or recreational activity.

            Subpart D—Permits

              § 25.41
              Who issues refuge permits?
              We authorize the refuge manager of the facility where an activity is to take place to issue permits required by this subchapter C unless the regulations in this subchapter C require the applicant to obtain the applicable permit from the Director or Secretary. In those situations, the refuge manager will so inform the applicant, giving the applicant all necessary information as to how and where to apply.
              [67 FR 58942, Sept. 18, 2002]

              § 25.42
              Permits required to be exhibited on request.
              Any person on a national wildlife refuge shall upon request by any authorized official exhibit the required Federal or State permit or license authorizing their presence and activity on the area and shall furnish such other information for identification purposes as may be requested.

              § 25.43
              Who may terminate or revoke a permit and why?
              The refuge manager may terminate or revoke a permit at any time for noncompliance with the terms of the permit or of the regulations in this subchapter C; for nonuse; for violation of any law, regulation, or order applicable to the refuge; or to protect public health or safety or the resources of a national wildlife refuge.
              [67 FR 58943, Sept. 18, 2002]

              § 25.44
              How do we grant permits for easement area uses?

              (a) The provisions of this subsection shall govern the regulation of activities that affect easement interests acquired by the United States. All other provisions of subchapter C shall apply to activities within such easement areas, but only to the extent that those provisions are directly or indirectly related to the protection of those easement interests expressly acquired by the United States which are specified in the easement agreement itself, and are not inconsistent with the provisions of this subsection.
              (b) We require permits for use of easement areas administered by us where proposed activities may affect the property interest acquired by the United States. Applications for permits will be submitted in writing to the Regional Director or a designee. We may grant special use permits to owners of servient estates, or to third parties with the owner's agreement, by the Regional Director or a designee, upon written determination that such permitted use is compatible. If we ultimately determine that the requested use will not affect the United States' interest, the Regional Director will issue a letter of non-objection.
              (c) In instances where the third applicant is a governmental entity which has acquired a partial interest in the servient estate by subsequent condemnation, a special use permit may be granted to the governmental entity without the servient estate owner's agreement if the regional director or his or her designee determines:
              (1) The permitted use is compatible; and
              (2) The permitted use is consistent with the partial property interests obtained through condemnation.
              (d) Regulations pertaining to rights-of-way in easement areas are contained in 50 CFR part 29.21.
              [51 FR 7575, Mar. 5, 1986, as amended at 65 FR 62482, Oct. 18, 2000]

              § 25.45
              Appeals procedure.
              (a) Who may appeal. Any person who is adversely affected by a refuge manager's decision or order relating to the person's permit granted by the Service, or application for permit, within the National Wildlife Refuge System. This section does not apply to permits or applications for rights-of-way. See § 29.22 for the hearing and appeals procedure on rights-of-way.
              (b) Preliminary procedure. Prior to making any adverse decision or order on a permit or application for permit, the refuge manager shall notify the permittee or applicant orally or in writing of the proposed action and its effective date. The permittee or applicant shall have twenty (20) days after notification in which to present to the refuge manager, orally or in writing, a statement in opposition to the proposed action or date. The permittee or applicant shall be notified in writing within twenty (20) days after receipt of the statement in opposition, of the refuge manager's final decision or order.
              (c) Appeals, how taken. If the refuge manager still intends to proceed with the proposed action, the permittee or applicant shall have thirty (30) days from the postmarked date of the refuge manager's final decision or order in which to file a written appeal to the appropriate area manager. The appellant (permittee or applicant) shall be notified in writing within thirty (30) days from the postmarked date of the appeal of the area manager's decision. The appellant shall have (30) days from the postmarked date of the area manager's decision to further appeal in writing to the appropriate regional director.
              (d) Decision of regional director. The regional director's decision shall be final and issued in writing to the appellant within thirty (30) days from the postmarked date of the appeal.
              (e) Oral presentation. The appellant shall be provided an opportunity for oral presentation before the area manager or the regional director within the respective thirty (30) day appeal periods.
              (f) Addresses. The addresses of the appropriate officials to whom appeals may be taken shall be furnished in each decision or order.
              (g) Suspension pending appeal. Compliance with any decision or order of a refuge manager shall not be suspended by reason of an appeal having been taken unless such suspension is authorized in writing by the area manager or regional director (depending upon the official before whom the appeal is pending), and then only upon a determination by these officials that such suspension will not be detrimental to the interests of the United States or upon submission and acceptance of a bond deemed adequate to indemnify the United States from loss or damage.
              [42 FR 64120, Dec. 22, 1977. Redesignated at 51 FR 7575, Mar. 5, 1986]

            Subpart E—Fees and Charges

              Source:
              52 FR 29860, Aug. 12, 1987, unless otherwise noted.

              § 25.51
              General provisions.
              Reasonable charges and fees may be established for public recreational use of and, except in Alaska, entrance onto national wildlife refuges. Regulations regarding recreational use fees are contained in 36 CFR part 71. Regulations regarding entrance fees are contained in this subpart E.

              § 25.52
              Designation.
              To be designated as an “Entrance Fee Area”, a unit of the National Wildlife Refuge System must be found to demonstrate that:
              (a) The level of visitation for recreational purposes is high enough to justify the collection of fees for admission permits for economic reasons;
              (b) There is a practical mechanism in existence for implementing and operating a system of collecting fees for admission permits; and
              (c) Imposition of a fee for admission permits is not likely to result in undue economic hardship for a significant number of visitors to the unit.

              § 25.53
              Establishment of single visit entrance fees.
              Entrance fees established for single visit permits at a designated Entrance Fee Area shall consider the following criteria with regard to the local area within which the refuge is located:
              (a) The direct and indirect cost to the Government.
              (b) The benefits to the permit holder.
              (c) The public policy or interest served.
              (d) The comparable fees charged by non-Federal public agencies.
              (e) The economic and administrative feasibility of fee collection.

              § 25.54
              Posting and public notification.
              The public shall be notified that an entrance fee is charged through refuge publications and posted designation signs in accordance with § 25.31 of this part.

              § 25.55
              Refuge admission permits.
              (a) Unless otherwise provided, persons entering an Entrance Fee Area shall obtain and be in possession of a valid admission permit.
              (b) The following five types of permits allowing entrance onto an Entrance Fee Area will be available for issue or purchase at such area and, except for refuge-specific permits, at Fish and Wildlife Service Regional and Washington, DC Offices, and at other locations as may be designated.
              (1) Single visit permit with a charge not to exceed $3 per person or $7.50 per noncommercial vehicle (single visit can be defined as 1-15 days, dependent upon a determination of the period of time reasonably and ordinarily necessary for such a visit at a particular refuge unit).
              (2) Golden Eagle Passport.
              (3) Golden Age Passport.
              (4) Golden Access Passport.
              (5) Federal Migratory Bird Hunting and Conservation (Duck) Stamp. To be valid, the Duck Stamp must be current and bear the signature of the holder on the front.

              § 25.56
              Enforcement.
              Permits issued or used for entrance onto Entrance Fee Areas are nontransferable. Failure to pay the entrance fee, to display upon request of an authorized official a valid permit, or to comply with other entrance fee provisions, rules or regulations, will be subject to the penalties prescribed in 50 CFR 28.31.

              § 25.57
              Exceptions and exemptions.
              At Entrance Fee Areas:
              (a) Special admission permits for uses, such as group activities, may be issued.
              (b) No entrance fee shall be charged for persons under 16 years of age.

              (c) No entrance fee shall be charged for travel by private noncommercial vehicle over any road or highway established as part of the National Federal Aid System (defined in 23 U.S.C. 101), which is commonly used by the public as a means of travel between two places which are outside the Entrance Fee Area.
              (d) No entrance fee shall be charged for travel by private noncommercial vehicle over any road or highway to any land in which such person has a property interest if such land is within any Entrance Fee Area.
              (e) Persons accompanying the holder of a valid single visit permit, Federal Duck Stamp or Golden Eagle, Age, or Access Passport in a single, private, noncommercial vehicle shall be entitled to general entrance.
              (f) Where entry is by any means other than single, private, noncommercial vehicle, the spouse, children, or parents accompanying the holder of a valid single visit permit, Federal Duck Stamp or Golden Eagle, Age, or Access Passport shall be entitled to general entrance.

            Subpart F—Concessions

              § 25.61
              General provisions.
              Public use facilities may be operated by concessionaires or cooperators under appropriate contact or legal agreement on national wildlife refuges where there is a demonstrated justified need for services or facilities including, but not limited to, boat rentals, swimming facilities, conducted tours of special natural attractions, shelters, tables, trailer lots, food, lodging, and related service.

            Subpart G—Safety Regulations

              § 25.71
              Public safety.
              Persons using national wildlife refuges shall comply with the safety requirements which are established under the provisions of this subchapter C for each individual refuge and with any safety provisions which may be included in leases, agreements, or use permits.

              § 25.72
              Reporting of accidents.
              Accidents involving damage to property, injury to the public or injury to wildlife that occur within the boundaries of any national wildlife refuge are to be reported as soon as possible, but in no event later than 24 hours after the accident, by the persons involved, to the refuge manager or other personnel on duty at the national wildlife refuge headquarters. This report does not relieve persons from the responsibility of making any other accident reports which may be required.

          Pt. 26
          PART 26—PUBLIC ENTRY AND USE

              Subpart A—Introduction
              Sec.
              26.11
              Purpose of regulations.

              Subpart B—Public Entry
              26.21
              General trespass provision.
              26.22
              General exception for entry.
              26.23
              Exception for entry to the headquarters office.
              26.24
              Exception for entry when accompanied by refuge personnel.
              26.25
              Exception for entry to persons with an economic use privilege.
              26.26
              Exception for entry for use of emergency shelter.
              26.27
              Exception for entry on designated routes of travel.

              Subpart C—Public Use and Recreation
              26.31
              General provisions.
              26.32
              Recreational uses.
              26.33
              Special regulations.
              26.34
              What are the special regulations concerning public access, use, and recreation for individual national wildlife refuges?
              26.35
              Cabin sites.
              26.36
              Public assemblies and meetings.
              26.41
              What is the process for determining if a use of a national wildlife refuge is a compatible use?

            Authority:
            5 U.S.C. 301; 16 U.S.C. 460k, 664, 668dd-668ee, and 715i; Pub. L. 96-315 (94 Stat. 958) and Pub. L. 98-146 (97 Stat. 955).

            Source:
            41 FR 9167, Mar. 3, 1976, unless otherwise noted.

            Subpart A—Introduction

              § 26.11
              Purpose of regulations.
              The regulations in this part govern the circumstances under which the public can enter and use a national wildlife refuge.

            Subpart B—Public Entry

              § 26.21
              General trespass provision.
              (a) No person shall trespass, including but not limited to entering, occupying, using, or being upon, any national wildlife refuge, except as specifically authorized in this subchapter C or in other applicable Federal regulations.
              (b) No unconfined domestic animals, including but not limited to dogs, hogs, cats, horses, sheep and cattle, shall be permitted to enter upon any national wildlife refuge or to roam at large upon such an area, except as specifically authorized under the provisions of § 26.34, § 27.91 or § 29.2 of this subchapter C.

              § 26.22
              General exception for entry.
              (a) Any person entering or using any national wildlife refuge will comply with the regulations in this subchapter C, the provisions of any special regulations and any other official notification as is appropriate under § 25.31.
              (b) A permit shall be required for any person entering a national wildlife refuge, unless otherwise provided under the provisions of subchapter C. The permittee will abide by all the terms and conditions set forth in the permit.

              § 26.23
              Exception for entry to the headquarters office.
              The headquarters office of any national wildlife refuge is open to public access and admission during regularly established business hours.

              § 26.24
              Exception for entry when accompanied by refuge personnel.
              A permit is not required for access to any part of a national wildlife refuge by a person when accompanied by refuge personnel.

              § 26.25
              Exception for entry to persons with an economic use privilege.
              Access to and travel upon a national wildlife refuge by a person granted economic use privileges on that national wildlife refuge should be restricted to a specified area in accordance with the provisions of their agreement, lease, or permit.

              § 26.26
              Exception for entry for use of emergency shelter.
              A permit is not required for access to any national wildlife area for temporary shelter or temporary protection in the event of emergency conditions.

              § 26.27
              Exception for entry on designated routes of travel.
              A permit is not required to enter, travel on, and exit from any national wildlife refuge on public waters and roads, and such roads, trails, footpaths, walkways, or other routes and areas which are designated for public use under the provisions of this subchapter C.

            Subpart C—Public Use and Recreation

              § 26.31
              General provisions.
              Public recreation will be permitted on national wildlife refuges as an appropriate incidental or secondary use, only after it has been determined that such recreational use is practicable and not inconsistent with the primary objectives for which each particular area was established or with other authorized Federal operations.

              § 26.32
              Recreational uses.
              Recreational uses such as, but not limited to, sightseeing, nature observation and photography, interpretive centers and exhibits, hunting and fishing, bathing, boating, camping, ice skating, picnicking, swimming, water skiing, and other similar activities may be permitted on national wildlife refuges. When such uses are permitted the public will be notified under the provisions of this subchapter C.

              § 26.33
              Special regulations.
              (a) Special regulations shall be issued for public use, access, and recreation within certain individual national wildlife refuges where there is a need to amend, modify, relax or make more stringent the regulations contained in this subchapter C. The issued special regulations will supplement the provisions in this part 26.
              (b) Special recreational use regulations may contain the following items:
              (1) Recreational uses authorized.

              (2) Seasons, period, or specific time of use.
              (3) Description of areas open to recreation.
              (4) Specific conditions or requirements.
              (5) Other provisions.

              (6) Special regulations for public use, access, and recreation are published in the daily issue of the Federal Register and may be codified in the Code of Federal Regulations. They shall be issued in compliance with procedures contained in the Departmental Manual.

              § 26.34
              What are the special regulations concerning public access, use, and recreation for individual national wildlife refuges?
              The following refuge units, listed in alphabetical order by State and unit name, have refuge-specific regulations for public access, use, and recreation.
              (a) Alabama—(1) Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We allow only nonmotorized boats and boats with electric motors on Gator and Little Gator Lakes.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (2) Eufaula National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit the use of motorized watercraft in all refuge waters not directly connected to Lake Eufaula.
              (ii) We prohibit the use of all air-thrust boats, including airboats, aircraft, boats with secondary fans, and hovercraft.
              (iii) We prohibit the use of personal watercraft or air-cooled propulsion engines outside of marked navigation channels.
              (iv) We prohibit the mooring or storing of boats from 11/2 hours after legal sunset to 11/2 hours before legal sunrise.
              (3) Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit mooring or storing of boats from legal sunset to legal sunrise.
              (ii) We prohibit airboats and hovercraft on all waters within the refuge boundaries.
              (iii) We prohibit inboard waterthrust boats such as, but not limited to, personal watercraft, watercycles, and waterbikes on all waters of the refuge except that portion of the Tennessee River and Flint Creek from its mouth to mile marker 3.
              (b) Arizona—(1) Bill Williams River National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit personal watercraft (PWC as governed by State law), air thrust boats, and hovercraft on all waters within the boundaries of the refuge.
              (ii) We designate all refuge waters as wakeless speed zones (as governed by State law) as indicated by signs or regulatory buoys.
              (iii) The nonmotorized watercraft launch and Central Arizona Project (CAP) peninsula are day-use only areas and are open from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 1/2 hour after legal sunset. We allow fishing and the launching of watercraft at these and other areas 24 hours a day.
              (iv) We prohibit the possession or consumption of open containers of alcohol or the possession of glass beverage containers in improved areas, including the nonmotorized watercraft launch and the CAP peninsula.
              (2) Havasu National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit the use of all air-thrust boats, including floating aircraft.
              (ii) The following conditions apply only on Topock Marsh:
              (A) We close designated portions to all entry from October 1 through the last day of the waterfowl hunt season (including the State junior waterfowl hunt).
              (B) We close designated portions to all entry from April 1 through August 31. These areas are indicated in refuge brochures and identified by buoys and or signs.
              (C) We prohibit personal watercraft (PWC, as governed by State law).
              (iii) The following conditions apply to all waters of the Colorado River within the refuge from the south regulatory buoy line to the north regulatory buoy line at Interstate 40 (approximately 17 miles (27.2 kilometers)):
              (A) We prohibit personal watercraft (PWC, as governed by State law) as indicated by signs or regulatory buoys in all backwaters.
              (B) We limit watercraft speed as indicated by signs or regulatory buoys to no wake (as governed by State law) in all backwaters.
              (C) We prohibit water-skiing, tubing, wake boarding, or other recreational-towed devices.

              (iv) The following conditions apply to improved areas within the refuge; improved areas consist of the Mesquite Bay areas, Castle Rock, the Diving Cliffs, Catfish Paradise, Five Mile Landing, and North Dike:
              (A) We prohibit entry of all motorized watercraft in all three bays of the Mesquite Bay areas as indicated by signs or regulatory buoys.
              (B) Improved areas are day-use only and are open from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 1/2 hour after legal sunset. We allow fishing and launching watercraft at these and other areas 24 hours a day.
              (C) We prohibit the possession of open containers of alcohol or the possession of glass beverage containers in improved areas.
              (c) Arkansas—(1) Bald Knob National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit mooring houseboats to the refuge bank on the Little Red River.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (2) Big Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit boats from November 1 through February 28, except on that portion of the refuge open for public fishing with electric motors and Ditch 28.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (3) Cache River National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit the mooring of houseboats to refuge property.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (4) Dale Bumpers White River National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We allow camping only in designated sites and areas identified in the refuge user brochure (signed brochure), and we restrict camping to individuals involved in wildlife-dependent activities. We limit camping on the refuge to no more than 14 days during any 30 consecutive-day period. Campers must occupy camps daily. We prohibit all disturbances, including use of generators, after 10 p.m.
              (ii) We allow refuge users to leave boats 16 feet (4.8 meters) or less in length unattended overnight from March 1 to October 31, as long as the owner clearly and prominently displays his or her boat registration number.
              (5) Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We allow camping only at designated primitive campground sites identified in the refuge hunt brochure, and we restrict camping to individuals involved in wildlife-dependent refuge activities.
              (ii) Campers may stay no more than 14 days during any 30 consecutive-day period in any campground and must occupy camps daily.
              (iii) We prohibit all disturbances, including use of generators, after 10 p.m.
              (6) Overflow National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit all boat motors (including surface drive motors, mud motors, etc.) larger than 25 horsepower.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (7) Pond Creek National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We allow camping only at designated primitive campground sites identified in the refuge hunt brochure. We restrict camping to the individuals involved in refuge wildlife-dependent activities. Campers may stay no more than 14 days during any consecutive 30-day period in a campground and must occupy the camps daily. We prohibit all disturbances, including use of generators, after 10 p.m.
              (ii) You must unload all hunting firearms and crossbows (see § 27.42(b) of this chapter) within 100 yards (90 meters) of a campground.
              (iii) We prohibit camping on the refuge while hunting off the refuge.
              (iv) We prohibit consumption or possession of opened container(s) of alcoholic beverage(s) in parking lots, on roadways, and in plain view in campgrounds.
              (v) We prohibit fires outside of campgrounds.
              (vi) We prohibit possession or use of fireworks.
              (vii) We prohibit geocaching.
              (d) California—(1) Colusa National Wildlife Refuge. (i) No person may build or maintain fires, except in portable gas stoves in designated parking/overnight stay areas.
              (ii) We only allow overnight stays in vehicles, motor homes, and trailers at the check station parking areas on Tuesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays (closed on Federal holidays).
              (iii) You must restrain dogs on a leash within all designated parking areas and vehicle access roads.
              (2) Delevan National Wildlife Refuge. (i) No person may build or maintain fires, except in portable gas stoves in designated parking/overnight stay areas.

              (ii) We only allow overnight stays in vehicles, motor homes, and trailers at the check station parking areas on Tuesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays (closed on Federal holidays).
              (iii) You must restrain dogs on a leash within all designated parking areas and vehicle access roads.
              (3) Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit air-thrust and inboard water-thrust boats.
              (ii) You may use only nonmotorized boats and boats with electric motors on designated motorless units from the start of the hunting season through November 30. You may use motorized boats on designated motorless units from December 1 through the end of hunting season.
              (4) Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge. (i) No person may build or maintain fires, except in portable gas stoves in designated parking/overnight stay areas.
              (ii) We only allow overnight stays in vehicles, motor homes, and trailers at the check station parking areas on Tuesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays (closed on Federal holidays).
              (iii) You must restrain dogs on a leash within all designated parking areas and vehicle access roads.
              (5) Sacramento River National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit fires on the refuge, except we allow portable gas stoves on gravel bars (see § 27.95(a) of this chapter).
              (ii) We open the refuge for day-use access from 2 hours before legal sunrise until 11/2 hours after legal sunset. We allow access during other hours on gravel bars only.
              (iii) On Packer Lake and Drumheller North, due to primitive access, we only allow boats up to 14 feet (4.2 meters) and canoes. Electric motors only.
              (6) San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit launching of boats and access to the Bay or sloughs from refuge property except from designated boat launch sites (Cullinan Ranch Unit and Dickson Ranch Unit).
              (ii) We allow only nonmotorized crafts at the Cullinan Ranch Unit and Dickson Ranch Unit launch sites.
              (7) Sutter National Wildlife Refuge. (i) No person may build or maintain fires, except in portable gas stoves in designated parking/overnight stay areas.
              (ii) We only allow overnight stays in vehicles, motor homes, and trailers at the check station parking areas on Tuesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays (closed on Federal holidays).
              (iii) You must restrain dogs on a leash within all designated parking areas and vehicle access roads.
              (e)-(f) [Reserved]
              (g) Delaware—(1) Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge. (i) The maximum horsepower allowed for boat motors is 30 horsepower. You must abide by the slow, no-wake zones on designated portions of refuge waterways as depicted in maps or within the brochure.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (2) [Reserved]
              (h) Florida—(1) Arthur R. Marshal Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We allow only boats equipped with factory-manufactured-water-cooled outboard motors, boats with electric motors, and nonmotorized boats. We prohibit boats with air-cooled engines, airboats, fan boats, hovercraft, and personal watercraft (e.g., Jet Skis, jet boats, wave runners).
              (ii) There is a 35 miles per hour (mph) speed limit in all waters of the refuge. A 500-foot (150-meter) “idle speed zone” is at each of the refuge's three boat ramps.
              (iii) We require all boats operating outside of the main perimeter canals (the L-40 Canal, L-39 Canal, L-7 Canal, and L-101 Canal) in interior areas of the refuge and within the hunt area to fly a 12-inch by 12-inch (30-centimeters (cm) by 30-cm) orange flag 10 feet (3 meters) above the vessel's waterline.
              (2) Chassahowitzka National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We allow airboats only on the designated airboat route within Citrus County and on all navigable waterways within Hernando County with a refuge Special Use Permit (General Activities Special Use Permit Application, FWS Form 3-1383-G) issued by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
              (ii) We prohibit the use of airboats on vegetation.
              (3) J.N. “Ding” Darling National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit kite surfing, kite boarding, wind surfing, and sail boarding.

              (ii) We allow vessels propelled only by polling, paddling, or floating in the posted “no-motor zone” of the J.N. “Ding” Darling Wilderness Area. All motors, including electric motors, must be in a nonuse position (out of the water) when in the “no-motor zone.”
              (iii) We allow vessels propelled only by polling, paddling, floating, or electric motors in the posted “pole/troll zone” of the Wulfert Flats Management Area. All non-electric motors must be in a nonuse position (out of the water) when in the “pole/troll zone.”
              (iv) We allow launching of canoes and kayaks anywhere on the right (north) side of Wildlife Drive. We prohibit launching motorized vessels over 14 feet (4.2 meters) in length from Wildlife Drive. Motorized vessels less than 14 feet (4.2 meters) in length may only be launched from designated site #2.
              (v) We prohibit airboats, hovercraft, personal watercraft, and “Go-Devil”-style outboard motors.
              (vi) Vessels must not exceed slow speed/minimum wake in refuge waters.
              (4) Lake Woodruff National Wildlife Refuge. (i) During hunting seasons, we close hunting areas on the refuge to all public use except to hunters possessing a valid permit. Hunting areas are marked on refuge maps.
              (ii) We close the refuge between legal sunset and legal sunrise.
              (iii) We prohibit the use of airboats on the refuge.
              (5) Lower Suwannee National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit leaving boats on the refuge overnight.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (6) St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit use of boats with motors over 10 horsepower on any refuge lake or pond.
              (ii) We allow use of hand-launched boats on impoundments on the St. Marks Unit from March 15 through October 15 each year. We prohibit launching of boats from trailers in the impoundments in the St. Marks Unit. We prohibit all gasoline-powered motors in the impoundments in the St. Marks Unit.
              (iii) You may not launch commercially registered boats, air-thrust boats, or personal watercraft at the saltwater boat ramp on the St. Marks Unit. We also prohibit commercial guides from launching any type of watercraft at the saltwater boat ramp on the St. Marks Unit.
              (iv) You may not launch air-thrust boats or personal watercraft from Wakulla Beach. We also prohibit commercial guides from launching any type of watercraft from Wakulla Beach.
              (7) St. Vincent National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We restrict camping and fires (see § 27.95(a) of this chapter) to the two designated camping areas. We may restrict or ban fires during dry periods.
              (ii) We prohibit the use or possession of alcoholic beverages during the refuge hunt period (see § 32.2(j) of this chapter).
              (iii) We prohibit motorized equipment, generators, or land vehicles (except bicycles).
              (iv) Visitors must observe quiet time in the campground between 9 p.m. and 5 a.m. We prohibit loud or boisterous behavior or activity.
              (v) We allow boats with electric motors. You must remove all other motors from the boats and secure them to a designated motor rack with a lock and chain.
              (vi) We allow boats in refuge lakes from May 15 through September 30.
              (8) Ten Thousand Islands National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit air-thrust boats, hovercraft, personal watercraft (e.g., Jet Skis, jet boats, wave runners), and off-road vehicles in the freshwater and brackish marsh area south of U.S. 41.
              (ii) We limit vessels to a maximum of 25 horsepower outboard motor.
              (i) Georgia—(1) Banks Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit swimming, wading, jet skiing, water skiing, and the use of airboats.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (2) Bond Swamp National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit overnight camping.
              (ii) We prohibit overnight parking.
              (iii) We allow boat launching at the Stone Creek Boat Launch. During periods of high water, we allow boats to be launched from refuge roads normally open to vehicle traffic. We allow gasoline motors only during periods of high water as defined as a reading of 18 feet (5.5 meters) or higher at the Macon Gauge on the Ocmulgee River.

              (iv) We prohibit bicycles on foot travel roads or off road. We restrict bicycles to roads designated open to vehicles.

              (3) Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We only allow foot and bicycle traffic on the refuge portion of Cowhouse Island.
              (ii) We only allow the use of 10 horsepower motors or less on the refuge.
              (iii) We prohibit paddleboarding, air boats, swimming, and wading.
              (iv) We require all boats to be off the water by posted time.
              (4) Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge. (i) The refuge is a day-use-only area, with the exception of legal hunting activities.
              (ii) We prohibit bicycles on foot travel roads or off road. We restrict bicycles to gravel roads designated open to vehicles.
              (iii) We prohibit overnight camping and/or parking except in the designated campgrounds at Pippins Lake during quota deer hunts with a valid permit (state-issued).
              (iv) We allow alcoholic beverages only in the designated campground.
              (j) [Reserved]
              (k) Idaho—(1) Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge. (i) From April 15 through September 30, we allow motorized and nonmotorized boats from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 1/2 hour after legal sunset throughout the Lake Lowell Unit.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (2) Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We only allow nonmotorized boats on the refuge.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (3) Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We allow the use of float tubes year-round, throughout all of Lake Walcott.
              (ii) We allow boats on designated areas of Lake Walcott from April 1 through October 31.
              (l) Illinois—(1) Chautauqua National Wildlife Refuge. (i) Motorboats must not exceed “no-wake” speeds.
              (ii) We prohibit the public entering Weis Lake on the Cameron-Billsbach Unit of the refuge from October 16 through January 31.
              (iii) We prohibit leaving boats on refuge waters overnight (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (2) Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We restrict motorboats on all refuge waters to slow speeds leaving “no wake” within 150 feet (45 meters) of any shoreline, swimming area, marina entrance, boat ramp, causeway tunnel, and areas indicated on the lake zoning map in the refuge fishing brochure.
              (ii) We prohibit the use of boat motors of more than 10 horsepower on Devils Kitchen and Little Grassy Lakes.
              (iii) We prohibit the use of gas-powered motors in the southeastern section of Devils Kitchen Lake (consult lake zoning map in the refuge fishing brochure).
              (3) Emiquon National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We allow the use of motorized boats at no-wake speeds on all refuge waters.
              (ii) We prohibit leaving boats on refuge waters overnight.
              (4) Meredosia National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit leaving boats on refuge waters overnight.
              (ii) Motorboats must not exceed “no-wake” speeds.
              (5) Port Louisa National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We close the following divisions to all public access:
              (A) Louisa Division—September 15 until January 1;
              (B) Horseshoe Bend Division—September 15 until December 1; and
              (C) Keithsburg Division—September 15 until January 1.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (6) Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge. Refer to paragraph (v)(2) of this section for regulations.
              (m) Indiana—(1) Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We allow boats only if rowed, paddled, or powered by an electric trolling motor on the Old Timbers Lake.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (2) Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We allow the use of boats (hand- or foot-propelled only) on Stanfield Lake. We prohibit the use of electric or gasoline motors.
              (ii) We allow the use of kayaks and nonmotorized canoes on Richart Lake.
              (3) Patoka River National Wildlife Refuge and Management Area. (i) We allow motorboats only on Snakey Point Marsh east of the South Fork River and the Patoka River. All other areas are open to either manual-powered boats or boats with battery-driven motors only.

              (ii) Motorboats must not exceed “no wake” speeds.

              (iii) We prohibit the use of powered airboats on the refuge.
              (n) Iowa—(1) Desoto National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We limit boating to “no-wake” speeds, not to exceed 5 miles per hour.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (2) Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge. Refer to paragraph (v)(2) of this section for regulations.
              (o) Kansas—(1) Kirwin National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We allow motorized boating in the main body of Kirwin Reservoir and in Bow Creek. You must not create a wake in Bow Creek or within 100 yards (90 meters) of any shoreline or island in the main body of Kirwin Reservoir. We prohibit motorized boats in the Solomon Arm of Kirwin Reservoir.
              (ii) We allow motorless boats in the Solomon Arm of Kirwin Reservoir from August 1 through September 30.
              (2) Marais des Cygnes National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We restrict outboard motor use to the westernmost 5.5 miles (8.8 kilometers) of the Marais des Cygnes River. You may use only nonmotorized boats and electric trolling motors on remaining waters in designated areas of the refuge.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (p) Kentucky—(1) Clarks River National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We allow horseback riding on refuge roads and portions of the abandoned railroad tracks owned by the refuge for access purposes while engaged in wildlife activities. We prohibit horses and mules off these secondary access routes for any reason.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (2) [Reserved]
              (q) Louisiana—(1) Bayou Sauvage National Wildlife Refuge. (i) The refuge is open from 30 minutes before legal sunrise to 30 minutes after legal sunset.
              (ii) We allow only outboard motors 25 horsepower or less in waterways inside the hurricane protection levee.
              (2) Bayou Teche National Wildlife Refuge. (i) You may use motorized boats only in existing canals, ditches, trenasses, and ponds. We prohibit motorized boat use in areas marked as nonmotorized use only.
              (ii) The refuge is open from legal sunrise until legal sunset unless stated otherwise.
              (iii) We open the Franklin Unit canals (birdfoot canals) for motorized boats between April 15 and August 31. This unit is open to nonmotorized boats all year.
              (3) Big Branch Marsh National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit air-thrust boats, aircraft, mud boats, and air-cooled propulsion engines on the refuge.
              (ii) We open the refuge to public entry from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 1/2 hour after legal sunset.
              (4) Black Bayou National Wildlife Refuge. (i) You may enter the refuge 1/2 hour before legal sunrise, and you must exit no later than 1/2 hour after legal sunset.
              (ii) You may only launch boats at the concrete ramp adjacent to the visitor center. We prohibit launching boats with motors greater than 50 horsepower.
              (iii) We prohibit leaving boats or other equipment on the refuge overnight (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (iv) We require a boat launch fee. You must pay the launch fee before launching boat.
              (v) We prohibit crossing the water hyacinth booms in a boat or traveling over idle speed within the booms.
              (5) Bogue Chitto National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We allow primitive camping within 100 feet (30 meters) of designated streams. These include either bank of the Boque Chitto River, Wilson Slough, and West Pearl River south of Wilson Slough; refuge lands along the East Pearl River; and Holmes Bayou. Campers must mark their campsite with the owner's State license/identification number, or boat identification number, and dates of occupancy placed in a conspicuous location in the center of camp.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (6) Cameron Prairie National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit overnight camping on the refuge.
              (ii) We allow only nonpowered boats in the Bank Fishing Road waterways.
              (iii) We allow operation of outboard motors in refuge canals, bayous, and lakes. We allow only trolling motors in the marsh.
              (7) Catahoula National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We allow the use of nonmotorized boats or boats with motors of 10 horsepower or less on refuge lakes and waters as designated. We prohibit the use of air-thrust boats, water-thrust boats, or personal watercraft.
              (ii) We prohibit overnight camping on the refuge.
              (iii) We prohibit overnight parking on the refuge.
              (8) Cat Island National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit overnight camping on the refuge.
              (ii) We prohibit overnight parking on the refuge.
              (iii) We prohibit air-thrust boats on the refuge.
              (iv) We prohibit boat launching by trailer from all refuge roads and parking lots except at designated boat ramps.
              (9) D'Arbonne National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit motorized boats in the No Gun Hunting Area (the “Beanfield”) from November 1 through January 31.
              (ii) We prohibit leaving boats and other personal property on the refuge overnight.
              (10) Grand Cote National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit overnight camping on the refuge.
              (ii) We prohibit overnight parking on the refuge.
              (iii) We allow only electric-powered or nonmotorized boats.
              (11) Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit overnight camping on the refuge.
              (ii) We allow boats of all motor types with 40 horsepower or less in Lacassine Pool.
              (iii) We prohibit boats in Lacassine Pool and Unit D from October 16 through March 14. We prohibit boats in Units A and C.
              (iv) We prohibit air-thrust boats, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and Jet Skis on the refuge (see § 27.31(f) of this chapter).
              (v) We prohibit dragging or driving of boats over levees.
              (vi) You must only launch trailered boats at the cement ramps at the public boat launches in Lacassine Pool.
              (vii) We only allow boats powered by paddling or trolling motors in the Unit D impoundment within Lacassine Pool.
              (12) Lake Ophelia National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We allow watercraft with motors up to 36 horsepower in Possum Bayou (north of boat ramp), Palmetto Bayou, Duck Lake, Westcut Lake, Point Basse, and Nicholas Lake.
              (ii) We allow electric-powered or nonmotorized boats in Doomes Lake, Lake Long, Possum Bayou (south of boat ramp), and Lake Ophelia.
              (iii) We prohibit overnight camping on the refuge.
              (iv) We prohibit overnight parking on the refuge.
              (13) Mandalay National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We allow air-cooled propulsion engines on the refuge.
              (ii) We prohibit air-thrust boats or marsh buggies on the refuge. We restrict motorized boat use to existing canals, ditches, trenasses, and ponds.
              (14) Sabine National Wildlife Refuge. (i) You may access the hunt areas by boat using the boat launches at the West Cove Public Use Area or by access through Burton Canal. You may access hunt areas by vehicle from Vastar Road or designated turnouts within the refuge public hunt area along State Highway 27 (see § 27.31 of this chapter) unless otherwise posted.
              (ii) We allow hand launching of small boats along Vastar Road (no trailers allowed). We allow hand launching of nonmotorized boats into Units 1A and 1B from Blue Crab Recreation Area for recreational paddling year-round.
              (iii) We allow operation of outboard motors in designated refuge canals only. We allow trolling motors within the refuge marshes.

              (iv) We prohibit air-thrust boats, personal motorized watercraft (e.g., Jet Skis), and all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) on the refuge (see § 27.31(f) of this chapter) unless otherwise posted.
              (v) We prohibit overnight camping on the refuge.
              (vi) We prohibit swimming and/or wading in the refuge canals and waterways.
              (15) Tensas River National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We allow nonmotorized boats, electric motors, and boats with motors 10 horsepower or less in refuge lakes, streams, and bayous. Boaters must follow State boating regulations, including those for navigation lights. We prohibit boat storage on the refuge.

              (ii) We allow use of nonmotorized bicycles on designated all-terrain vehicle (ATV) trails.

              (16) Upper Ouachita National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit outboard motors in the Wigeon Ponds (only trolling motors allowed).
              (ii) We prohibit launching boats from a trailer or from a nondesignated boat ramp within the Mollicy levee.
              (r) Maine—(1) Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We allow car-top launching from legal sunrise to legal sunset on the following areas of the refuge:
              (A) At Brave Boat Harbor division on Chauncey Creek at the intersection of Cutts Island Road and Sea Point Road.
              (B) At Little River division at the end of Granite Point Road into the Little River.
              (C) At Spurwink River division on the upstream side of Route 77 at the old road crossing.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (2) [Reserved]
              (s) Maryland—(1) Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit boat launching from refuge lands except from the car-top boat launch located near the Blackwater River Bridge on Route 335. Only canoes, kayaks, and small jon boats under 17 feet are considered car-top boats.
              (ii) We prohibit the use of airboats on refuge waters.
              (2) Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit boat launching from refuge lands except for canoes and kayaks at the canoe/kayak ramp located at the Ingleside Recreation Area.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (t)-(u) [Reserved]
              (v) Minnesota—(1) Big Stone National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We allow nonmotorized boats and boats using electric motors only in the Minnesota River channel. We prohibit boats on all other refuge waters.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (2) Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge—(i) Wildlife observation, photography, interpretation, environmental education, and other general recreational uses. We allow wildlife-dependent uses and other recreational uses, such as, but not limited to, sightseeing, hiking, bicycling on roads or trails, picnicking, and swimming, on areas designated by the refuge manager and shown on maps available at refuge offices, subject to the following conditions:
              (A) In areas posted and shown on maps as “No Entry—Sanctuary,” we prohibit entry as specified on signs or maps (see § 32.42 of this chapter for list of areas and locations).
              (B) In areas posted and shown on maps as “Area Closed,” “Area Closed—No Motors,” and “No Hunting Zone” (Goose Island), we ask that you practice voluntary avoidance of these areas by any means or for any purpose from October 15 to the end of the respective State duck hunting season. In areas marked “no motors,” we prohibit the use of motors on watercraft from October 15 to the end of the respective State duck hunting season (see § 32.42 of this chapter for list of areas and locations).
              (C) Commercial tours and filming (see § 27.71 of this chapter) require a permit (FWS Form 3-1383-C) issued by the refuge or district manager.
              (D) We allow the collecting of edible fruits, nuts, mushrooms, or other plant parts for personal use (no sale or barter allowed). We limit the amount you may collect to 2 gallons by volume per person, per day. We also allow the collecting of shed deer antlers for personal use.
              (E) We prohibit the harvest of wild rice; plant and animal specimens; and other natural objects, such as rocks, stones, or minerals (see § 27.21 of this chapter). We only allow the collection of plants or their parts for ornamental use by permit (FWS Form 3-1383-G) issued by the refuge or district manager.
              (F) We prohibit the cutting, removal, or damage of any tree or vegetation on the refuge without a permit from the refuge or district manager. We prohibit attaching nails, screws, or other hardware to any tree (see § 32.2(i) of this chapter).

              (G) We prohibit all vehicle use on or across refuge lands at any time except on designated routes of travel or on the ice over navigable waters accessed from boat landings. We prohibit parking beyond vehicle control barriers or on grass or other vegetation. We prohibit parking or operating vehicles in a manner that obstructs or impedes any road, trail, fire lane, boat ramp, access gate, or other facility, or in a manner that creates a safety hazard or endangers any person, property, or environmental feature. We may impound any vehicle left parked in violation at the owner's expense (see § 27.31(h) of this chapter).
              (H) We allow dogs and other domestic animals on the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (1) We prohibit dogs disturbing or endangering wildlife or people while on the refuge.
              (2) While on the refuge, all dogs must be under the control of their owners/handlers at all times or on a leash.
              (3) We prohibit allowing dogs to roam.
              (4) All dogs must be on a leash when on hiking trails, or other areas so posted.
              (5) We allow working a dog in refuge waters by tossing a retrieval dummy or other object for out-and-back exercise.
              (6) We encourage the use of dogs for hunting (see § 32.42 of this chapter), but we prohibit field trials and commercial/professional dog training.
              (7) Owners/handlers of dogs are responsible for disposal of dog droppings in refuge public use concentration areas such as trails, sandbars, and boat landings.
              (8) We prohibit horses and all other domestic animals on the refuge unless confined in a vehicle, boat, trailer, kennel, or other container (see § 26.21 of this chapter).
              (I) We prohibit the discharging of firearms (including dog training pistols and dummy launchers), air guns, or any other weapons on the refuge, unless you are a licensed hunter or trapper engaged in authorized activities during established seasons, as governed by Federal, State, and local regulations. We prohibit target practice on the refuge (see §§ 27.42 and 27.43 of this chapter).
              (J) We prohibit the use or possession of glass food and beverage containers on lands within the refuge.
              (K) We require that you keep all refuge lands clean during your period of use or occupancy. At all times you must keep all refuse, trash, and litter contained in bags or other suitable containers and not left scattered on the ground or in the water. You must remove all personal property, refuse, trash, and litter immediately upon vacating a site. We require that human solid waste and associated material be either removed and properly disposed of off-refuge or be buried on site to a depth of 6 to 8 inches (15 to 20 centimeters) and at least 50 feet (15 meters) from water's edge (see § 27.94 of this chapter).
              (ii) Watercraft. We allow the use of watercraft of all types and means of propulsion on all navigable waters of the refuge as governed by State regulations subject to the following conditions:
              (A) In areas posted and shown on maps as “Electric Motor Area,” we prohibit motorized vehicles and watercraft year-round except watercraft powered by electric motors or nonmotorized means. We do not prohibit the possession of watercraft motors in these areas, only their use. These areas are:
              (1) Island 42, Pool 5, Minnesota, 459 acres.
              (2) Snyder Lake, Pool 5A, Minnesota, 182 acres.
              (3) Mertes Slough, Pool 6, Wisconsin, 222 acres.
              (4) Browns Marsh, Pool 7, Wisconsin, 827 acres.
              (5) Hoosier Lake, Pool 10, Wisconsin, 162 acres.
              (B) In areas posted and shown on maps as “Slow No Wake Area,” we require watercraft to travel at slow, no-wake speed (as governed by applicable State law) from March 16 through October 31. We also prohibit the operation of airboats or hovercraft in these areas from March 16 through October 31. These areas are:
              (1) Nelson-Trevino, Pool 4, Wisconsin, 2,626 acres.
              (2) Denzers Slough, Pool 5A, Minnesota, 83 acres.
              (3) Black River Bottoms, Pool 7, Wisconsin, 815 acres.
              (4) Blue/Target Lake, Pool 8, Minnesota, 1,834 acres.
              (5) Root River, Pool 8, Minnesota, 695 acres.
              (6) Reno Bottoms, Pool 9, Minnesota, 2,536 acres.
              (7) Nine Mile Island, Pool 12, Iowa, 454 acres.

              (8) Princeton, Pool 14, Iowa, 327 acres.
              (C) In water access and travel routes posted and shown on maps as “Slow No Wake Zone,” we require watercraft to travel at slow, no-wake speed (as governed by applicable State law) at all times unless otherwise posted.
              (D) In portions of Spring Lake and Crooked Slough—Lost Mound, Pool 13, Illinois, posted as “Slow, 5 mph When Boats Present” and marked on maps as “Speed/Distance Regulation,” we require watercraft operators to reduce the speed of their watercraft to less than 5 miles per hour (mph) (8 kilometers per hour (kph)) when within 100 feet (30 meters) of another watercraft that is anchored or underway at 5 mph (8 kph) or less.
              (E) We prohibit the mooring, beaching, or storing of watercraft on the refuge not used at least once every 24 hours. We define “used” as a watercraft moved at least 100 feet (30 meters) on the water with the operator on board. We prohibit the mooring of watercraft within 200 feet (60 meters) of refuge boat landings or ramps. We may impound any watercraft moored in violation at the owner's expense (see § 27.32 of this chapter).
              (F) The conditions set forth in paragraphs (v)(2)(i)(A), (B), and (K) of this section apply.
              (iii) Camping. We allow camping on all lands and waters of the refuge as designated by the refuge manager and shown on maps available at refuge offices subject to the following conditions:
              (A) We define “camping” as:
              (1) Erecting a tent or shelter of natural or synthetic material;
              (2) Preparing a sleeping bag or other bedding material for use;
              (3) Parking of a motor vehicle or mooring or anchoring of a vessel, for the apparent purpose of overnight occupancy; or
              (4) Occupying or leaving personal property, including boats or other craft, at a site anytime between the hours of 11 p.m. and 3 a.m.
              (B) We prohibit camping at any one site for a period longer than 14 days during any 30-consecutive-day period. After 14 days, you must move all persons, property, equipment, and boats to a new site located at least 0.5 mile (0.8 kilometer) from the previous site.
              (C) We prohibit camping within 200 feet (60 meters) of any refuge boat landing, access area, parking lot, structure, road, trail, or other recreation or management facility.
              (D) We prohibit camping during waterfowl hunting seasons within areas posted “No Entry—Sanctuary,” “Area Closed,” “Area Closed—No Motors,” and “No Hunting Zone” or on any sites not clearly visible from the main commercial navigation channel of the Mississippi River (see § 32.42 of this chapter).
              (E) You must occupy campsites daily. We prohibit the leaving of tents, camping equipment, or other property unattended at any site for over 24 hours, and we may impound any equipment left in violation at the owner's expense. We define “occupy” and “attended” as being present at a site for a minimum of 2 hours daily.
              (F) You must remove any tables, fireplaces, or other facilities erected upon vacating a camping or day-use site.
              (G) We allow campfires in conjunction with camping and day-use activities subject to the following conditions (see §§ 27.95 and 32.42 of this chapter):
              (1) You may only use dead wood on the ground, or materials brought into the refuge such as charcoal or firewood. You must remove any unused firewood brought into the refuge upon departure due to the threat of invasive insects.
              (2) We prohibit building, attending, and maintaining a campfire without sufficient clearance from flammable materials so as to prevent its escape.
              (3) We prohibit building a fire at any developed facility, including, but not limited to, boat landings, access areas, parking lots, roads, trails, or any other recreation or management facility or structure.
              (4) We prohibit burying live fires or hot coals when vacating a campfire site.
              (5) We prohibit burning or attempting to burn any nonflammable materials or any materials that may produce toxic fumes or leave hazardous waste. These materials include, but are not limited to, metal cans, plastic containers, glass, fiberglass, treated wood products, wood containing nails or staples, wire, flotation materials, or other refuse.
              (H) The conditions set forth in paragraphs (v)(2)(i)(D) through (K) of this section apply.
              (w) Mississippi—(1) Grand Bay National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit the use of airboats, mudboats, motorized pirogues, and air-cooled propulsion engines on the refuge.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (2) Hillside National Wildlife Refuge. (i) With the exception of raccoon hunting and frogging, we limit all refuge entry and exit to the period of 4 a.m. to 11/2 hours after legal sunset.
              (ii) We allow all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) and utility-type vehicles (UTVs) only on designated trails from September 15 through February 28.
              (3) Holt Collier National Wildlife Refuge. (i) With the exception of raccoon hunting, we limit all refuge entry and exit to the period of 4 a.m. to 11/2 hours after legal sunset.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (4) Mathews Brake National Wildlife Refuge. (i) With the exception of raccoon hunting and frogging, we limit all refuge entry and exit to the period of 4 a.m. to 11/2 hours after legal sunset.
              (ii) Beginning the day before duck season opens and ending the last day of duck season, we close refuge waters to all public use from 1 p.m. until 4 a.m.
              (5) Morgan Brake National Wildlife Refuge. (i) With the exception of raccoon hunting and frogging, we limit refuge entry and exit to the period of 4 a.m. to 11/2 hours after legal sunset.
              (ii) We allow all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) and utility-type vehicles (UTVs) only on designated trails from September 15 through February 28.
              (6) Panther Swamp National Wildlife Refuge. (i) With the exception of raccoon hunting and frogging, we limit refuge entry and exit to the period of 4 a.m. to 11/2 hours after legal sunset.
              (ii) We allow all-terrain vehicles (ATVs)/utility-type vehicles (UTVs) only on designated trails from September 15 through February 28.
              (7) Sam D. Hamilton Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit the use of airboats, sailboats, hovercrafts, and inboard-water-thrust boats such as, but not limited to, personal watercraft, watercycles, and waterbikes.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (8) St. Catherine Creek National Wildlife Refuge. (i) You must hand-launch boats except at designated boat ramps, where you may trailer-launch them.
              (ii) We allow all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) and utility-type vehicles (UTVs) as governed by State waterfowl management area (WMA) regulations and size specifications on designated trails from scouting season until February 28.
              (iii) You must be age 16 or older to operate an ATV or UTV on the refuge.
              (iv) We prohibit overnight parking.
              (9) Yazoo National Wildlife Refuge. (i) With the exception of raccoon hunting, we limit refuge entry and exit to the period of 4 a.m. to 11/2 hours after legal sunset.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (x) [Reserved]
              (y) Montana—(1) Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We only allow the use of nonmotorized boats.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (2) Black Coulee National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We only allow the use of nonmotorized boats.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (3) Bowdoin National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We only allow the use of nonmotorized boats.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (4) Hewitt Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit air-thrust boats and boats with motors greater than 25 horsepower.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (5) Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge—(i) Boats. We only allow nonmotorized boats in the hunt area east of the Lower Red Rock Lake dam. We allow boats with motors 10 horsepower or less west of Lower Red Rock Lake dam.
              (ii) Camping. (A) We allow camping only in two established campgrounds. We prohibit camping along roadsides.
              (B) We restrict camping to 16 consecutive days within any 30-day period.
              (C) We prohibit horses in the campgrounds.

              (D) From March 1 to December 1, all bear attractants, including, but not limited to, food, garbage, and carcasses or parts thereof, must be acceptably stored at night (unless in immediate use) and during the day if unattended. Acceptably stored means any of the following:
              (1) Suspended at least 10 feet high and 4 feet from any vertical support 100 yards from any camp or hiking trail;
              (2) Secured in a certified bear-safe container; or
              (3) Secured in a hard-sided vehicle, including an enclosed camper or horse trailer.
              (z) Nebraska—(1) Boyer Chute National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We allow boating at no-wake speeds, not to exceed 5 miles per hour (8 kilometers per hour), on side or back channels. We prohibit all watercraft in the Boyer Chute waterway or other areas as posted.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (2) Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We only allow boating and float tubes on Island Lake. We prohibit use of internal combustion motors for boats on Island Lake.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (3) Rainwater Basin Wetland Management District. (i) We prohibit the use of motorboats. We allow only nonpowered motorboats and those powered by electric motors (see § 27.32 of this chapter).
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (aa) Nevada—(1) Pahranagat National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We only allow motorless boats or boats with electric motors on the Upper Lake, Middle Marsh, and Lower Lake, with the exception that we close Upper Lake to all boating from October 1 through February 1.
              (ii) We prohibit the use of boats, rubber rafts, or other flotation devices on the North Marsh.
              (2) Ruby Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit boats on refuge waters from January 1 through June 14.
              (ii) During the boating season, we allow boats only on the South Marsh. From June 15 through July 31, we allow only motorless boats or boats with battery-powered electric motors. Anglers must remove all gasoline-powered motors. From August 1 through December 31, we allow only motorless boats and boats propelled with motors with a total of 10 horsepower or less.
              (iii) We allow launching of boats only from designated landings.
              (3) Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We only allow nonmotorized boats or boats with electric motors.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (4) Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit boating outside of the waterfowl and youth waterfowl hunting season except in Swan Check Lake, where we allow nonmotorized boating all year.
              (ii) We prohibit boats on Swan Lake, the northeast corner of North Nutgrass Lake, and the north end of Pintail Bay. We allow the use of nonmotorized carts, sleds, floating blinds, and other floating devices in these areas to transport hunting equipment and to conceal hunters, but not to transport hunters.
              (iii) We only allow outboard motor boats on Lead Lake, Tule Lake, Goose Lake, South Nutgrass Lake, the southeast corner of North Nutgrass Lake, and south end of Pintail Bay.
              (iv) We only allow air-thrust boats on Goose Lake, South Nutgrass Lake, the southeast corner of North Nutgrass Lake, and the south end of Pintail Bay.
              (v) You may not operate air-thrust boats until 1 hour after the legal shooting time on opening day of waterfowl season.
              (vi) We require air-thrust boat owners to get a Special Use Permit (FWS Form 3-1383-G) from the refuge manager and to display a number on their airboats.
              (vii) We allow nonmotorized boats on all lakes and bays except Swan Lake, the northeast corner of North Nutgrass Lake, and the north end of Pintail Bay.
              (viii) We allow camping only in designated areas.
              (bb)-(dd) [Reserved]
              (ee) New York—(1) Iroquois National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We only allow the use of nonmotorized boats.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (2) [Reserved]
              (ff) North Carolina—(1) Mattamuskeet National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We allow motorized and nonmotorized fishing boats, canoes, and kayaks from March 1 through October 31.
              (ii) We prohibit airboats, sailboats, Jet Skis, and windboards.
              (2) Pee Dee National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit boats utilizing gasoline-powered motors.

              (ii) You must unload and load boats by hand on all waters except those having designated launch ramps.
              (iii) We prohibit swimming.
              (3) Pocosin Lakes National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We only prohibit boats on Pungo Lake.
              (ii) We prohibit leaving a boat anywhere on the refuge overnight.
              (gg) North Dakota—(1) J. Clark Salyer National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We only allow nonmotorized boats or boats with electric motors.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (2) Lake Ilo National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We open the refuge to boating from May 1 through September 30.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (3) Long Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We restrict boats to 25 horsepower maximum.
              (ii) We restrict boats to the period from May 1 through September 30.
              (4) Silver Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We allow boats on Silver Lake and on refuge waters south of the confluence of the Mauvais Coulee and Little Coulee from May 1 through September 30 of each year.

              (ii) We prohibit water activities not related to fishing (e.g., sailing, skiing, tubing, etc.).
              (5) Tewaukon National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We open the refuge to boating from May 1 through September 30.
              (ii) We allow snowmobiles, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), utility terrain vehicles (UTVs), motor vehicles, and fish houses on the ice as conditions allow.
              (6) Upper Souris National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit the use of bicycles or similar vehicles on the refuge.
              (ii) We prohibit the use of amphibious vehicles or personal watercraft on the refuge.
              (hh) Ohio—(1) Cedar Point National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We allow nonmotorized boats and flotation devices in designated areas.
              (ii) We prohibit the use of off-road vehicles and snowmobiles on refuge lands.
              (2) Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge. (i) The Crane Creek and Crane Creek Estuary are closed to all boats and flotation devices from State Route 2 to the mouth of Crane Creek at Lake Erie.
              (ii) We allow nonmotorized boats and flotation devices in designated areas.
              (iii) We prohibit the use of off-road vehicles and snowmobiles on refuge lands.
              (ii) Oklahoma—(1) Sequoyah National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We allow boats, and you must operate them under applicable State laws and comply with all licensing and marking regulations from their State of origin.
              (ii) We prohibit boating on the closed portion of Sally Jones Lake from September 1 to March 31.
              (iii) We prohibit alcoholic beverages.
              (2) Tishomingo National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit glass containers.

              (ii) We prohibit airboats, hovercrafts, and personal watercraft (e.g., Jet Skis, wave runners, jet boats) year round on refuge waters.
              (iii) We prohibit swimming and water sports.
              (3) Washita National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We do not allow boats and other flotation devices on refuge waters from October 15 through March 14.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (4) Wichita Mountains National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We allow hand-powered boats only on Jed Johnson, Rush, Quanah Parker, and French Lakes.
              (ii) Anglers may use electric trolling motors on boats 14 feet or less in length only on Jed Johnson, Rush, Quanah Parker, and French Lakes.
              (jj) Oregon—(1) Baskett Slough National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit overnight camping on the refuge.
              (ii) We prohibit parking on the refuge after the refuge is closed to public entry.
              (2) Cold Springs National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit overnight camping.
              (ii) We prohibit overnight parking.
              (iii) We allow use of only nonmotorized boats and boats with electric motors.
              (3) Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit the use of air-thrust and water-thrust boats.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (4) McKay Creek National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit overnight camping.
              (ii) We prohibit overnight parking.
              (5) Umatilla National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit overnight camping.
              (ii) We prohibit overnight parking.
              (6) Upper Klamath National Wildlife Refuge. (i) Motorized boats must not exceed 10 miles per hour in any stream, creek, or canal, and on that portion of Pelican Bay west of a line beginning at designated points on the north shore of Pelican Bay 1/4 mile (402 meters) east of Crystal Creek and extending due south to the opposite shore of the lake.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (kk)-(ll) [Reserved]
              (mm) South Carolina—(1) Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit camping on the refuge except for designated archery hunters on Bulls Island and individuals obtaining a Special Use Permit (FWS Form 3-1383-G) from the refuge manager.
              (ii) We allow boats to operate in salt water. We prohibit motorized equipment on the refuge islands or in refuge inholdings.
              (iii) We prohibit private boats in the refuge boat basins at Garris Landing and Bulls Island. We clearly mark these areas with Closed Area signs.
              (iv) We prohibit overnight parking at Garris Landing, except for archery hunters during the designated refuge archery white-tailed deer season and individuals obtaining a Special Use Permit (FWS Form 3-1383-G) from the refuge manager.
              (v) We close Marsh Island, White Banks, and Sandy Point to public entry from February 15 through September 15 to protect nesting birds. This closed area extends from the low mean water mark to the highest elevation on these islands.
              (2) Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We allow nonmotorized boats and boats with electric motors. We allow boats with permanently mounted gas motors as long as you lock the propeller out of the water. You must hand load and unload boats except at designated boat ramps. We prohibit skidding boats up or down dams or on water control structures. We provide boat ramps at Pool D, Pool L, Honkers Lake, and Mays Lake.
              (ii) We prohibit swimming and wading in any areas of the refuge.
              (3) Santee National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit overnight camping.
              (ii) We prohibit overnight parking.
              (iii) We prohibit overnight mooring of boats.
              (iv) We prohibit swimming and wading.
              (v) We allow pets only in designated areas, and they must remain on a leash or within vehicles/vessels.
              (vi) We prohibit nighttime access to boat-launching areas.
              (vii) We prohibit mooring or attaching boats to any refuge boundary marker, post, or navigational post within refuge waters.

              (viii) We prohibit air-thrust boats, hovercraft, airboats, and personal watercraft (e.g., Jet Skis) within the waters of and/or boundary of the refuge.
              (nn) South Dakota—(1) LaCreek National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We allow boat use only on Pools 3, 4, 7, and 10, and the Little White River Recreation Area.
              (ii) We prohibit the use of internal combustion motors in Pools 3, 4, 7, and 10.
              (2) Sand Lake Wetland Management District. (i) We allow the use of motorized boats.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (oo) Tennessee—(1) Chickasaw National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We seasonally close the refuge sanctuary area to the public from November 15 through March 15.
              (ii) We allow horses only on roads open to motorized traffic.
              (2) Cross Creeks National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit leaving boats unattended on the refuge after daylight use hours.
              (ii) We prohibit swimming in refuge impoundments and from boat ramps and boat docks.
              (3) Hatchie National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We seasonally close the sanctuary areas of the refuge to the public from November 15 through March 15.
              (ii) We allow horses only on roads open to motorized traffic.
              (iii) We allow the use of nonmotorized boats and boats with electric motors only; we prohibit the use of gas and diesel motors on refuge lakes except in the waterfowl hunting area.
              (4) Lake Isom National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We seasonally close the sanctuary areas of the refuge to the public from November 15 through March 15.
              (ii) We allow horses only on roads open to motorized traffic.

              (iii) We allow boats with only electric or outboard motors of 10 horsepower or less.

              (5) Lower Hatchie National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We seasonally close the sanctuary area of the refuge and the southern unit of Sunk Lake Public Use Natural Area to the public from November 15 through March 15.
              (ii) We allow horses only on roads open to motorized traffic.
              (iii) We allow the use of only nonmotorized boats and boats with electric motors on Sunk Lake Public Use Natural Area.
              (6) Reelfoot National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We seasonally close the sanctuary areas of the refuge to the public from November 15 through March 15.
              (ii) We allow horses only on roads open to motorized traffic.

              (iii) We prohibit airboats, hovercraft, or personal watercraft (e.g., Jet Skis) on any waters within the refuge boundary.
              (7) Tennessee National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We limit boats to no wake speed on all refuge impoundments.
              (ii) We prohibit swimming in refuge impoundments and from boat ramps and boat docks.
              (pp) Texas—(1) Anahuac National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit boats and other flotation devices on inland waters.
              (ii) You may launch motorized boats in East Bay at the East Bay Boat Ramp on Westline Road and at the Oyster Bayou Boat Ramp (boat canal). We prohibit the launching of airboats or personal watercraft on the refuge.
              (iii) You may launch nonmotorized boats only along East Bay Bayou and along the shoreline of East Galveston Bay.
              (2) Aransas National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit camping on the refuge.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (3) Big Boggy National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit camping on the refuge.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (4) Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit camping in all public hunting areas and parking lots.
              (ii) We prohibit campfires in all public hunting areas and parking lots.
              (iii) We allow only nonmotorized boat launching at designated areas.
              (5) Hagerman National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit glass containers on the refuge.
              (ii) We prohibit boats and other floating devices on all open waters of Lake Texoma, except Big Mineral Creek from October 1 through March 14 annually.
              (iii) At the point where Big Mineral Creek joins Lake Texoma, Big Mineral Creek becomes a year-round no wake zone to the end of upstream navigable waters.
              (iv) From October 1 through March 14, we allow only nonmotorized boats in Big Mineral Creek from the point where it joins Lake Texoma to the upstream end of navigable waters. You may not have any type of gas or electric motor onboard that is capable of use. You may launch boats from a boat ramp only from L Pad Road or by hand at the Big Mineral Day Use Area.
              (6) Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We only allow camping at Adolph Thomae Jr. County Park.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (7) Lower Rio Grande Valley National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit overnight camping.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (8) McFaddin National Wildlife Refuge. (i) On inland waters of the refuge open to motorized boats, we restrict the use of boats powered by air-cooled or radiator-cooled engines to those powered by a single engine of 25 horsepower or less and utilizing a propeller 9 inches (22.5 centimeters) in diameter or less.
              (ii) On inland waters of the refuge open to motorized boats, we restrict the operation of motorized boats to lakes, ponds, ditches, and other waterways. We prohibit the operation of motorized boats on or through emergent wetland vegetation.
              (9) San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit camping in all public hunting areas and parking lots.
              (ii) We prohibit campfires in all public hunting areas and parking lots.
              (10) Texas Point National Wildlife Refuge. (i) On inland waters of the refuge open to motorized boats, we restrict the use of boats powered by air-cooled or radiator-cooled engines to those powered by a single engine of 25 horsepower or less and utilizing a propeller 9 inches (22.5 centimeters) in diameter or less.

              (ii) On inland waters of the refuge open to motorized boats, we restrict the operation of motorized boats to lakes, ponds, ditches, and other waterways. We prohibit the operation or motorized boats on or through emergent wetland vegetation.
              (11) Trinity River National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We limit motors to a maximum of 10 horsepower.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (qq)-(rr) [Reserved]
              (ss) Virginia—(1) Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge—(i) Access: Qualifications and specifications. (A) As provided for in Public Law 96-315, we issue permits to permanent, full-time residents who can furnish to the refuge manager, Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge, adequate proof of continuous and continuing residency, commencing prior to December 31, 1979, on the Outer Banks from the refuge boundary south to and including the village of Corolla, North Carolina, as long as they remain permanent, full-time residents. The south boundary of the area for access consideration is defined as a straight east-west line extending from Currituck Sound to the Atlantic Ocean and passing through a point 1,600 feet due south of the Currituck lighthouse. “Residence” means a place of general abode; “Place of general abode” means a person's principal, actual dwelling place in fact, without regard to intent. A “dwelling” means a residential structure occupied on a year-round basis by the permit applicant and shall not include seasonal or part-time dwelling units such as beach houses, vacation cabins, or structures which are intermittently occupied.
              (B) As provided for in Public Law 98-146, up to 15 additional permits shall be granted to those persons meeting any one of the following conditions:
              (1) A resident as of July 1, 1982, who held a valid Service access permit for improved property owners at any time during the period from July 29, 1976, through December 31, 1979.
              (2) Anyone in continuous residency since 1976, in the area bounded on the north by the refuge boundary, and on the south by a straight line passing through a point in the east-west prolongation of the centerline of Albacore Street, Whaleshead Club Subdivision, Currituck County, North Carolina.
              (3) Any permanent, full time resident as of April 1, 1983, residing in the area outlined in paragraph (ss)(1)(i)(B)(2) of this section and not otherwise eligible, who can substantiate to the Secretary of the Interior that access is essential to their maintaining a livelihood, as long as they maintain full-time continuous employment in the Norfolk, Virginia, area may qualify for access.
              (C) The burden of proving that the prospective permittee meets these criteria shall be on the applicant by presentation of adequate documentation to the refuge manager. Permittees may be required to submit additional documentation of their eligibility to the refuge manager in order to maintain access. Permits (FWS Form 3-1383-G) will be issued only to those who legally qualify for them.
              (D) Only one permit will be issued per family. All permits issued will be terminated in the event that alternate access becomes available during the permit period.
              (E) Permits are issued for the purpose of providing entry and exit across the refuge beach to the permittee's residence. Personal access is limited to permittees, and their families, relatives, and guests while being transported in the permittee's vehicle. “Personal access” means private, non-commercial use. Permits are not transferable by sale or devise.
              (F) All vehicle occupants must provide positive identification upon the request of any refuge official.
              (ii) Access: Routes of travel. Access to, and travel along, the refuge beach by motorized vehicles may be allowed between the dune crossing at the key card operated gate near the refuge headquarters, and the south boundary of the refuge only after a permit has been issued or authorization provided by the refuge manager. Travel along the refuge beach by motorized vehicle shall be below the high tide line, within the intertidal zone, to the maximum extent practicable. This may require permittees to adjust their travel times to avoid high tides which would require the use of the emergency storm access/evacuation route over the east dike.
              (iii) Access: Number of trips allowed. Permittees and members of their immediate families residing with them are limited to a total of two round trips per day per household.
              (iv) Access: Hours of travel. Travel along the designated route is allowed 24 hours per day from October 1 through April 30. Travel is restricted to the hours of 5 a.m. to 12 a.m. (midnight) from May 1 through September 30.
              (v) Access: Medical emergencies. (A) Private vehicles used in a medical emergency will be granted access. A “medical emergency” means any condition that threatens human life or limb unless medical treatment is immediately obtained.
              (B) The vehicle operator is required to provide the refuge manager with a doctor's statement confirming the emergency within 36 hours after the access has occurred.
              (vi) Access: Military, fire, or emergency vehicles. (A) Military, fire, emergency or law enforcement vehicles used for emergency purposes may be granted access.
              (B) Vehicles used by an employee/agent of the Federal, State or local government, in the course of official duty other than for emergency purposes, may be granted access upon advance request to the refuge manager.
              (C) Continuous or recurring use of the refuge beach for other than emergency purposes shall require the issuance of a permit (FWS Form 3-1383-G) from the refuge manager.
              (vii) Access: Public utility vehicles. Public utility vehicles used on official business will be granted access. A permit (FWS Form 3-1383-G) specifying the times and types of access will be issued by the refuge manager. A “public utility vehicle” means any vehicle owned or operated by a public utility company enfranchised to supply Outer Banks residents with electricity or telephone service.
              (viii) Access: Essential commercial service vehicles. (A) Essential commercial service vehicles on business calls during the hours of 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Friday will be granted access, only upon prior approval of the refuge manager when responding to a request from a permittee. Such requests may be verbal or in writing. Access by essential commercial service vehicles will be granted only after all other reasonable alternatives to access through the refuge have been exhausted as determined by the refuge manager.
              (B) “Commercial service vehicle” means any vehicle owned or operated by or on behalf of an individual, partnership, or corporation that is properly licensed to engage entirely in the business of furnishing emergency repair services, including, but not limited to, plumbing, electrical, and repairs to household appliances.
              (C) The refuge manager, upon reasonable notification, will be able to authorize essential service/emergency repair access, outside the prescribed time periods, for emergency situations should they arise.
              (ix) False Cape State Park employees. False Cape State Park and Virginia Game Commission employees who are residents in the park will be considered as permanent, full-time residents as defined in paragraph (ss)(1)(i) of this section with access privileges identical to those of other permittees with beach access privileges.
              (x) Access: Commercial fishermen, businesses, and their employees. (A) Commercial fishermen who have verified that their fishing operations on the Outer Banks of Virginia Beach, Virginia, or Currituck County, North Carolina, have been dependent since 1972 on entry and exit to or across the refuge are granted permits (FWS Form 3-1383-G) for access. Travel through the refuge by commercial fishermen from Currituck County, North Carolina, will be permitted only when directly associated with commercial fishing operations. Drivers and passengers on trips through the refuge are limited to commercial fishing crew members. A “commercial fisherman” means one who harvests finfish by gill net or haul seine in the Atlantic Ocean, and who has owned and operated a commercial fishing businesses continuously since 1972. Commercial permits are not transferable by sale or devise. The level of commercial permittee travel across the refuge shall not increase above the average yearly levels maintained in the 1985-1987 period.

              (B) Other businesses who have verified that their business operations on the Outer Banks of Currituck County, North Carolina, have been dependent since 1972 on entry and exit to or across the refuge will be granted permits (FWS Form 3-1383-G) for access in accordance with the limitations outlined in paragraph (ss)(1)(x)(A) of this section.
              (C) Each commercial fisherman or other business may be granted a maximum of five designated employees to travel the refuge beach for commercial fishing or other business-related purposes only. Commercial fishing employees may carry only other commercial fishing employees as passengers. Other business employees may carry only other employees of that business. The hauling of trailers associated with the conduct of commercial fishing or other business activities is authorized.

              (D) Employees of commercial fishermen and/or other businesses who apply for access permits (FWS Form 3-1383-G) shall have the burden of proving, by the presentation of appropriate documentation to the refuge manager, that they are an “employee” for purposes of this section. “Appropriate documentation” is defined as the submission of standardized and verifiable employment forms including: Signed W-2 and W-4 forms, IRS form #1099, official earnings statements for specified periods, employee income tax withholding submissions to State and Federal tax offices (e.g., IRS form W-3 with W-2s attached), State unemployment tax information, or other proof of actual employment. Documentation for each employee must be submitted in advance of access being granted, or, for new employees, within 30 days of their starting date. Failure to provide verification of employment for new employees within 30 days will result in termination of access privileges.
              (xi) Access: Suspension or waiver of rules in this paragraph (ss)(1). (A) In an emergency, the refuge manager may suspend any or all of the restrictions in this paragraph (ss)(1) on vehicular travel and announce each suspension by whatever means are available. In the event of adverse weather conditions, the refuge manager may close all or any portion of the refuge to vehicular traffic for such periods as deemed advisable in the interest of public safety.
              (B) The refuge manager may make exceptions to access restrictions, if they are compatible with refuge purposes, for qualified permittees who have demonstrated to the refuge manager a need for additional access relating to health or livelihood.
              (C) The refuge manager may grant one-time use authorization for vehicular access through the refuge to individuals, not otherwise qualified in paragraph (ss)(1)(xi)(B) of this section, who have demonstrated to the refuge manager that there is no feasible alternative to the access requested. Authorization for access under this paragraph (ss)(1)(xi)(C) will not be based on convenience to the applicant.
              (xii) Access: Violation of rules in this paragraph (ss)(1). Violators of the regulations in this paragraph (ss)(1) pertaining to Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge are subject to legal action as prescribed by 50 CFR 25.43 and 50 CFR part 28, including suspension or revocation of all permits issued to the violator or responsible permittee. The refuge manager may deny access permits to applicants who, during the 2 years immediately preceding the date of application, have formally been charged and successfully prosecuted for three or more violations of these or other regulations in effect at Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge. Individuals whose vehicle access privileges are suspended, revoked, or denied may, within 30 days, file a written appeal of the action to the Assistant Regional Director, Refuges and Wildlife, at the address for the Northeast Regional Office provided at 50 CFR 2.2(e), in accordance with 50 CFR 25.45(c).
              (xiii) Other access rules in this paragraph (ss)(1). (A) No permit will remain in effect beyond December 31 of the year in which it was issued. Permits may be renewed upon the submission of appropriate updated information relating to the permit, and a signed statement that the conditions under which the previous permit was issued have not changed. In the event of any changes of conditions under which the permit is granted, the permittee shall notify the refuge manager in writing within 30 days. Failure to report changes may result in suspension/revocation of the permit.
              (B) Vehicles shall be operated on the refuge beach only by the permittee or other authorized drivers. Permit holders shall not tow, transport, or operate vehicles owned by non-permit holders through the refuge. Non-commercial permit holders may tow utility and boat trailers when being used for their personal use only. Any towed vehicle shall have advance approval from the refuge manager prior to being brought through the refuge. The access privilege in this paragraph (ss)(1)(xiii)(B) is not to be used for any commercial purpose.
              (C) The refuge manager may prescribe restrictions as to the types of vehicles to be permitted to ensure public safety and adherence to all applicable rules and regulations.
              (D) A magnetic card will be issued to each authorized driver only for his or her operation of the computer-controlled gate. No more than two cards will be issued per family. Only one vehicle will be permitted to pass for each gate opening. Unauthorized use of the magnetic card may result in suspension of the permit. A fee will be charged to replace lost or misplaced cards. Malfunctioning cards will be replaced at no charge.
              (E) Access is granted for the purpose of travel to and from the permittee's residence and/or place of business. Access is not authorized for the purpose of transporting individuals for hire, or for the transport of prospective real estate clients to or from the Outer Banks of North Carolina, or for any other purpose not covered by this paragraph (ss)(1).
              (xiv) General rules in this paragraph (ss)(1)—(A) Entry on foot, bicycle, or motor vehicle. Entry on foot, bicycle, or by motor vehicle on designated routes is allowed one-half hour before sunrise to one-half hour after sunset for the purposes of nature observation and study, photography, hiking, surf fishing, and bicycling.
              (B) Beach-oriented uses. Designated areas of the refuge beach are open to wildlife/wildlands-oriented recreation only as outlined in paragraph (ss)(1)(xiv)(A) of this section. Entry to the beach is via designated access points only.
              (C) Parking. Limited parking at the refuge office/visitor contact station is allowed only in designated spaces. Parking is available on a first-come, first-served basis for persons engaged in wildlife/wildlands-oriented recreation only as outlined in paragraph (ss)(1)(xiv)(A) of this section.
              (D) Fires. All fires are prohibited.
              (E) Pets. Dogs and other pets, on a hand-held leash not exceeding 10 feet in length, are allowed from October 1 through March 31.
              (F) Sand dunes. Pedestrians and vehicular traffic in the sand dunes are prohibited.
              (G) Groups. Use by all groups exceeding 10 individuals will require a Special Use Permit (FWS Form 3-1383-G), issued by the refuge manager.
              (H) Motorized vehicles. Registered motor vehicles and motorized bicycles (mopeds) are allowed on the paved refuge access road and parking lot at refuge headquarters. All other motorized vehicular use is prohibited, except as specifically authorized pursuant to this paragraph (ss)(1).
              (2) [Reserved]
              (tt) Washington—(1) Billy Frank Jr. Nisqually National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit boat launching on the refuge.
              (ii) The maximum speed limit is 5 miles per hour for boats in all refuge waters.
              (2) Columbia National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit overnight camping.
              (ii) We prohibit overnight parking.
              (3) Conboy Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit overnight camping.
              (ii) We prohibit overnight parking.
              (4) Hanford Reach National Monument/Saddle Mountain National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit overnight camping.
              (ii) We prohibit overnight parking.
              (iii) We allow only nonmotorized boats and boats with electric motors on the WB-10 Pond (Wahluke Lake) and with walk-in access only.
              (5) McNary National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit overnight camping.
              (ii) We prohibit overnight parking.
              (6) Toppenish National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit overnight camping.
              (ii) We prohibit overnight parking.
              (7) Umatilla National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit overnight camping.

              (ii) We prohibit overnight parking.
              (8) Willapa National Wildlife Refuge. (i) We prohibit camping on the refuge except in designated campgrounds on Long Island for up to 14 days.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (uu) [Reserved]
              (vv) Wisconsin—(1) Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge. Refer to paragraph (v)(2) of this section for regulations.
              (2) [Reserved]
              (ww) Wyoming—(1) Seedskadee National Wildlife Refuge. (i) You must only launch or pick up trailered boats at the following boat ramps: Dodge Bottom, Hayfarm, Lombard, and Six-Mile.
              (ii) [Reserved]
              (2) [Reserved]
              (xx) Information collection requirements. The information collection requirements contained in this section have been approved by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) under 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. and assigned clearance number 1018-0140. The information is being collected to provide the refuge managers the information needed to decide whether or not to allow the requested use. A response is required in order to obtain a benefit. The Service may not conduct or sponsor, and you are not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. Direct comments regarding the burden estimate or any other aspect of these information collection requirements to the Service's Information Collection Clearance Officer at the address provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b).
              [84 FR 47660, Sept. 10, 2019]

                Editorial Note:
                For Federal Register citations to regulations affecting temporary and special regulations on national wildlife refuges, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding Aids section of the printed volume and at www.govinfo.gov.

              § 26.35
              Cabin sites.
              (a) There shall be no new private cabin site permits issued for national wildlife refuges. All appropriate provisions of 43 CFR part 21 apply to the phaseout of existing permits on national wildlife refuges.
              (b) No new government owned cabin site permits for private recreational purposes shall be issued nor shall existing permits be renewed.

              § 26.36
              Public assemblies and meetings.
              (a) Public meetings, assemblies, demonstrations, parades and other public expressions of view may be permitted within a national wildlife refuge open to public use, provided a permit therefore has been issued by the refuge manager.
              (b) Any application for such permit shall set forth the name of the applicant, the date, time, duration, nature and place of the proposed event, an estimate of the number of persons expected to attend, and a statement of equipment and facilities to be used in connection therewith.
              (c) The refuge manager may issue a permit on proper application unless:
              (1) A prior application for the same time and place has been made which has been or will be granted; or
              (2) The activity will present a clear and present danger to public health or safety, or undue disturbance to the other users or resources of the area; or
              (3) The activity is of such nature that it cannot be reasonably accommodated in the particular national wildlife refuge; or
              (4) The activity conflicts with the purposes of the national wildlife refuge.
              (d) The permit may contain such conditions as are reasonably consistent with protection and use of the national wildlife refuge for the purpose for which it is maintained. It may also contain reasonable limitations on the time and area within which the activity is permitted.

              § 26.41
              What is the process for determining if a use of a national wildlife refuge is a compatible use?

              The Refuge Manager will not initiate or permit a new use of a national wildlife refuge or expand, renew, or extend an existing use of a national wildlife refuge, unless the Refuge Manager has determined that the use is a compatible use. This section provides guidelines for making compatibility determinations, and procedures for documenting compatibility determinations and for periodic review of compatibility determinations. We will usually complete compatibility determinations as part of the comprehensive conservation plan or step-down management plan process for individual uses, specific use programs, or groups of related uses described in the plan. We will make all compatibility determinations in writing.
              (a) What information do we include in a compatibility determination? All compatibility determinations will include the following information:
              (1) The proposed or existing use;
              (2) The name of the national wildlife refuge;
              (3) The authorities used to establish the national wildlife refuge;
              (4) The purpose(s) of the national wildlife refuge;
              (5) The National Wildlife Refuge System mission;
              (6) The nature and extent of the use including the following:
              (i) What is the use? Is the use a priority public use?;
              (ii) Where would the use be conducted?;
              (iii) When would the use be conducted?;
              (iv) How would the use be conducted?; and
              (v) Why is the use being proposed?.
              (7) An analysis of costs for administering and managing each use;
              (8) The anticipated impacts of the use on the national wildlife refuge's purposes and the National Wildlife Refuge System mission;
              (9) The amount of opportunity for public review and comment provided;
              (10) Whether the use is compatible or not compatible (does it or will it materially interfere with or detract from the fulfillment of the National Wildlife Refuge System mission or the purpose(s) of the national wildlife refuge);
              (11) Stipulations necessary to ensure compatibility;
              (12) A logical explanation describing how the proposed use would, or would not, materially interfere with or detract from the fulfillment of the National Wildlife Refuge System mission or the purpose(s) of the national wildlife refuge;
              (13) The Refuge Manager's signature and date signed; and
              (14) The Regional Chief's concurrence signature and date signed.
              (15) The mandatory 10- or 15-year re-evaluation date.
              (b) Making a use compatible through replacement of lost habitat values or other compensatory mitigation. We will not allow compensatory mitigation to make a proposed refuge use compatible, except by replacement of lost habitat values as provided in paragraph (c) of this section. If we cannot make the proposed use compatible with stipulations we cannot allow the use.
              (c) Existing right-of-ways. We will not make a compatibility determination and will deny any request for maintenance of an existing right-of-way which will affect a unit of the National Wildlife Refuge System, unless: the design adopts appropriate measures to avoid resource impacts and includes provisions to ensure no net loss of habitat quantity and quality; restored or replacement areas identified in the design are afforded permanent protection as part of the national wildlife refuge or wetland management district affected by the maintenance; and all restoration work is completed by the applicant prior to any title transfer or recording of the easement, if applicable. Maintenance of an existing right-of-way includes minor expansion or minor realignment to meet safety standards.
              (d) Termination of uses that are not compatible. When we determine an existing use is not compatible, we will expeditiously terminate or modify the use to make it compatible. Except with written authorization by the Director, this process of termination or modification will not exceed 6 months from the date that the compatibility determination is signed.
              [65 FR 62482, Oct. 18, 2000]

          Pt. 27
          PART 27—PROHIBITED ACTS

              Subpart A—Introduction
              Sec.
              27.11
              Purpose of regulations.

              Subpart B—Taking Violations
              27.21
              General provisions.

              Subpart C—Disturbing Violations: With Vehicles
              27.31
              General provisions regarding vehicles.
              27.32
              Boats.
              27.33
              Water skiing.
              27.34
              Aircraft.

              Subpart D—Disturbing Violations: With Weapons
              27.41
              General provisions.
              27.42
              Firearms.
              27.43
              Weapons other than firearms.

              Subpart E—Disturbing Violations: Against Plants and Animals
              27.51
              Disturbing, injuring, and damaging plants and animals.
              27.52
              Introduction of plants and animals.

              Subpart F—Disturbing Violations: Against Nonwildlife Property
              27.61
              Destruction or removal of property.
              27.62
              Search for and removal of objects of antiquity.
              27.63
              Search for and removal of other valued objects.
              27.64
              Prospecting and mining.
              27.65
              Tampering with vehicles and equipment.

              Subpart G—Disturbing Violations: Filming, Photography, and Light and Sound Equipment
              27.71
              Commercial filming and still photography and audio recording.
              27.72
              Audio equipment.
              27.73
              Artificial lights.

              Subpart H—Disturbing Violations: Personal Conduct
              27.81
              Alcoholic beverages.
              27.82
              Possession and delivery of controlled substances.
              27.83
              Indecency and disorderly conduct.
              27.84
              Interference with persons engaged in authorized activities.
              27.85
              Gambling.
              27.86
              Begging.

              Subpart I—Other Disturbing Violations
              27.91
              Field trials.
              27.92
              Private structures.
              27.93
              Abandonment of property.
              27.94
              Disposal of waste.
              27.95
              Fires.
              27.96
              Advertising.
              27.97
              Private operations.

            Authority:
            5 U.S.C. 685, 752, 690d; 16 U.S.C. 460k, 460l-6d, 664, 668dd, 685, 690d, 715i, 715s, 725; 43 U.S.C. 315a.

            Source:
            41 FR 9168, Mar. 3, 1976, unless otherwise noted.

            Subpart A—Introduction

              § 27.11
              Purpose of regulations.
              The regulations in this part 27 govern those acts by the public which are prohibited at all times except as permitted in this part, part 26, and part 25, subpart D—Permits.
              [42 FR 56954, Oct. 31, 1977]

            Subpart B—Taking Violations

              § 27.21
              General provisions.
              No person shall take any animal or plant on any national wildlife refuge, except as authorized under 50 CFR 27.51 and parts 31, 32, and 33 of this subchapter C.

            Subpart C—Disturbing Violations: With Vehicles

              § 27.31
              General provisions regarding vehicles.
              Travel in or use of any motorized or other vehicles, including those used on air, water, ice, snow, is prohibited on national wildlife refuges except on designated routes of travel, as indicated by the appropriate traffic control signs or signals and in designated areas posted or delineated on maps by the refuge manager and subject to the following requirements and limitations:
              (a) Unless specifically covered by the general and special regulations set forth in this chapter, the laws and regulations of the State within whose exterior boundaries a national wildlife refuge or portion thereof is located shall govern traffic and the operation and use of vehicles. Such State laws and regulations which are now or may hereafter be in effect are hereby adopted and made a part of the regulations in this part.
              (b) No operator of a vehicle shall be under the influence of intoxicating beverages or controlled substances.

              (c) Driving or operating any vehicle carelessly or heedlessly, or in willful or wanton disregard for the rights or safety of other persons, or without due care or at a speed greater than is reasonable and prudent under prevailing conditions, having regard to traffic, weather, wildlife, road, and light conditions, and surface, width, and character of the travel way is prohibited. Every operator shall maintain such control of the vehicle as may be necessary to avoid danger to persons or property or wildlife.
              (d) The vehicle speed limit shall not exceed 25 m.p.h. except as otherwise legally posted.
              (e)(1) Every motor vehicle shall at all time be equipped with a muffler in good working order, and which cannot be removed or otherwise altered while the vehicle is being operated on a national wildlife refuge. To prevent excessive or unusual noise no person shall use a muffler cut-out, bypass, or similar device upon a motor vehicle. A vehicle that produces unusual or excessive noise or visible pollutants is prohibited.
              (2) A refuge manager, by posting of appropriate signs or by marking on a map which shall be available at the refuge headquarters, may require that any motor vehicle operating in the designated area shall be equipped with a spark arrestor that meets Standard 5100-1a of the U.S. Forest Service, Department of Agriculture which standard includes the requirements that such spark arrestor shall have an efficiency to retain or destroy at least 80 percent of carbon particles, for all flow rates, and that such spark arrestor has been warranted by its manufacturer as meeting the above mentioned efficiency requirement for at least 1,000 hours, subject to normal use, with maintenance and mounting in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations.
              (f) The operation of a vehicle which does not bear valid license plates and is not properly certified, registered, or inspected in accordance with applicable State laws is prohibited.
              (g) Driving or permitting another person to drive a vehicle without valid license is prohibited. A valid driver's or operator's license must be displayed upon the request of any authorized official.
              (h) Stopping, parking or leaving any vehicle, whether attended or unattended, upon any road, trail, or fire lane so as to obstruct the free movement of other vehicles is prohibited, except in the event of accident or other conditions beyond the immediate control of the operator, or as otherwise directed by an authorized official.
              (i) All persons shall obey the lawful order or signal of any authorized official directing, controlling, or regulating the movement of traffic.
              (j) Load, weight and width limitations, as may be necessary, shall be prescribed and the public advised under provisions of § 25.31. Such limitations must be complied with by the operators of all vehicles.
              (k) A motor vehicle involved in an accident is not to be moved until an authorized official arrives at the scene of the accident, unless such vehicle constitutes a traffic or safety hazard.
              (l) A motor vehicle shall not be operated at anytime without proper brakes and brake lights, or from sunset to sunrise without working headlights and taillights which comply with the regulations for operation on the roads of the State within whose boundaries the refuge is located.
              (m) Such other requirements which are established under the provisions of this subchapter C.

              § 27.32
              Boats.
              (a) The use of boats in national wildlife refuges is prohibited except as may be authorized under and subject to the requirements set forth below.
              (b) When the use of boats is permitted on any national wildlife refuge, the public will be notified under the provisions of this subchapter C and the following operational requirements and limitations will apply:
              (1)(i) In addition to the regulations contained in this part, the U.S. Coast Guard Regulations, titles 33 and 46 CFR, are applicable on navigable waters of the United States.

              (ii) Unless specifically covered by the general and special regulations set forth in this chapter, the laws and regulations of the State within whose exterior boundaries a national wildlife refuge or portion thereof is located shall govern boating and the operation and use of boats. Such laws and regulations which are now or may hereafter be in effect are hereby adopted and made a part of the regulations in this part.
              (2) No operator or person in charge of any boat shall operate or knowingly permit any other person to operate a boat in a reckless or negligent manner, or in a manner so as to endanger or be likely to endanger any person, property or wildlife.
              (3) No person shall operate or be in actual physical control of a boat while under the influence of intoxicating beverages or controlled substances.
              (4) No person shall operate a boat in a manner which will unreasonably interfere with other boats or with free and proper navigation of the waterways of the areas. Anchoring in heavily traveled channels or main thoroughfares shall constitute such interference if unreasonable in the prevailing circumstances.
              (5) No person shall operate a boat on refuge waters that has a marine head (toilet) unless it conforms to Environmental Protection Agency regulations regarding sewage discharge.
              (6) Every sailboat when underway from sunset to sunrise shall carry and exhibit a bright white light visible all around the horizon for a distance of two miles.
              (7) Leaving any boat unattended, outside of designated mooring or beaching areas, for a period in excess of 72 hours without written permission of the refuge manager is prohibited and any boat so left may be impounded by the refuge manager.
              (8) Government-owned docks, piers, and floats are not to be used for loading and unloading of boats, except in emergencies or unless specifically authorized by the refuge manager.

              § 27.33
              Water skiing.
              When water skiing is permitted upon national wildlife refuge waters, the public will be notified under the provisions of this subchapter C and the following requirements and limitations will apply:
              (a) Water skiing is permitted only during daylight hours and during periods posted or otherwise designated under the provisions of this subchapter C.
              (b) When a skier is in “tow” there must be two persons in the boat at all times, with one person not operating the boat, acting as an observer of the skier in tow.
              (c) The direction of a tow boat when circling will be counter clockwise.
              (d) Skiers must wear U.S. Coast Guard approved ski belts, life jackets or buoyant vests.
              (e) Water skiing is prohibited within 300 feet of harbors, swimming beaches, and mooring areas, and within 100 feet of any designated swimming area.

              § 27.34
              Aircraft.
              The unauthorized operation of aircraft, including sail planes, and hang gliders, at altitudes resulting in harassment of wildlife, or the unauthorized landing or take-off on a national wildlife refuge, except in an emergency, is prohibited. National wildlife refuge boundaries are designated on up-date FAA aeronautical charts.

            Subpart D—Disturbing Violations: With Weapons

              § 27.41
              General provisions.
              Carrying, possessing, or discharging firearms, fireworks, or explosives on national wildlife refuges is prohibited unless specifically authorized under the provisions of this subchapter C.

              § 27.42
              Firearms.
              Only the following persons may possess, use, or transport firearms on national wildlife refuges in accordance with this section and applicable Federal and State law:
              (a) Persons using firearms for public hunting under the provisions of 50 CFR part 32.
              (b) Persons carrying unloaded firearms, that are dismantled or cased, in vehicles and boats over routes of travel designated under the provision of subchapter C.
              (c) Persons authorized to use firearms for the taking of specimens of wildlife for scientific purposes.
              (d) Persons authorized by special regulations or permits to possess or use firearms for the protection of property, for field trials, and other special purposes.

              (e) Notwithstanding any other provision in this Chapter, persons may possess, carry, and transport concealed, loaded, and operable firearms within a national wildlife refuge in accordance with the laws of the state in which the wildlife refuge, or that portion thereof, is located, except as otherwise prohibited by applicable Federal law.
              [46 FR 47230, Sept. 25, 1981, as amended at 73 FR 74971, Dec. 10, 2008]

              § 27.43
              Weapons other than firearms.
              The use or possession of cross bows, bows and arrows, air guns, spears, gigs, or other weapons on national wildlife refuges is prohibited except as may be authorized under the provision of this subchapter C.
              [46 FR 47230, Sept. 25, 1981]

            Subpart E—Disturbing Violations: Against Plants and Animals

              § 27.51
              Disturbing, injuring, and damaging plants and animals.
              (a) Disturbing, injuring, spearing, poisoning, destroying, collecting or attempting to disturb, injure, spear, poison, destroy or collect any plant or animal on any national wildlife refuge is prohibited except by special permit unless otherwise permitted under this subchapter C.
              (b) [Reserved]

              § 27.52
              Introduction of plants and animals.
              Plants and animals or their parts taken elsewhere shall not be introduced, liberated, or placed on any national wildlife refuge except as authorized.

            Subpart F—Disturbing Violations: Against Nonwildlife Property

              § 27.61
              Destruction or removal of property.
              The destruction, injury, defacement, disturbance, or the unauthorized removal of any public property including natural objects or private property on or from any national wildlife refuge is prohibited.

              § 27.62
              Search for and removal of objects of antiquity.
              No person shall search for or remove from national wildlife refuges objects of antiquity except as may be authorized by 43 CFR part 3.

              § 27.63
              Search for and removal of other valued objects.
              (a) No person shall search for buried treasure, treasure trove, valuable semi-precious rocks, stones, or mineral specimens on national wildlife refuges unless authorized by permit or by provision of this subchapter C.
              (b) Permits are required for archeological studies on national wildlife refuges in accordance with the provisions of this subchapter C.

              § 27.64
              Prospecting and mining.
              Prospecting, locating, or filing mining claims on national wildlife refuges is prohibited unless otherwise provided by law. See § 29.31 for provisions concerning mineral leasing.
              [41 FR 9168, Mar. 3, 1976, as amended at 44 FR 42976, July 23, 1979]

              § 27.65
              Tampering with vehicles and equipment.
              Tampering with, entering, or starting any motor vehicle, boat, equipment or machinery or attempting to tamper with, enter, or start any motor vehicle, boat, equipment or machinery on any national wildlife refuge without proper authorization is prohibited.

            Subpart G—Disturbing Violations: Filming, Photography, and Light and Sound Equipment

              § 27.71
              Commercial filming and still photography and audio recording.
              (a) We authorize commercial filming and still photography on national wildlife refuges under the provisions of 43 CFR part 5.
              (b) Audio recording does not require a permit unless:
              (1) It takes place at location(s) where or when members of the public are not allowed;
              (2) It uses equipment that cannot be carried or held by one person;
              (3) It uses equipment that requires an external power source; or

              (4) We would incur additional administrative costs to provide management and oversight of the permitted activity to:

              (i) Avoid unacceptable impacts and impairment to wildlife or resource values;
              (ii) Minimize health or safety risks to the visiting public
              (c) Failure to comply with any provision of 43 CFR part 5 is a violation of this section.
              (d) The location fee schedule for still photography conducted according to a permit issued under 43 CFR part 5 will apply to audio recording permits issued under this part.
              (e) We will collect and retain cost recovery charges associated with processing permit requests and monitoring the permitted activities.
              (f) Information collection. A Federal agency may not conduct or sponsor and you are not required to respond to a collection of information, unless it displays a currently valid Office of Management and Budget (OMB) control number. The information collection requirements contained in this section have been approved by the OMB under 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. and assigned control number 1018-0102. The information is being collected to provide agency managers data necessary to issue permits and grant administrative benefits. The obligation to respond is required to obtain or retain a benefit. You may send comments on this information collection requirement to the Information Collection Clearance Officer, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1849 C Street NW., Mailstop 2042-PDM, Washington, DC 20240.
              [78 FR 52097, Aug. 22, 2013]

              § 27.72
              Audio equipment.
              The operation or use of audio devices including radios, recording and playback devices, loudspeakers, television sets, public address systems and musical instruments so as to cause unreasonable disturbance to others in the vicinity is prohibited.

              § 27.73
              Artificial lights.
              No unauthorized person shall use or direct the rays of a spotlight or other artificial light, or automotive headlights for the purpose of spotting, locating, or taking any animal within the boundaries of any national wildlife refuge or along rights-of-way for public or private roads within a national wildlife refuge.

            Subpart H—Disturbing Violations: Personal Conduct

              § 27.81
              Alcoholic beverages.
              Entering or remaining in any national wildlife refuge when under the influence of alcohol, to a degree that may endanger oneself or other persons or property or unreasonably annoy persons in the vicinity, is prohibited.

              § 27.82
              Possession and delivery of controlled substances.
              (a) Definitions for the purpose of this section:
              (1) The term controlled substance means a drug or other substance, or immediate precursor, included in schedules I, II, III, IV, or V of part B of the Controlled Substance Act (21 U.S.C. 812) or any drug or substance added to these schedules pursuant to the terms of the Controlled Substance Act.
              (2) The term practitioner means a physician, dentist, veterinarian, scientific investigator, pharmacist, or other person licensed, registered, or otherwise permitted by the United States or the jurisdiction in which he practices to distribute or possess a controlled substance in the course of professional practice.
              (3) The term delivery means the actual, attempted or constructive transfer and/or distribution of a controlled substance, whether or not there exists an agency relationship.
              (b) Offenses. (1) The delivery of any controlled substance on a national wildlife refuge is prohibited, except that distributed by a practitioner in accordance with applicable law.
              (2) The possession of a controlled substance on a national wildlife refuge is prohibited unless such substance was obtained by the possessor directly, or pursuant to a valid prescription or order, from a practitioner acting in the course of his professional practice, or except as otherwise authorized by applicable law.

              (3) Presence in a national wildlife refuge when under the influence of a controlled substance to a degree that may endanger oneself, or another person, or property, or may cause unreasonable interference with another person's enjoyment of a national wildlife refuge is prohibited.

              § 27.83
              Indecency and disorderly conduct.
              Any act of indecency or disorderly conduct as defined by State or local laws is prohibited on any national wildlife refuge.

              § 27.84
              Interference with persons engaged in authorized activities.
              Disturbing, molesting, or interfering with any employee of the United States or of any local or State government engaged in official business, or with any private person engaged in the pursuit of an authorized activity on any national wildlife refuge is prohibited.

              § 27.85
              Gambling.
              Gambling in any form, or the operation of gambling devices, for money or otherwise, on any national wildlife refuge is prohibited.

              § 27.86
              Begging.
              Begging on any national wildlife refuge is prohibited. Soliciting of funds for the support or assistance of any cause or organization is also prohibited unless properly authorized.

            Subpart I—Other Disturbing Violations

              § 27.91
              Field trials.
              The conducting or operation of field trials for dogs on national wildlife refuges is prohibited except as may be authorized by special permit.

              § 27.92
              Private structures.
              No person shall without proper authority construct, install, occupy, or maintain any building, log boom, pier, dock, fence, wall, pile, anchorage, or other structure or obstruction in any national wildlife refuge.

              § 27.93
              Abandonment of property.
              Abandoning, discarding, or otherwise leaving any personal property in any national wildlife refuge is prohibited.

              § 27.94
              Disposal of waste.
              (a) The littering, disposing, or dumping in any manner of garbage, refuse sewage, sludge, earth, rocks, or other debris on any national wildlife refuge except at points or locations designated by the refuge manager, or the draining or dumping of oil, acids, pesticide wastes, poisons, or any other types of chemical wastes in, or otherwise polluting any waters, water holes, streams or other areas within any national wildlife refuge is prohibited.
              (b) Persons using a national wildlife refuge shall comply with the sanitary requirements established under the provisions of this subchapter C for each individual refuge; the sanitation provisions which may be included in leases, agreements, or use permits, and all applicable Federal and State laws.

              § 27.95
              Fires.
              On all national wildlife refuges persons are prohibited from the following:
              (a) Setting on fire or causing to be set on fire any timber, brush, grass, or other inflammable material including camp or cooking fires, except as authorized by the refuge manager or at locations designated for that purpose or as provided for under § 26.33(c) of this subchapter C.
              (b) Leaving a fire unattended or not completely extinguished;
              (c) Throwing a burning cigarette, match, or other lighted substance from any moving conveyance or throwing of same in any place where it may start a fire; and
              (d) Smoking on any lands, including roads, or in any buildings which have been designated and/or posted with no smoking signs.

              § 27.96
              Advertising.
              Except as may be authorized, posting, distributing, or otherwise displaying private or public notices, advertisements, announcements, or displays of any kind in any national wildlife refuge, other than business designations on private vehicles or boats is prohibited.

              § 27.97
              Private operations.

              Soliciting business or conducting a commercial enterprise on any national wildlife refuge is prohibited except as may be authorized by special permit.

          Pt. 28
          PART 28—ENFORCEMENT, PENALTY, AND PROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBCHAPTER C

              Subpart A—Introduction
              Sec.
              28.11
              Purpose of regulations.

              Subpart B—Enforcement Authority
              28.21
              General provisions.

              Subpart C—Penalty Provisions
              28.31
              General penalty provisions.
              28.32
              Penalty provisions concerning fires and timber.

              Subpart D—Impoundment Procedures
              28.41
              Impoundment of abandoned property.
              28.42
              Impounding of domestic animals.
              28.43
              Destruction of dogs and cats.

            Authority:
            5 U.S.C. 301; 16 U.S.C. 460k, 664, 668dd, 685, 690d, 715i, 725; 43 U.S.C. 315a.

            Source:
            41 FR 9171, Mar. 3, 1976, unless otherwise noted.

            Subpart A—Introduction

              § 28.11
              Purpose of regulations.
              The regulations in this part govern enforcement, penalty, and procedural requirements for violations of subchapter C of this chapter.
              [81 FR 79970, Nov. 14, 2016]

            Subpart B—Enforcement Authority

              § 28.21
              General provisions.

              Refuge managers and other authorized personnel are authorized pursuant to authority delegated from the Secretary and which has been published in the Federal Register (Administrative Manual 4 AM 4.2) to protect fish and wildlife and their habitat and prevent their disturbance, to protect Service lands, property, facilities, or interests therein and to insure the safety of the using public to the fullest degree possible. The control of recreational use will be enforced to meet these purposes pursuant to Federal, State, and local laws and regulations: The provisions of this subchapter C and any special regulations issued pursuant thereto; and the prohibitions and restrictions as posted.
              [41 FR 9171, Mar. 3, 1976, as amended at 44 FR 42976, July 23, 1979; 51 FR 7575, Mar. 5, 1986]

            Subpart C—Penalty Provisions

              § 28.31
              General penalty provisions.
              (a) Any person who violates any of the provisions, rules, regulations, posted signs, or special regulations of this subchapter C, or any items, conditions or restrictions in a permit, license, grant, privilege, or any other limitation established under the subchapter C shall be subject to the penalty provisions of this section.
              (b) Failure of any person, utilizing the resources of any national wildlife refuge or enjoying any privilege of use thereon for any purpose whatsoever, to comply with any of the provisions, conditions, restrictions, or requirements of this subchapter C or to comply with any applicable provisions of Federal or State law may render such person liable to:
              (1) The penalties as prescribed by law. (Sec. 4, 76 Stat. 654, 16 U.S.C. 460k-3; Sec. 4, 80 Stat. 927, as amended, 16 U.S.C. 668dd(e); Sec. 7, 60 Stat. 1080, 16 U.S.C. 666a; Sec. 6, 40 Stat. 756, as amended, 16 U.S.C. 707; Sec. 7, 48 Stat. 452, 16 U.S.C. 718g; Sec. 2, 33 Stat. 614, as amended, 18 U.S.C. 41.)
              (2) [Reserved]

              § 28.32
              Penalty provisions concerning fires and timber.
              (a) Any person violating sections 1855-1856 of the Criminal Code (18 U.S.C. 1855-1856) as they pertain to fires on national wildlife refuge lands of the United States shall be subject to civil action and to the penalty provisions of the law.
              (b) Any person violating sections 1852-1853 of the Criminal Code (18 U.S.C. 1852-1853) as they pertain to timber on national wildlife refuge lands of the United States shall be subject to civil action and to the penalty provisions of the law.

            Subpart D—Impoundment Procedures

              § 28.41
              Impoundment of abandoned property.
              Any property abandoned or left unattended without authority on any national wildlife refuge for a period in excess of 72 hours is subject to removal. The expense of the removal shall be borne by the person owning or claiming ownership of the property. Such property is subject to sale or other disposal after 3 months, in accordance with section 203m of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1959, as amended (40 U.S.C. 484m), and regulations issued thereunder. Former owners may apply within 3 years for reimbursement for such property, subject to disposal and storage costs and similar expenses, upon sufficient proof of ownership.

              § 28.42
              Impounding of domestic animals.
              (a) Any animal trespassing on the lands of any national wildlife refuge may be impounded and disposed of in accordance with State statutes insofar as they may be applicable. In the absence of such State statutes, the animals shall be disposed of in accordance with this section.
              (b) If the owner is known, prompt written notice of the impounding will be served in person with written receipt obtained or delivery by certified mail with return receipt requested. In the event of his failure to remove the impounded animal within five (5) days from receipt of such notice, it will be sold or otherwise disposed of as prescribed in this section.
              (c) If the owner is unknown, no disposition of the animal shall be made until at least fifteen (15) days have elapsed from the date of a legal notice of the impounding has been posted at the county courthouse and 15 days after the second notice published in a newspaper in general circulation in the county in which the trespass took place.
              (d) The notice shall state when and where the animal was impounded and shall describe it by brand or earmark or distinguishing marks or by other reasonable identification. The notice shall specify the time and place the animal will be offered at public sale to the highest bidder, in the event it is not claimed or redeemed. The notice shall reserve the right of the official conducting the sale to reject any and all bids so received.
              (e) Prior to such sale, the owner may redeem the animal by submitting proof of ownership and paying all expenses of the United States for, capturing, impounding, advertising, care, forage, and damage claims.
              (f) If an animal impounded under this section is offered at public sale and no bid is received or if the highest bid received is an amount less than the claim of the United States, the animal may be sold at private sale for the highest amount obtainable, or be condemned and destroyed or converted to the use of the United States. Upon the sale of any animal in accordance with this section, the buyer shall be issued a certificate of sale.
              (g) In determining the claim of the Federal Government in all livestock trespass cases on national wildlife refuges, the value of forage consumed shall be computed at the commercial unit rate prevailing in the locality for that class of livestock. In addition, the claim shall include damages to national wildlife refuge property injured or destroyed, and all the related expenses incurred in the impounding, caring for and disposing of the animal. The salary of Service employees for the time spent in and about the investigations, reports, and settlement or prosecution of the case shall be prorated in computing the expense. Payment of claims due the United States shall be made by certified check or postal money order payable to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

              § 28.43
              Destruction of dogs and cats.
              Dogs and cats running at large on a national wildlife refuge and observed by an authorized official in the act of killing, injuring, harassing or molesting humans or wildlife may be disposed of in the interest of public safety and protection of the wildlife.

          Pt. 29
          PART 29—LAND USE MANAGEMENT

              Subpart A—General Rules
              Sec.
              29.1
              May we allow economic uses on national wildlife refuges?
              29.2
              Cooperative land management.
              29.3-29.4
              [Reserved]
              29.5
              Fees.

              Subpart B—Rights-of-Way General Regulations
              29.21
              What do these terms mean?
              29.21-1
              Purpose and scope.
              29.21-2
              Application procedures.
              29.21-3
              Nature of interest granted.
              29.21-4
              Terms and conditions.
              29.21-5
              Construction.
              29.21-6
              Disposal, transfer or termination of interest.
              29.21-7
              What payment do we require for use and occupancy of national wildlife refuge lands?
              29.21-8
              Electric power transmission line rights-of-way.
              29.21-9
              Rights-of-way for pipelines for the transportation of oil, natural gas, synthetic liquid or gaseous fuels, or any refined product produced therefrom.
              29.22
              Hearing and appeals procedures.

              Subpart C—Mineral Operations
              29.31
              Mineral ownerships in the United States.
              29.32
              Non-Federal mineral rights.

              Subpart D—Management of Non-Federal Oil and Gas Rights

                Purpose and Scope
                29.40
                What are the purpose and scope of the regulations in this subpart?
                29.41
                When does this subpart apply to me?
                29.42
                What authorization do I need to conduct operations?
                29.43
                If I am already operating under Service authorization, what do I need to do?
                29.44
                If I am operating without prior Service authorization, what do I need to do?

                Definitions
                29.50
                What do the terms used in this subpart mean?

                Pre-Existing Operations
                29.60
                Do I need an operations permit for my pre-existing operation?
                29.61
                What information must I provide to the Service?
                29.62
                What if I intend to conduct new operations or modify my pre-existing operations?
                29.63
                What plugging and reclamation requirements apply to my pre-existing operations?
                29.64
                What other provisions apply to my operations?

                Temporary Access Permits
                29.70
                When do I need a temporary access permit?
                29.71
                How do I apply for a temporary access permit?
                29.72
                When will the Service grant a temporary access permit?
                29.73
                How much time will I have to conduct my reconnaissance surveys?

                Accessing Oil and Gas Rights From a Non-Federal Surface Location
                29.80
                Do I need a permit for accessing oil and gas rights from a non-Federal location?

                Operations Permit: Application
                29.90
                Who must apply for an operations permit?
                29.91
                What should I do before filing an application?
                29.92
                May I use previously submitted information?
                29.93
                Do I need to submit information for all possible future operations?
                29.94
                What information must be included in all applications?
                29.95
                What additional information must be included if I am proposing geophysical exploration?
                29.96
                What additional information must be included if I am proposing drilling operations?
                29.97
                What additional information must be included if I am proposing production operations?

                Operations Permit: Application Review and Approval
                29.100
                How will the Service process my application?
                29.101
                How will the Service conduct an initial review?
                29.102
                How will the Service conduct a formal review?
                29.103
                What standards must be met to approve my application?
                29.104
                What actions may the Service take on my operations permit application?

                Operating Standards
                29.110
                What are the purposes of the Service's operating standards?
                29.111
                What general facility design and management standards must I meet?
                29.112
                What fish and wildlife protection standards must I meet?
                29.113
                What hydrologic standards must I meet?
                29.114
                What safety standards must I meet?

                29.115
                What lighting and visual standards must I meet?
                29.116
                What noise reduction standards must I meet?
                29.117
                What reclamation and protection standards must I meet?
                29.118
                What additional operating standards apply to geophysical operations?
                29.119
                What additional operating standards apply to drilling and production operations?

                General Terms and Conditions
                29.120
                What terms and conditions apply to all operators?
                29.121
                What monitoring and reporting is required for all operators?
                29.122
                For how long is my operations permit valid?

                Access Fees
                29.140
                May I cross Federal property to reach the boundary of my oil and gas right?
                29.141
                Will the Service charge me a fee for access?
                29.142
                Will I be charged a fee for emergency access to my operations?

                Financial Assurance
                29.150
                When do I have to provide financial assurance to the Service?
                29.151
                How does the Service establish the amount of financial assurance?
                29.152
                Will the Service adjust the amount required for my financial assurance?
                29.153
                When will the Service release my financial assurance?
                29.154
                Under what circumstances will I forfeit my financial assurance?

                Modification to an Operation
                29.160
                Can I modify operations under an approved permit?

                Change of Operator
                29.170
                What are my responsibilities if I transfer my right to operate?
                29.171
                What must I do if operations are transferred to me?

                Well Plugging
                29.180
                When must I plug my well?
                29.181
                Can I get an extension to the well plugging requirement?

                Prohibited Acts and Penalties
                29.190
                What acts are prohibited under this subpart?
                29.191
                What enforcement actions can the Service take?
                29.192
                How do violations affect my ability to obtain a permit?

                Appeals
                29.200
                Can I, as operator, appeal Service decisions?

                Public Information
                29.210
                How can the public learn about oil and gas activities on refuge lands?

                Information Collection
                29.220
                Has the Office of Management and Budget approved the collection of information?

            Authority:
            5 U.S.C. 301; 16 U.S.C. 460k, 664, 668dd, 685, 690d, 715i, 725, 3161; 30 U.S.C. 185; 31 U.S.C. 3711, 9701; 40 U.S.C. 319; 43 U.S.C. 315a; 113 Stat. 1501A-140.

            Source:
            31 FR 16026, Dec. 15, 1966, unless otherwise noted.

            Subpart A—General Rules

              § 29.1
              May we allow economic uses on national wildlife refuges?
              We may only authorize public or private economic use of the natural resources of any national wildlife refuge, in accordance with 16 U.S.C. 715s, where we determine that the use contributes to the achievement of the national wildlife refuge purposes or the National Wildlife Refuge System mission. We may authorize economic use by appropriate permit only when we have determined the use on a national wildlife refuge to be compatible. Persons exercising economic privileges on national wildlife refuges will be subject to the applicable provisions of this subchapter and of other applicable laws and regulations governing national wildlife refuges. Permits for economic use will contain such terms and conditions that we determine to be necessary for the proper administration of the resources. Economic use in this section includes but is not limited to grazing livestock, harvesting hay and stock feed, removing timber, firewood or other natural products of the soil, removing shell, sand or gravel, cultivating areas, or engaging in operations that facilitate approved programs on national wildlife refuges.
              [65 FR 62483, Oct. 18, 2000]

              § 29.2
              Cooperative land management.

              Cooperative agreements with persons for crop cultivation, haying, grazing, or the harvest of vegetative products, including plantlife, growing with or without cultivation on wildlife refuge areas may be executed on a share-in-kind basis when such agreements are in aid of or benefit to the wildlife management of the area.

              §§ 29.3-29.4
              [Reserved]

              § 29.5
              Fees.
              Fees and charges for the grant of privileges on wildlife refuge areas and for the sale of products taken therefrom, where not otherwise prescribed by law or regulation, shall be set at a rate commensurate with fees and charges for similar privileges and products made by private land owners in the vicinity or in accordance with their local value. Fees or rates of charge for products and privileges may be based either on a monetary exchange or on a share in kind of the resource or product.

            Subpart B—Rights-of-Way General Regulations

              § 29.21
              What do these terms mean?

                Compatible use means a proposed or existing wildlife-dependent recreational use or any other use of a national wildlife refuge that, based on sound professional judgment, will not materially interfere with or detract from the fulfillment of the National Wildlife Refuge System mission or the purposes of the national wildlife refuge. The term “inconsistent” in section 28(b)(1) of the Mineral Leasing Act of 1920 (30 U.S.C. 185) means a use that is not compatible.

                Department means U.S. Department of the Interior unless otherwise specified.

                National Wildlife Refuge System land means lands and waters, or interests therein, administered by the Secretary as wildlife refuges, areas for the protection and conservation of fish and wildlife that are threatened with extinction, wildlife ranges, game ranges, wildlife management areas, or waterfowl production areas.

                Other lands means all other lands, or interests therein, and waters administered by the Secretary through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service which are not included in National Wildlife Refuge System lands, e.g., administrative sites, research stations, fish hatcheries, and fishery research stations.

                Project Manager means the officer in charge of the land under administration by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
              [34 FR 19907, Dec. 19, 1969, as amended at 39 FR 5490, Feb. 13, 1974; 42 FR 43917, Aug. 31, 1977; 44 FR 42976, July 23, 1979; 48 FR 31655, July 11, 1983; 51 FR 7575, Mar. 5, 1986; 65 FR 62483, Oct. 18, 2000]

              § 29.21-1
              Purpose and scope.
              The regulations in this subpart prescribe the procedures for filing applications and the terms and conditions under which rights-of-way over and across the lands administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service may be granted.
              (a) National Wildlife Refuge System lands. Applications for all forms of rights-of-way on or over such lands shall be submitted under authority of Pub. L. 89-669, (80 Stat. 926; 16 U.S.C. 668dd) as amended, or for oil and gas pipelines under section 28 of the Mineral Leasing Act of 1920 (41 Stat. 449; 30 U.S.C. 185) as amended by Pub. L. 93-153, following application procedures set out in § 29.21-2. No right-of-way will be approved unless it is determined by the Regional Director to be compatible. See § 29.21-8 for additional requirements applicable to rights-of-way for electric power transmission lines and § 29.21-9 for additional requirements applicable to rights-of-way for pipelines for the transportation of oil, natural gas, synthetic liquid or gaseous fuels, or any refined product produced therefrom.
              (b) National Wildlife Refuge System lands—easement interest. Applications for all forms of rights-of-way across lands in which the United States owns only an easement interest may be submitted to the Regional Director in letter form. No map exhibit is required, however, the affected land should be described in the letter or shown on a map sketch. If the requested right-of-way will not adversely affect the United States' interest, the Regional Director may issue a letter stating that the interest of the United States to the right-of-way easement would not be affected provided there would be no objection to a right-of-way by the fee owner. If the interest of the United States will be affected, application for the right-of-way must be submitted in accordance with procedures set out in § 29.21-2.
              (c) Other lands outside the National Wildlife Refuge System. Rights-of-way on or over other lands will be granted in accordance with controlling authorities cited in 43 CFR part 2800, or for oil and gas pipelines under section 28 of the Mineral Leasing Act of 1920 (41 Stat. 449; 30 U.S.C. 185) as amended by Pub. L. 93-153. See § 29.21-8 for additional requirements applicable to rights-of-way for electric power transmission lines and § 29.21-9 for additional requirements applicable to rights-of-way for pipelines for the transportation of oil, natural gas, synthetic liquid or gaseous fuels, or any other refined product produced therefrom. Applications will be submitted in accordance with procedures set out in § 29.21-2.
              [34 FR 19907, Dec. 19, 1969, as amended at 36 FR 2402, Feb. 4, 1971; 39 FR 5490, Feb. 13, 1974; 42 FR 43917, Aug. 31, 1977; 44 FR 42976, July 23, 1979; 48 FR 31655, July 11, 1983]

              § 29.21-2
              Application procedures.
              (a) Application. (1) No special form of application is required. The application should state the purpose for which the right-of-way is being requested together with the length, width on each side of the centerline, and the estimated acreage. Applications, including exhibits, must be filed in triplicate with the Regional Director for the region in which the State is located. A list of States in each region and the addresses of the regional offices are provided at 50 CFR 2.2.
              (2)(i) All applications filed pursuant to this subpart in the name of individuals, corporations, or associations must be accompanied by a nonreturnable application fee. No application fee will be required of (A) State of local governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof except as to rights-of-way, easements or permits under section 28 of the Mineral Leasing Act of 1920, as amended by Pub. L. 93-153, or (B) Federal Government agencies.
              (ii) Application fees will be in accordance with the following schedule:
              (A) For linear facilities (e.g., powerlines, pipelines, roads, etc.).

                  Length
                  Payment

                  Less than 5 miles
                  $50 per mile or fraction thereof.

                  5 to 20 miles
                  $500.

                  20 miles and over
                  $500 for each 20 miles or fraction thereof.

              (B) For nonlinear facilities, $250 for each 40 acres or fraction thereof.
              (C) Where an application includes both linear and nonlinear facilities, payment will be the aggregate of amounts under paragraphs (a)(2)(ii)(A) and (B) of this section.
              (D) When an application is received, the Regional Director will estimate the costs expected to be incurred in processing the application. If the estimated costs exceed the payments under paragraph (a)(2)(ii) (A), (B), or (C) of this section by an amount greater than the cost of maintaining actual cost records, the Regional Director shall require the applicant to make periodic payments in advance of the incurrence of such costs by the United States except for the last payment which will reflect final reimbursement for actual costs of the United States in processing the application. Overpayments may be refunded or adjusted by the Regional Director as appropriate.
              (E) The Regional Director shall, on request by an applicant or prospective applicant, give an estimate based on the best available cost information, of the costs which would be incurred by the United States in processing an application. However, reimbursement will not be limited to the estimate of the Regional Director if the actual costs exceed the estimate. Prospective applicants are encouraged to consult with the Regional Director in advance of filing an application in regard to probable costs and other requirements.

              (3)(i) By accepting an easement or permit under this subpart, the holder agrees to reimburse the United States for reasonable costs incurred by the Fish and Wildlife Service in monitoring the construction, operation, maintenance, and termination of facillities within or adjacent to the easement or permit area. No reimbursement of monitoring costs will be required of (A) State or local governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof except as to right-of-way, easements, or permits granted under section 28 of the Mineral Leasing Act of 1920 as amended by Pub. L. 93-153, or (B) Federal Government agencies.
              (ii) Within 60 days of the issuance of an easement or permit the holder must submit a nonreturnable payment in accordance with the following:
              (A) For linear facilities e.g., powerlines, pipelines, roads, etc.).

                  Length
                  Payment

                  Less than 5 miles
                  $20 per mile or fraction thereof.

                  5 to 20 miles
                  $200.

                  20 miles and over
                  $200 for each 20 miles or fraction thereof.

              (B) For nonlinear facilities, $100 for each 40 acres or fraction thereof.
              (C) Where an easement or permit includes both linear and nonlinear facilities, payment will be the aggregate amounts under paragraph (a)(3)(2)(ii) (A) and (B) of this section.
              (D) When an easement or permit is granted the Regional Director shall estimate the costs, based on the best available cost information, expected to be incurred by the United States in monitoring holder activity. If the estimated costs exceed the payments under paragraph (a)(3)(2) (ii), (A), (B), or (C) of this section by an amount which is greater than the cost of maintaining actual cost records for the monitoring process, the Regional Director shall require the holder to make periodic payments of the estimated reimbursable costs prior to the incurrence of such costs by the United States. Overpayments may be refunded or adjusted by the Regional Director as appropriate.
              (E) Following the termination of an easement or permit, the former holder will be required to pay additional amounts to the extent the actual costs to the United States have exceeded the payments required by paragraphs (a)(3)(ii)(A), (B), and (C) of this section.

              (4) All applications filed pursuant to this subpart must include a detailed environmental analysis which shall include information concerning the impact of the proposed use of the environment including the impact on air and water quality; scenic and esthetic features; historic, architectural, archeological, and cultural features; wildlife, fish and marine life, etc. The analysis shall include sufficient data so as to enable the Service to prepare an environmental assessment and/or impact statement in accordance with section 102(2)(C) of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) and comply with the requirements of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.), the Archeological and Historic Preservation Act of 1974 (16 U.S.C. 469 et seq.), Executive Order 11593 “Protection and Enhancement of the Cultural Environment” of May 13, 1971 (36 FR 8921), and “Procedures for the Protection of Historic and Cultural Properties” (36 CFR, part 800). Concerning the National Environmental Policy Act, the Regional Director may, at his discretion, rely on an environmental assessment or impact statement prepared by a “lead agency.”
              (b) Maps. A map or plat must accompany each copy of the application and must show the right-of-way in such detail that the right-of-way can be accurately located on the ground. Ties to Service land boundary corner monuments or some prominent cultural features which can be readily recognized and recovered should be shown where the right-of-way enters and leaves Service project land together with courses and distances of the centerline. The width of the right-of-way on each side of the centerline together with the acreage included within the right-of-way or site must also be shown. If the right-of-way or site is located wholly within Service project land, a tie to a Government corner or prominent cultural feature which can be readily recognized and recovered should be shown.
              [31 FR 16026, Dec. 15, 1966, as amended at 42 FR 43917, Aug. 31, 1977; 44 FR 42976, July 23, 1979; 48 FR 31655, July 11, 1983; 77 FR 5715, Feb. 6, 2012; 78 FR 35152, June 12, 2013]

              § 29.21-3
              Nature of interest granted.

              (a) Where the land administered by the Secretary is owned in fee by the United States and the right-of-way is compatible with the objectives of the area, permit or easement may be approved and granted by the Regional Director. Generally an easement or permit will be issued for a term of 50 years or so long as it is used for the purpose granted, or for a lesser term when considered appropriate. For rights-of-way granted under authority of section 28 of the Mineral Leasing Act of 1920, as amended, for pipelines for the transportation of oil, natural gas, synthetic liquid or gaseous fuels, or any refined product produced therefrom, the grant may be for a term not to exceed 30 years and the right-of-way may not exceed 50 feet, plus the area occupied by the pipeline and its related facilities unless the Regional Director finds, and records the reasons for his finding, that, in his judgment, a wider right-of-way is necessary for operation and maintenance after construction, or to protect the environment or public safety. Related facilities include but are not limited to valves, pump stations, supporting structures, bridges, monitoring and communication devices, surge and storage tanks, terminals, etc. However, a temporary permit supplementing a right-of-way may be granted for additional land needed during construction, operation, maintenance, or termination of the pipeline, or to protect the natural environment or public safety.
              (b) Unless otherwise provided, no interest granted shall give the grantee any right whatever to remove any material, earth, or stone for construction or other purpose, except that stone or earth necessarily removed from the right-of-way in the construction of a project may be used elsewhere along the same right-of-way in the construction of the same project.
              [31 FR 16026, Dec. 15, 1966, as amended at 42 FR 43918, Aug. 31, 1977]

              § 29.21-4
              Terms and conditions.
              (a) Any right-of-way easement or permit granted will be subject to outstanding rights, if any, in third parties.
              (b) An applicant, by accepting an easement or permit agrees to such terms and conditions as may be prescribed by the Regional Director in the granting document. Such terms and conditions shall include the following, unless waived in part by the Regional Director, and may include additional special stipulations at his discretion. See § 29.21-8 for special requirements for electric powerlines and § 29.21-9 for special requirements for oil and gas pipelines.
              (1) To comply with State and Federal laws applicable to the project within which the easement or permit is granted, and to the lands which are included in the right-of-way, and lawful existing regulations thereunder.
              (2) To clear and keep clear the lands within the easement or permit area to the extent and in the manner directed by the project manager in charge; and to dispose of all vegetative and other material cut, uprooted, or otherwise accumulated during the construction and maintenance of the project in such a manner as to decrease the fire hazard and also in accordance with such instructions as the project manager may specify.
              (3) To prevent the disturbance or removal of any public land survey monument or project boundary monument unless and until the applicant has requested and received from the Regional Director approval of measures the applicant will take to perpetuate the location of aforesaid monument.
              (4) To take such soil and resource conservation and protection measures, including weed control on the land covered by the easement or permit as the project manager in charge may request.
              (5) To do everything reasonably within his power, both independently and on request of any duly authorized representative of the United States, to prevent and suppress fires on or near, lands to be occupied under the easement or permit area, including making available such construction and maintenance forces as may be reasonably obtainable for the suppression of such fires.
              (6) To rebuild and repair such roads, fences, structures, and trails as may be destroyed or injured by construction work and upon request by the Regional Director, to build and maintain necessary and suitable crossings for all roads and trails that intersect the works constructed, maintained, or operated under the right-of-way.

              (7) To pay the United States the full value for all damages to the lands or other property of the United States caused by him or by his employees, contractors, or employees of the contractors, and to indemnify the United States against any liability for damages to life, person or property arising from the occupancy or use of the lands under the easement or permit, except where the easement or permit is granted hereunder to a State or other governmental agency which has no legal power to assume such a liability with respect to damages caused by it to lands or property, such agency in lieu thereof agrees to repair all such damages. Where the easement of permit involves lands which are under the exclusive jurisdiction of the United States, the holder or his employees, contractors, or agents of the contractors, shall be liable to third parties for injuries incurred in connection with the easement or permit area. Grants of easements or permits involving special hazards will impose liability without fault for injury and damage to the land and property of the United States up to a specified maximum limit commensurate with the foreseeable risks or hazards presented. The amount of no-fault liability for each occurrence is hereby limited to no more than $1,000,000.
              (8) To notify promptly the project manager in charge of the amount of merchantable timber, if any, which will be cut, removed, or destroyed in the construction and maintenance of the project, and to pay the United States in advance of construction such sum of money as the project manager may determine to be the full stumpage value of the timber to be so cut, removed, or destroyed.
              (9) That all or any part of the easement or permit granted may be terminated by the Regional Director, for failure to comply with any or all of the terms or conditions of the grant, or for abandonment. A rebuttable presumption of abandonment is raised by deliberate failure of the holder to use for any continuous 2-year period the easement or permit for the purpose for which it was granted or renewed. In the event of noncompliance of abandonment, the Regional Director will notify in writing the holder of the easement or permit of his intention to suspend or terminate such grant 60 days from the date of the notice, stating the reasons therefor, unless prior to that time the holder completes such corrective actions as are specified in the notice. The Regional Director may grant an extension of time within which to complete corrective actions when, in his judgment, extenuating circumstances not within the holder's control such as adverse weather conditions, disturbance to wildlife during breeding periods or periods of peak concentration, or other compelling reasons warrant. Should the holder of a right-of-way issued under authority of the Mineral Leasing Act, as amended, fail to take corrective action within the 60-day period, the Regional Director will provide for an administrative proceeding pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 554, prior to a final Departmental decision to suspend or terminate the easement or permit. In the case of all other right-of-way holders, failure to take corrective action within the 60-day period will result in a determination by the Regional Director to suspend or terminate the easement or permit. No administrative proceeding shall be required where the easement or permit terminates under its terms.
              (10) To restore the land to its original condition to the satisfaction of the Regional Director so far as it is reasonably possible to do so upon revocation and/or termination of the easement or permit, unless this requirement is waived in writing by the Regional Director. Termination also includes permits or easements that terminate under the terms of the grant.
              (11) To keep the project manager informed at all times of his address, and, in case of corporations, of the address of its principal place of business and the names and addresses of its principal officers.
              (12) That in the construction, operation, and maintenance of the project, he shall not discriminate against any employee or applicant for employment because of race, creed, color, or national origin and shall require an identical provision to be included in all subcontracts.

              (13) That the grant of the easement or permit shall be subject to the express condition that the exercise thereof will not unduly interfere with the management, administration, or disposal by the United States of the land affected thereby. The applicant agrees and consents to the occupancy and use by the United States, its grantees, permittees, or lessees of any part of the easement of permit area not actually occupied for the purpose of the granted rights to the extent that it does not interfere with the full and safe utilization thereof by the holder. The holder of an easement or permit also agrees that authorized representatives of the United States shall have the right of access to the easement or permit area for the purpose of making inspections and monitoring the construction, operation and maintenance of facilities.
              (14) That the easement or permit herein granted shall be subject to the express covenant that any facility constructed thereon will be modified or adapted, if such is found by the Regional Director to be necessary, without liability or expense to the United States, so that such facility will not conflict with the use and occupancy of the land for any authorized works which may hereafter be constructed thereon under the authority of the United States. Any such modification will be planned and scheduled so as not to interfere unduly with or to have minimal effect upon continuity of energy and delivery requirements.
              (15) That the easement or permit herein granted shall be for the specific use described and may not be construed to include the further right to authorize any other use within the easement or permit area unless approved in writing by the Regional Director.
              [31 FR 16026, Dec. 15, 1966, as amended at 42 FR 43918, Aug. 31, 1977]

              § 29.21-5
              Construction.
              (a) If construction is not commenced within two (2) years after date of right-of-way grant, the right-of-way may be canceled by the Director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service at his discretion.
              (b) Proof of construction: Upon completion of construction, the applicant shall file a certification of completion with the Regional Director.
              [42 FR 43919, Aug. 31, 1977]

              § 29.21-6
              Disposal, transfer or termination of interest.
              (a) Change in jurisdiction over and disposal of lands. The final disposal by the United States of any tract of land traversed by a right-of-way shall not be construed to be a revocation of the right-of-way in whole or in part, but such final disposition shall be deemed and taken to be subject to such right-of-way unless it has been specifically canceled.
              (b) Transfer of easement or permit. Any proposed transfer, by assignment, lease, operating agreement or otherwise, of an easement or permit must be filed in triplicate with the Regional Director and must be supported by a stipulation that the transferee agrees to comply with and be bound by the terms and conditions of the original grant. A $25 nonreturnable service fee must accompany the proposal. No transfer will be recognized unless and until approved in writing by the Regional Director.
              (c) Disposal of property on termination of right-of-way. In the absence of any agreement to the contrary, the holder of the right-of-way will be allowed 6 months after termination to remove all property or improvements other than a road and useable improvements to a road, placed thereon by him; otherwise, all such property and improvements shall become the property of the United States. Extensions of time may be granted at the discretion of the Regional Director.
              [31 FR 16026, Dec. 15, 1966, as amended at 42 FR 43919, Aug. 31, 1977]

              § 29.21-7
              What payment do we require for use and occupancy of national wildlife refuge lands?

              (a) Payment for use and occupancy of lands under the regulations of this subpart will be required and will be for fair market value as determined by appraisal by the Regional Director. At the discretion of the Regional Director, the payment may be a lump sum payment or an annual fair market rental payment, to be made in advance. If any Federal, State or local agency is exempted from such payment by and any other provision of Federal law, such agency shall otherwise compensate the Service by any other means agreeable to the Regional Director, including, but not limited to, making other land available or the loan of equipment or personnel, except that any such compensation shall relate to, and be consistent with the objectives of the National Wildlife Refuge System. The Regional Director may waive such requirement for compensation if he finds such requirement impracticable or unnecessary.
              (b) When annual rental payments are used, such rates shall be reviewed by the Regional Director at any time not less than 5 years after the grant of the permit, right-of-way, or easement or the last revision of charges thereunder, The Regional Director will furnish a notice in writing to the holder of an easement or permit of intent to impose new charges to reflect fair market value commencing with the ensuing charge year. The revised charges will be effective unless the holder files an appeal in accordance with § 29.22.
              [42 FR 43919, Aug. 31, 1977, as amended at 65 FR 62483, Oct. 18, 2000]

              § 29.21-8
              Electric power transmission line rights-of-way.
              By accepting a right-of-way for a power transmission line, the applicant thereby agrees and consents to comply with and be bound by the following terms and conditions, except those which the Secretary may waive in a particular case, in addition to those specified in § 29.21-4(b).
              (a) To protect in a workmanlike manner, at crossings and at places in proximity to his transmission lines on the right-of-way authorized, in accordance with the rules prescribed in the National Electric Safety Code, all Government and other telephone, telegraph and power transmission lines from contact and all highways and railroads from obstruction and to maintain his transmission lines in such manner as not to menace life or property.
              (b) Neither the privilege nor the right to occupy or use the lands for the purpose authorized shall relieve him of any legal liability for causing inductive or conductive interference between any project transmission line or other project works constructed, operated, or maintained by him on the servient lands, and any radio installation, telephone line, or other communication facilities now or hereafter constructed and operated by the United States or any agency thereof.
              [42 FR 43919, Aug. 31, 1977, as amended at 48 FR 31655, July 11, 1983]

              § 29.21-9
              Rights-of-way for pipelines for the transportation of oil, natural gas, synthetic liquid or gaseous fuels, or any refined product produced therefrom.
              (a) Application procedure. Applications for pipelines and related facilities under this section are to be filed in accordance with § 29.21-2 of these regulations with the following exception:

                When the right-of-way or proposed facility will occupy Federal land under the control of more than one Federal Agency and/or more than one bureau or office of the Department of the Interior, a single application shall be filed with the appropriate State Director of the Bureau of Land Management in accordance with regulations in 43 CFR part 2800.

              Any portion of the facility occupying land of the National Wildlife Refuge System will be subject to the provisions of these regulations.
              (b) Right-of-way grants under this section will be subject to the special requirements of section 28 of the Mineral Leasing Act of 1920 (30 U.S.C. 185), as amended, as set forth below. Gathering lines and associated structures used solely in the production of oil and gas under valid leases on the lands administered by the Fish and Wildlife Service are excepted from the provisions of this section.
              (1) Pipeline safety. Rights-of-way or permits granted under this section will include requirements that will protect the safety of workers and protect the public from sudden ruptures and slow degradation of the pipeline. An applicant must agree to design, construct, and operate all proposed facilities in accordance with the provisions of parts 192 and/or 195 of title 49 of the CFR and in accordance with the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, Pub. L. 91-596, including any amendments thereto.
              (2) Environmental protection. An application for a right-of-way must contain environmental information required by § 29.21-2(a)(4) of this subpart. If the Regional Director determines that a proposed project will have a significant affect on the environment, there must also be furnished a plan of construction, operations, and rehabilitation of the proposed facilities. In addition to terms and conditions imposed under § 29.21-4, the Regional director will impose such stipulations as may be required to assure: (i) Restoration, revegetation and curtailment of erosion of the surface; (ii) that activities in connection with the right-of-way or permit will not violate applicable air and water quality standards in related facilities siting standards established by law; (iii) control or prevention of damage to the environment including damage to fish and wildlife habitat, public or private property, and public health and safety; and (iv) protection of the interests of individuals living in the general area of the right-of-way or permit who rely on the fish, wildlife, and biotic resources of the area for subsistence purposes.
              (c) Disclosure. If the applicant is a partnership, corporation, association, or other business entity it must disclose the identity of the participants in the entity. Such disclosure shall include where applicable (1) the name and address of each partner, (2) the name and address of each shareholder owning 3 percentum or more of the shares, together with the number and percentage of any class of voting shares of the entity which such shareholder is authorized to vote, and (3) the name and address of each affiliate of the entity together with, in the case of an affiliate controlled by the entity, the number of shares and the percentage of any class of voting stock of that affiliate owned, directly or indirectly, by that entity, and in the case of an affiliate which controls that entity, the number of shares and the percentage of any class of voting stock of that entity owned, directly or indirectly, by the affiliate.
              (d) Technical and financial capability. The Regional Director may grant or renew a right-of-way or permit under this section only when he is satisfied that the applicant has the technical and financial capability to construct, operate, maintain and terminate the facility. At the discretion of the Regional Director, a financial statement may be required.
              (e) Reimbursement of costs. In accordance with § 29.21-2(a)(3) of this subpart, the holder of a right-of-way or permit must reimburse the Service for the cost incurred in monitoring the construction, operation, maintenance, and termination of any pipeline or related facilities as determined by the Regional Director.
              (f) Public hearing. The Regional Director shall give notice to Federal, State, and local government agencies, and the public, and afford them the opportunity to comment on right-of-way applications under this section. A notice will be published in the Federal Register and a public hearing may be held where appropriate.
              (g) Bonding. Where appropriate the Regional Director may require the holder of a right-of-way or permit to furnish a bond, or other security satisfactory to him, to secure all or any of the obligations imposed by the terms and conditions of the right-of-way or permit or by any rule or regulation, not to exceed the period of construction plus one year or a longer period if necessary for the pipeline to stabilize.
              (h) Suspension of right-of-way. If the Project Manager determines that an immediate temporary suspension of activities within a right-of-way or permit area is necessary to protect public health and safety or the environment, he may issue an emergency suspension order to abate such activities prior to an administrative proceeding. The Regional Director must make a determination and notify the holder in writing within 15 days from the date of suspension as to whether the suspension should continue and list actions needed to terminate the suspension. Such suspension shall remain in effect for only so long as an emergency condition continues.
              (i) Joint use of rights-of-way. Each right-of-way or permit shall reserve to the Regional Director the right to grant additional rights-of-way or permits for compatible uses on or adjacent to rights-of-way or permit areas granted under this section after giving notice to the holder and an opportunity to comment.

              (j) Common carriers. (1) Pipelines and related facilities used for the transportation of oil, natural gas, synthetic liquid or gaseous fuels, or any refined product produced therefrom shall be constructed, operated, and maintained as common carriers.
              (2)(i) The owners or operators of pipelines subject to this subpart shall accept, convey, transport, or purchase without discrimination all oil or gas delivered to the pipeline without regard to whether such oil or gas was produced on Federal or non-Federal lands.
              (ii) In the case of oil or gas produced from Federal lands or from the resources on the Federal lands in the vicinity of the pipelines, the Secretary may, after a full hearing with due notice thereof to the interested parties and a proper finding of facts, determine the proportionate amounts to be accepted, conveyed, transported or purchased.
              (3)(i) The common carrier provisions of this section shall not apply to any natural gas pipeline operated by any person subject to regulation under the Natural Gas Act or by any public utility subject to regulation by a State or municipal regulatory agency having jurisdiction to regulate the rates and charges for the sale of natural gas to consumers within the State or municipality.
              (ii) Where natural gas not subject to state regulatory or conservation laws governing its purchase by pipelines is offered for sale, each such pipeline shall purchase, without discrimination, any such natural gas produced in the vicinity of the pipeline.
              (4) The Regional Director shall require, prior to granting or renewing a right-of-way, that the applicant submit and disclose all plans, contracts, agreements, or other information or material which he deems necessary to determine whether a right-of-way shall be granted or renewed and the terms and conditions which should be included in the right-of-way. Such information may include, but is not limited to: (i) Conditions for, and agreements among owners or operators, regarding the addition of pumping facilities, looping, or otherwise increasing the pipeline or terminal's throughput capacity in response to actual or anticipated increases in demand; (ii) conditions for adding or abandoning intake, offtake, or storage points or facilities; and (iii) minimum shipment or purchase tenders.
              (k) Limitations on export. Any domestically produced crude oil transported by pipeline over rights-of-way granted pursuant to section 28 of the Mineral Leasing Act of 1920, except such crude oil which is either exchanged in similar quantity for convenience or increased efficiency of transportation with persons or the government of an adjacent foreign state, or which is temporarily exported for convenience or increased efficiency of transportation across parts of an adjacent foreign state and reenters the United States, shall be subject to all of the limitation and licensing requirements of the Export Administration Act of 1969.
              (l) State standards. The Regional Director shall take into consideration, and to the extent practical comply with, applicable State standards for right-of-way construction, operation, and maintenance.
              (m) Congressional notification. The Secretary shall promptly notify the Committee on Natural Resources of the United States House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the United States Senate upon receipt of an application for a right-of-way for pipeline 24 inches or more in diameter, and no right-of-way for such a pipeline shall be granted until 60 days (not including days on which the House or Senate has adjourned for more than three days) after a notice of intention to grant the right-of-way, together with the Secretary's detailed findings as to the terms and conditions he proposes to impose, has been submitted to such committees.
              [42 FR 43921, Aug. 31, 1977, as amended at 77 FR 5716, Feb. 6, 2012]

              § 29.22
              Hearing and appeals procedures.

              An appeal may be taken from any final disposition of the Regional Director to the Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and, except in the case of a denial of a right-of-way application, from the latter's decision to the Secretary of the Interior. Appeals to the Secretary shall be taken pursuant to 43 CFR part 4, subpart G.
              [44 FR 42976, July 23, 1979]

            Subpart C—Mineral Operations

              § 29.31
              Mineral ownerships in the United States.
              Where mineral rights to lands in wildlife refuge areas are vested in the United States, the provisions of 43 CFR 3101.3-3, 3109.4, 3201.1-6 and 3501.2-2 govern.
              [31 FR 16026, Dec. 15, 1966, as amended at 44 FR 42976, July 23, 1979]

              § 29.32
              Non-Federal mineral rights.
              (a) Non-Federal mineral rights owners within the National Wildlife Refuge System, not including coordination areas, must, to the greatest extent practicable, conduct all exploration, development, and production operations in such a manner as to prevent damage, erosion, pollution, or contamination to Service-administered lands, waters, facilities, and to wildlife thereon. So far as is practicable, such operations must also be conducted without interference to the operation of the refuge and disturbance to the wildlife thereon.
              (1) Physical occupancy must be kept to the minimum space necessary to conduct efficient mineral operations.
              (2) Persons conducting mineral operations on Service-administered lands and waters must comply with all applicable Federal and State laws and regulations for the protection of wildlife and the administration of the area.
              (3) All waste and contaminating substances must be kept in the smallest practicable area, confined so as to prevent escape as a result of rains and high water or otherwise, and removed from Service-administered lands and waters as quickly as practicable in such a manner as to prevent contamination, pollution, damage, or injury to Service-administered lands, waters, or facilities, or to wildlife thereon.
              (4) Structures and equipment must be removed when the need for them has ended, and, upon the cessation of operations, the habitat in the area of operations must be restored to the extent possible to pre-operation conditions.
              (b) Nothing in this section will be applied so as to contravene or nullify rights vested in holders of mineral interests on refuge lands.
              [81 FR 79971, Nov. 14, 2016]

            Subpart D—Management of Non-Federal Oil and Gas Rights

              Source:
              81 FR 79971, Nov. 14, 2016, unless otherwise noted.

              Purpose and Scope

                § 29.40
                What are the purpose and scope of the regulations in this subpart?
                (a) The purpose of this subpart is to ensure that operators exercising non-Federal oil and gas rights within the National Wildlife Refuge System (NWRS) outside of Alaska use technologically feasible, least damaging methods to:
                (1) Protect Service-administered lands and waters, and resources of refuges;
                (2) Protect refuge wildlife-dependent recreational uses and experiences and visitor or employee health and safety; and
                (3) Conserve refuges for the benefit of present and future generations of Americans.

                (b) This subpart applies to all operators conducting non-Federal oil and gas operations outside of Alaska on Service-administered lands held in fee or less-than fee (excluding coordination areas) or Service-administered waters to the extent necessary to protect those property interests. These regulations do not apply to non-Federal surface locations within the boundaries of a refuge (i.e., inholdings), except to the extent that activities associated with those operations, including access to an inholding, occur on Service-administered lands or waters.
                (c) This subpart is not intended to result in a taking of any property interest. The purpose of this subpart is to reasonably regulate operations to protect Service-administered lands and waters, resources of refuges, visitor uses and experiences, and visitor or employee health and safety.

                § 29.41
                When does this subpart apply to me?
                This subpart applies to you if you are an operator who conducts or proposes to conduct non-Federal oil or gas operations on Service-administered lands or waters outside of Alaska.

                § 29.42
                What authorization do I need to conduct operations?
                (a) You must demonstrate to the Service that you have the right to operate in order to conduct operations on Service-administered lands or waters.
                (b) Except as provided in §§ 29.43 or 29.44, before starting operations, you must obtain a temporary access permit under §§ 29.70 through 29.73 for reconnaissance surveys and/or an operations permit under §§ 29.90 through 29.97.

                § 29.43
                If I am already operating under Service authorization, what do I need to do?
                If you already have a Service-issued permit, you may continue to operate according to the terms and conditions of that approval, subject to the provisions of this subpart. If you propose to conduct new operations, modify your existing operations, conduct well plugging or reclamation operations, or obtain an extension of the well plugging requirement to maintain your well in shut-in status, you must either amend your current authorization or obtain an operations permit in accordance with §§ 29.90 through 29.97, Operations Permit: Application, and such new operations or modifications will be subject to the applicable provisions of this subpart. Additionally, your existing operations are subject to the following regulations:
                (a) § 29.120(b) and (d)-(g) and § 29.121(a) and (c)-(f);
                (b) § 29.170(a);
                (c) §§ 29.180 and 29.181;
                (d) § 29.190; and
                (e) § 29.200.

                § 29.44
                If I am operating without prior Service authorization, what do I need to do?
                Any operator that has commenced operations prior to December 14, 2016 in accordance with applicable local, State, and Federal laws and regulations may continue without an operations permit. However, your operation is subject to the requirements of §§ 29.60 through 29.64, Pre-Existing Operations, and the requirements that when you propose to conduct new operations, modify your pre-existing operations, conduct well plugging and reclamation operations, or obtain an extension of the well plugging requirement to maintain your well in shut-in status, you must obtain an operations permit in accordance with §§ 29.90 through 29.97, Operations Permit: Application, and all applicable requirements of this subpart.

              Definitions

                § 29.50
                What do the terms used in this subpart mean?
                In addition to the definitions in §§ 25.12, 29.21, and 36.2 of this subchapter, the following definitions apply to this subpart:

                  Access means any method of entering or traversing on or across Service-administered lands or waters, including but not limited to: Vehicle, watercraft, fixed-wing aircraft, helicopter, unmanned aerial vehicle, off-road vehicle, mobile heavy equipment, snowmobile, pack animal, and foot. Access does not include the use of aircraft, including, but not limited to, airplanes, helicopters, and unmanned aircraft vehicles, that do not land on, or are not launched from, Service-administered lands or waters.

                  Area of operations means the area of Service-administered lands or waters on which operations are carried out, including roads or other areas that you are authorized to use related to the exercise of your oil and gas rights.

                  Contaminating substance means any toxic or hazardous substance that is used in or results from the conduct of operations and is listed under the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.), Clean Water Act regulations at 40 CFR parts 112 and 116, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act regulations at 40 CFR part 261, or the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act regulations at 49 CFR part 172. This includes, but is not limited to, explosives, radioactive materials, brine waters, formation waters, petroleum products, petroleum byproducts, and chemical compounds used for drilling, production, processing, well testing, well completion, and well servicing.

                  Gas means any fluid, either combustible or noncombustible, that is produced in a natural state from the earth and that maintains a gaseous or rarefied state at ordinary temperature and pressure conditions.

                  Oil means any viscous combustible liquid hydrocarbon or solid hydrocarbon substance that occurs naturally in the earth and is easily liquefiable on warming.

                  Modifying means changing operations in a manner that will result in additional impacts on refuge resources, visitor uses, refuge administration, or human health and safety beyond the scope, intensity, and/or duration of existing impacts. In order to determine if activities would have additional impacts, you must consult with the Service.

                  Operations means all existing and proposed functions, work, and activities in connection with the exercise of oil or gas rights not owned by the United States and located on Service-administered lands or waters.
                (1) Operations include, but are not limited to: Access by any means to or from an area of operations; construction; geological and geophysical exploration; drilling, well servicing, workover, or recompletion; production; hydraulic fracturing, well simulation, and injection wells; gathering (including installation and maintenance of flowlines and gathering lines); storage, transport, or processing of petroleum products; earth moving; excavation; hauling; disposal; surveillance, inspection, monitoring, or maintenance of wells, facilities, and equipment; reclamation; road and pad building or improvement; shot hole and well plugging and abandonment, and reclamation; and all other activities incident to any of the foregoing.
                (2) Operations do not include reconnaissance surveys as defined in this subpart or oil and gas pipelines that are located within a refuge under authority of a deeded or other right-of-way.

                  Operations permit means a permit issued by the Service under this subpart authorizing an operator to conduct operations on Service-administered lands or waters.

                  Operator means any person or entity, agent, assignee, designee, lessee, or representative thereof exercising or proposing to exercise non-Federal oil and gas rights on Service-administered lands or waters.

                  Reconnaissance survey means an inspection or survey conducted by qualified specialists for the purpose of preparing a permit application. A reconnaissance survey:
                (1) Includes identification of the area of operations and collection of natural and cultural resource information within and adjacent to the proposed area of operations.
                (2) Does not include surface disturbance activities except for minimal disturbance necessary to perform cultural resource surveys, natural resource surveys, and location surveys required under this subpart.

                  Right to operate means a deed, lease, memorandum of lease, designation of operator, assignment of right, or other documentation demonstrating that you hold a legal right to conduct the operations you are proposing on Service-administered lands or waters.

                  Service, we, us and our means the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

                  Technologically feasible, least damaging methods are those that we determine, on a case-by-case basis, to be most protective of refuge resources and uses while ensuring human health and safety, taking into consideration all relevant factors, including environmental, economic, and technological factors and the requirements of applicable law.

                  Temporary access permit means a permit issued by the Service authorizing an operator to access that operator's proposed area of operations to conduct reconnaissance surveys to collect basic information necessary to prepare an operations permit application.

                  Third-party monitor means a qualified specialist, who is not an employee, agent, or representative of the operator, nor has any conflicts of interest that could preclude objectivity in monitoring an operator's compliance, and who has the relevant expertise to monitor operations for compliance with applicable laws, regulations, and permit requirements.

                  Usable water means an aquifer or its portion that:
                (1)(i) Supplies any public water system; or
                (ii) Contains a sufficient quantity of ground water to supply a public water system and either:
                (A) Currently supplies drinking water for human consumption; or
                (B) Contains fewer than 10,000 mg/l total dissolved solids; and
                (2) Is not an exempted aquifer.

                  Waste means any material that is discarded. It includes, but is not limited to: Drilling fluids and cuttings; produced fluids not under regulation as a toxic or hazardous substance; human waste; garbage; fuel drums; pipes; oil; refined oil and other hydrocarbons; contaminated soil; synthetic materials; manmade structures or equipment; or native and nonnative materials.

                  You means the operator, unless otherwise specified or indicated by the context.

              Pre-Existing Operations

                § 29.60
                Do I need an operations permit for my pre-existing operation?
                No. Pre-existing operations are those conducted as of December 14, 2016 without an approved permit from the Service or prior to a boundary change or establishment of a new refuge. Your pre-existing operations may be continued without an operations permit, but you are required to operate in accordance with applicable local, State, and Federal laws and regulations, and are subject to applicable provisions of this subpart, including requirements for a permit when you propose to conduct new operations or to modify pre-existing operations.

                § 29.61
                What information must I provide to the Service?
                You must submit the following information to the Service where your pre-existing operation is occurring by February 13, 2017 or 90 days after a boundary change or establishment of a new refuge:
                (a) Documentation demonstrating that you hold the right to operate on Service-administered lands or waters.
                (b) The names, phone numbers, and addresses of your:
                (1) Primary company representative;
                (2) Representative responsible for field supervision; and
                (3) Representative responsible for emergency response.
                (c) A brief description of your current operations, and any anticipated changes to current operations, including:
                (1) A scaled map clearly delineating your existing area of operations;
                (2) Documentation of the current operating methods, surface equipment, materials produced or used, and monitoring methods; and
                (3) Copies of all plans and permits required by local, State, and Federal agencies, including a Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan if required by Environmental Protection Agency regulations at 40 CFR part 112.

                § 29.62
                What if I intend to conduct new operations or modify my pre-existing operations?
                (a) You must obtain an operations permit before conducting operations that are begun after December 14, 2016 for those new operations in accordance with §§ 29.90 through 29.97, Operations Permit: Application, and all applicable requirements of this subpart.
                (b) You must obtain an operations permit prior to modifying your pre-existing operations for that modification in accordance with §§ 29.90 through 29.97, Operations Permit: Application, and all applicable requirements of this subpart.

                § 29.63
                What plugging and reclamation requirements apply to my pre-existing operations?
                Upon completion of your production operation, you are subject to the reclamation standards in § 29.117(d). You must obtain an operations permit in accordance with §§ 29.90 through 29.97, Operations Permit: Application, and all applicable requirements of this subpart, prior to plugging your well and conducting site reclamation.

                § 29.64
                What other provisions apply to my operations?
                Your pre-existing operations are also subject to the following regulations in this part 29:
                (a) § 29.120(b), (d), (f), and (g) and § 29.121(a) and (c)-(f);
                (b) § 29.170(a);
                (c) §§ 29.180 and 29.181;
                (d) § 29.190; and
                (e) § 29.200.

              Temporary Access Permits

                § 29.70
                When do I need a temporary access permit?
                You must apply to the Service and obtain a temporary access permit to access your proposed area of operations in order to conduct reconnaissance surveys within a refuge. This permit will describe the means, routes, timing, and other terms and conditions of your access determined by the Service to result in only the minimum disturbance necessary to perform surveys.

                § 29.71
                How do I apply for a temporary access permit?
                You must submit the information requested in FWS Form 3-2469 (Oil and Gas Operations Special Use Permit Application) to the refuge in which you propose to conduct operations. Information includes, but is not limited to:
                (a) The name, legal address, and telephone number of the operator, employee, agent, or contractor responsible for overall management of the proposed operations;
                (b) Documentation demonstrating that you hold the right to operate on Service-administered lands or waters;
                (c) The name, legal address, telephone number, and qualifications of all specialists responsible for conducting the reconnaissance surveys (only required if the assistants/subcontractors/subpermittees will be operating on Service-administered lands or waters without the permittee being present);
                (d) A brief description of the intended operation so that we can determine reconnaissance survey needs;
                (e) A description of the survey methods you intend to use to identify the natural and cultural resources;
                (f) A map (to-scale and determined by us to be acceptable) delineating the proposed reconnaissance survey area in relation to the refuge boundary and the proposed area of operations; and
                (g) A description of proposed means of access and routes for conducting the reconnaissance surveys.

                § 29.72
                When will the Service grant a temporary access permit?
                Within 30 calendar days of receipt of the application for a reconnaissance survey, we will advise you whether the application fulfills the requirements of §§ 29.70 through 29.71 and issue you a temporary access permit or provide you with a statement of additional information that is needed for us to conduct review of your application.

                § 29.73
                How much time will I have to conduct my reconnaissance surveys?
                Your temporary access permit will be in effect for a maximum of 60 calendar days from the date of issuance, unless a longer term is approved in the permit. We may extend the term of the permit for a reasonable period of time, based upon your written request that explains why an extension is necessary.

              Accessing Oil and Gas Rights From a Non-Federal Surface Location

                § 29.80
                Do I need a permit for accessing oil and gas rights from a non-Federal location?
                No. Using directional drilling from a non-Federal surface location to reach your oil and gas rights within a refuge is exempt from these regulations. However, you are encouraged to provide the Service the names, phone numbers, and addresses of your primary company representative, representative responsible for field supervision, and representative responsible for emergency response at least 60 calendar days prior to conducting your operation. If you require access across Service-administered lands or waters, that access is subject to applicable provisions of this subpart, including obtaining an operations permit for any new access or modification of existing access.

              Operations Permit: Application

                § 29.90
                Who must apply for an operations permit?
                Except as otherwise provided in §§ 29.43, 29.44, 29.70, and 29.80, if you are proposing to conduct operations on Service-administered lands or waters outside of Alaska, you must submit an application (FWS Form 3-2469) for an operations permit to the Service.

                § 29.91
                What should I do before filing an application?
                You should participate in a pre-application meeting with the Service to allow for an early exchange of information between you and the Service with the intent of avoiding delays in your application process.
                (a) For the meeting, you should provide:
                (1) Documentation demonstrating that you hold the legal right to operate on Service-administered lands or waters; and
                (2) An overview of your proposed operation and timing.
                (b) The Service will provide guidance on the permitting process and information on available resource data, and identify additional data needs.

                § 29.92
                May I use previously submitted information?
                Yes.
                (a) You do not need to resubmit information that is already on file with the Service, provided that such information is still current and accurate. You should reference this information in your oil and gas operations permit application.
                (b) You may submit documents and materials submitted to other Federal and State agencies noting how the information meets the specific requirements of §§ 29.93 through 29.97.

                § 29.93
                Do I need to submit information for all possible future operations?
                No. You need only provide information for those operations for which you are seeking immediate approval. Approval of activities beyond the scope of your application may be subject to a new application and approval process.

                § 29.94
                What information must be included in all applications?
                All applications must include the information requested on FWS Form 3-2469, including, but not limited to:
                (a) The name, legal address, and telephone number of the operator, employee, agent, or contractor responsible for overall management of the proposed operations.
                (b) Documentation demonstrating that you hold the legal right to operate within the refuge.
                (c) A description of the natural features of your proposed area of operations, such as: Streams, lakes, ponds, wetlands, estimated depths to the top and bottom of zones of usable water and topographic relief.
                (d) The location of existing roads, trails, railroad tracks, pipeline rights-of-way, pads, and other disturbed areas.
                (e) The location of existing structures that your operations could affect, including buildings, pipelines, oil and gas wells including both producing and plugged and abandoned wells, injection wells, freshwater wells, underground and overhead electrical lines, and other utility lines.
                (f) Descriptions of the natural and cultural resource conditions from your reconnaissance survey reports or other sources collected for your proposed area of operations, including any baseline testing of soils and surface and near-surface ground waters within your area of operations that reasonably may be impacted by your surface operations.
                (g) Locations map(s) (to-scale and determined by us to be acceptable) that clearly identifies:
                (1) Proposed area of operations, existing conditions, and proposed new surface uses, including the boundaries of each of your oil and gas tracts in relation to your proposed operations and the relevant refuge boundary.
                (2) Proposed access routes of new surface disturbances as determined by a location survey.

                (3) Proposed location of all support facilities, including those for transportation (e.g., vehicle parking areas, helicopter pads, etc.), sanitation, occupation, staging areas, fuel storage areas, refueling areas, loading docks, water supplies, and disposal facilities.
                (h) The method and diagrams, including cross-sections, of any proposed pad construction, road construction, cut-and-fill areas, and surface maintenance, including erosion control.
                (i) The number and types of equipment and vehicles, including an estimate of vehicular round trips associated with your operation.
                (j) An estimated timetable for the proposed operations, including any operational timing constraints.
                (k) The type and extent of security measures proposed at your area of operations.
                (l) The power sources and their transmission systems for the proposed operations.
                (m) The types and quantities of all solid and liquid waste generated and the proposed methods of storage, handling, and disposal.
                (n) The source, quantity, access route, and transportation/conveyance method for all water to be used in operations, including hydraulic fracturing, and estimations of any anticipated wastewater volumes generated, including flowback fluids from hydraulic fracturing, and the proposed methods of storage, handling, and recycling or disposal.
                (o) The following information regarding mitigation actions and alternatives considered:
                (1) A description of the steps you propose to take to mitigate anticipated adverse environmental impacts on refuge resources and uses, including, but not limited to, the refuge's land features, land uses, fish and wildlife, vegetation, soils, surface and subsurface water resources, air quality, noise, lightscapes, viewsheds, cultural resources, and economic environment.
                (2) A description of any anticipated impacts that you cannot mitigate.
                (3) A description of alternatives considered that meet the criteria of technologically feasible, least damaging methods of operations, as well as the costs and environmental effects of such alternatives.
                (p) You must submit the following information about your spill control and emergency preparedness plan. You may use a spill prevention control and countermeasure plan prepared under 40 CFR part 112 if the plan includes all of the information required by this section. You must submit:
                (1) The names, addresses, and telephone numbers of the people whom the Service can contact in the event of a spill, fire, or accident, including the order in which the individuals should be contacted.
                (2) The notification procedures and steps taken to minimize damage in the event of a spill, fire, or accident.
                (3) Identification of contaminating substances used within your area of operations or expected to be encountered during operations.
                (4) Trajectory analysis for potential spills that are not contained on location.
                (5) Identification of abnormal pressure, temperature, toxic gases or substances, or other hazardous conditions at your area of operations or expected to be encountered during operations.
                (6) Measures (e.g., procedures, facility design, equipment) to minimize risks to human health and safety, and the environment.
                (7) Steps to prevent accumulations of oil or other materials deemed to be fire hazards from occurring in the vicinity of well locations and lease tanks.
                (8) The equipment and methods for containment and cleanup of contaminating substances, including a description of the equipment available at your area of operations and equipment available from local contractors.
                (9) A stormwater drainage plan and actions intended to mitigate stormwater runoff.
                (10) Material safety data sheets for each material you will use or encounter during operations, including expected quantities maintained at your area of operations.
                (11) A description of the emergency actions you will take in the event of injury or death to fish and wildlife or vegetation.
                (12) A description of the emergency actions you will take in the event of accidents causing human injury.

                (13) Contingency plans for conditions and emergencies other than spills, such as if your area of operations is located in areas prone to hurricanes, flooding, tornadoes, fires, or earthquakes.

                (q) A description of the specific equipment, materials, methods, and schedule that will be used to meet the operating standards for reclamation at § 29.117.
                (r) An itemized list of the estimated costs that a third party would charge to complete reclamation.

                § 29.95
                What additional information must be included if I am proposing geophysical exploration?
                If you propose to conduct geophysical exploration, you must submit the information requested on FWS Form 3-2469, including, but not limited to:
                (a) A map showing the positions of each survey line including all source and receiver locations as determined by a locational survey, and including shot point offset distances from wells, buildings, other infrastructure, cultural resources, and environmentally sensitive areas;
                (b) The number of crews and numbers of workers in each crew;

                (c) A description of the acquisition methods, including the procedures and specific equipment you will use, and energy sources (e.g., explosives, vibroseis trucks);
                (d) A description of the methods of access along each survey line for personnel, materials, and equipment; and
                (e) A list of all explosives, blasting equipment, chemicals, and fuels you will use in the proposed operations, including a description of proposed disposal methods, transportation methods, safety measures, and storage facilities.

                § 29.96
                What additional information must be included if I am proposing drilling operations?
                If you are proposing to drill a well, you must submit the information requested on FWS Form 3-2469, including, but not limited to:
                (a) A description of the well pad construction, including dimensions and cross sections of cut-and-fill areas and excavations for ditches, sumps, and spill control equipment or structures, including lined areas;
                (b) A description of the drill rig and equipment layout, including rig components, fuel tanks, testing equipment, support facilities, storage areas, and all other well-site equipment and facilities;
                (c) A description of the type and characteristics of the proposed drilling mud systems; and
                (d) A description of the equipment, materials, and methods of surface operations associated with your drilling, well casing and cementing, well control, well evaluation and testing, well completion, hydraulic fracturing or other well stimulation, and well plugging programs.

                § 29.97
                What additional information must be included if I am proposing production operations?
                If you are proposing to produce a well, you must submit the information requested on FWS Form 3-2469, including, but not limited to:
                (a) The dimensions and the to-scale layout of the well pad, clearly identifying well locations, noting partial reclamation areas; gathering, separation, metering, and storage equipment; electrical lines; fences; spill control equipment or structures, including lined areas, artificial lift equipment, tank batteries, treating and separating vessels, secondary or enhanced recovery facilities, water disposal facilities, gas compression and/or injection facilities; metering points; sales point (if on lease); tanker pickup points; gas compressor, including size and type (if applicable); and any other well site equipment.
                (b) A general description of anticipated stimulations, servicing, and workovers.
                (c) A description of the procedures and equipment used to maintain well control.
                (d) A description of the method and means used to transport produced oil and gas, including vehicular transport; flowline and gathering line construction and operation, pipe size, and operating pressure; cathodic protection methods; surface equipment use; surface equipment location; maintenance procedures; maintenance schedules; pressure detection methods; and shutdown procedures.

                (e) A road and well pad maintenance plan, including equipment and materials to maintain the road surface and control erosion.

                (f) A vegetation management plan on well sites, roads, pipeline corridors, and other disturbed surface areas, including control of noxious and invasive species.
                (g) A stormwater management plan on the well site.
                (h) A produced water storage and disposal plan.
                (i) A description of the equipment, materials, and procedures proposed for well plugging.

              Operations Permit: Application Review and Approval

                § 29.100
                How will the Service process my application?
                We will conduct initial review of your application to determine if all information is complete. Once your information is complete, we will begin formal review.

                § 29.101
                How will the Service conduct an initial review?
                (a) Within 30 calendar days of receipt of your application, the Service will notify you in writing that one of the following situations exists:
                (1) Your application is complete, and the Service will begin formal review;
                (2) Your application does not meet the information requirements, in which case we will identify the additional information required to be submitted before the Service will be able to conduct formal review of your application; or
                (3) More time is necessary to complete the review, in which case the Service will provide the amount of additional time reasonably needed along with a justification.
                (b) If you submit additional information as requested under paragraph (a)(2) of this section, and the Service determines that you have met all applicable information requirements, the Service will notify you within 30 calendar days from receipt of the additional information that either:
                (1) Your application is complete, and the Service will begin formal review; or
                (2) More time is necessary to complete the initial review, in which case the Service will provide the amount of additional time reasonably needed along with a justification.

                § 29.102
                How will the Service conduct a formal review?
                For those applications for which the Service determines that the applicant holds a valid property right, the Service will conduct a formal review of your application by:
                (a) Evaluating the potential impacts of your proposal on Service-administered lands and waters, or resources of refuges; visitor uses or experiences; or visitor or employee health and safety in compliance with applicable Federal laws; and
                (b) Identifying any additional operating conditions that would apply to your approved application.

                § 29.103
                What standards must be met to approve my application?
                (a) In order to approve your operations permit application, the Service must determine that your operations will:
                (1) Use technologically feasible, least damaging methods; and
                (2) Meet all applicable operating standards.
                (b) Before operations begin, you must submit to the Service:
                (1) Financial assurance in the amount specified by the Service and in accordance with the requirements of §§ 29.150 through 29.154, Financial Assurance;
                (2) Proof of liability insurance with limits sufficient to cover injuries to persons or property caused by your operations; and
                (3) A statement under penalty of perjury, signed by an official who is authorized to legally bind the company, stating that proposed operations are in compliance with any applicable Federal law or regulation or any applicable State law or regulation related to non-Federal oil and gas operations and that all information submitted to the Service is true and correct.

                § 29.104
                What actions may the Service take on my operations permit application?

                (a) We will make a decision on your application within 180 days from the date we deem your application complete unless:

                (1) We and you agree that such decision will occur within a shorter or longer period of time; or
                (2) We determine that an additional period of time is required to ensure that we have, in reviewing the permit application, complied with all applicable legal requirements.
                (b) We will notify you in writing that your permit application is:
                (1) Approved, with or without operating conditions; or
                (2) Denied, and provide justification for the denial. Any such denial must be consistent with § 29.40(c).

              Operating Standards

                § 29.110
                What are the purposes of the Service's operating standards?
                The purposes are to:
                (a) Protect Service-administered lands and waters, and refuge resources; wildlife-dependent visitor uses and experiences; and visitor and employee health and safety; and
                (b) Ensure use of technologically feasible, least damaging methods. The operating standards give us and the operator flexibility to consider using alternative methods, equipment, materials design, and conduct of operations.

                § 29.111
                What general facility design and management standards must I meet?
                As a permittee, you must:
                (a) Design, construct, operate, and maintain access to your operational site to cause the minimum amount of surface disturbance needed to safely conduct operations and to avoid areas we have identified as containing sensitive resources.
                (b) Install and maintain secondary containment materials and structures for all equipment and facilities using or storing contaminating substances. The containment system must be sufficiently impervious to prevent discharge and must have sufficient storage capacity to contain, at a minimum, the largest potential spill incident.
                (c) Keep temporarily stored waste in the smallest area feasible, and confine the waste to prevent escape as a result of percolation, rain, high water, or other causes. You must regularly remove waste from the refuge and lawfully dispose of the waste in a direct and workable timeframe. You may not establish a solid waste disposal site on a refuge.
                (d) Use engines that adhere to applicable Federal and State emission standards.
                (e) Construct, maintain, and use roads in a manner to minimize fugitive dust emissions.
                (f) Design, operate, and maintain your operations and equipment in a manner consistent with good air pollution control practices so as to minimize emissions and leaks of air pollutants and hydrocarbons, including intentional releases or flaring of gases.
                (g) Control the invasion of noxious and invasive plant and animal species in your area of operations from the beginning through final reclamation.
                (h) Avoid conducting ground-disturbing operations within 500 feet of any surface water, including an intermittent or ephemeral watercourse, or wetland, or any refuge structure or facility used by refuges for interpretation, public recreation, or administration. We may increase or decrease this distance consistent with the need to protect Service-administered structures or facilities, visitor uses or experiences, or visitor or employee health and safety; or to ensure that you have reasonable access to your non-Federal oil and gas. Measurements for purposes of this paragraph are by map distance.

                § 29.112
                What fish and wildlife protection standards must I meet?
                To protect fish and wildlife resources on the refuge, you must:
                (a) Along with your employees and contractors, adhere to all refuge regulations for the protection of fish, wildlife, and plants;
                (b) Ensure that you, your employees, and contractors have been informed and educated by the refuge staff on the appropriate protection practices for wildlife conservation;
                (c) Conduct operations in a manner that does not create an unsafe environment for fish and wildlife by avoiding or minimizing exposure to physical and chemical hazards; and
                (d) Conduct operations in a manner that avoids or minimizes impacts to sensitive wildlife, including timing and location of operations.

                § 29.113
                What hydrologic standards must I meet?
                You must:
                (a) Construct facilities in a manner that maintains hydrologic movement and function.
                (b) Not cause measurable degradation of surface water or groundwater beyond that of existing conditions.
                (c) Conduct operations in a manner that maintains natural processes of erosion and sedimentation.

                § 29.114
                What safety standards must I meet?
                To ensure the safety of your operations, you must:
                (a) Maintain your area of operations in a manner that avoids or minimizes the cause or spread of fire and does not intensify fire originating outside your operations area;
                (b) Maintain structures, facilities, improvements, and equipment in a safe and professional manner in order not to create an unsafe environment for refuge resources, visitors, and employees, by avoiding or minimizing exposure to physical and chemical hazards; and
                (c) Provide site-security measures to protect visitors from hazardous conditions resulting from your operations.

                § 29.115
                What lighting and visual standards must I meet?
                (a) You must design, shield, and focus lighting to minimize the effects of spill light on the night sky or adjacent areas; and
                (b) You must reduce visual contrast in the landscape in selecting the area of operations, avoiding unnecessary disturbance, choosing appropriate colors and materials for roads and permanent structures, and other means.

                § 29.116
                What noise reduction standards must I meet?
                You must prevent or minimize all noise that:
                (a) Adversely affects refuge resources or uses, taking into account frequency, magnitude, or duration; or
                (b) Exceeds levels that have been identified through monitoring as being acceptable to or appropriate for uses at the sites being monitored.

                § 29.117
                What reclamation and protection standards must I meet?
                (a) You must promptly clean up and remove from the refuge any released contaminating substances in accordance with all applicable Federal, State, and local laws.
                (b) You must perform partial reclamation of areas that are no longer necessary to conduct operations. You must begin final reclamation within 6 months after you complete your authorized operations unless we authorize a different reclamation period in writing.
                (c) You must protect all survey markers (e.g., monuments, witness corners, reference monuments, and bearing trees) against destruction, obliteration, or damage from operations. You are responsible for reestablishment, restoration, and referencing of any monuments, corners, and bearing trees that are destroyed, obliterated, or damaged by your operations.
                (d) You must complete reclamation by:
                (1) Plugging all wells;
                (2) Removing all above-ground structures, equipment, roads, and all other manmade material and debris resulting from operations;
                (3) Removing or neutralizing any contaminating substances;

                (4) Reestablishing native vegetative communities, or providing for conditions where ecological processes typical of the ecological zone (e.g., plant or wildlife succession) will reestablish themselves;
                (5) Grading to conform the contours to pre-existing elevations as necessary to maximize ecological function;
                (6) Restoring conditions to pre-disturbance hydrologic movement and functionality;
                (7) Restoring natural systems using native soil material that is similar in character to the adjacent undisturbed soil profiles;
                (8) Ensuring that reclamation does not interfere with visitor use or with administration of the refuge;

                (9) Attaining conditions that are consistent with the management objectives of the refuge, designed to meet the purposes for which the refuge was established; and

                (10) Coordinating with us or with other operators who may be using a portion of your area of operations to ensure proper and equitable apportionment of reclamation responsibilities.

                § 29.118
                What additional operating standards apply to geophysical operations?
                If you conduct geophysical operations, you must do all of the following:
                (a) Use surveying methods that minimize the need for vegetative trimming and removal.
                (b) Locate source points using industry-accepted minimum safe-offset distances from pipelines, telephone lines, railroad tracks, roads, power lines, water wells, oil and gas wells, oil- and gas-production facilities, and buildings.
                (c) Use equipment and methods that, based upon the specific environment, will minimize impacts to Service-administered lands and waters, and resources of refuges; visitor uses and experiences; and visitor and employee health and safety.
                (d) If you use shot holes, you must:
                (1) Use biodegradable charges;
                (2) Plug all shot holes to prevent a pathway for migration for fluids along any portion of the bore; and
                (3) Leave the site in a clean and safe condition that will not impede surface reclamation or pose a hazard to wildlife or human health and safety.

                § 29.119
                What additional operating standards apply to drilling and production operations?
                If you conduct drilling and production operations, you must meet all of the following standards:
                (a) To conduct drilling operations, you must:
                (1) Use containerized mud circulation systems for operations;
                (2) Not create or use earthen pits;
                (3) Take all necessary precautions to keep your wells under control at all times, using only employees, contractors, or subcontractors trained and competent in well control procedures and equipment operation, and using industry-accepted well control equipment and practices; and
                (4) Design, implement, and maintain integrated casing, cementing, drilling fluid, completion, stimulation, and blowout prevention programs to prevent escape of fluids to the surface and to isolate and protect usable water zones throughout the life of the well, taking into account all relevant geologic and engineering factors.
                (b) To conduct production operations, in addition to meeting the standards of paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(4) of this section, you must do all of the following:
                (1) Monitor producing conditions for early indications that could lead to loss of mechanical integrity of producing equipment.
                (2) Maintain all surface equipment and the wellhead to prevent leaks or releases of any fluids or air pollutants.
                (3) Identify wells and related facilities with appropriate signage. Signs must remain in place until the well is plugged and abandoned and the related facilities are removed. Signs must be of durable construction, and the lettering must be legible and large enough to be read under normal conditions at a distance of at least 50 feet. Each sign must show the name of the well, name of the operator, and the emergency contact phone number.
                (4) Remove all equipment and materials when not needed for the current phase of your operation.
                (5) Plug all wells, leaving the surface in a clean and safe condition that will not impede surface reclamation or pose a hazard to wildlife or human health and safety, in accordance with § 29.117.

              General Terms and Conditions

                § 29.120
                What terms and conditions apply to all operators?
                The following terms and conditions apply to all operators, regardless of whether these terms and conditions are expressly included in the permit:

                (a) You must comply with all applicable operating standards in §§ 29.111 through 29.119; these operating standards will be incorporated in the terms and conditions of your operations permit. Violation of these operating standards, unless otherwise provided in your operations permit, will subject you to the Prohibited Acts and Penalties provisions of §§ 29.190 through 29.192.

                (b) You are responsible for ensuring that all of your employees, agents, contractors, and subcontractors comply fully with the requirements of this subpart.
                (c) You may be required to reimburse the Service for the costs of processing and administering temporary access permits and operations permits.
                (d) You may not use any surface water or groundwater from a source located on a refuge unless you have demonstrated a right to use that water or the use has been approved by the Service as the technologically feasible, least damaging method.
                (e) You agree to indemnify and hold harmless the United States and its officers and employees from and against any and all liability of any kind whatsoever arising out of or resulting from the acts or omissions of you and your employees, agents, representatives, contractors, and subcontractors in the conduct of activities under a Service-issued permit.
                (f) You will be required to take all reasonable precautions to avoid, minimize, rectify, or reduce the overall impacts of your proposed oil and gas activities to the refuge. You may be required to mitigate for impacts to refuge resources and lost uses. Mutually agreed to mitigation tools for this purpose may include providing alternative habitat creation or restoration, land purchase, or other resource compensation.
                (g) You are responsible for unanticipated and unauthorized damages as a direct or indirect result of your operations. You will be responsible for the actions and consequences of your employees and subcontractors. You will also be responsible for any reclamation of damages to refuge resources directly or indirectly caused by your operations through the occurrence of severe weather, fire, earthquakes, or the like thereof.

                § 29.121
                What monitoring and reporting is required for all operators?
                (a) The Service may access your area of operations at any time to monitor the effects of your operations to ensure compliance with the regulations in this subpart.
                (b) The Service may determine that third-party monitors are necessary to ensure compliance with your operations permit and to protect Service-administered lands and waters, or the resources of refuges, visitor uses and experiences, and visitor or employee health and safety.
                (1) The Service's determination will be based on the scope and complexity of the proposed operation, reports that you are required to submit under paragraph (e) of this section, and whether the refuge has the staff and technical ability to ensure compliance with the operations permit and any provision of this subpart.
                (2) A third-party monitor will report directly to the Service at intervals determined by the Service. We will make the information reported available to you upon your request.
                (3) You will be responsible for the cost of the third-party monitor.
                (c) You must notify the Service within 24 hours of any injuries to or mortality of fish, wildlife, or endangered or threatened plants resulting from your operations.
                (d) You must notify the Service of any accidents involving serious personal injury or death and of any fires or spills on the site immediately after the accident occurs. You must submit a full written report on the accident to the Service within 90 days after the accident occurs.
                (e) Upon our request, you must submit reports or other information necessary to verify compliance with your permit or with any provision of this subpart. To fulfill this request, you may submit to us reports that you have submitted to the State under State regulations, or that you have submitted to any other Federal agency to the extent they are sufficient to verify compliance with permits or this subpart.

                (f) If your operations include hydraulic fracturing, you must provide the Service with a report including the true vertical depth of the well, total water volume used, and a description of the base fluid and each additive in the hydraulic fracturing fluid, including the trade name, supplier, purpose, ingredients, Chemical Abstract Service Number (CAS), maximum ingredient concentration in additive (percent by mass), and maximum ingredient concentration in hydraulic fracturing fluid (percent by mass). The report must be either submitted through FracFocus or another Service-designated database.

                § 29.122
                For how long is my operations permit valid?
                Operations permits remain valid for the duration of the operation. Provisions of § 29.160 apply.

              Access Fees

                § 29.140
                May I cross Federal property to reach the boundary of my oil and gas right?
                The Service may grant you the privilege of access on, across, or through Service-administered lands or waters to reach the boundary of your oil and gas right. You should contact the Service to determine if additional permits are necessary for access.

                § 29.141
                Will the Service charge me a fee for access?
                (a) The Service will charge you a fee if you require use of Service-administered lands or waters outside the boundary or scope of your oil and gas right:
                (1) If you require new use of Service-administered lands or waters, we will charge you a fee based on the fair market value of that use.
                (2) Fees under this section will not be charged for access within the scope of your oil and gas right or access to your right that is otherwise provided for by law.
                (b) If access to your oil and gas right is across an existing refuge road, we may charge a fee according to a posted fee schedule.

                § 29.142
                Will I be charged a fee for emergency access to my operations?
                No.
                (a) The Service will not charge a fee for access across Service-administered lands or waters beyond the scope of your oil and gas right as necessary to respond to an emergency situation at your area of operations if we determine after the fact that the circumstances required an immediate response to either:
                (1) Prevent or minimize injury to refuge resources; or
                (2) Ensure public health and safety.
                (b) You will remain liable for any damage caused to refuge resources as a result of such emergency access.

              Financial Assurance

                § 29.150
                When do I have to provide financial assurance to the Service?
                You will need to provide financial assurance as a condition of approval for your operations permit when you submit your application. You must file financial assurance with us in a form acceptable to the Service and payable upon demand. This financial assurance is in addition to any financial assurance required by any other Federal or State regulatory authority.

                § 29.151
                How does the Service establish the amount of financial assurance?
                (a) You are responsible for completing reclamation of your disturbances, whether within or outside your permit area, in accordance with this subpart and the terms of your permit. If you fail to properly complete reclamation, you will be liable for the full costs of completing the reclamation. We will base the financial assurance amount upon the estimated cost that a third-party contractor would charge to complete reclamation in accordance with this subpart. If the cost of reclamation exceeds the amount of your financial assurance, you will remain liable for all costs of reclamation in excess of the financial assurance.
                (b) The Service will reduce the required amount of your financial assurance during the pendency of operations by the amount we determine is represented by in-kind reclamation you complete during your operations.

                § 29.152
                Will the Service adjust the amount required for my financial assurance?
                The Service may require, or you may request, an adjustment to the financial assurance amount because of any circumstances that increase or decrease the estimated costs established under § 29.151.

                § 29.153
                When will the Service release my financial assurance?
                (a) Your responsibility under the financial assurance will continue until either:
                (1) The Service determines that you have met all applicable reclamation operating standards and any additional reclamation requirements that may be included in your operations permit; or
                (2) A new operator assumes your operations, as provided in § 29.170(b).
                (b) You will be notified by the Service within 30 calendar days of our determination that your financial assurance has been released.

                § 29.154
                Under what circumstances will I forfeit my financial assurance?
                (a) You may forfeit all or part of your financial assurance if we cannot secure your compliance with the provisions of your operations permit or a provision of this subpart. The part of your financial assurance forfeited is based on costs to the Service to remedy your noncompliance.
                (b) In addition to forfeited financial assurance, we may temporarily:
                (1) Prohibit you from removing all structures, equipment, or other materials from your area of operations;
                (2) Require you to secure the operations site and take any necessary actions to protect Service-administered lands and waters, and resources of the refuge; visitor uses; and visitor or employee health and safety; and
                (3) Suspend review of any permit applications you have submitted until we determine that all violations of permit provisions or of any provision of this subpart are resolved.
                (4) Seek recovery as provided in § 29.151 for all costs of reclamation in excess of the posted financial assurance.

              Modification to an Operation

                § 29.160
                Can I modify operations under an approved permit?
                The Service may amend an approved temporary access permit or an operations permit to adjust to changed conditions or to address unanticipated conditions, either upon our own action or at your request.
                (a) To request a modification to your operation, you must provide, in writing, to the Service, your assigned permit number, a description of the proposed modification, and an explanation of why the modification is needed. We will review your request for modification under the approval standards at §§ 29.72 or 29.103. You may not implement any modification until you have received the Service's written approval.
                (b) If the Service needs to amend your temporary access permit or operations permit, you will receive a written notice that:
                (1) Describes the modification required and justification;
                (2) Specifies the time within which you must notify the Service that you either accept the modifications to your permit or explain any concerns you may have; and
                (3) Absent any concerns, specifies the time within which you must incorporate the modification into your operations.

              Change of Operator

                § 29.170
                What are my responsibilities if I transfer my right to operate?
                (a) If your operations are being conducted under § 29.44, you must notify the Service in writing within 30 calendar days from the date the new operator acquires the rights to conduct operations. Your written notification must include:
                (1) The names and addresses of the person or entity conveying the right and of the person or entity acquiring the right;
                (2) The effective date of transfer;
                (3) The description of the rights, assets, and liabilities being transferred and which ones, if any, are being reserved by the previous operator; and
                (4) A written acknowledgement from the new operator that the contents of the notification are true and correct.
                (b) If your operations are being conducted under § 29.43 or an operations permit:
                (1) You must provide notice under paragraph (a) of this section.

                (2) You remain responsible for compliance with your operations permit, and we will retain your financial assurance until the new operator:

                (i) Adopts and agrees in writing to conduct operations in accordance with all terms and conditions of your operations permit;
                (ii) Provides financial assurance with us that is acceptable to the Service and made payable to the Service; and
                (iii) Receives written notification from the Service that transfer of the operations permit has been approved.

                § 29.171
                What must I do if operations are transferred to me?
                (a) If another operator transfers operations conducted under § 29.44, as the transferee you may continue operating under the requirements of that section, but:
                (1) Within 30 calendar days from the date of the transfer, you must provide to the Service:
                (i) Documentation demonstrating that you hold the right to operate; and
                (ii) The names, phone numbers, and addresses of your:
                (A) Primary company representative;
                (B) Representative responsible for field supervision; and
                (C) Representative responsible for emergency response.
                (2) Within 90 days, or as otherwise agreed to by the Service, submit an operations permit application in compliance with §§ 29.90-29.97, Operations Permit: Application, that must be approved in compliance with applicable provisions of this subpart and under the timelines outlined in §§ 29.100-29.103, Operations Permit: Application Review and Approval.
                (b) If another operator transfers operations conducted under § 29.43 or an operations permit, you must within 30 days of commencing transferred operations:
                (1) Provide documentation demonstrating that you hold the right to operate.
                (2) Provide the names, phone numbers, and addresses of your:
                (i) Primary company representative;
                (ii) Representative responsible for field supervision; and
                (iii) Representative responsible for emergency response.
                (3) Agree in writing to conduct operations in accordance with all terms and conditions of the previous operator's permit.
                (4) File financial assurance with us that is acceptable to the Service and made payable to the Service.
                (5) Receive written approval from the Service for the transfer of the operation's permit.
                (c) You may modify operations transferred to you in accordance with § 29.160.

              Well Plugging

                § 29.180
                When must I plug my well?
                Except as provided in § 29.181, you must plug your well, in accordance with the standards and procedures outlined in this subpart, when any of the following occurs:
                (a) Your drilling operations have ended and you have taken no further action on your well within 60 calendar days;
                (b) Your well, which has been completed for production operations, has no measurable production quantities for 12 consecutive months; or
                (c) The period approved in your permit to maintain your well in shut-in status has expired.

                § 29.181
                Can I get an extension to the well plugging requirement?
                (a) You may apply for either an operations permit or a modification to your approved operations permit to maintain your well in a shut-in status for up to 5 years. Provide the information requested on FWS Form 3-2469, including, but not limited to:
                (1) An explanation of why the well is shut-in or temporarily abandoned and your future plans for utilization;
                (2) A demonstration of the mechanical integrity of the well; and
                (3) A description of the manner in which your well, equipment, and area of operations will be maintained in accordance with the standards in the subpart.

                (b) Based on the information provided under this section, we may approve your application to maintain your well in shut-in status for a period up to 5 years. We may condition an extension on an adjustment of your financial assurance.

                (c) You may apply for additional extensions by submitting a new application under paragraph (a) of this section.

              Prohibited Acts and Penalties

                § 29.190
                What acts are prohibited under this subpart?
                The following acts are prohibited:
                (a) Operating in violation of the terms or conditions of a temporary access permit, an operations permit, a permit under § 29.43, or any applicable provision of this subpart, including §§ 29.60-29.64 for pre-existing operations.
                (b) Damaging Service-administered lands or waters, or resources of a refuge, as a result of failure to comply with the terms or conditions of a temporary access permit, an operations permit, operations being conducted under §§ 29.43 or 29.44, or any provision of this subpart.
                (c) Conducting operations without a temporary access permit or an operations permit, unless conducting operations under §§ 29.43 or 29.44.
                (d) Failure to comply with any suspension or revocation order issued under this subpart.
                (e) Failure to comply with the applicable provisions of Federal law or regulation including this subchapter.
                (f) Failure to comply with the applicable provisions of the laws and regulations of the State wherein any operation is located unless further restricted by Federal law or regulation including this subchapter.

                § 29.191
                What enforcement actions can the Service take?
                If you engage in a prohibited act:
                (a) The Service may suspend and/or revoke your approved operations permit and your authorization for operations as set forth at § 29.43 and § 29.44; and/or
                (b) All prohibited acts are subject to the penalty provisions set forth at § 28.31 of this subchapter.

                § 29.192
                How do violations affect my ability to obtain a permit?
                Until you comply with the regulations in this subpart, we will not consider a request to conduct any new operations, except plugging and reclamation operations, on Service-administered lands or waters.

              Appeals

                § 29.200
                Can I, as operator, appeal Service decisions?
                Yes. If you disagree with a decision made by the Service under this subpart, you may use the appeals process in § 25.45 of this subchapter. The process set forth in § 25.45 will be used for appeal of any written decision concerning approval, denial, or modification of an operation made by the Service under this subpart. No Service decision under this subpart that is subject to appeal to the Regional Director or the Director shall be considered final agency action subject to judicial review under 5 U.S.C. 704 until the Regional Director has rendered his or her decision on the matter. The decision of the Regional Director will constitute the Service's final agency action, and no further appeal will lie in the Department from that decision.

              Public Information

                § 29.210
                How can the public learn about oil and gas activities on refuge lands?
                (a) Interested parties may view publicly available documents at the refuge's office during normal business hours or by other means prescribed by the refuge. The availability for public inspection of information about the nature, location, character, or ownership of refuge resources will conform to all applicable laws and implementing regulations, standards, and guidelines.
                (b) The refuge will make available for public inspection any documents that an operator submits to the Service under this subpart except those that the operator has identified as proprietary or confidential.
                (c) For the information required in § 29.121(f), the operator and the owner of the information will be deemed to have waived any right to protect from public disclosure information submitted through FracFocus or another Service-designated database.

                (d) For information required under this subpart that the owner of the information claims to be exempt from public disclosure and is withheld from the Service, a corporate officer, managing partner, or sole proprietor of the operator must sign and the operator must submit to the authorized officer an affidavit that:
                (1) Identifies the owner of the withheld information and provides the name, address, and contact information for a corporate officer, managing partner, or sole proprietor of the owner of the information;
                (2) Identifies the Federal statute or regulation that would prohibit the Service from publicly disclosing the information if it were in the Service's possession;
                (3) Affirms that the operator has been provided the withheld information from the owner of the information and is maintaining records of the withheld information, or that the operator has access and will maintain access to the withheld information held by the owner of the information;
                (4) Affirms that the information is not publicly available;
                (5) Affirms that the information is not required to be publicly disclosed under any applicable local, State, tribal, or Federal law;
                (6) Affirms that the owner of the information is in actual competition and identifies competitors or others that could use the withheld information to cause the owner of the information substantial competitive harm;
                (7) Affirms that the release of the information would likely cause substantial competitive harm to the owner of the information and provides the factual basis for that affirmation; and
                (8) Affirms that the information is not readily apparent through reverse engineering with publicly available information.
                (e) If the operator relies upon information from third parties, such as the owner of the withheld information, to make the affirmations in paragraphs (d)(6) through (d)(8) of this section, the operator must provide a written affidavit from the third party that sets forth the relied-upon information.
                (f) The Service may require any operator to submit to the Service any withheld information, and any information relevant to a claim that withheld information is exempt from public disclosure.
                (g) If the Service determines that the information submitted under paragraphs (d) or (e) of this section is not exempt from disclosure, the Service will make the information available to the public after providing the operator and owner of the information with no fewer than 10 business days' notice of the Service's determination.
                (h) The operator must maintain records of the withheld information until the later of the Service's release of the operator's financial assurance or 7 years after completion of operations on refuge lands. Any subsequent operator will be responsible for maintaining access to records required by this paragraph during its operation of the well. The operator will be deemed to be maintaining the records if it can promptly provide the complete and accurate information to the Service, even if the information is in the custody of its owner.
                (i) If any of the chemical identity information required in this subpart is withheld, the operator must provide the generic chemical name in the submission required. The generic chemical name must be only as nonspecific as is necessary to protect the confidential chemical identity, and should be the same as or no less descriptive than the generic chemical name provided to the Environmental Protection Agency.

              Information Collection

                § 29.220
                Has the Office of Management and Budget approved the collection of information?
                The Office of Management and Budget reviewed and approved the information collection requirements contained in this subpart and assigned OMB Control No. 1018-0162. We use the information collected under this subpart to manage non-Federal oil and gas operations on Service-administered lands or waters for the purpose of protecting wildlife and habitat, water quality and quantity, wildlife-dependent recreational opportunities, and the health and safety of employees and visitors on the NWRS. We may not conduct or sponsor and you are not required to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number.

          Pt. 30
          PART 30—RANGE AND FERAL ANIMAL MANAGEMENT

              Subpart A—Range Animals
              Sec.
              30.1
              Surplus range animals.
              30.2
              Disposition of surplus range animals.

              Subpart B—Feral Animals
              30.11
              Control of feral animals.
              30.12
              Disposition of feral animals.

            Authority:
            5 U.S.C. 301; 16 U.S.C. 668dd, as amended; 16 U.S.C. 715i, as amended; 41 CFR 101-44.

            Subpart A—Range Animals

              § 30.1
              Surplus range animals.
              Range animals on fenced wildlife refuge areas, including buffalo and longhorn cattle, determined to be surplus to the needs of the conservation program may be planned and scheduled for disposal.
              [38 FR 16356, June 22, 1973]

              § 30.2
              Disposition of surplus range animals.
              Disposition shall be made only during regularly scheduled disposal program periods, except in the event of exigent circumstances affecting the animals, their range, or the recipient. The Refuge Manager is responsible for determining the existence of “exigent circumstances.” Surplus range animals may be disposed of, subject to State and Federal health laws and regulations, by donation for specific purposes to public agencies, public institutions, other governments or charitable institutions, or sold on the open market.
              [62 FR 19937, Apr. 24, 1997]

            Subpart B—Feral Animals

              § 30.11
              Control of feral animals.
              (a) Feral animals, including horses, burros, cattle, swine, sheep, goats, reindeer, dogs, and cats, without ownership that have reverted to the wild from a domestic state may be taken by authorized Federal or State personnel or by private persons operating under permit in accordance with applicable provisions of Federal or State law or regulation.
              (b) [Reserved]
              [31 FR 16027, Dec. 15, 1966]

              § 30.12
              Disposition of feral animals.
              Feral animals taken on wildlife refuge areas may be disposed of by sale on the open market, gift or loan to public or private institutions for specific purposes, and as otherwise provided in section 401 of the act of June 15, 1935 (49 Stat. 383, 16 U.S.C. 715s).
              [38 FR 16356, June 22, 1973]

          Pt. 31
          PART 31—WILDLIFE SPECIES MANAGEMENT

              Subpart A—Surplus Wildlife
              Sec.
              31.1
              Determination of surplus wildlife populations.
              31.2
              Methods of surplus wildlife population control and disposal.

              Subpart B—Terms and Conditions of Wildlife Reduction and Disposal
              31.11
              Donation and loan of wildlife specimens.
              31.12
              Sale of wildlife specimens.
              31.13
              Commercial harvest of fishery resources.
              31.14
              Official animal control operations.
              31.15
              Public hunting and fishing programs.
              31.16
              Trapping program.
              31.17
              Disposal of furs and pelts.

            Authority:
            Sec. 2, 33 Stat. 614, as amended, sec. 5, 43 Stat. 651, secs. 5, 10, 45 Stat. 449, 1224, secs. 4, 2, 48 Stat. 402, as amended, 451, as amended, 1270, sec. 4, 76 Stat. 654; 5 U.S.C. 301, 16 U.S.C. 685, 725, 690d, 715i, 664, 718(b), 43 U.S.C. 315a, 16 U.S.C. 460k; sec. 2, 80 Stat. 926; 16 U.S.C. 668bb.

            Source:
            31 FR 16027, Dec. 15, 1966, unless otherwise noted.

            Subpart A—Surplus Wildlife

              § 31.1
              Determination of surplus wildlife populations.
              The populations and requirements of wildlife species on wildlife refuge areas shall be determined by population census, habitat evaluation, and other means of ecological study.

              § 31.2
              Methods of surplus wildlife population control and disposal.

              Upon a determination that wildlife are surplus to a balanced conservation program on any wildlife refuge area, the surplus may be reduced or utilized in accordance with Federal and State law and regulation by:
              (a) Donation or loan to public agencies and institutions.
              (b) Sale to public or private agencies and institutions.
              (c) Commercial harvest of fishery resources.
              (d) Official wildlife control operations.
              (e) Public hunting or fishing.
              (f) Trapping.

            Subpart B—Terms and Conditions of Wildlife Reduction and Disposal

              § 31.11
              Donation and loan of wildlife specimens.
              Wildlife specimens may be donated or loaned to public institutions for specific purposes. Donation or loans of resident species of wildlife will not be made unless the recipient has secured the approval of the State.
              [38 FR 16356, June 22, 1973]

              § 31.12
              Sale of wildlife specimens.
              Surplus wildlife specimens may be sold alive or butchered, dressed and processed subject to Federal and State laws and regulations and the provisions of this part.

              § 31.13
              Do we allow commercial harvest of fishery resources?
              Refuge managers may allow commercial harvest of fishery resources by issuance of a permit or by refuge-specific regulation in compliance with applicable State and Federal laws when compatible and in compliance with § 29.1 of this subchapter C.
              [69 FR 54362, Sept. 8, 2004]

              § 31.14
              Official animal control operations.
              (a) Animal species which are surplus or detrimental to the management program of a wildlife refuge area may be taken in accordance with Federal and State laws and regulations by Federal or State personnel or by permit issued to private individuals.
              (b) Animal species which are damaging or destroying Federal property within a wildlife refuge area may be taken or destroyed by Federal personnel.

              § 31.15
              Public hunting and fishing programs.
              The privilege of hunting and fishing may be extended to the general public under the provisions of regulations cited in parts 32 and 33 of this subchapter.

              § 31.16
              Trapping program.
              Except as hereafter noted, persons trapping animals on wildlife refuge areas where trapping has been authorized shall secure and comply with the provisions of a Federal permit issued for that purpose. This permit shall specify the terms and conditions of trapping activity and the rates of charge or division of pelts, hides, and carcasses. Lands acquired as “waterfowl production areas” shall be open to public trapping without Federal permit provided that trapping on all or part of individual areas may be temporarily suspended by posting upon occasions of unusual or critical conditions affecting land, water, vegetation, or wildlife populations. Each person trapping on any wildlife refuge area shall possess the required State license or permit and shall comply with the provisions of State laws and regulations.
              [36 FR 17998, Sept. 8, 1971]

              § 31.17
              Disposal of furs and pelts.
              The disposition of animals and the pelts or carcasses thereof accruing to the United States through the trapping programs shall be sold by public auction or on the open market unless required for official purposes.

          Pt. 32
          PART 32—HUNTING AND FISHING

              Subpart A—General Provisions
              Sec.
              32.1
              Opening of wildlife refuge areas to hunting.
              32.2
              What are the requirements for hunting on areas of the National Wildlife Refuge System?
              32.3
              What are the procedures for publication of refuge-specific hunting regulations?
              32.4

              Opening of wildlife refuge areas to fishing.

              32.5
              What are the requirements for sportfishing on areas of the National Wildlife Refuge System?
              32.6
              What are the procedures for publication of refuge-specific sport fishing regulations?
              32.7
              What refuge units are open to hunting and/or sport fishing?
              32.8
              Areas closed to hunting.
              32.9
              Information collection requirements.

              Subpart B—Refuge-Specific Regulations for Hunting and Fishing
              32.20
              Alabama.
              32.21
              Alaska.
              32.22
              Arizona.
              32.23
              Arkansas.
              32.24
              California.
              32.25
              Colorado.
              32.26
              Connecticut.
              32.27
              Delaware.
              32.28
              Florida.
              32.29
              Georgia.
              32.30
              Hawaii.
              32.31
              Idaho.
              32.32
              Illinois.
              32.33
              Indiana.
              32.34
              Iowa.
              32.35
              Kansas.
              32.36
              Kentucky.
              32.37
              Louisiana.
              32.38
              Maine.
              32.39
              Maryland.
              32.40
              Massachusetts.
              32.41
              Michigan.
              32.42
              Minnesota.
              32.43
              Mississippi.
              32.44
              Missouri.
              32.45
              Montana.
              32.46
              Nebraska.
              32.47
              Nevada.
              32.48
              New Hampshire.
              32.49
              New Jersey.
              32.50
              New Mexico.
              32.51
              New York.
              32.52
              North Carolina.
              32.53
              North Dakota.
              32.54
              Ohio.
              32.55
              Oklahoma.
              32.56
              Oregon.
              32.57
              Pennsylvania.
              32.58
              Rhode Island.
              32.59
              South Carolina.
              32.60
              South Dakota.
              32.61
              Tennessee.
              32.62
              Texas.
              32.63
              Utah.
              32.64
              Vermont.
              32.65
              Virginia.
              32.66
              Washington.
              32.67
              West Virginia.
              32.68
              Wisconsin.
              32.69
              Wyoming.
              32.70
              Guam.

            Authority:
            5 U.S.C. 301; 16 U.S.C. 460k, 664, 668dd-668ee, and 715i; Pub. L. 115-20, 131 Stat. 86.

            Source:
            58 FR 5064, Jan. 19, 1993, unless otherwise noted.

            Subpart A—General Provisions

              § 32.1
              Opening of wildlife refuge areas to hunting.

              The opening of a wildlife refuge area to hunting will be dependent upon the provisions of law applicable to the area and upon a determination by the Secretary that the opening of the area to the hunting of migratory game birds, upland game, or big game will be compatible with the principles of sound wildlife management and will otherwise be in the public interest. The opening or closing of wildlife refuge areas to hunting shall be in accordance with the rulemaking requirements of the Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. 553). Lands acquired pursuant to the Act of May 18, 1948 (62 Stat. 238, 16 U.S.C. 695) will be opened to hunting only after it has been determined that the major portion of the crops in the vicinity of the area involved have been harvested, that the period of susceptibility of such crops to wildfowl depredation has passed, or that the possibility of these crops being damaged by waterfowl is minor. Lands acquired as “waterfowl production areas” shall annually be open to the hunting of migratory game birds, upland game, and big game subject to the provisions of State law and regulations and the pertinent provisions of parts 25 through 31 of this subchapter: Provided, That all forms of hunting or entry on all or any part of individual areas may be temporarily suspended by posting upon occasions of unusual or critical conditions of, or affecting land, water, vegetation, or wildlife populations.

              § 32.2
              What are the requirements for hunting on areas of the National Wildlife Refuge System?
              The following provisions shall apply to each person while engaged in public hunting on areas of the National Wildlife Refuge System:

              (a) Each person shall secure and possess the required State license.

              (b) Each person 16 years of age and older shall secure and possess a Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp while hunting migratory waterfowl.
              (c) Each person shall comply with the applicable provisions of Federal law and regulations including this subchapter and the current Federal Migratory Bird Regulations.
              (d) Each person shall comply with the applicable provisions of the laws and regulations of the State wherein any area is located unless further restricted by Federal law or regulation.
              (e) Each person shall comply with the terms and conditions authorizing access or use of wildlife refuges, including the terms and conditions under which hunting permits are issued.
              (f) Each person must comply with the provisions of any refuge-specific regulations governing hunting on the wildlife refuge area. Regulations, special conditions, and maps of the hunting areas for a particular wildlife refuge are available at that area's headquarters. In addition, refuge-specific hunting regulations for migratory game bird, upland game, and big game hunting appear in §§ 32.20 through 32.72.
              (g) The use of any drug on any arrow for bow hunting on national wildlife refuges is prohibited. Archers may not have arrows employing such drugs in their possession on any national wildlife refuge.
              (h) The unauthorized distribution of bait and the hunting over bait is prohibited on wildlife refuge areas. (Baiting is authorized in accordance with State regulations on national wildlife refuges in Alaska).
              (i) The use of nails, wire, screws or bolts to attach a stand to a tree, or hunting from a tree into which a metal object has been driven to support a hunter is prohibited on wildlife refuge areas.
              (j) The use or possession of alcoholic beverages while hunting is prohibited.
              (k) You may possess only approved nontoxic shot while in the field, which we identify in 50 CFR 20.21(j), while on Waterfowl Production Areas, or on certain other areas of the National Wildlife Refuge System as delineated on maps, leaflets and/or signs, available at each refuge headquarters or posted at each refuge, or as stated in refuge-specific regulations. Where we allow turkey and deer hunting, you may use slugs and shot containing lead to hunt these species unless prohibited by refuge-specific regulations and/or State law.
              (l) The refuge-specific regulations (§ 32.20 through § 32.72) may include the items discussed in § 32.3(b). Refuge permits and brochures should also include those items and any special conditions allowed by paragraph (f) of this section.
              [58 FR 5064, Jan. 19, 1993, as amended at 63 FR 46914, Sept. 3, 1998; 65 FR 30777, May 12, 2000; 67 FR 58943, Sept. 18, 2002; 81 FR 52271, Aug. 5, 2016; 82 FR 52010, Nov. 9, 2017]

              § 32.3
              What are the procedures for publication of refuge-specific hunting regulations?
              (a) Refuge-specific hunting regulations are issued only at the time of or after the determination and publication of the opening of a wildlife refuge area to migratory game bird, upland game or big game hunting.
              (b) Refuge-specific hunting regulations may contain the following items:
              (1) Wildlife species that may be hunted;
              (2) Seasons;
              (3) Bag limits;
              (4) Methods of hunting;
              (5) Description of areas open to hunting; or
              (6) Other provisions as required.
              (c) Refuge-specific hunting regulations will not liberalize existing State laws or regulations.
              (d) Refuge-specific hunting regulations are subject to change and the public is invited to submit suggestions and comments for consideration at any time.

              (e) We initially publish refuge-specific hunting regulations in the daily issue of the Federal Register, and subsequently they appear in §§ 32.20 through 32.72, except that the refuge manager may adopt and issue relevant refuge-specific season dates and times after the State establishes its hunting seasons by publication through one or more of the methods identified in § 25.31 of this subchapter C.

              (f) Refuge-specific hunting regulations may be amended or new conditions imposed at any time during the hunting season when unpredictable changes occur in wildlife populations, habitat conditions or in other factors affecting a refuge's wildlife resources. Changes in refuge-specific hunting regulations made under the conditions noted in this paragraph (f) can be in force only for the one season to which the changes apply.
              [58 FR 5064, Jan. 19, 1993, as amended at 67 FR 58943, Sept. 18, 2002]

              § 32.4
              Opening of wildlife refuge areas to fishing.

              Wildlife refuge areas may be opened to sport fishing only after a determination is made that this activity is compatible with the purposes for which the refuge was established. In addition, the sport fishing program must be consistent with principles of sound fishery management and otherwise be in the public interest. The opening or closing of wildlife refuge areas to fishing is subject to the rulemaking requirements of the Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. 551 et seq.). Lands acquired as “waterfowl production areas” are open to sport fishing subject to the provisions of State laws and regulations and the pertinent provisions of parts 25 through 31 of this subchapter: Provided, that fishing or entry on all or any part of individual areas may be temporarily suspended by posting upon occasions of unusual or critical conditions of, or affecting, land, water, vegetation or fish and wildlife populations.

              § 32.5
              What are the requirements for sportfishing on areas of the National Wildlife Refuge System?
              The following provisions shall apply to each person while engaged in public sport fishing on a wildlife refuge area:
              (a) Each person shall secure and possess the required State license.
              (b) Each person shall comply with the applicable provisions of Federal law and regulation including this subchapter.
              (c) Each person shall comply with the applicable provisions of the laws and regulations of the State wherein any area is located unless the same are further restricted by Federal law or regulation.
              (d) Each person shall comply with the terms and conditions authorizing access and use of the wildlife refuge area.
              (e) Each person must comply with the provisions of any refuge-specific regulation governing fishing on the wildlife refuge area. Regulations, special conditions, and maps of the fishing areas for a particular wildlife refuge are available at that area's headquarters. In addition, refuge-specific sport fishing regulations appear in §§ 32.20 through 32.72.
              [58 FR 5064, Jan. 19, 1993, as amended at 67 FR 58943, Sept. 18, 2002]

              § 32.6
              What are the procedures for publication of refuge-specific sport fishing regulations?
              (a) Refuge-specific fishing regulations are issued only at the time of or after the opening of a wildlife refuge area to sport fishing.
              (b) Refuge-specific fishing regulations may contain the following items:
              (1) Fish species that may be taken;
              (2) Seasons;
              (3) Creel limits;
              (4) Methods of fishing;
              (5) Description of areas open to fishing; or
              (6) Other provisions as required.
              (c) Refuge-specific fishing regulations will not liberalize existing State laws or regulations.
              (d) Refuge-specific fishing regulations are subject to change and the public is invited to submit suggestions and comments for consideration at any time.

              (e) We initially publish refuge-specific sport fishing regulations in the daily issue of the Federal Register, and subsequently they appear in §§ 32.20 through 32.72.
              (f) Refuge-specific fishing regulations may be amended as needed when unpredictable changes occur in fish and wildlife populations, habitat conditions or in other factors affecting a refuge's fish and wildlife resources.
              [58 FR 5064, Jan. 19, 1993, as amended at 67 FR 58943, Sept. 18, 2002]

              § 32.7
              What refuge units are open to hunting and/or sport fishing?

              Refuge units open to hunting and/or sport fishing in accordance with the provisions of this subpart and §§ 32.20 through 32.70, inclusive, are as follows:

              (a) Alabama. (1) Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Cahaba River National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Choctaw National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) Eufaula National Wildlife Refuge.
              (5) Grand Bay National Wildlife Refuge.
              (6) Key Cave National Wildlife Refuge.
              (7) Mountain Longleaf National Wildlife Refuge.
              (8) Sauta Cave National Wildlife Refuge.
              (9) Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge.
              (b) Alaska. (1) Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Alaska Peninsula National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) Becharof National Wildlife Refuge.
              (5) Innoko National Wildlife Refuge.
              (6) Izembek National Wildlife Refuge.
              (7) Kanuti National Wildlife Refuge.
              (8) Kenai National Wildlife Refuge.
              (9) Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge.
              (10) Koyukuk National Wildlife Refuge.
              (11) Nowitna National Wildlife Refuge.
              (12) Salawik National Wildlife Refuge.
              (13) Tetlin National Wildlife Refuge.
              (14) Togiak National Wildlife Refuge.
              (15) Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge.
              (16) Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge.
              (c) Arizona. (1) Bill Williams River National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) Cibola National Wildlife Refuge.
              (5) Havasu National Wildlife Refuge.
              (6) Imperial National Wildlife Refuge.
              (7) Kofa National Wildlife Refuge.
              (8) Leslie Canyon National Wildlife Refuge.
              (9) San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge.
              (d) Arkansas. (1) Bald Knob National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Big Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Cache River National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) Dale Bumpers White River National Wildlife Refuge.
              (5) Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge.
              (6) Holla Bend National Wildlife Refuge.
              (7) Overflow National Wildlife Refuge.
              (8) Pond Creek National Wildlife Refuge.
              (9) Wapanocca National Wildlife Refuge.
              (e) California. (1) Cibola National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Clear Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Colusa National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) Delevan National Wildlife Refuge.
              (5) Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge.
              (6) Havasu National Wildlife Refuge.
              (7) Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge.
              (8) Imperial National Wildlife Refuge.
              (9) Kern National Wildlife Refuge.
              (10) Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge.
              (11) Marin Islands National Wildlife Refuge.
              (12) Merced National Wildlife Refuge.
              (13) Modoc National Wildlife Refuge.
              (14) Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge.
              (15) Sacramento River National Wildlife Refuge.
              (16) Salinas River National Wildlife Refuge.
              (17) San Diego Bay National Wildlife Refuge.
              (18) San Luis National Wildlife Refuge.
              (19) San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge.
              (20) Sonny Bono Salton Sea National Wildlife Refuge.
              (21) Stone Lakes National Wildlife Refuge.
              (22) Sutter National Wildlife Refuge.
              (23) Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (f) Colorado. (1) Alamosa National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Arapaho National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Baca National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) Browns Park National Wildlife Refuge.
              (5) Monte Vista National Wildlife Refuge.
              (6) Rocky Mountain Arsenal.

              (g) Connecticut. (1) Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Stewart B. McKinney National Wildlife Refuge.
              (h) Delaware. (1) Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge.
              (i) Florida. (1) Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Cedar Keys National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Chassahowitzka National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) Egmont Key National Wildlife Refuge.
              (5) Everglades Headwaters National Wildlife Refuge.
              (6) Hobe Sound National Wildlife Refuge.
              (7) J.N. “Ding” Darling National Wildlife Refuge.
              (8) Lake Woodruff National Wildlife Refuge.
              (9) Lower Suwannee National Wildlife Refuge.
              (10) Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge.
              (11) Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge.
              (12) Pinellas National Wildlife Refuge.
              (13) St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge.
              (14) St. Vincent National Wildlife Refuge.
              (15) Ten Thousand Islands National Wildlife Refuge.
              (j) Georgia. (1) Banks Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Blackbeard Island National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Bond Swamp National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) Eufaula National Wildlife Refuge.
              (5) Harris Neck National Wildlife Refuge.
              (6) Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge.
              (7) Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge.
              (8) Savannah National Wildlife Refuge.
              (9) Wassaw National Wildlife Refuge.
              (10) Wolf Island National Wildlife Refuge.
              (k) Hawaii. (1) Hanalei National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Kakahaia National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Kilauea Point National Wildlife Refuge.
              (l) Idaho. (1) Bear Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Camas National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (5) Kootenai National Wildlife Refuge.
              (6) Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge.
              (m) Illinois. (1) Chautauqua National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Cypress Creek National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) Emiquon National Wildlife Refuge.
              (5) Great River National Wildlife Refuge.
              (6) Hackmatack National Wildlife Refuge.
              (7) Kankakee National Wildlife Refuge.
              (8) Meredosia National Wildlife Refuge.
              (9) Middle Mississippi River National Wildlife Refuge.
              (10) Port Louisa National Wildlife Refuge.
              (11) Two Rivers National Wildlife Refuge.
              (12) Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge.
              (n) Indiana. (1) Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Patoka River National Wildlife Refuge and Management Area
              (o) Iowa. (1) De Soto National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Driftless Area National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Iowa Wetland Management District.
              (4) Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge.
              (5) Northern Tallgrass Prairie National Wildlife Refuge.
              (6) Port Louisa National Wildlife Refuge.
              (7) Union Slough National Wildlife Refuge.

              (8) Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge.
              (p) Kansas. (1) Flint Hills National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Kirwin National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Marais des Cygnes National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) Quivira National Wildlife Refuge.
              (q) Kentucky. (1) Clarks River National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Ohio River Islands National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Reelfoot National Wildlife Refuge.
              (r) Louisiana. (1) Atchafalaya National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Bayou Cocodrie National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Bayou Sauvage National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) Bayou Teche National Wildlife Refuge.
              (5) Big Branch Marsh National Wildlife Refuge.
              (6) Black Bayou Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (7) Bogue Chitto National Wildlife Refuge.
              (8) Breton National Wildlife Refuge.
              (9) Cameron Prairie National Wildlife Refuge.
              (10) Cat Island National Wildlife Refuge.
              (11) Catahoula National Wildlife Refuge.
              (12) D'Arbonne National Wildlife Refuge.
              (13) Delta National Wildlife Refuge.
              (14) Grand Cote National Wildlife Refuge.
              (15) Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge.
              (16) Lake Ophelia National Wildlife Refuge.
              (17) Mandalay National Wildlife Refuge.
              (18) Red River National Wildlife Refuge.
              (19) Sabine National Wildlife Refuge.
              (20) Tensas River National Wildlife Refuge.
              (21) Upper Ouachita National Wildlife Refuge.
              (s) Maine. (1) Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Petit Manan National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) Sunkhaze Meadows National Wildlife Refuge.
              (5) Umbagog National Wildlife Refuge.
              (t) Maryland. (1) Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Patuxent Research Refuge.
              (u) Massachusetts. (1) Assabet River National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Great Meadows National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Mashpee National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge.
              (5) Nantucket National Wildlife Refuge.
              (6) Oxbow National Wildlife Refuge.
              (7) Parker River National Wildlife Refuge.
              (8) Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge.
              (v) Michigan. (1) Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Harbor Island National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Kirtland's Warbler Wildlife Management Area.
              (4) Michigan Wetland Management District.
              (5) Seney National Wildlife Refuge.
              (6) Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge.
              (w) Minnesota. (1) Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Big Stone National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Big Stone Wetland Management District.
              (4) Crane Meadows National Wildlife Refuge.
              (5) Detroit Lakes Wetland Management District.
              (6) Fergus Falls Wetland Management District.
              (7) Glacial Ridge National Wildlife Refuge.
              (8) Hamden Slough National Wildlife Refuge.
              (9) Litchfield Wetland Management District.
              (10) Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge.
              (11) Minnesota Valley Wetland Management District.
              (12) Morris Wetland Management District.
              (13) Northern Tallgrass Prairie National Wildlife Refuge.
              (14) Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge.

              (15) Rydell National Wildlife Refuge.
              (16) Sherburne National Wildlife Refuge.
              (17) Tamarac National Wildlife Refuge.
              (18) Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge.
              (19) Windom Wetland Management District.
              (x) Mississippi. (1) Bogue Chitto National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Coldwater River National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Dahomey National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) Grand Bay National Wildlife Refuge.
              (5) Hillside National Wildlife Refuge.
              (6) Holt Collier National Wildlife Refuge.
              (7) Mathews Brake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (8) Morgan Brake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (9) Panther Swamp National Wildlife Refuge.
              (10) Sam D. Hamilton Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge.
              (11) St. Catherine Creek National Wildlife Refuge.
              (12) Tallahatchie National Wildlife Refuge.
              (13) Yazoo National Wildlife Refuge.
              (y) Missouri. (1) Big Muddy National Fish and Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Clarence Cannon National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Great River National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) Loess Bluffs National Wildlife Refuge.
              (5) Middle Mississippi River National Wildlife Refuge.
              (6) Mingo National Wildlife Refuge.
              (7) Swan Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (8) Two Rivers National Wildlife Refuge.
              (z) Montana. (1) Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Benton Lake Wetland Management District.
              (3) Black Coulee National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) Bowdoin National Wildlife Refuge.
              (5) Bowdoin Wetland Management District.
              (6) Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge.
              (7) Charles M. Russell Wetland Management District.
              (8) Creedman Coulee National Wildlife Refuge.
              (9) Hailstone National Wildlife Refuge.
              (10) Hewitt Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (11) Lake Mason National Wildlife Refuge.
              (12) Lake Thibadeau National Wildlife Refuge.
              (13) Lamesteer National Wildlife Refuge.
              (14) Lee Metcalf National Wildlife Refuge.
              (15) Lost Trail National Wildlife Refuge.
              (16) Medicine Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (17) National Bison Range.
              (18) Ninepipe National Wildlife Refuge.
              (19) Northeast Montana Wetland Management District.
              (20) Northwest Montana Wetland Management District.
              (21) Pablo National Wildlife Refuge.
              (22) Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge.
              (23) Swan River National Wildlife Refuge.
              (24) UL Bend National Wildlife Refuge.
              (25) War Horse National Wildlife Refuge.
              (aa) Nebraska. (1) Boyer Chute National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Fort Niobrara National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) John W. and Louise Seier National Wildlife Refuge.
              (5) North Platte National Wildlife Refuge.
              (6) Rainwater Basin Wetland Management District.
              (7) Valentine National Wildlife Refuge.
              (bb) Nevada. (1) Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Desert National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Fallon National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) Pahranagat National Wildlife Refuge.
              (5) Ruby Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (6) Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge.

              (7) Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge.
              (cc) New Hampshire. (1) Great Bay National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Umbagog National Wildlife Refuge.
              (dd) New Jersey. (1) Cape May National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) Supawna Meadows National Wildlife Refuge.
              (5) Wallkill River National Wildlife Refuge.
              (ee) New Mexico. (1) Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Las Vegas National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) Maxwell National Wildlife Refuge.
              (5) San Andres National Wildlife Refuge.
              (6) Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge.
              (ff) New York. (1) Amagansett National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Elizabeth A. Morton National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Iroquois National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) Montezuma National Wildlife Refuge.
              (5) Oyster Bay National Wildlife Refuge.
              (6) Seatuck National Wildlife Refuge.
              (7) Shawangunk Grasslands National Wildlife Refuge.
              (8) Target Rock National Wildlife Refuge.
              (9) Wallkill National Wildlife Refuge.
              (10) Wertheim National Wildlife Refuge.
              (gg) North Carolina. (1) Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Cedar Island National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Currituck National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge.
              (5) Mackay Island National Wildlife Refuge.
              (6) Mattamuskeet National Wildlife Refuge.
              (7) Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge.
              (8) Pee Dee National Wildlife Refuge.
              (9) Pocosin Lakes National Wildlife Refuge.
              (10) Roanoke River National Wildlife Refuge.
              (11) Swanquarter National Wildlife Refuge.
              (hh) North Dakota. (1) Appert Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Ardoch National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) Arrowwood Wetland Management District.
              (5) Audubon National Wildlife Refuge.
              (6) Audubon Wetland Management District.
              (7) Bone Hill National Wildlife Refuge.
              (8) Brumba National Wildlife Refuge.
              (9) Buffalo Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (10) Camp Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (11) Canefield Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (12) Chase Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (13) Chase Lake Wetland Management District.
              (14) Cottonwood Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (15) Crosby Wetland Management District.
              (16) Dakota Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (17) Des Lacs National Wildlife Refuge.
              (18) Devils Lake Wetland Management District.
              (19) Half Way Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (20) Hiddenwood Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (21) Hobart Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (22) Hutchinson Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (23) J. Clark Salyer National Wildlife Refuge.
              (24) J. Clark Salyer Wetland Management District.
              (25) Johnson Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (26) Kulm Wetland Management District.
              (27) Lake Alice National Wildlife Refuge.

              (28) Lake George National Wildlife Refuge.
              (29) Lake Ilo National Wildlife Refuge.
              (30) Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (31) Lake Nettie National Wildlife Refuge.
              (32) Lake Otis National Wildlife Refuge.
              (33) Lake Patricia National Wildlife Refuge.
              (34) Lake Zahl National Wildlife Refuge.
              (35) Lambs Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (36) Little Goose Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (37) Long Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (38) Long Lake Wetland Management District.
              (39) Lords Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (40) Lost Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (41) Lostwood National Wildlife Refuge.
              (42) Lostwood Wetland Management District.
              (43) Maple River National Wildlife Refuge.
              (44) Pleasant Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (45) Pretty Rock National Wildlife Refuge.
              (46) Rabb Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (47) Rock Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (48) Rose Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (49) School Section National Wildlife Refuge.
              (50) Sheyenne Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (51) Sibley Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (52) Silver Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (53) Slade National Wildlife Refuge.
              (54) Snyder Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (55) Springwater National Wildlife Refuge.
              (56) Stewart Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (57) Stoney Slough National Wildlife Refuge.
              (58) Storm Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (59) Sunburst Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (60) Tewaukon National Wildlife Refuge.
              (61) Tewaukon Wetland Management District.
              (62) Tomahawk National Wildlife Refuge.
              (63) Upper Souris National Wildlife Refuge.
              (64) Wild Rice National Wildlife Refuge.
              (65) Willow Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (66) Wintering River National Wildlife Refuge.
              (67) Wood Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (ii) Ohio. (1) Cedar Point National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge.
              (jj) Oklahoma. (1) Deep Fork National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Little River National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Optima National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) Ozark Plateau National Wildlife Refuge.
              (5) Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge.
              (6) Sequoyah National Wildlife Refuge.
              (7) Tishomingo National Wildlife Refuge.
              (8) Tishomingo Wildlife Management Unit.
              (9) Washita National Wildlife Refuge.
              (10) Wichita Mountains National Wildlife Refuge.
              (kk) Oregon. (1) Bandon Marsh National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Baskett Slough National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Bear Valley National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) Cold Springs National Wildlife Refuge.
              (5) Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge.
              (6) Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge.
              (7) Julia Butler Hansen Refuge for the Columbian White-Tailed Deer.
              (8) Klamath Marsh National Wildlife Refuge.
              (9) Lewis and Clark National Wildlife Refuge.

              (10) Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge.
              (11) Malheur National Wildlife Refuge.
              (12) McKay Creek National Wildlife Refuge.
              (13) McNary National Wildlife Refuge.
              (14) Nestucca Bay National Wildlife Refuge.
              (15) Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge.
              (16) Siletz Bay National Wildlife Refuge.
              (17) Tualatin River National Wildlife Refuge.
              (18) Umatilla National Wildlife Refuge.
              (19) Upper Klamath National Wildlife Refuge.
              (20) Wapato Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (21) William L. Finley National Wildlife Refuge.
              (ll) Pennsylvania. (1) Cherry Valley National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Erie National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge at Tinicum.
              (4) Ohio River Islands National Wildlife Refuge.
              (mm) Rhode Island. (1) Block Island National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) John H. Chafee National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Ninigret National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) Sachuest Point National Wildlife Refuge.
              (5) Trustom Pond National Wildlife Refuge.
              (nn) South Carolina. (1) Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Ernest F. Hollings ACE Basin National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) Pinckney Island National Wildlife Refuge.
              (5) Santee National Wildlife Refuge.
              (6) Savannah National Wildlife Refuge.
              (7) Waccamaw National Wildlife Refuge.
              (oo) South Dakota. (1) Huron Wetland Management District.
              (2) Lacreek National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Lake Andes National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) Lake Andes Wetland Management District.
              (5) Madison Wetland Management District.
              (6) Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (7) Sand Lake Wetland Management District.
              (8) Waubay National Wildlife Refuge.
              (9) Waubay Wetland Management District.
              (pp) Tennessee. (1) Chickasaw National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Cross Creeks National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Hatchie National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) Lake Isom National Wildlife Refuge.
              (5) Lower Hatchie National Wildlife Refuge.
              (6) Reelfoot National Wildlife Refuge.
              (7) Tennessee National Wildlife Refuge.
              (qq) Texas. (1) Anahuac National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Aransas National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Balcones Canyonlands National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) Big Boggy National Wildlife Refuge.
              (5) Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge.
              (6) Buffalo Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (7) Caddo Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (8) Hagerman National Wildlife Refuge.
              (9) Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge.
              (10) Lower Rio Grande Valley National Wildlife Refuge.
              (11) McFaddin National Wildlife Refuge.
              (12) San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge.
              (13) Texas Point National Wildlife Refuge.
              (14) Trinity River National Wildlife Refuge.
              (rr) Utah. (1) Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge.
              (2) Fish Springs National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Ouray National Wildlife Refuge.
              (ss) Vermont. (1) Missisquoi National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge.
              (tt) Virginia. (1) Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge.

              (3) Eastern Shore of Virginia National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) Elizabeth Hartwell Mason Neck National Wildlife Refuge.
              (5) Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge.
              (6) James River National Wildilfe Refuge.
              (7) Mackay Island National Wildlife Refuge.
              (8) Occoquan Bay National Wildlife Refuge.
              (9) Plum Tree Island National Wildlife Refuge.
              (10) Presquile National Wildlife Refuge.
              (11) Rappahannock River Valley National Wildlife Refuge.
              (12) Wallops Island National Wildlife Refuge.
              (uu) Washington. (1) Billy Frank Jr. Nisqually National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Columbia National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Conboy Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) Dungeness National Wildlife Refuge.
              (5) Hanford Reach National Monument/Saddle Mountain National Wildlife Refuge.
              (6) Julia Butler Hansen Refuge for the Columbian White-tailed Deer.
              (7) Little Pend Oreille National Wildlife Refuge.
              (8) McNary National Wildlife Refuge.
              (9) Ridgefield National Wildlife Refuge.
              (10) San Juan Islands National Wildlife Refuge.
              (11) Toppenish National Wildlife Refuge.
              (12) Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge.
              (13) Umatilla National Wildlife Refuge.
              (14) Willapa National Wildlife Refuge.
              (vv) West Virginia. (1) Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Ohio River Islands National Wildlife Refuge.
              (ww) Wisconsin. (1) Fox River National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Green Bay National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Hackmatack National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) Horicon National Wildlife Refuge.
              (5) Leopold Wetland Management District.
              (6) Necedah National Wildlife Refuge.
              (7) St. Croix Wetland Management District.
              (8) Trempealeau National Wildlife Refuge.
              (9) Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge.
              (10) Whittlesey Creek National Wildlife Refuge.
              (xx) Wyoming.(1) Bamforth National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) Cokeville Meadows National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Hutton Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) National Elk Refuge.
              (5) Pathfinder National Wildlife Refuge.
              (6) Seedskadee National Wildlife Refuge.
              (yy) Guam. (1) Guam National Wildlife Refuge.
              (2) [Reserved]
              [84 FR 47671, Sept. 10, 2019, as amended at 85 FR 54103, Aug. 31, 2020]

              § 32.8
              Areas closed to hunting.

                  Proclamations and orders
                  No.
                  Date
                  State
                  Land and waters within boundary and adjacent to, or in the vicinity of—
                  Citation

                  Nov. 20, 1959
                  Alabama
                  Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge
                  24 FR 9513.

                  Oct. 15, 1960
                  .......do
                  .......do
                  25 FR 9899.

                  Nov. 3, 1970
                  .......do
                  Eufaula National Wildlife Refuge
                  35 FR 16935.

                  2325
                  Mar. 21, 1939
                  Arkansas
                  Big Lake National Wildlife Refuge
                  3 CFR Cum. Supp. 4 FR 1309.

                  Oct. 24, 1958
                  .......do
                  Holla Bend National Wildlife Refuge
                  23 FR 8429.

                  2274
                  Mar. 15, 1938
                  .......do
                  White River National Wildlife Refuge
                  3 FR 591.

                  July 13, 1963
                  Delaware
                  Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge
                  28 FR 6228.

                  Oct. 22, 1953
                  Florida
                  St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge
                  18 FR 7837.

                  Oct. 20, 1960
                  .......do
                  .......do
                  25 FR 10030.

                  2758
                  Dec. 2, 1947
                  .......do
                  “Ding” Darling National Wildlife Refuge
                  3 CFR 1947 Supp.; 12 FR 8039.

                  2239
                  Apr. 10, 1939
                  Georgia
                  Savannah National Wildlife Refuge
                  3 CFR Cum. Supp.; 4 FR 1595.

                  Nov. 3, 1970
                  .......do
                  Eufaula Wildlife Refuge
                  35 FR 16935.

                  Nov. 3, 1970
                  .......do
                  Wassaw National Wildlife Refuge
                  35 FR 16936.

                  2748
                  Oct. 1, 1947
                  Illinois
                  Honshoe Lake, Alexander County
                  3 CFR, 1947 Supp. 12 FR 6521.

                  Sept. 9, 1953
                  .......do
                  .......do
                  18 FR 5495.

                  2322
                  Feb. 7, 1939
                  Louisiana
                  Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge
                  3 CFR, Cum. Suppl. 4 FR 611.

                  Nov. 19, 1982
                  .......do
                  Delta National Wildlife Refuge
                  47 FR 52183.

                  Dec. 2, 1969
                  .......do
                  Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge
                  34 FR 19077.

                  Aug. 13, 1960
                  Maryland
                  Martin National Wildlife Refuge
                  25 FR 7741.

                  2617
                  Oct. 18, 1948
                  Massachusetts
                  Parker River National Wildlife Refuge
                  3 CFR, 1948 Supp. 13 FR 6115.

                  2200
                  Oct. 7, 1936
                  Montana
                  Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge
                  1 FR 1554.

                  Aug. 30, 1976
                  .......do
                  Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge
                  41 FR 31539.

                  2284
                  May 9, 1939
                  North Carolina
                  Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge
                  3 FR 912.

                  2129
                  July 18, 1935
                  .......do
                  Swanquarter National Wildlife Refuge
                  49 Stat. 3450.

                  Aug. 21, 1963
                  .......do
                  Mackay Island National Wildlife Refuge
                  28 FR 9209.

                  Sept. 22, 1967
                  .......do
                  Pee Dee National Wildlife Refuge
                  32 FR 13384. 33 FR 749, Jan. 20, 1968.

                  Sept. 27, 1964
                  .......do
                  .......do
                  49 FR 38141.

                  2000
                  June 6, 1932
                  South Carolina
                  Cape Romanain National Wildlife Refuge
                  47 Stat. 2513.

                  2329
                  Apr. 10, 1939
                  .......do
                  Savannah National Wildlife Refuge
                  3 CFR, Cum. Supp.; 4 FR 1595.

                  Sept. 13, 1968
                  .......do
                  Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge
                  33 FR 12964.

                  Oct. 8, 1963
                  Tennessee
                  Cross Creeks National Wildlife Refuge
                  28 FR 10782.

                  Aug. 23, 1956
                  Texas
                  Aransas National Wildlife Regudge
                  21 FR 6513.

                  2370
                  Oct. 16, 1939
                  Virginia
                  Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge
                  3 CFR, Cum. Supp. 4 FR 4285.

                  Aug. 13, 1954
                  .......do
                  Presquile National Wildlife Refuge
                  19 FR 5290.

                  Jan. 5, 1962
                  .......do
                  Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge
                  27 FR 104; 27 FR 858.

                  Aug. 21, 1963
                  .......do
                  Mackay Island National Wildlife Refuge
                  28 FR 9209.

                  Oct. 9, 1969
                  .......do
                  Mason Neck National Wildlife Refuge
                  34 FR 15653.

                  2439
                  Nov. 7, 1940
                  Washington
                  Willapa National Wildlife Refuge
                  3 CFR, Cum. Supp.; 5 FR 4443.

              [58 FR 5064, Jan. 19, 1993, as amended at 58 FR 42880, Aug. 12, 1993; 74 FR 45678, Sept. 3, 2009]

              § 32.9
              Information collection requirements.

              The information collection requirements contained in this part have been approved by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) under 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. and assigned clearance number 1018-0140. The information is being collected to provide the refuge managers the information needed to decide whether or not to allow the requested use. A response is required in order to obtain a benefit. The Service may not conduct or sponsor, and you are not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. Direct comments regarding the burden estimate or any other aspect of these information collection requirements to the Service's Information Collection Clearance Officer at the address provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b).
              [84 FR 47675, Sept. 10, 2019]

            Subpart B—Refuge-Specific Regulations for Hunting and Fishing

              Source:
              84 FR 47675, Sept. 10, 2019, unless otherwise noted.

              § 32.20
              Alabama.
              The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
              (a) Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We allow fishing only from legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (b) Cahaba River National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of quail, squirrel, rabbit, opossum, raccoon, coyote, and bobcat on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require hunters to hunt as governed by Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources' William R. Ireland, Sr.—Cahaba River Wildlife Management Area hunting permit conditions.
              (ii) We require hunters to possess and carry a current and signed Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources' William R. Ireland, Sr.—Cahaba River Wildlife Management Area hunting permit when hunting on the refuge.
              (iii) Hunters may hunt with shotguns using only #4 shot or smaller, rifles and handguns using rim-fire ammunition only, or archery equipment that complies with State and Federal regulations.
              (iv) We allow the use of dogs when hunting upland game.
              (v) Hunters may only hunt during designated days and times.
              (vi) Hunters must remove tree stands, blinds, or other personal property from the refuge at the end of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow the hunting of white-tailed deer, feral hog, and wild turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(2)(i), (ii), (v), and (vi) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit the use of firearms for hunting deer on the refuge. However, you may archery hunt in the portions of the refuge that are open for deer hunting during the archery, shotgun, and muzzleloader seasons established by the State.
              (iii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a “deer drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer. We also prohibit drives for feral hogs.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge.
              (c) Choctaw National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, rabbit, coyote, beaver, and nutria on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit leaving unattended personal property, including, but not limited to, boats or vehicles of any type, geocaches, lumber, and cameras, overnight on the refuge (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (ii) You may only take incidental species (coyote, beaver, nutria, and feral hog) during any other refuge hunt with those weapons legal during those hunts as governed by the State of Alabama.
              (iii) You must possess and carry a signed refuge hunt permit (signed brochure) when hunting.
              (iv) All persons age 15 or younger, while hunting on the refuge, must be in the presence and under direct supervision of a licensed or exempt hunter age 21 or older. A licensed hunter supervising a youth must hold a valid State license for the species being hunted. One adult may supervise no more than two youth hunters.
              (v) We require all hunters to record hours hunted and all harvested game on the Visitor Check-In Permit and Report (FWS Form 3-2405) at the conclusion of each day at one of the refuge check stations.
              (vi) We allow the use of dogs when hunting squirrel and rabbit.
              (vii) Hunters may only hunt during designated days and times.
              (viii) For hunting, you may use only approved nontoxic shot (see § 32.2(k)), .22 caliber rimfire or smaller rifles, or legal archery equipment as governed by State regulations.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow archery hunting of white-tailed deer and incidental take of feral hog subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(2)(ii), (iii), (iv), and (viii) of this section apply.

              (ii) Deer hunters may place one portable stand or blind on the refuge for use while deer hunting, but only during the open deer season. The stand must be clearly labeled with the hunter's State hunting license number. You may leave the stand or blind on the refuge overnight during the deer season in a non-hunting position at ground level.

              (iii) While climbing a tree, installing a tree stand that uses climbing aids, or hunting from a tree stand on the refuge, hunters must use a fall-arrest system (full body harness) that is manufactured to the Tree Stand Manufacturers Association's standards.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing in designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow fishing year-round, except in the waterfowl sanctuary area as depicted within the refuge brochure. The waterfowl sanctuary is closed to fishing from November 15 through March 1.
              (ii) The condition set forth at paragraph (c)(2)(iii) of this section applies.
              (iii) We allow a rod and reel and pole and line. We prohibit all other methods of fishing, including bow fishing.
              (iv) We prohibit the taking of frogs, turtles, and crawfish (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (v) We prohibit fishing tournaments on all refuge waters.
              (d) Eufaula National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of mourning dove and Eurasian-collared dove, duck, and goose on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You must possess and carry a signed refuge hunt permit (signed brochure) when hunting.
              (ii) All youth hunters (ages 10 through 15) must remain within sight and normal voice contact of a properly licensed hunting adult age 21 or older. Youth hunters must possess and carry verification of passing a State-approved hunter education course. One adult may supervise no more than two youth hunters.
              (iii) All waterfowl hunting opportunities are spaced-blind and assigned by lottery. Hunters wishing to participate in our waterfowl hunt must submit a Waterfowl Lottery Application (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System).
              (iv) Hunters must remove all stands/blinds and other personal property at the end of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (v) We allow access to the refuge for hunting from 11/2 hours before legal sunrise to 11/2 hours after legal sunset.
              (vi) We prohibit organized drives. We define a “drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause game to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the game.
              (vii) We prohibit hunting or observing from an elevated stand without use of a full body harness.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel and rabbit on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (d)(1)(i) and (ii) and (v) through (vii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow only shotguns as the means of take for upland game hunting.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (d)(1)(i) and (v) through (vii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow youth gun hunting opportunities that are spaced-blind and assigned by lottery. Hunters wishing to participate in our youth gun hunt must submit a Big/Upland Game Hunt Application (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System).
              (iii) All youth hunters must remain within sight and normal voice contact of a properly hunting-licensed adult age 21 or older. Youth hunters must possess and carry verification of passing a State-approved hunter education course. One adult may supervise no more than one youth hunter.
              (iv) All big game hunting opportunities, except for youth gun, are archery-only.
              (v) We close those portions of the refuge between Bustahatchee and Rood Creeks to archery hunting until November 1.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing, including bowfishing, in designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) We allow shoreline access for fishing from 1 hour before legal sunrise to 1 hour after legal sunset.

              (ii) We prohibit taking frog or turtle on all refuge lands and waters (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (iii) We adopt reciprocal license agreements between Alabama and Georgia for fishing in Lake Eufaula. Anglers fishing in waters not directly connected to Lake Eufaula must be properly licensed for the State in which they are fishing.
              (e) Grand Bay National Wildlife Refuge. Refer to § 32.43(d) for regulations.
              (f) Key Cave National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of mourning and white-winged dove, crow, woodcock, and snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require hunters to possess and carry a current and signed Key Cave National Wildlife Refuge permit, which is included with the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources' Seven Mile Island Wildlife Management Area hunting permit, when hunting on the refuge.
              (ii) We allow hunting on Monday, Tuesday, Friday, and Saturday.
              (iii) We allow the use of dogs when hunting migratory game birds and upland game.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of quail, Eurasian-collared dove, squirrel, rabbit, raccoon, opossum, starling, coyote, bobcat, and fox on designated portions of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (f)(1)(i) and (iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow hunting on designated areas from legal sunrise to legal sunset on Monday, Tuesday, Friday, and Saturday, except that you may hunt opossum and raccoon after legal sunset.
              (iii) Hunters may hunt with shotguns using only #4 shot or smaller, rifles and handguns using rim-fire ammunition only, or archery equipment that complies with State regulations.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and feral hog on designated portions of the refuge as governed by State regulations subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (f)(1)(i) and (iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow hunting on designated areas from legal sunrise to legal sunset on Monday, Tuesday, Friday, and Saturday.
              (iii) We prohibit the use of firearms for hunting deer on the refuge.
              (iv) We allow hunters to hunt from portable tree stands. While climbing a tree, installing a tree stand that uses climbing aids, or hunting from a tree stand on the refuge, hunters must use a fall-arrest system (full body harness) that is manufactured to the Tree Stand Manufacturers Association's standards.
              (v) We prohibit organized drives. We define a “drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause game to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the game.
              (vi) Hunters may hunt big game species other than deer with shotguns using only approved nontoxic #4 shot or smaller (see § 32.2(k)), rifles and handguns using rim-fire ammunition only, or archery equipment that complies with State regulations.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (g) Mountain Longleaf National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require hunters to hunt as governed by Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources' Choccolocco Wildlife Management Area hunting permit conditions.
              (ii) We require hunters to possess and carry a current and signed Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources' Choccolocco Wildlife Management Area hunting permit when hunting on the refuge.
              (iii) Hunters may only hunt during designated days and times.
              (iv) Hunters must remove tree stands, blinds, or other personal property from the refuge at the end of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of quail, squirrel, rabbit, groundhog, raccoon, opossum, beaver, and fox on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (g)(1)(i) through (iv) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit hunting after legal sunset.
              (iii) Hunters must use a body safety harness at all times while hunting from a tree.
              (iv) We allow the use of dogs when hunting quail, squirrel, and rabbit only.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, bobcat, coyote, feral hog, and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The conditions set forth at paragraphs (g)(1)(i) through (iv) and (g)(2)(iii) of this section apply.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (h) Sauta Cave National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of quail, squirrel, rabbit, raccoon, and opossum on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require hunters to hunt as governed by Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources' North Sauty refuge hunting permit.
              (ii) We require hunters to possess and carry a current and signed Sauta Cave National Wildlife Refuge permit, which is found on the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources' Jackson County Waterfowl, Management Areas, refuges and Coon Gulf Tract hunting permit, when hunting.
              (iii) Hunters may only hunt during designated days and times.
              (iv) Hunters may hunt with shotguns using only #4 shot or smaller, rifles and handguns using rim-fire ammunition only, or archery equipment that complies with State regulations.
              (v) We allow the use of dogs when hunting upland game.
              (3)-(4) [Reserved]
              (i) Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of quail, squirrel, rabbit, raccoon, and opossum on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require hunters to possess and carry a current and signed hunting permit, found on the Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge hunting brochure, when hunting on the refuge.
              (ii) Hunters may hunt with shotguns using only #4 shot or smaller, rifles and handguns using rim-fire ammunition only, or archery equipment that complies with State regulations.
              (iii) We allow hunting on designated areas Monday through Saturday. We prohibit hunting on Sunday.
              (iv) We allow the use of dogs when hunting upland game.
              (v) Hunters must use a body safety harness at all times while hunting from a tree.
              (vi) Hunters must remove tree stands, blinds, or other personal property from the refuge at the end of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (vii) Hunters may only hunt during designated days and times.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow the hunting of white-tailed deer and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (i)(2)(i) and (iii) and (v) through (vii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit organized drives. We define a “drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause game to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the game.
              (iii) Hunters may only hunt with archery equipment that complies with State regulations and flintlocks .40 caliber or larger.
              (iv) You may only hunt feral hog during the refuge archery and flintlock deer season.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We open all refuge waters to fishing year-round unless otherwise posted.

              § 32.21
              Alaska.

              Alaska refuges are opened to hunting, fishing, and trapping pursuant to the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (Pub. L. 96-487, 16 U.S.C. 3101 et seq.). The regulations set forth at 50 CFR part 36 concern National Wildlife Refuges in Alaska. Information regarding specific refuge rules can be obtained from the Regional Office of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, AK (see 50 CFR 2.2), or by contacting the manager of the respective individual refuge.

              § 32.22
              Arizona.
              The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
              (a) Bill Williams River National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of mourning and white-winged dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow shotguns, muzzleloaders, pistols, pneumatic guns, and archery equipment for hunting.
              (ii) We prohibit hunting within 50 yards (45 meters) of any building, road, or levee open to public use.
              (iii) You must remove boats, equipment, cameras, temporary blinds, stands, etc., at the end of each day's activities (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of Gambel's quail and cottontail rabbit on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow hunting of cottontail rabbit from September 1 to the close of the State season.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of desert bighorn sheep on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow the possession of rifles for desert bighorn sheep hunting.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The condition set forth at paragraph (a)(1)(iii) of this section applies.
              (b) Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting.We allow hunting of goose, duck, coot, merganser, moorhen (gallinule), common snipe, and mourning, white-winged, and Eurasian collared-dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow portable or temporary blinds and stands, but you must remove them at the end of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (ii) We prohibit falconry.
              (iii) We allow dogs only for the retrieval of birds.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of black-tailed and antelope jackrabbit; cottontail rabbit; badger; bobcat; coati; kit and gray fox; raccoon; ringtail; coyote; and hog-nosed, hooded, spotted, and striped skunk on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit night hunting from 1/2 hour after legal sunset until 1/2 hour before legal sunrise the following day.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of mule and white-tailed deer, javelina, mountain lion, and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(i) and (b)(2)(ii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit the use of dogs when hunting big game.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (c) Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of mourning dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require hunters to obtain a Barry M. Goldwater Range Entry Permit (Department of Defense form/requirement) from the refuge.
              (ii) We prohibit falconry.
              (iii) We allow dogs only for the pointing and retrieval of birds.
              (iv) We allow hunting only during the late season dove hunt.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of Gambel's quail, Eurasian collared-dove, desert cottontail rabbit, antelope and black-tailed jackrabbit, coyote, bobcat, and fox in designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section apply.

              (ii) We do not allow wheeled carts in designated Wilderness.
              (iii) We prohibit night hunting from 1/2 hour after legal sunset until 1/2 hour before legal sunrise the following day.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of desert bighorn sheep, mule deer, and mountain lion on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i) and (c)(2)(ii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We require Special Use Permits for all hunters (FWS Form 3-1383-G), guides (FWS Form 3-1383-C), and stock animals (FWS Form 3-1383-G).
              (iii) We prohibit the use of dogs when hunting big game.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (d) Cibola National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, coot, moorhen (gallinule), common snipe, mourning and white-winged dove, and Eurasian collared-dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow only shotgun and archery.
              (ii) Hunters may only hunt during designated days and times.
              (iii) You must remove all temporary blinds, boats, and decoys from the refuge following each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (iv) The Hart Mine Marsh area is open to entry from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. from October 1 through March 14.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of Gambel's quail and cottontail rabbit on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) For cottontail rabbit, we allow only shotgun, archery, handgun, rifle, and muzzleloader.
              (ii) For quail, we allow only shotgun, archery, and handgun shooting shot.
              (iii) You may hunt cottontail rabbit from September 1 through the last day of the respective State's quail season.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of mule deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We allow rifle, shotgun, handgun, muzzleloader, and archery, except for archery-only hunts.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing and frogging subject to the following condition: Cibola Lake is open to fishing and frogging from March 15 through September 30.
              (e) Havasu National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of mourning and white-winged dove, duck, coot, moorhen (gallinule), goose, and common snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow shotguns, muzzleloaders, pistols, pneumatic guns, and archery equipment for hunting.
              (ii) You must remove all boats, equipment, cameras, temporary blinds, stands, etc., at the end of each day's activities (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (iii) We allow the use of dogs when hunting.
              (iv) The following conditions apply to Pintail Slough (all refuge lands north of North Dike):
              (A) We prohibit falconry.
              (B) We limit the number of persons at each waterfowl hunt blind or field to four. Observers cannot hold shells or guns for hunting unless in possession of a valid State hunting license and stamps.
              (C) Waterfowl hunters must possess at least four decoys per designated blind or field.
              (D) You may use dead vegetation or materials for making or fixing hunt blinds.
              (E) We allow waterfowl hunting on Wednesdays, Saturdays, and Sundays. Waterfowl hunting ends at 2 p.m. MST (Mountain Standard Time). Hunters must be out of the Pintail Slough area by 3 p.m. MST.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of Gambel's quail and cottontail rabbit on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (e)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow hunting of Gambel's quail and cottontail rabbit in Pintail Slough prior to and following the State waterfowl season.

              (iii) We allow the incidental take of quail and cottontail rabbit in Pintail Slough during the State waterfowl season by hunters possessing a valid permit at their designated waterfowl hunt blind or field.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of desert bighorn sheep on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (e)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow the possession of rifles for desert bighorn sheep hunting.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (e)(1)(ii) of this section applies.
              (ii) We prohibit overnight boat mooring and shore anchoring unless actively fishing as governed by State regulations (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (f) Imperial National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of mourning and white-winged dove, duck, coot, moorhen (gallinule), goose, and common snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow shotgun, archery, and crossbow.
              (ii) You must remove temporary blinds, boats, and decoys from the refuge following each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of Gambel's quail, cottontail rabbit, coyote, and gray fox on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) For hunting quail, we allow shotgun, handgun shooting shot, archery, and crossbow.
              (ii) For hunting cottontail rabbit, coyote, and fox, we allow shotgun, rifle, handgun, muzzleloader, archery, and crossbow.
              (iii) We allow cottontail rabbit hunting from September 1 to the close of the State quail season.
              (iv) We allow coyote and fox hunting only during the State quail season.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of mule deer and desert bighorn sheep on designated areas of the refuge.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing and frogging for bullfrog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We close posted portions of Martinez Lake and Ferguson Lake to entry from October 1 through the last day of February.
              (g) Kofa National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of Gambel's quail, cottontail rabbit, coyote, and gray fox on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow hunting of coyote, fox, and cottontail rabbit during the State quail season only.
              (ii) For hunting quail, we allow shotgun, archery, crossbow, and handgun shooting shot.
              (iii) For hunting cottontail rabbit, coyote, and fox, we allow shotgun, rifle, muzzleloader, handgun, archery, and crossbow.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of mule deer and desert bighorn sheep on designated areas of the refuge.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (h) Leslie Canyon National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of mourning, white-winged, and Eurasian collared-dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit falconry.
              (ii) We prohibit the use of dogs.
              (iii) We prohibit pneumatic weapons.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of Gambel's and scaled quail; cottontail; black-tailed jackrabbit; gray fox; coati; badger; striped, hooded, spotted, and hog-nosed skunk; bobcat; raccoon; ring-tailed cat; and coyote on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (h)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit night hunting.
              (iii) We will allow hunting of these upland game species only when the State season dates overlap with a general or archery State deer and/or javelina hunt season.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of mule deer, white-tailed deer, javelina, and black bear on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (h)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section apply.

              (ii) We will allow hunting of black bear only when the State season dates overlap with a general or archery State deer and/or javelina hunt season.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (i) San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of mourning and white-winged dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We allow the use of dogs while hunting.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of Gambel's, scaled, and Mearns' quail and cottontail rabbit on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow only shotgun.
              (ii) We allow the use of dogs while quail hunting.
              (iii) Cottontail rabbit season opens on September 1 and closes on the last day of the State quail season.
              (3)-(4) [Reserved]
              [84 FR 47675, Sept. 10, 2019, as amended at 85 FR 54104, Aug. 31, 2020]

              § 32.23
              Arkansas.
              The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
              (a) Bald Knob National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, coot, snipe, woodcock, and dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require refuge hunting permits (signed brochure). The permits are nontransferable, and anyone on refuge land in possession of hunting equipment must possess a signed permit at all times.
              (ii) We prohibit migratory game bird hunting on the refuge during the quota gun deer hunt.
              (iii) With the exception of hunting for woodcock, we prohibit migratory game bird hunting after 12 p.m. (noon) during the regular State waterfowl hunting season.
              (iv) You may not possess more than 25 shotgun shells while in the field. The field possession limit for shells does not apply to goose hunting during the State Conservation Order.
              (v) We prohibit hunting closer than 100 yards (90 meters) to another hunter or hunting party.
              (vi) You must remove decoys, blinds, boats, and all other equipment by 1 p.m. (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (vii) Hunters may enter the refuge beginning at 4 a.m. and must exit by 1 hour after legal shooting time ends.
              (viii) Boats displaying valid registration may be left on the refuge from March 1 through October 31. We prohibit the use of boats from 12 a.m. (midnight) to 4 a.m. during duck season.
              (ix) We allow the use of dogs when migratory game bird hunting.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, rabbit, quail, raccoon, opossum, beaver, muskrat, nutria, armadillo, and coyote on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (vii), and (viii) of this section apply.
              (ii) Hunters may use shotguns and rifles chambered for rimfire cartridges.
              (iii) We allow squirrel hunting September 1 through February 28, except for season closure of the refuge during the quota gun deer hunt.
              (iv) We allow rabbit and quail hunting as governed by the State season, except for season closure of the refuge during the quota gun deer hunt.
              (v) We allow the use of dogs when hunting upland game. We require the use of dogs when hunting raccoon and opossum at night, 30 minutes after legal sunset to 30 minutes before legal sunrise.
              (vi) Hunters may take beaver, muskrat, nutria, armadillo, and coyote during any refuge hunt with those weapons legal during those hunts, subject to applicable State seasons and regulations.
              (vii) We limit hunting after legal sunset to raccoon/opossum hunting.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of deer, feral hog, and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (vii), and (viii) of this section apply.

              (ii) We allow archery/crossbow deer hunting as governed by the State season, except for season closure of the refuge during the quota gun deer hunt.
              (iii) Muzzleloader hunting season for deer will begin in October and continue for a period of up to 9 days in all hunting units with annual season dates and bag limits provided on the hunt brochure/permit.
              (iv) The modern gun hunting season for deer will begin in November and continue for a period of up to 9 days in all hunting units with annual season dates and bag limits provided in the hunt brochure/permit.
              (v) We prohibit spring and fall gun hunting for turkey.
              (vi) You may use only shotguns with rifled slugs, muzzleloaders, and legal pistols for modern gun deer hunting on the Farm Unit.
              (vii) We allow only portable deer stands. You may erect stands 7 days prior to the refuge deer season and must remove them from the waterfowl sanctuaries prior to November 15, except for stands used by quota gun deer hunt permit holders (fee/signature required), which you must remove by the last day of the quota gun deer hunt. You must remove all stands on the remainder of the refuge within 7 days of the closure of archery season (see § 27.93 of this chapter). We prohibit leaving any tree stand, ground blind, or game camera on the refuge without the owner's Arkansas Game and Fish customer identification number clearly written on it in a conspicuous location.
              (viii) We prohibit the possession or use of buckshot for hunting on all refuge lands.
              (ix) We prohibit hunting from mowed and/or graveled road rights-of-way.
              (x) We allow only quota gun deer hunt permit holders on the refuge during the quota gun deer hunt and only for the purposes of deer hunting. We close the refuge to all other entry and public use during the quota gun deer hunt.
              (xi) We close waterfowl sanctuaries to all entry and hunting from November 15 to February 28, except for quota gun deer hunt permit holders who may hunt in the sanctuary when the season overlaps with these dates.
              (xii) Hunters may enter the refuge at 4 a.m. and remain until 1 hour after legal shooting time.
              (xiii) You may take feral hog only during the refuge quota gun and muzzleloader deer hunts and as governed by State Wildlife Management Area (WMA) regulations.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (a)(1)(viii) of this section applies.
              (ii) Anglers may enter the refuge beginning 1/2 hour before legal sunrise and must exit by 1 hour after legal sunset.
              (iii) We prohibit the take or possession of turtles and/or mollusks (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (b) Big Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, rabbit, raccoon, nutria, coyote, beaver, and opossum on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require refuge hunt permits. The permits (found on the front cover of the annual hunt brochure/permit—signature required) are nontransferable, and anyone on refuge land in possession of hunting equipment must sign and carry the permit at all times.
              (ii) Hunters may only hunt during designated days and times.
              (iii) We allow take of nutria, beaver, and coyote during any refuge hunt with the device allowed for that hunt subject to applicable State seasons and regulations.
              (iv) You may take opossum when hunting raccoon.
              (v) We require dogs for hunting of raccoon and opossum after legal sunset.
              (vi) When hunting, you may only use shotguns and rifles chambered for rimfire cartridges.
              (vii) We prohibit hunting from mowed and/or gravel road rights-of-way.
              (viii) We limit nighttime use, 30 minutes after legal sunset to 30 minutes before legal sunrise, to fishing, frogging, and/or raccoon/opossum hunting.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(2)(i), (iii), and (vii) of this section apply.
              (ii) Hunters may only hunt during designated days and times.
              (iii) Hunters may use only bows or crossbows.
              (iv) Hunters may use only biodegradable materials to mark trails.
              (v) We allow only portable deer stands. You may erect stands 7 days prior to the refuge deer season and must remove them 7 days after the closure of archery season (see § 27.93 of this chapter). We prohibit leaving any tree stand, ground blind, or game camera on the refuge without the owner's Arkansas Game and Fish customer identification number clearly written on it in a conspicuous location.
              (vi) Hunters may enter the refuge no earlier than 4 a.m. and must leave 1 hour after legal sunset.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing and frogging on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (b)(2)(viii) of this section applies.
              (ii) Anglers may launch boats only in designated areas.
              (iii) We allow frogging from the beginning of the State frogging season through October 31.
              (iv) We prohibit the take or possession of turtles and/or mollusks (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (c) Cache River National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, coot, snipe, woodcock, and dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require refuge hunting permits. These permits (found on the front cover of the annual hunt brochure/permit—signature required) are nontransferable, and anyone on the refuge in possession of hunting equipment must sign and carry the permit at all times.
              (ii) With the exception of hunting for woodcock, we prohibit migratory game bird hunting after 12 p.m. (noon) during the regular State waterfowl hunting season.
              (iii) You must remove decoys, blinds, boats, and all other equipment by 1 p.m. each day (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (iv) Waterfowl hunters may enter the refuge at 4 a.m. and hunt until 12 p.m. (noon).
              (v) Boats displaying valid registration may be left on the refuge from March 1 through October 31. We prohibit boats on the refuge from 12 a.m. (midnight) to 4 a.m. during duck season.
              (vi) We allow the use of dogs when migratory game bird hunting.
              (vii) We allow waterfowl hunting on flooded refuge roads.
              (viii) We close all other hunts during the quota gun deer hunt.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, rabbit, quail, raccoon, opossum, beaver, muskrat, nutria, armadillo, and coyote on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i), (v), and (viii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow squirrel hunting September 1 through February 28, except for refuge-wide season closure during the quota gun deer hunt.
              (iii) We allow rabbit and quail hunting as governed by the State season, except for season closure of the refuge during the quota gun deer hunt.
              (iv) We allow the use of dogs when hunting upland game. We require the use of dogs when hunting raccoon and opossum at night, 30 minutes after legal sunset to 30 minutes before legal sunrise.
              (v) You may take beaver, muskrat, nutria, armadillo, and coyote during any refuge hunt with those weapons legal during those hunts subject to applicable State seasons and regulations.
              (vi) We prohibit hunting from mowed and/or graveled refuge roads except by waterfowl hunters during flooded conditions.
              (vii) You may use only shotguns and rifles chambered for rimfire cartridges when hunting.
              (viii) We limit nighttime use, 30 minutes after legal sunset to 30 minutes before legal sunrise, to fishing, frogging, and/or raccoon/opossum hunting.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of deer, feral hog, and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i) and (viii) and (c)(2)(v) and (vi) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow archery/crossbow deer hunting as governed by the State season, except for season closure of the refuge during the quota gun deer hunt.
              (iii) Muzzleloader hunting season for deer will begin in October and will continue for a period of up to 9 days, with annual season dates and bag limits provided on the hunt brochure/permit.
              (iv) Modern gun deer hunting will begin in November and continue for a period of up to 11 days, with annual season dates and bag limits provided in the refuge hunt brochure/permit.
              (v) Hunters may take feral hog only during the quota gun and muzzleloader deer hunts and as governed by State Wildlife Management Area (WMA) regulations
              (vi) Hunters may only use shotguns with rifled slugs, muzzleloaders, or legal pistols for modern gun deer hunting on the Dixie Farm Unit Waterfowl Sanctuary, adjacent waterfowl hunt area, and Plunkett Farm Unit Waterfowl Sanctuary.
              (vii) We allow only portable stands. Hunters may erect stands 7 days prior to the refuge deer season and must remove them from the waterfowl sanctuaries prior to November 15, and from the rest of the refuge within 7 days of the closure of archery season (see § 27.93 of this chapter). We prohibit leaving any tree stand, ground blind, or game camera on the refuge without the owner's Arkansas Game and Fish customer identification number clearly written on it in a conspicuous location.
              (viii) We prohibit the possession or use of buckshot for hunting on all refuge lands.
              (ix) We prohibit hunting from mowed and/or graveled road rights-of-way.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing and frogging on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(v) and (c)(2)(viii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We close waterfowl sanctuaries to all entry and fishing/frogging from November 15 to February 28. We prohibit refuge-wide entry and fishing during the quota gun deer hunt.
              (iii) We prohibit the take or possession of turtles and/or mollusks (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (d) Dale Bumpers White River National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of waterfowl (ducks, mergansers, and coots) on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require an annual public use permit (signed brochure) to hunt and fish.
              (ii) We allow waterfowl hunting from legal shooting hours until 12 p.m. (noon).
              (iii) We allow the use of dogs when migratory game bird hunting.
              (iv) You must remove blinds, blind material, and decoys from the refuge by 1 p.m. each day (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (v) Waterfowl hunters may enter the North Unit, Jack's Bay Hunt Area, and Levee Hunt Area no earlier than 4 a.m.
              (vi) We prohibit boating from November 1 through January 31 in the South Unit Waterfowl Hunt Areas, except from 4 a.m. to 1 p.m. on designated waterfowl hunt days.
              (vii) We allow waterfowl hunting on outlying tracts; paragraph (d)(1)(v) of this section applies.
              (viii) We only allow all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) for wildlife-dependent hunting and fishing activities. We prohibit the use of ATVs after December 15 each year in designated South Unit areas as shown in refuge user brochure.
              (ix) We prohibit the use of decoys that contain moving parts or electrical components, except that you may use manually operated jerk strings to simulate decoy movement.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, rabbit, and all furbearers (as governed by State law) on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (d)(1)(i) of this section applies.
              (ii) We allow hunting of rabbit and squirrel on the North Unit from September 1 through January 31.

              (iii) We allow the use of dogs when hunting rabbit and squirrel from December 1 through January 31 on the North Unit only.

              (iv) We allow rabbit and squirrel hunting on the South Unit from September 1 through November 30.
              (v) We allow furbearer (as governed by State law) hunting. The annual public use permit (signed brochure) provides season dates and methods.
              (vi) We allow the use of dogs for hunting furbearers from legal sunset to legal sunrise. Hunters must tether or pen all dogs used for furbearer hunting from legal sunrise to legal sunset and any time they are not involved in actual hunting.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow the hunting of white-tailed deer, feral hog, and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (d)(1)(i) of this section applies.
              (ii) Archery deer seasons on the North Unit are from October 1 through January 31 except during quota muzzleloader and quota gun deer hunts, when the archery season is closed.
              (iii) Archery deer seasons on the South Unit are from October 1 through December 31 except during quota muzzleloader and quota gun deer hunts, when the archery season is closed.
              (iv) Muzzleloader season for deer will begin in October and will continue for a period of up to 3 days of quota hunting in the North and South Units, and no more than 4 days of non-quota hunting in the North Unit.
              (v) The gun deer hunt will begin in November and will continue for a period of no more than 3 days of quota hunting in the North and South Units, and no more than 2 days of non-quota hunting in the North Unit.
              (vi) We restrict hunt participants for quota hunts to those drawn for a quota permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System). The permits are nontransferable and nonrefundable.
              (vii) We close the refuge to all non-quota hunting during refuge-wide quota muzzleloader and quota gun deer hunts.
              (viii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a “deer drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.
              (ix) We prohibit firearm deer hunting from or across roads, ATV trails, levees, and maintained utility rights-of-way.
              (x) You may only use portable deer stands. You may erect stands up to 7 days before each hunt, but you must remove them within 7 days after each hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter). All unattended deer stands on the refuge must have the owner's hunting license number clearly displayed.
              (xi) We close the Kansas Lake Area to all entry on December 1 and reopen it on March 1.
              (xii) We prohibit the possession of buckshot on the refuge.
              (xiii) We prohibit the possession and/or use of toxic shot by hunters using shotguns (see § 32.2(k)) when hunting deer or turkey.
              (xiv) Hunters who are hunting deer during a firearm season may kill feral hogs with weapons legal for those seasons. Feral hogs may be taken incidentally with archery equipment from November 1 through December 31.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing, frogging, and crawfishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (d)(1)(i) of this section applies.
              (ii) We allow fishing year-round in LaGrue, Essex, Prairie, Scrubgrass and Brooks Bayous, Big Island Chute, Moon, and Belknap Lakes next to Arkansas Highway 1, Indian Bay, the Arkansas Post Canal and adjacent drainage ditches; borrow ditches located adjacent to the west bank of that portion of the White River Levee north of the Graham Burke pumping station; and all waters in the refuge-owned North Unit and scattered tracts. We open all other South Unit refuge waters to sport fishing from March 1 through November 30 unless posted otherwise.
              (iii) We allow frogging on all refuge-owned waters open for sport fishing as follows: We allow frogging on the South Unit from the beginning of the State season through November 30; we allow frogging on the North Unit for the entire State season.

              (iv) We prohibit all commercial and recreational harvest of turtle on all property administered by Dale Bumpers White River National Wildlife Refuge.
              (v) We prohibit take or possession of any freshwater mussel, and we do not open to mussel shelling.
              (e) Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, and coot on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow hunting of duck, goose, and coot during the State waterfowl season except during scheduled refuge quota gun deer hunts.
              (ii) Hunting of duck, goose, and coot ends at 12 p.m. (noon) each day.
              (iii) We allow only portable blinds. You must remove all duck hunting equipment (portable blinds, boats, guns, and decoys) from the hunt area by 1:30 p.m. each day (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (iv) We close areas of the refuge posted with “Area Closed” signs and identify them on the refuge hunt brochure map as a waterfowl sanctuary. We close waterfowl sanctuaries to all public entry and public use during the waterfowl hunting season.
              (v) Hunters must possess and carry a signed refuge public use regulations brochure/access permit (signed brochure) while hunting.
              (vi) All youth hunters age 15 and younger must remain within sight and normal voice contact of an adult age 21 or older, who possesses a valid state hunting license. One adult may supervise no more than two youth hunters.
              (vii) We allow only all-terrain vehicles/utility-type vehicles (ATVs/UTVs) for hunting and fishing activities.
              (viii) You may use horses and mules on roads and ATV/UTV trails (when open to motor vehicle and ATV/UTV traffic, respectively) as a mode of transportation for hunting and fishing activities on the refuge except during the quota deer hunts.
              (ix) We prohibit hunting within 150 feet (45 meters) of roads and trails open to motor vehicle use (including ATV/UTV trails).
              (x) You may take beaver, nutria, and coyote during any daytime refuge hunt with weapons and ammunition allowed for that hunt. There is no bag limit.
              (xi) We allow the use of dogs when hunting.
              (xii) We prohibit leaving any boat on the refuge. You must remove boat(s) at the end of each day's hunt.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of quail, squirrel, rabbit, and furbearers (as governed by State law) on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (e)(1)(iv) through (ix) and (xi) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow hunting for quail, squirrel, rabbit, and furbearers (as governed by State law) on the refuge during State seasons through January 31. We close upland game hunting during refuge quota gun deer hunts.
              (iii) We do not open for spring squirrel hunting season, or summer/early fall raccoon hunting season.
              (iv) We allow the use of dogs for squirrel and rabbit hunting from December 1 through January 31 and for quail and raccoon/opossum hunting during the open season on the refuge for these species.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, feral hog, and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (e)(1)(v) through (ix) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow archery deer hunting on the refuge from the opening of the State season through January 31.
              (iii) We close archery deer hunting during the quota gun deer hunts.
              (iv) We allow muzzleloader deer hunting during the October State muzzleloader season for this deer management zone. The refuge will conduct one 4-day quota modern gun hunt for deer, typically in November. The refuge also may conduct one mobility-impaired hunt for deer typically in early November.
              (v) Total deer harvested refuge-wide is two deer (two does, or one buck and one doe, as governed by State law) regardless of method.

              (vi) During the deer and turkey hunts, hunters may possess lead ammunition legal for taking deer and turkey. We prohibit buckshot for gun deer hunting.

              (vii) You may only use portable deer stands erected no earlier than the opening day of archery season, and you must remove them no later than January 31 each year (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (viii) We prohibit the use of deer decoy(s).
              (ix) We open spring archery turkey hunting during the State spring turkey season. We do not open for fall archery turkey season.
              (x) We close spring archery turkey hunting during scheduled turkey quota gun hunts.
              (xi) We restrict quota hunt participants to those selected for a quota permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System), except that one nonhunting adult age 21 or older possessing a valid hunting license must accompany the youth hunter age 15 and younger.
              (xii) An adult age 21 or older possessing a valid hunting license must accompany and be within sight and normal voice contact of hunters age 15 and younger. One adult may supervise no more than one youth hunter.
              (xiii) We authorize the use of tree stands, ground blinds, and game cameras on the refuge if the owner's State hunting license number is clearly written on them in a conspicuous location. You must remove game cameras from the refuge at the end of each day's hunt.
              (xiv) We restrict hunt participants for quota hunts to those drawn for a quota permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System). These permits are nontransferable, and the permit fees are nonrefundable.
              (xv) The incidental taking of feral hogs will be governed by Arkansas Game and Fish Commission regulations concerning the taking of feral hogs on State Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs). Subject to State regulations, we allow incidental take of feral hogs on State WMAs during daytime refuge hunts (without the use of dogs) with legal hunting equipment and ammunition allowed for that hunt. There is no bag limit. We prohibit transport or possession of live hogs.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing, frogging, and crawfishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (e)(1)(v), (vi), and (xii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit fishing in the waterfowl sanctuary area when the sanctuary is closed, with the exception of the main channel of the Ouachita and Saline Rivers and the borrow pits along Highway 82. We post the waterfowl sanctuary area with “Area Closed” signs and identify those areas in refuge hunt brochures.
              (iii) We allow fishing only in areas accessible from the Ouachita and Saline Rivers and from Eagle, Jones, and Pereogeethe Lakes during the refuge quota gun deer hunts.
              (iv) You must reset trotlines when receding water levels expose them.
              (f) Holla Bend National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, rabbit, raccoon, opossum, beaver, armadillo, coyote, and bobcat on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require refuge hunting permits (found on the front cover of the annual hunt brochure/permit—signature required). The permits are nontransferable, and anyone on refuge land in possession of hunting equipment must sign and carry a permit at all times. Your hunt permit will also act as your entrance pass to the refuge.
              (ii) During the refuge archery season, you may take only squirrel, rabbit, raccoon, opossum, beaver, armadillo, coyote, or bobcat.
              (iii) We allow the use of dogs when gun hunting raccoon and opossum every Friday, Saturday, and Sunday until legal sunrise during the month of February.
              (iv) We only allow all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) for hunters and anglers with disabilities. We require a refuge ATV permit (Special Use Permit; FWS Form 3-1383-G) issued by the refuge manager.

              (v) We allow the use of nonmotorized boats during the refuge fishing/boating season (March 1 through October 31), but hunters must remove boats at the end of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).

              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of deer and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (f)(2)(i), (iv), and (v) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow archery/crossbow hunting for white-tailed deer and turkey.
              (iii) The refuge will conduct one youth-only (between ages 6 and 15 at the beginning of the gun deer season in Zone 7) quota gun deer hunt. We restrict hunt participants to those selected for a quota permit (electronic form), except that one nonhunting adult must accompany the youth hunter during the youth hunt.
              (iv) We open spring archery turkey hunting during the State turkey season.
              (v) We close the refuge to all entry and public use during scheduled youth quota gun hunts, except for those allowed to participate in the youth quota gun hunt.
              (vi) The refuge will conduct two youth-only (age 6 to 15 at the beginning of the spring turkey season) quota spring gun turkey hunts, each 2 days in length. We restrict hunt participants to those selected for a quota permit, except that one nonhunting adult age 21 or older must accompany the youth hunter during the youth hunt.
              (vii) We allow only portable deer stands. You may erect stands 7 days before the start of the season and must remove the stands from the refuge within 7 days after the season ends (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (viii) You must permanently affix the owner's Arkansas Game and Fish customer identification number to all tree stands, ground blinds, and game cameras on the refuge.
              (ix) We prohibit organized drives. We define a “drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause game to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the game.
              (x) You must check all game at the refuge check station.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing and frogging on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (f)(2)(iv) and (f)(3)(v) of this section apply.
              (ii) We open the waters of the refuge to fishing only from March 1 through October 31 from legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (iii) Anglers must remove boats from the refuge at the end of each day's fishing activity (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (iv) We prohibit the take and possession of turtles and/or mollusks (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (g) Overflow National Wildlife Refuge—(1) (1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of American woodcock, duck, goose, and coot on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You must possess and carry a refuge public use regulations brochure/access permit (signed brochure) while hunting.
              (ii) Hunting of duck, goose, and coot ends at 12 p.m. (noon) each day.
              (iii) We allow only portable blinds. Hunters must remove portable blinds, boats, and decoys from the hunt area by 1:30 p.m. each day (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (iv) We allow only all-terrain vehicles (ATVs)/utility-type vehicles (UTVs) for hunting activities.
              (v) You may use horses on roads and ATV/UTV trails (when open to motor vehicle and ATV/UTV traffic, respectively) as a mode of transportation for hunting activities on the refuge.
              (vi) We prohibit hunting within 150 feet (45 meters) of roads and trails open to motor vehicle use (including ATV/UTV trails).
              (vii) You may take beaver, nutria, and coyote during any daytime refuge hunt with weapons and ammunition legal for that hunt. There is no bag limit. We prohibit transportation or possession of live hog.
              (viii) We allow boats on the refuge between the hours of 4 a.m. and 1:30 p.m. during waterfowl season.
              (ix) Hunters may not enter the refuge until 4 a.m., with the exception of designated parking areas.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of quail, squirrel, rabbit, and furbearers (as governed by State law) on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (g)(1)(iv) through (vii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow hunting during State seasons for quail, squirrel, rabbit, and furbearers (as governed by State law) through January 31. State regulations governing appropriate zones apply.
              (iii) We do not open for the spring squirrel hunting season or the summer/fall raccoon hunting season.
              (iv) When upland game hunting, we prohibit possession of lead ammunition except that you may possess rimfire rifle lead ammunition no larger than .22 caliber.
              (v) We allow the use of dogs for squirrel and rabbit hunting from December 1 through January 31, and for quail and raccoon/opossum hunting during the open season on the refuge for these species.
              (vi) We allow nighttime raccoon and opossum hunting.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, feral hog, and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (g)(1)(iv) through (vii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow muzzleloader deer hunting during the first State muzzleloader season for this zone. State regulations governing appropriate zones apply.
              (iii) We prohibit buckshot for gun deer hunting.
              (iv) The bag limit for the muzzleloader deer hunt is two deer, with no more than one buck.
              (v) You may only use portable deer stands erected no earlier than the opening day of archery season, and you must remove them no later than January 31 each year (see § 27.93 of this chapter). The limit is one deer stand, blind, etc., per person.
              (vi) We prohibit the use of deer decoy(s).
              (vii) We restrict quota hunt participants on these hunts to those selected for a quota permit (electronic form), except that one nonhunting adult age 21 or older and possessing a valid hunting license must accompany a youth hunter age 15 or younger.
              (viii) The incidental taking of feral hogs will be governed by Arkansas Game and Fish Commission regulations concerning the taking of feral hogs on State Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs). Subject to State regulations, we allow incidental take of feral hogs on State WMAs during daytime refuge hunts (without the use of dogs) with legal hunting equipment and ammunition allowed for that hunt. There is no bag limit. We prohibit transport or possession of live hogs.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (h) Pond Creek National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, coot, and goose on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We close migratory game bird hunting during scheduled quota refuge gun deer hunts.
              (ii) Hunting ends at 12 p.m. (noon) each day.
              (iii) We allow only portable blinds. You must remove portable blinds, boats, and decoys from the hunt area by 1:30 p.m. each day (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (iv) You must possess and carry a refuge public use regulations brochure/access permit (signed brochure) while hunting.
              (v) We allow only all-terrain vehicles (ATVs)/utility-type vehicles (UTVs) for hunting and fishing activities.
              (vi) You may use horses and mules only on roads and ATV/UTV trails (when open to motor vehicle and ATV/UTV traffic, respectively) as a mode of transportation for on-refuge hunting and fishing activities, except during refuge muzzleloader and quota deer hunts.
              (vii) We prohibit hunting within 150 feet (45 meters) of roads and trails open to motor vehicle use (including ATV/UTV trails).
              (viii) You may take beaver, nutria, and coyote during any daytime refuge hunt with weapons and ammunition allowed for that hunt. We prohibit the use of dogs to take these species. There is no bag limit.
              (ix) We allow the use of dogs when waterfowl hunting.

              (x) We authorize the use of tree stands, game cameras, and boats while hunting and fishing on the refuge. The owner's Arkansas Game and Fish customer identification number must be affixed to, or clearly written on, them in a conspicuous manner.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, rabbit, and furbearers (as governed by State law) on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow hunting on the refuge during State seasons for this zone for squirrel, rabbit, and furbearers through January 31. We list specific hunting season dates annually in the refuge hunt brochure. We close upland game hunting during refuge quota deer hunts.
              (ii) We do not open to spring squirrel hunting season, or summer/early fall raccoon hunting season.
              (iii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (h)(1)(iv) through (viii) of this section apply.
              (iv) We allow the use of dogs when squirrel, rabbit, raccoon, and opossum hunting from the opening of hunting season through January 31.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, feral hog, and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow archery deer hunting on the refuge from the opening of the State season through January 31. State regulations governing appropriate zones apply.
              (ii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (h)(1)(iv) through (viii) of this section apply.
              (iii) We close archery deer hunting during the quota gun deer hunts.
              (iv) We allow muzzleloader deer hunting for the first 5 days of the early State muzzleloader season for this deer management zone. The bag limit for the refuge muzzleloader hunt is two deer, with no more than one buck.
              (v) We prohibit buckshot for gun deer hunting.
              (vi) We restrict hunt participants for quota hunts to those drawn for a quota permit. These permits are nontransferable, and permit fees are nonrefundable.
              (vii) The quota gun deer hunt bag limit is two deer, with no more than one buck (one buck and one doe). Exception: Youth hunters participating in the refuge youth deer hunt and hunters participating in the refuge mobility-impaired hunt may harvest the legal State bag limit without antler restrictions.
              (viii) We do not open for fall archery turkey season.
              (ix) We close spring archery turkey hunting during scheduled turkey quota permit gun hunts.
              (x) You may use only portable deer stands erected no sooner than 2 days before the opening of the State deer season, and you must remove them no later than January 31 each year (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (xi) We prohibit the use of deer decoy(s).
              (xii) We restrict hunt participants during quota hunts to those selected for a quota permit, except that one nonhunting adult age 21 or older and possessing a valid hunting license must accompany a youth hunter.
              (xiii) We allow tree stands, ground blinds, boats, or game cameras on the refuge only if the owner's Arkansas Game and Fish customer identification number is affixed to, or clearly written on, them in a conspicuous location.
              (xiv) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a “deer drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.
              (xv) We prohibit all public use, except fishing and access for fishing, during quota hunts.
              (xvi) We allow the taking of feral hogs on the refuge only during the muzzleloader and modern gun quota permit deer hunts and with weapons and ammunition allowed for that hunt. There is no bag limit. You may not transport or possess live hogs.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing, frogging, and the taking of crawfish on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You must reset trotlines when exposed by receding water levels.
              (ii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (h)(1)(iv) through (viii) and (x) of this section apply.

              (iii) We prohibit taking or possessing turtles or mollusks (see § 27.21 of this chapter).

              (i) Wapanocca National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of snow goose on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require refuge hunting permits. The permits (found on the front cover of the annual hunt brochure/permit—signature required) are nontransferable, and anyone on refuge land in possession of hunting equipment must sign and carry them at all times.
              (ii) Hunters may only hunt during designated days and times.
              (iii) Hunters may enter the refuge at 4 a.m. and must leave the refuge by 1 hour after legal sunset.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, rabbit, raccoon, nutria, beaver, coyote, feral hog, and opossum on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (i)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) You may use only shotguns and rifles chambered for rimfire cartridges when hunting.
              (iii) We allow the use of dogs when hunting.
              (iv) You may take nutria, beaver, and coyote during any refuge hunt with those weapons legal during those hunts, subject to applicable State seasons and regulations.
              (v) You may take feral hog only during the refuge quota gun deer hunt and as governed by State Wildlife Management Area (WMA) regulations.
              (vi) We limit nighttime hunting to raccoon/opossum hunting.
              (vii) We close all other hunts during the quota gun deer hunt. We allow only quota gun deer hunt permit (fee/signature required) holders to enter the refuge during this hunt and only for deer hunting.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (i)(1)(i) through (iii) and (i)(2)(iv) through (vii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit hunting from mowed and/or graveled road rights-of-way.
              (iii) We allow only portable deer stands. You may erect stands 7 days prior to the refuge deer season and must remove them from the waterfowl sanctuaries by December 1. You must remove all stands on the remainder of the refuge within 7 days of the closure of archery season (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (iv) We prohibit the possession or use of buckshot for hunting on all refuge lands.
              (v) We allow tree stands, ground blinds, and game cameras on the refuge only if the owner's Arkansas Game and Fish customer identification number is clearly written on them in a conspicuous location.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow fishing from March 1 through October 31 from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 1/2 hour after legal sunset.
              (ii) We prohibit the possession or use of yo-yos, jugs, or other floating containers; drops or limb lines; trotlines; and commercial fishing tackle.
              (iii) We allow bank fishing.
              (iv) We prohibit the take or possession of frogs, mollusks, and/or turtles (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (v) Anglers may launch boats only in designated areas.
              (vi) Anglers must remove all boats from the refuge at the end of each day's fishing activity (see § 27.93 of this chapter). We prohibit airboats, personal watercraft, and hovercraft.
              [84 FR 47675, Sept. 10, 2019, as amended at 85 FR 54105, Aug. 31, 2020]

              § 32.24
              California.
              The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
              (a) Cibola National Wildlife Refuge. Refer to § 32.22(d) for regulations.
              (b) Clear Lake National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, coot, moorhen, and snipe on designated areas of the refuge.
              (2) [Reserved]
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of pronghorn antelope only on the controlled “U” Unit of the refuge subject to the following condition: You may hunt only in the unit for 9 consecutive days beginning on the first Saturday following the third Wednesday in August.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (c) Colusa National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, coot, moorhen, and snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You must return the State-issued entry permit and vacate the refuge no later than 11/2 hours after legal sunset unless participating in an authorized overnight stay.
              (ii) All hunters age 15 and younger must remain in the immediate presence of an adult (age 18 or older) at all times while in the field.
              (iii) Access to the hunt area is by foot traffic only. We prohibit bicycles and other conveyances. Mobility-impaired hunters should consult with the refuge manager for allowed conveyances.
              (iv) You may enter or exit only at designated locations.
              (v) The firearms used for hunting must remain unloaded until you are in designated free-roam areas or assigned pond/blind areas.
              (vi) Hunters may use shotguns only. We prohibit shotguns larger than 12 gauge.
              (vii) You may not possess more than 25 shot shells while in the field once you have left your assigned parking lot or boat launch.
              (viii) You may not possess shot size larger than BB, except steel “T” (0.20-inch (0.5-centimeter) diameter).
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of pheasant and wild turkey only in the free-roam areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow pheasant hunting in the assigned pond area during a special 1-day-only pheasant hunt on the first Monday after the opening of the State pheasant hunting season.
              (ii) We allow turkey hunting during the fall season only.
              (iii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (viii) of this section apply.
              (3)-(4) [Reserved]
              (d) Delevan National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, coot, moorhen, and snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You must return the State-issued entry permit and vacate the refuge no later than 11/2 hours after legal sunset unless participating in an authorized overnight stay.
              (ii) All hunters age 15 and younger must remain in the immediate presence of an adult (age 18 or older) at all times while in the field.
              (iii) Access to the hunt area is by foot traffic only. We prohibit bicycles and other conveyances. Mobility-impaired hunters should consult with the refuge manager for allowed conveyances.
              (iv) You may enter or exit only at designated locations.
              (v) The firearms used for hunting must remain unloaded until you are in designated free-roam areas or assigned pond/blind areas.
              (vi) Hunters may use shotguns only. We prohibit shotguns larger than 12 gauge.
              (vii) You may not possess more than 25 shot shells while in the field once you have left your assigned parking lot or boat launch.
              (viii) You may not possess shot size larger than BB, except steel “T” (0.20-inch (0.5-centimeter) diameter).
              (ix) We restrict hunters assigned to the spaced blind area to within 100 feet (30.5 meters) of their assigned hunt site except for when retrieving downed birds, placing decoys, or traveling to and from the area.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of pheasant and wild turkey on designated areas on the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow pheasant hunting in the assigned pond/spaced blind area during a special 1-day-only pheasant hunt on the first Monday after the opening of the State pheasant hunting season.
              (ii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (d)(1)(iii) through (viii) of this section apply.
              (3)-(4) [Reserved]
              (e) Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, and coot on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Hunters may only hunt during designated days and times.
              (ii) During the 2 weeks before the opening of the hunt season, you may bring a boat into Ponds AB1, A2E, AB2, A3N, A3W, A5, A7, and A8N, and moor it at a designated site. You may use your boat to access the hunting ponds, and you may leave your boat on the refuge during the hunt season. You must remove your boat within 2 weeks following the close of the hunt season. We allow nonmotorized boats and motorized boats powered by electric, gasoline direct fuel injection 2-stroke, or 4-stroke gasoline motors only.
              (iii) You may maintain an existing blind in the ponds open to hunting if you have a refuge permit (name and signature required), but the blind will be open for general use on a first-come, first-served basis.
              (iv) You must remove all decoys and other personal property, except personal boats, from the refuge by legal sunset (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (v) You may enter closed areas of the refuge to retrieve downed birds, provided you leave all weapons in a legal hunting area.
              (vi) We allow the use of dogs when hunting.
              (vii) You may not possess more than 25 shot shells while in the field once you have left your assigned parking lot or boat launch.
              (viii) At the Ravenswood Unit only, we only allow portable blinds or construction of temporary blinds made from natural materials.
              (2)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We close Mallard Slough to boats from March 1 through August 31, and we close Mowry Slough from March 15 to June 15.
              (ii) We open designated fishing areas from legal sunrise to legal sunset each day.
              (iii) We prohibit the collection of bait of any type from the refuge except from the Dumbarton Fishing Pier, where it is legal to collect bait for noncommercial purposes.
              (iv) We prohibit the use of balloons to float hooks and bait farther than hand casting.
              (f) Havasu National Wildlife Refuge. Refer to § 32.22(e) for regulations.
              (g) Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, coot, common moorhen, and snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) All hunters age 15 and younger must remain in the immediate presence of an adult (age 18 or older) at all times while in the field.

              (ii) You may only use portable blinds in the free-roam hunting areas (i.e., all hunt areas except Salmon Creek Unit).
              (iii) You must remove all blinds, decoys, shell casings, and other personal equipment and refuse from the refuge at the end of each day's hunt (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (iv) We allow the use of dogs when hunting.
              (v) On the Salmon Creek Unit, we allow hunting on Tuesdays and Saturdays (except Federal holidays), and hunters must possess and carry a valid daily refuge permit. We issue refuge permits prior to each hunt by random drawing of names conducted at the check station 11/2 hours before legal shooting time. Shooting time ends at 3 p.m. Hunters drawn for a blind must completely fill out a Refuge Hunt Permit, which includes a “Record of Harvest” section. Each hunter must possess and carry the Refuge Hunt Permit/Record of Harvest (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) document while on the refuge and turn in a complete Record of Harvest at the check station before leaving the hunt area.
              (vi) On the Salmon Creek Unit, you may possess shot shells in quantities of 25 or fewer per hunter, per day.
              (vii) On the Salmon Creek Unit, we restrict hunters to within 100 feet (30 meters) of the assigned hunt site except for when placing and retrieving decoys, retrieving downed birds, or traveling to and from the parking area.
              (2)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We allow fishing from the designated shoreline trail and dock (for nonmotorized boats only) at the Hookton Slough Unit from legal sunrise to legal sunset, only using pole and line or rod and reel.
              (h) Imperial National Wildlife Refuge. Refer to § 32.22(f) for regulations.
              (i) Kern National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, coot, and moorhen on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Hunters assigned to the spaced blind unit must remain within 100 feet (30.5 meters) of the numbered steel post (blind site) except when pursuing crippled birds, placing decoys, or traveling to and from the parking area.
              (ii) You may not possess more than 25 shot shells while in the field once you have left your assigned parking lot or boat launch.
              (iii) We allow only nonmotorized boats.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of pheasant on designated areas of the refuge.
              (3)-(4) [Reserved]
              (j) Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, coot, moorhen, and snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) In the controlled waterfowl hunting area, we require a valid Refuge Recreation Pass (available electronically or in person at the refuge office) for all hunters age 16 or older. All hunters age 15 and younger must remain in the immediate presence of an adult (age 18 or older) at all times while in the field.
              (ii) We require advance reservations for the first 2 days of the hunting season. Reservations are obtained through the waterfowl lottery each year.
              (iii) Hunters may enter the refuge at 4:30 a.m. unless otherwise posted.
              (iv) Shooting hours end at 1 p.m. on all California portions of the refuge with the following exceptions:
              (A) The refuge manager may designate up to 6 afternoon special youth, ladies, veteran, or disabled hunter waterfowl hunts per season.
              (B) The refuge manager may designate up to 3 days per week of afternoon waterfowl hunting for the general public after December 1.
              (v) We prohibit the setting of decoys in retrieving zones.
              (vi) Pit-style hunting blinds located in the Stearns units and unit 9D are first-come, first-served. We require you to hunt within a 200-foot (61-meter) radius of the blind.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of pheasant on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: In the controlled pheasant hunting area, we require a valid permit (available electronically or in person at the refuge office) for all hunters age 16 or older. All hunters age 15 and younger must remain in the immediate presence of an adult (age 18 or older) at all times while in the field.
              (3)-(4) [Reserved]
              (k) Marin Islands National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing from boats on designated areas of the refuge.
              (l) Merced National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, coot, snipe, and moorhen on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You may not possess more than 25 shot shells while in the field once you have left your assigned parking lot or boat launch.
              (ii) Each hunter must remain inside his or her assigned blind, except for when placing decoys, retrieving downed birds, and traveling to and from the parking area. We prohibit shooting from outside the blind.
              (iii) We restrict hunters in the spaced zone area of the Lonetree Unit to their assigned zone except when they are traveling to and from the parking area, retrieving downed birds, or shooting to retrieve crippled birds.
              (iv) We allow the use of dogs when hunting.
              (2)-(4) [Reserved]
              (m) Modoc National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, coot, moorhen, and snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) On the opening weekend of the hunting season, hunters must possess and carry a refuge permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) issued through random drawing to hunters with advance reservations only.
              (ii) After the opening weekend of the hunting season, we only allow hunting on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. Hunters must check-in and out of the refuge by using self-service permits (FWS Form 3-2405, Self-Clearing Check-in/out Permit). Hunters must completely fill out the “Refuge Hunt Permit” portion of the permit and deposit it in the drop box prior to hunting. The hunter must possess and carry the “Record of Kill” portion of the permit while on the refuge and turn it in prior to exiting the hunting area.
              (iii) In the designated spaced blind area, you must remain within the blind assigned to you.
              (iv) All hunters age 15 and younger must remain in the immediate presence of an adult (age 18 or older) at all times while in the field.
              (v) You may not possess more than 25 shot shells while in the field once you have left your assigned parking lot or boat launch.
              (vi) You may only use portable blinds in the free-roam hunting areas.
              (vii) You must remove all blinds, decoys, shell casings, other personal equipment, and refuse from the refuge at the end of each day (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (viii) Hunters must enter and exit the hunting area from the three designated hunt parking lots, which we open 11/2 hours before legal sunrise and close 1 hour after legal sunset each hunt day.
              (ix) We only allow access to the hunt area by foot, bicycle, and nonmotorized cart. We prohibit bicycles in the hunt area during the opening weekend of the hunting season.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of pheasant on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We limit hunting to junior hunters possessing a valid State Junior Hunting License and refuge Junior Pheasant Hunt Permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System).
              (ii) All hunters age 15 and younger must remain in the immediate presence of an adult (age 18 or older) at all times while in the field.
              (3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing only on Dorris Reservoir subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit fishing from February 1 through September 30.
              (ii) We allow fishing only from legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (iii) We allow only walk-in access to Dorris Reservoir from February 1 through March 31.
              (iv) We allow use of boats for fishing on Dorris Reservoir only from April 1 through September 30.
              (n) Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, coot, moorhen, and snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You must return the State-issued entry permit and vacate the refuge no later than 11/2 hours after legal sunset unless participating in an authorized overnight stay.
              (ii) All hunters age 15 and younger must remain in the immediate presence of an adult (age 18 or older) at all times while in the field.
              (iii) Access to the hunt area is by foot traffic only. We prohibit bicycles and other conveyances. Mobility-impaired hunters should consult with the refuge manager for allowed conveyances.
              (iv) You may enter or exit only at designated locations.
              (v) The firearms used for hunting must remain unloaded until you are in designated free-roam areas or assigned pond/blind areas.
              (vi) Hunters may use shotguns only. We prohibit shotguns larger than 12 gauge.
              (vii) You may not possess more than 25 shot shells while in the field once you have left your assigned parking lot or boat launch.
              (viii) You may not possess shot size larger than BB, except steel “T” (0.20-inch (0.5-centimeter) diameter).

              (ix) We restrict hunters assigned to the spaced blind area to within 100 feet (30.5 meters) of their assigned hunt site except for when retrieving downed birds, placing decoys, or traveling to and from the area.

              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of pheasant and wild turkey in designated areas on the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow pheasant hunting in the assigned pond/spaced blind area during a special 1-day-only pheasant hunt on the first Monday after the opening of the State pheasant hunting season.
              (ii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (n)(1)(iii) through (ix) of this section apply.
              (3)-(4) [Reserved]
              (o) Sacramento River National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, coot, moorhen, dove, and snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Access to the hunt area on all units open to public hunting is by boat only, except on designated units, which are accessible by foot traffic or boat. We prohibit bicycles or other conveyances. Mobility-impaired hunters should consult with the refuge manager for allowed conveyances.
              (ii) On the Codora Unit, we prohibit hunting except for junior hunters on weekends only. Junior hunters must possess a valid junior hunting license and be accompanied by a nonhunting adult.
              (iii) We allow only shotgun hunting.
              (iv) We prohibit hunting within 50 feet (15 meters) of any landward boundary adjacent to private property.
              (v) We allow the use of dogs only when hunting migratory birds and upland game birds.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of pheasant, turkey, and quail on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow only shotgun and archery hunting.
              (ii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (o)(1)(i), (ii), (iv), and (v) of this section apply.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of black-tailed deer and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (o)(1)(i), (ii), and (iv) and (o)(2)(i) of this section apply.
              (ii) You may hunt feral hogs from September 1 through March 15.
              (iii) We prohibit the use of dogs while hunting black-tailed deer and feral hogs.
              (iv) We allow the use of only shotguns firing single non-lead shotgun slugs, and archery equipment. We prohibit the use or possession of rifles and pistols on the refuge for hunting.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge.
              (p) Salinas River National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, coot, and moorhen on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You may not possess more than 25 shot shells while in the field once you have left your assigned parking lot or boat launch.
              (ii) Access to the hunt area is by foot traffic only. We prohibit bicycles and other conveyances. Mobility-impaired hunters should consult with the refuge manager for allowed conveyances.
              (iii) We allow the use of dogs when hunting waterfowl.
              (iv) You must remove all decoys and other personal property from the refuge at the end of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (2)-(4) [Reserved]
              (q) San Diego Bay National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing from boats and other flotation devices on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We prohibit shoreline fishing.
              (r) San Luis National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, coot, moorhen, and snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You may not possess more than 25 shot shells while in the field once you have left your assigned parking lot or boat launch.
              (ii) You must return your permits (state-issued) to the check stations immediately upon completion of your hunt and prior to using any tour routes or leaving the refuge vicinity.

              (iii) We restrict hunters in the spaced blind area to their assigned blind except when they are placing decoys, traveling to and from the parking area, retrieving downed birds, or pursuing crippled birds.

              (iv) We restrict hunters in the spaced zone area of the East Bear Creek Unit to their assigned zone except when they are traveling to and from the parking area, retrieving downed birds, or pursuing crippled birds.
              (v) Access to the Freitas Unit free-roam hunting area is by boat only with a maximum of 5 miles per hour (mph). We prohibit air-thrust and inboard water-thrust boats.
              (vi) We require State-issued Type A area permits for access on Wednesdays, Saturdays, and Sundays.
              (vii) We prohibit the use of motorized boats and other flotation devices in the free-roam units with the exception of the Freitas Unit.
              (viii) We prohibit vehicle trailers of any type or size to be in the refuge hunt areas at any time or to be left unattended at any location on the refuge.
              (ix) We allow the use of dogs when hunting.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of pheasant on designated areas of the refuge.
              (3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We only allow fishing during normal refuge visitation hours in designated areas as posted.
              (ii) We only allow the use of pole and line or rod and reel to take fish, and anglers must attend their equipment at all times.
              (s) San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, and coot on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You may only hunt from a boat. We prohibit walk-in hunting on the refuge.
              (ii) We allow the use of dogs when hunting.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of pheasant only in designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You may only hunt on Wednesdays, Saturdays, and Sundays.
              (ii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (s)(1)(ii) and (iii) of this section apply.
              (3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We allow fishing only with a pole and line or rod and reel. We prohibit bow fishing and gigging.
              (t) Sonny Bono Salton Sea National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, coot, and moorhen on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Hunters using the Union Tract must use goose decoys.
              (ii) You must hunt from assigned blinds on the Union Tract and within 100 feet (30 meters) of blind sites on the Hazard Tract, except when shooting to retrieve crippled birds.
              (iii) You may not possess more than 25 shot shells while in the field once you have left your assigned parking lot or boat launch.
              (2)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We only allow fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow fishing from April 1 through September 30.
              (ii) We only allow boat fishing.
              (u) Stone Lakes National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, coot, and moorhen on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow hunting on Sun River Unit only on Wednesdays and Saturdays from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until 12 p.m. (noon).
              (ii) We will select hunters through a random drawing process (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) conducted at the refuge. Hunters should bring a copy of their refuge notification on the day of their hunt. Hunters should contact the refuge manager for additional information.
              (iii) All hunters age 15 and younger must remain in the immediate presence of an adult (age 18 or older) at all times while in the field.
              (iv) We prohibit bicycles or other conveyances. Mobility-impaired hunters should contact the refuge manager regarding allowed conveyances.

              (v) We restrict hunters to their assigned spaced-blind except when they are placing or retrieving decoys, traveling to and from the parking area, retrieving downed birds, or shooting to retrieve crippled birds
              (vi) You may not possess more than 25 shot shells while in the field once you have left your assigned parking lot or boat launch.
              (vii) We allow only nonmotorized boats to access water blinds.
              (viii) You must remove all decoys, personal equipment, shotshell hulls, and refuse from the refuge by 12:30 p.m. (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (ix) We allow the use of dogs when hunting.
              (2)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit fishing from the bank.
              (ii) We prohibit the take of native reptiles and amphibians (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (v) Sutter National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, coot, moorhen, and snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You must return the State-issued entry permit and vacate the refuge no later than 11/2 hours after legal sunset unless participating in an authorized overnight stay.
              (ii) All hunters age 15 and younger must remain in the immediate presence of an adult (age 18 or older) at all times while in the field.
              (iii) Access to the hunt area is by foot traffic only. We prohibit bicycles and other conveyances. Mobility-impaired hunters should consult with the refuge manager for allowed conveyances.
              (iv) You may enter or exit only at designated locations.
              (v) The firearms used for hunting must remain unloaded until you are in designated free-roam areas or assigned pond/blind areas.
              (vi) Hunters may use shotguns only. We prohibit shotguns larger than 12 gauge.
              (vii) You may not possess more than 25 shot shells while in the field once you have left your assigned parking lot or boat launch.
              (viii) You may not possess shot size larger than BB, except steel “T” (0.20-inch (0.5-centimeter) diameter).
              (2) Upland game hunting. We only allow hunting of pheasant and wild turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow turkey hunting during the fall season only.
              (ii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (v)(1)(i) through (viii) of this section apply.
              (3)-(4) [Reserved]
              (w) Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, coot, moorhen, and snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) In the controlled waterfowl hunting area, we require a valid Refuge Recreation Pass (available electronically or in person at the refuge office) for all hunters age 16 or older.
              (ii) All hunters age 15 or younger must remain in the immediate presence of an adult (age 18 or older) at all times while in the field.
              (iii) We require advance reservations for the first 2 days of the hunting season. You may obtain a reservation through the waterfowl lottery each year.
              (iv) Hunters may enter the refuge at 4:30 a.m. unless otherwise posted.
              (v) Shooting hours end at 1 p.m. on all portions of the refuge with the following exceptions:
              (A) The refuge manager may designate up to 6 afternoon special youth, ladies, veteran, or disabled hunter waterfowl hunts per season.
              (B) The refuge manager may designate up to 3 days per week of afternoon waterfowl hunting for the general public after December 1.
              (vi) You select blind sites by lottery at the beginning of each hunt day. You may shoot only from within your assigned blind site.
              (vii) We prohibit the setting of decoys in retrieving zones.
              (viii) We prohibit air-thrust and inboard water-thrust boats while hunting. We prohibit the use of all-terrain amphibious or utility-type vehicles (UTVs) in wetland units.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of pheasant on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) In the controlled pheasant hunting area, we require a valid permit (available electronically or in person at the refuge office) for all hunters age 16 or older.
              (ii) All hunters age 15 or younger must remain in the immediate presence of an adult (age 18 or older) at all times while in the field.
              (3)-(4) [Reserved]
              [84 FR 47675, Sept. 10, 2019, as amended at 85 FR 54105, Aug. 31, 2020]

              § 32.25
              Colorado.
              The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
              (a) Alamosa National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, coot, snipe, Eurasian collared-dove, and mourning dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow Eurasian collared-dove hunting only during the mourning dove season.
              (ii) The only acceptable methods of take are shotguns, hand-held bows, and hawking/falconry.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of cottontail rabbit, and black-tailed and white-tailed jackrabbit, on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The only acceptable methods of take are shotgun, rifle firing rimfire cartridges less than .23 caliber, hand-held bow, pellet gun, slingshot, and hawking/falconry.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of elk on designated areas of the refuge.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We prohibit launching or removing any type of watercraft from the refuge on the Rio Grande or Chicago Ditch.
              (b) Arapaho National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, coot, merganser, Canada goose, snipe, Virginia and Sora rail, and mourning dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) All migratory bird hunting closes annually on December 31.
              (ii) We allow access to the refuge 1 hour prior to legal shooting time.
              (iii) We allow use of only portable stands and blinds that the hunter must remove following each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (iv) We prohibit hunting 200 feet (60 meters) from any public use road, designated parking area, or designated public use facility located within the hunt area.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of jackrabbit, cottontail rabbit, and sage grouse on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) All upland game hunting closes annually on December 31.
              (ii) The condition set forth at paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this section applies.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of antelope and elk on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(ii) and (iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) Elk hunters:
              (A) Must possess a refuge-specific permit (state-issued) to hunt elk; and
              (B) Must attend a scheduled pre-hunt information meeting prior to hunting.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit fishing between June 1 and July 31 each year.
              (ii) We allow fishing only from legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (iii) We prohibit ice fishing on the refuge.
              (iv) We close Unit C to fishing when the refuge is open to big game rifle hunting.
              (v) We prohibit lead sinkers and live bait for fishing.
              (c) Baca National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of Eurasian collared-dove and mourning dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) We allow Eurasian collared-dove hunting only during the mourning dove season.

              (ii) The only acceptable methods of take are shotguns, hand-held bows, and hawking/falconry.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of cottontail rabbit, and black-tailed and white-tailed jackrabbit, on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: Shotguns, rifles firing rimfire cartridges less than .23 caliber, hand-held bows, pellet guns, slingshots, and hawking/falconry are the only acceptable methods of take.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of elk on designated areas of the refuge.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (d) Browns Park National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, coot, and mourning dove on designated areas of the refuge.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of cottontail rabbit on designated areas of the refuge.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of pronghorn antelope, moose, mule deer, and elk on designated areas of the refuge.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge.
              (e) Monte Vista National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, coot, snipe, Eurasian collared-dove, and mourning dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow Eurasian collared-dove hunting only during the mourning dove season.
              (ii) The only acceptable methods of take are shotguns, hand-held bows, and hawking/falconry.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of cottontail rabbit, and black-tailed and white-tailed jackrabbit, on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The only acceptable methods of take are shotgun, rifle firing rimfire cartridges less than .23 caliber, hand-held bow, pellet gun, slingshot, and hawking/falconry.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of elk on designated areas of the refuge.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (f) Rocky Mountain Arsenal. (1)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow fishing on Tuesdays, Saturdays, and Sundays from legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (ii) We allow fishing from the first Saturday in April through November 30.
              (iii) All anglers age 16 and older must possess a signed refuge fishing permit (signed refuge fishing brochure) when fishing.
              (iv) You must stop and pay the daily fishing recreation fee for each Colorado State licensed angler age 16 or older. Payments are made at self-service fishing fee stations, and you must display a receipt of payment or an annual pass while fishing. High school and college students can fish for free with a current student identification card.
              (v) We allow bank fishing only at Lake Mary and Lake Ladora.
              (vi) We allow wade fishing only in Lake Ladora after Memorial Day.
              (vii) Each angler may use only one rod and reel or pole and line with one hook per line, except that we allow a second rod and reel or pole and line with one hook per line with a Colorado State-issued second rod stamp.
              (viii) We only allow barbless hooks.
              (ix) We only allow artificial lures and flies on Lake Ladora. We allow artificial lures and flies and artificial bait, cut bait, and food products only on Lake Mary.
              (x) We prohibit the use of live bait on all refuge waters.
              (xi) We only allow catch-and-release fishing.
              (xii) We prohibit the possession and consumption of alcoholic beverages while fishing.
              [84 FR 47675, Sept. 10, 2019, as amended at 85 FR 54105, Aug. 31, 2020]

              § 32.26
              Connecticut.
              The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
              (a) Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow refuge access 11/2 hours prior to legal sunrise until 11/2 hours after legal sunset.
              (ii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of upland game on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section apply.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of big game on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section apply.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section applies.
              (ii) We prohibit launching of motorboats from the refuge.
              (iii) We prohibit the use of reptiles and amphibians as bait.
              (b) Stewart B. McKinney National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, coot, merganser, brant, sea duck, and goose on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) For the Great Meadows unit, we will limit hunt days to Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays during the regular duck, sea duck, and brant seasons.
              (ii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (iii) We allow the use of temporary tree stands and blinds, which must be removed at the end of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (2) [Reserved]
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow archery hunting of white-tailed deer and wild turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The condition set forth at paragraph (b)(1)(iii) of this section applies.
              (4) [Reserved]
              [85 FR 54106, Aug. 31, 2020]

              § 32.27
              Delaware.
              The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as governed by applicable Federal and State regulations and are listed in alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
              (a) Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require a refuge permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) for waterfowl hunting.
              (ii) You must complete and return a Migratory Bird Hunt Report (FWS Form 3-2361), available at the refuge administration office or on the refuge's website, within 15 days of the close of the season.
              (iii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of grey squirrel, cottontail rabbit, ring-necked pheasant, bobwhite quail, raccoon, opossum, coyote, and red fox on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The condition set forth at paragraph (a)(1)(iii) of this section applies.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of turkey and deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require a refuge permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System).
              (ii) Hunting on the headquarters deer hunt area will be by lottery. You must obtain and possess a refuge permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) from the refuge office or website and have the permit in your possession while hunting.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We prohibit the use of lead fishing tackle on the refuge.
              (b) Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow the hunting of waterfowl, coot, mourning dove, snipe, and woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) You must obtain and possess a refuge permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) from the refuge office or website and have the permit in your possession while hunting.
              (ii) You must complete and return a Migratory Bird Hunt Report (FWS Form 3-2361), available at the refuge administration office or on the refuge's website, within 15 days of the close of the season.
              (iii) We allow State certified hunters with disabilities hunting privileges in the Disabled Waterfowl Draw Area subject to the following condition: We do not allow assistants to enter a designated disabled hunting area unless they are accompanied by a certified disabled hunter.
              (iv) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of rabbit, quail, pheasant, and red fox on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(i) and (iv) of this section apply.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a “deer drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.
              (ii) Hunting on the headquarters deer hunt area will be by lottery.
              (iii) The condition set forth at paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section applies.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing and crabbing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) On Turkle and Fleetwood ponds, we allow boats only with electric trolling motors.
              (ii) You must attend all crabbing and fishing gear at all times.
              (iii) You must remove all personal property at the end of each day's fishing activity (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              [85 FR 54106, Aug. 31, 2020]

              § 32.28
              Florida.
              The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
              (a) Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck and coot on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You must possess and carry a signed current refuge hunt permit (signed brochure) while hunting. You must have on your person all applicable licenses and permits.
              (ii) We prohibit hunting from all refuge structures, canals, and levees; within 1/2 mile of canoe trails, campsites, and boat ramps; and in areas posted as closed. We allow motorized vessels in the Motorized Zone, south of latitude line 26°27.130. We allow nonmotorized vessels in the Refuge Interior. We allow only one motorized vessel per party.
              (iii) Hunters may only enter and leave the refuge at designated entrances.
              (iv) We allow only temporary blinds of native vegetation.
              (v) Hunters must remove decoys and other personal property from the hunting area at the end of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (vi) Hunters may only use boats equipped with factory-manufactured, water-cooled outboard motors; boats with electric motors; and nonmotorized boats. We prohibit boats with air-cooled engines, fan boats, hovercraft, and personal watercraft (jet skis, jet boats, wave runners, etc.). We allow airboats by permit only (Special Use Permit (FWS Form 3-1383-G)). We will issue airboat permits through a separate lottery. There is a 35 miles per hour (mph) speed limit in all waters of the refuge. A 500-foot (150-meter) “idle speed zone” is at each of the refuge's three boat ramps.
              (vii) Hunters operating boats in the Refuge Interior, outside of the perimeter canal, are required to display a 10-inches by 12-inches (25-centimeters by 30-centimeters) orange flag 10 feet (3 meters) above the vessel's waterline.

              (viii) We will allow the use of airboats for a limited number of duck and coot hunters by permit (Special Use Permit (FWS Form 3-1383-G)) during Phase 2 of the State duck and coot season only. We will issue airboat permits through a separate lottery. Contact the Refuge headquarters for airboat permitting information.
              (ix) Motorized vessels used while hunting must be stopped and shut off for 15 minutes prior to shooting. Permitted motorized vessels must be in place 1 hour before legal sunrise and not move until 1 hour after legal sunrise.
              (x) All hunters must leave the hunt area once their bag/tag limit has been reached.
              (xi) We prohibit unrestricted airboat travel not associated with hunting.
              (xii) All hunters younger than age 18 must be supervised by a licensed and permitted adult age 21 or older, and must remain with the adult while hunting. Hunters younger than age 18 must have completed a hunter education course.
              (xiii) No entry and/or limited activity buffer zones or closures may be created to protect endangered or threatened species and other species.
              (xiv) Licenses, permits, equipment, and effects and vehicles, vessels, and other conveyances are subject to inspection by law enforcement officers.
              (2) [Reserved]
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of alligator, white-tailed deer, and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (iii), (v) through (vii), and (x) and (xi) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit hunting from all refuge structures and levees; within 1/2 mile of canoe trails, campsites, and boat ramps; and in areas posted as closed. We allow motorized vessels in the Motorized Zone, south of latitude line 26°27.130. We allow alligator hunting in the Motorized Zone and perimeter canal south of latitude line 26°27.130. We allow nonmotorized vessels in the Refuge Interior. We allow only one motorized vessel per party.
              (iii) We allow alligator hunting on the refuge 1 hour before legal sunset on Friday night through 1 hour after legal sunrise Saturday morning, and 1 hour before legal sunset on Saturday night through 1 hour after legal sunrise Sunday morning. We allow alligator hunting the first two weekends during Harvest Period 1 (August) and the first two weekends during Harvest Period 2 (September). Following the close of Harvest Period 2, the remaining weekends in October will be open for alligator harvest permittees who possess unused CITES tags (OMB Control No. 1018-0093). Specific dates for the alligator hunt are on the harvest permit issued by the State.
              (iv) Alligator hunters age 18 and older must be in possession of all necessary State and Federal licenses, permits, and CITES tags, as well as a signed refuge hunt permit (signed brochure) while hunting on the refuge. They must possess an Alligator Trapping License with CITES tag or an Alligator Trapping Agent License (State-issued), if applicable.
              (v) Persons younger than age 18 may not hunt but may only accompany an adult age 21 or older who possesses an Alligator Trapping Agent License (State-issued).
              (vi) You may take alligators using hand-held snare, harpoon, gig, snatch hook, artificial lure, manually operated spear, spear gun, or crossbow. We prohibit the taking of alligators using baited hook, baited wooden peg, or firearm. We allow the use of bang sticks (a hand-held pole with a pistol or shotgun cartridge on the end in a very short barrel) with approved nontoxic ammunition (see § 32.2(k)) only for taking alligators attached to a restraining line. Once an alligator is captured, it must be killed immediately. We prohibit catch-and-release of alligators. Once the alligator is dead, you must lock a CITES tag through the skin of the carcass within 6 inches (15.2 centimeters) of the tip of the tail. The tag must remain attached to the alligator at all times.
              (vii) We allow the use of airboats for a limited number of alligator hunters by permit (Special Use Permit (FWS Form 3-1383-G)). Airboat permits will be issued through a separate lottery. Contact the refuge headquarters for airboat permitting information.
              (viii) Alligators must remain in whole condition while on refuge lands.

              (ix) We allow a limited quota permit for the taking of white-tailed deer and incidental take of feral hog in the Refuge Interior, by airboat (requires Special Use Permit (FWS Form 3-1383-G)) and nonmotorized vessels only. Airboat access will be for deer hunt permit holders only.
              (x) White-tailed deer and feral hog hunters age 18 and older must be in possession of all necessary State and Federal licenses, permits, as well as a current refuge hunt permit (signed brochure) while hunting on the refuge.
              (xi) We have limited quota and specialty hunts for the taking of white-tailed deer, and incidental take of feral hogs during the deer hunts on the Strazzulla Marsh and the Cypress Swamp.
              (xii) Motorized vessels used while deer hunting must be stopped and shut off for 15 minutes prior to shooting. Permitted motorized vessels must be in place 1 hour before legal sunrise and not move until 1 hour after legal sunrise.
              (xiii) We close the Refuge Interior to all other uses during the limited quota white-tailed deer hunt in the Refuge Interior.
              (xiv) White-tailed deer hunters younger than age 18 must be supervised by a licensed and permitted adult age 21 or older, and must remain with the adult while hunting. Hunters younger than age 18 must have completed a hunter education course.
              (xv) We prohibit the use of dogs for the take or attempt to take of white-tailed deer and feral hogs. We allow the use of dogs for blood trailing only.
              (xvi) We require nontoxic ammunition (see § 32.2(k)) when deer hunting on the refuge.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow fishing on all areas of the refuge, except those areas posted as closed to fishing or closed to the public.
              (ii) Anglers may only use boats equipped with factory-manufactured-water-cooled outboard motors, boats with electric motors, and nonmotorized boats. We prohibit boats with air-cooled engines, fan boats, hovercraft, and personal watercraft (jet skis, jet boats, wave runners, etc.). We allow the use of airboats by permit only (Special Use Permit (FWS Form 3-1383-G)). Airboat permits will be issued through a separate lottery. Contact the refuge headquarters for airboat permitting information.
              (iii) We allow motorized vessels in the Motorized Zone, south of latitude line 26°27.130, and perimeter canal. We allow only nonmotorized vessels in the Non Motorized Watercraft Zone, northern portion of Refuge Interior.
              (iv) Anglers operating boats in the Refuge Interior, outside of the perimeter canal, are required to display a 10-inches by 12-inches (25 cm x 30 cm) orange flag 10-feet (3 meters) above the vessel's waterline.
              (v) We only allow the use of rods and reels and poles and lines, and anglers must attend them at all times. We prohibit the possession or use of cast nets, seines, trot lines, jugs, and other fishing devices.
              (vi) We allow frog gigging, bow fishing, and fish gigging in all areas open to sport fishing, except in the A, B, and C Impoundments and Strazzulla Marsh.
              (vii) We prohibit frog gigging, bow fishing, and fish gigging from structures and from within 1/2 mile of refuge boat ramps, campsites, and canoe trails, and in areas posted as closed.
              (viii) We allow the taking of frogs from July 16 through March 15 of each year.
              (ix) The daily bag limit for frogs is 50 frogs per vessel or party.
              (x) Fish and frogs must remain in whole condition while on refuge lands.
              (xi) Frogs may only be taken by gig, blowgun, or hook and line, or by hand.
              (xii) We limit frogging or fishing by airboat to nonhunting airboat permittees only.
              (xiii) We prohibit commercial fishing, including unpermitted commercial guiding, and the taking of turtles and other wildlife (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (xiv) We allow 17 fishing tournaments a year by Special Use Permit only (General Activities—Special Use Permit Application, FWS Form 3-1383-G).
              (b) Cedar Keys National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow saltwater sport fishing year-round on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) We close a 300-foot (90-meter (m)) buffer zone beginning at mean high tide line and extending into the waters around Snake Key to all public entry from March 1 through June 30 to protect nesting birds.
              (ii) We conditionally open to public entry a 300-foot (90-m) buffer zone beginning at mean high tide line and extending into the waters around Seahorse Key from March 1 through June 30. Should birds nest in that area during that timeframe, we will close that area of Seahorse Key to public entry.
              (c) Chassahowitzka National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow migratory game bird hunting in designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) In Citrus County:
              (A) You may take only ducks and coots.
              (B) We allow waterfowl hunting on Wednesdays, Saturdays, and Sundays during those seasons established by the State of Florida.
              (C) We allow the use of dogs when hunting migratory birds.
              (D) We require hunters to possess and carry a signed, refuge hunting permit (signed brochure).
              (E) We prohibit hunting within 100 yards (91.4 meters) of any residence or on navigable waterways of Chassahowitzka River, Seven Cabbage Cut-off, and Mason Creek.
              (F) We allow temporary blinds and decoys, but you must remove all blinds and decoys from the refuge at the end of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (ii) In Hernando County:
              (A) All hunters in Hernando County must comply with the State of Florida Chassahowitzka Wildlife Management Area regulations.
              (B) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i)(C), (D), and (F) of this section apply.
              (C) We allow hunting of geese, duck, and coot only on Wednesdays, Saturdays, and Sundays.
              (D) We prohibit hunting within 100 yards (91.4 meters) of any residence.
              (2) Upland game hunting. In Hernando County, we allow hunting of quail, squirrel, rabbit, feral hog, opossum, armadillo, beaver, coyote, skunk, and nutria as governed by State of Florida Chassahowitzka Wildlife Management Area regulations and subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i)(C) through (F) and (c)(1)(ii)(D) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit the use of traps or snares to take game.
              (iii) You may take feral hog, opossum, armadillo, beaver, coyote, skunk, and nutria as incidental species with the equipment legal for use during the season.
              (3) Big game hunting. In Hernando County, we allow hunting of whitetail deer and turkey, as governed by State of Florida Chassahowitzka Wildlife Management Area regulations and subject to the following condition: The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(2)(i) through (iii) of this section apply.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing in designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow fishing 24 hours per day, year-round, except in areas posted closed.
              (ii) We prohibit harvesting and possession of frogs, horseshoe crabs, turtles, and snakes (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (iii) We permit commercial activities, including guiding, with a Special Use Permit (Commercial Activities Special Use Permit Application, FWS Form 3-1383-C). You must apply for the permit.
              (d) Egmont Key National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing year-round on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: Anglers may only use two poles per angler and must attend both poles at all times.
              (e) Everglades Headwaters National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds on designated areas of the refuge in accordance with State regulations and applicable State Wildlife Management Area regulations.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow upland game hunting on designated areas of the refuge in accordance with State regulations and applicable State Wildlife Management Area regulations.

              (3) Big game hunting. We allow big game hunting on designated areas of the refuge in accordance with State regulations and applicable State Wildlife Management Area regulations.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge in accordance with State regulations and applicable State Wildlife Management Area regulations.
              (f) Hobe Sound National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow fishing only from legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (ii) We allow salt-water fishing along the Atlantic Ocean and Indian River Lagoon year-round as governed by State recreational fishing regulations.
              (iii) We allow the use of only rods and reels and poles and lines, and anglers must attend them at all times.
              (iv) We allow only two poles per angler, and anglers must attend those poles at all times in conjunction with the Martin County, Florida, two-pole ordinance.
              (g) J. N. “Ding” Darling National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing and crabbing in designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow the take of crabs with the use of dip nets only.
              (ii) All anglers must exit refuge lands and waters no later than 1/2 hour after legal sunset.
              (iii) We prohibit the possession and use of seines or trot lines.
              (iv) We prohibit the use of cast nets from the left (south) side of Wildlife Drive or any water control structure, bridge, boardwalk, or rip rap affixed to Wildlife Drive.
              (v) All fish must remain in whole condition until removed from refuge lands and waters, except for fish caught and landed by individuals using the services of the refuge concessionaire at the Tarpon Bay recreation area. Those fish may be cleaned at the designated fish cleaning station in the concession area.
              (vi) We prohibit the use of bows and spears from Wildlife Drive or any trail or structure affixed to Wildlife Drive.
              (h) Lake Woodruff National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(2) [Reserved]
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, feral hog, and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require a valid Lake Woodruff Quota Hunt Permit, which can be purchased through the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, and a valid Lake Woodruff National Wildlife Refuge hunt permit (signed annual hunt brochure), which is free and nontransferable.
              (ii) All hunters must be on stands or in blinds during deer hunts.
              (iii) We prohibit scouting in the hunt area during the quota hunt.
              (iv) Hunters possessing a valid permit may access the refuge 2 hours prior to legal sunrise each hunting day. All hunters must leave the refuge within 2 hours of legal sunset.
              (v) We allow stands or blinds to be set up 2 days prior to the permitted hunt, and you must remove them on or before the last day of your permitted hunt. You must clearly mark stands with the hunter's Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) permit number found on your hunting license. No more than one stand or blind per person may be on the refuge at any time, unless a permitted hunter is accompanied by a youth hunter. You must place the stand and/or blind for a youth hunter within sight and normal voice contact of the permitted hunter's stand and mark it with the adult permitted hunter's FWC permit number and the word “YOUTH.”
              (vi) If you use flagging or other trail marking material, you must print your FWC permit number on each piece or marker. You may set up flagging and trail markers 2 days prior to the permitted hunt, and you must remove them on or before the last day of the permitted hunt.
              (vii) You must check out any game taken during the hunts at a self-check station.
              (viii) You may access the Western Unit only by boat.

              (ix) Hunters age 15 and younger do not need a quota permit, but they must be accompanied by an adult age 18 or older. Each adult may supervise one youth hunter and must remain within sight and normal voice contact of the youth hunter; the pair must share a single bag limit unless hunting during a designated family or youth hunt.
              (x) We prohibit shotgun loads larger than #2 shot and slugs during turkey hunts.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We only allow use of hook and line. We prohibit cast nets.
              (ii) We allow fishing from legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (iii) We prohibit the use of snatch hooks in the refuge impoundments.
              (i) Lower Suwannee National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck and coot on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require all hunters, age 16 or older, to purchase and possess a general refuge hunting permit through the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission to hunt during all refuge hunts, unless otherwise exempt. We do not require youth hunters age 15 and younger to possess a general refuge hunting permit.
              (ii) Every hunter must possess a signed refuge hunt brochure (signed brochure) while hunting on the refuge.
              (iii) We prohibit hunting from or within 150 feet (45 meters) of all refuge roads open to public vehicle travel.
              (iv) An adult (parent or guardian) age 18 or older must supervise and must remain within sight of and in normal voice contact of a youth hunter, age 15 or younger. An adult may not supervise more than two youths. Youth hunters must meet State hunter-education requirements.
              (v) Clothes-type pins or clips with reflective or colored markings can be used for the temporary marking of vegetation in order to identify a route of travel to or from a tree stand. You must remove these pins at the end of deer season (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter). Each clothes-type pin or clip must contain the hunting license number of the hunter.
              (vi) You may leave a temporary tree stand on refuge property starting 1 week before archery season, but you must remove it by the last day of hog season. All tree stands left on the refuge within the hunt season must display the hunter's hunting license number legibly written on or attached to the stand. You may also use a temporary tree stand during small game season, but you must remove it by the last day of the small game season.
              (vii) Hunters must be at their vehicles by 1 hour after legal shooting time.
              (viii) We prohibit cleaning of game within 1,000 feet (300 meters) of any developed public recreation area, game check station, or gate.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of feral hog, gray squirrel, armadillo, opossum, rabbit, raccoon, coyote, and beaver on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (i)(1)(i) through (viii) of this section apply.
              (ii) Hunters may only hunt during designated days and times. The refuge prints dates for all the refuge hunting seasons in the annual refuge hunt brochure (signed brochure).
              (iii) We allow night hunting for raccoon and opossum from legal sunset until legal sunrise as governed by State regulations.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of big game on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (i)(1)(i) through (viii) of this section apply.
              (ii) During the refuge archery season, hunters may only use archery equipment, including crossbows, as governed by State archery regulations.
              (iii) During the refuge muzzleloader season, hunters may only use muzzleloading firearms and archery equipment (see § 27.42 of this chapter) as governed by State muzzleloader regulations.
              (iv) We prohibit organized drives. We define a “drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause game to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the game.

              (v) We allow hunting of deer (except spotted fawns), feral hog, gray squirrel, rabbit, armadillo, opossum, raccoon, beaver, and coyote during the archery season.
              (vi) Hunters may take feral hog (no size or bag limit), and a maximum of two deer per day, during the family hunt, except only one deer may be antlerless for each day of the family and senior hunts.
              (vii) Hunters must fill out a Big Game Harvest Report (FWS Form 3-2359) and check all game harvested during all deer and hog hunts.
              (viii) Hunters may take only bearded turkeys and only during the State Zone C youth turkey hunts and spring turkey season.
              (ix) Shooting hours for spring turkey begin 1/2 hour before legal sunrise and end at 1 p.m.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit taking of frogs and turtles (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (ii) We prohibit the use or possession of alcohol while fishing on the refuge.
              (j) Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, merganser, and coot in designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You must possess and carry a current, signed Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge hunt permit (signed brochure, non-transferable) at all times while hunting waterfowl on the refuge.
              (ii) You must carry (or hunt within 30 yards of a hunter who possesses) a valid State-issued Merritt Island Waterfowl Quota Permit, while hunting in areas 1 or 4 during the State's regular waterfowl season. The Waterfowl Quota Permit can be used for a single party consisting of the permit holder and up to three guests. The permit holder must be present. The Waterfowl Quota Permit is a limited entry quota permit, is zone-specific, and is nontransferable.
              (iii) During the State's waterfowl season, we allow hunting on Wednesdays, Saturdays, Sundays, and the following Federal holidays: Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New Year's Day.
              (iv) We prohibit hunters entering the normal or expanded restricted areas of the Kennedy Space Center (KSC).
              (v) We allow hunting of waterfowl on refuge-established hunt days from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until 12 p.m. (noon). Hunters must remove all equipment and check out at the refuge check station prior to 1 p.m. each day.
              (vi) You may enter the refuge no earlier than 4 a.m. for the purpose of waterfowl hunting.
              (vii) We require an adult, age 18 or older, to supervise hunters age 15 and younger. The adult must remain within sight and normal voice contact of the youth hunter.
              (viii) We prohibit hunting or shooting within 25 feet (7.6 meters), or shooting from any portion, of a dike, dirt road, or railroad grade.
              (ix) We prohibit hunting or shooting within 150 yards (135 meters) of SR 402, SR 406, or any paved road right-of-way. We prohibit shooting over any dike or roadway.
              (x) You must stop at a posted refuge waterfowl check station and report statistical hunt information on the Migratory Bird Hunt Report (FWS Form 3-2361) to refuge personnel.
              (xi) When inside the impoundment perimeter ditch, you may use gasoline or diesel motors. Outside the perimeter ditch, you must propel vessels by paddling, push pole, or electric trolling motor.
              (2) [Reserved]
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow the hunting of white-tailed deer and feral hog in designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require a State-issued Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge Big Game Quota Hunt Permit. The Quota Hunt Permit is a limited entry quota permit, is zone-specific, and is nontransferable.
              (ii) You must have a valid signed Big Game Hunt Permit (signed annual hunt brochure).
              (iii) We prohibit hunters entering the normal or expanded restricted areas of the Kennedy Space Center (KSC).
              (iv) We allow hunting within the State's deer season on specific days as defined by the refuge hunt brochure. Each hunt will be a 3-day weekend. Legal shooting hours are 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 1/2 hour after legal sunset.

              (v) Hunters possessing a valid permit (State-issued permit) may access the refuge no earlier than 4 a.m. and must leave the refuge no later than 2 hours after legal sunset. If you wish to track wounded game beyond 2 hours after legal sunset, you must gain consent from a Federal Wildlife Officer to do so.
              (vi) We prohibit hunting from refuge roads or within 150 yards of roads open to public vehicle traffic or within 200 yards of a building or Kennedy Space Center facility.
              (vii) Each permitted hunter may have one adult guest and one youth hunter per adult. All guests must remain within 30 yards of the permitted hunter. The party must share a single bag limit. Each adult may supervise one youth hunter and must remain within sight and normal voice contact.
              (viii) You may set up stands or blinds up to 7 days prior to the permitted hunt; you must remove them on the last day of your permitted hunt. You must clearly mark stands and blinds with your Florida State customer identification (ID) number found on your hunting license. You may have no more than one stand or blind per person on the refuge at any time. You must place a stand or blind for a youth hunter within sight and normal voice contact of the supervisory hunter's stand and mark it with the supervisory hunter's Florida State customer ID number and the word “YOUTH.”
              (ix) We prohibit all scouting in the hunt area during the quota hunt.
              (x) If you use flagging or other trail-marking material, you must print your Florida State customer ID number on each piece or marker. You may set out flagging and trail markers up to 7 days prior to the permitted hunt, and you must remove them on the last day of the permitted hunt.
              (xi) We allow hunters possessing a valid permit to scout within their permitted zones up to 7 days prior to their permitted hunts. You must carry your valid Quota Hunt Permit identifying the permitted hunt zone while scouting.
              (xii) You must be on your stand or in your blind while hunting.
              (xiii) We prohibit stalking or moving through the hunt area while hunting.
              (xiv) We prohibit using dogs for tracking unless authorized by a Federal Wildlife Officer. Dogs must remain on a leash and be equipped with a GPS tracking device.
              (xv) You may field dress game; however, we prohibit cleaning game within 150 yards of any public area, road, game-check station, or gate. We prohibit dumping game carcasses on the refuge.
              (xvi) Archery hunters must wear at least 500 square inches (3,226 square centimeters) of solid fluorescent-orange color while moving to and from their vehicles, while moving to their stands or hunting spots, and while tracking or dragging out game.
              (xvii) There is no bag limit or size limit for the take of feral hogs.
              (xviii) You must stop at one of two check stations and report statistical hunt information on the Self-Clearing Check-In/Out Permit (FWS Form 3-2405).
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow recreational fishing, crabbing, clamming, and shrimping on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You must possess a current, signed refuge fishing permit (signed brochure) at all times while fishing on the refuge.
              (ii) We prohibit anglers entering the normal or expanded restricted areas of the Kennedy Space Center (KSC).
              (iii) We prohibit fishing after legal sunset or before legal sunrise, except that we allow fishing at night from a vessel in the open waters of Mosquito Lagoon, Indian River Lagoon, Banana River, and Haulover Canal.
              (iv) You may launch boats for night fishing and boating activities only from Bair's Cove, Beacon 42, and Biolab boat ramps.
              (v) We prohibit crabbing or fishing from Black Point Wildlife Drive or any side road connected to Black Point Wildlife Drive except from L Pond Road.
              (vi) We prohibit launching boats, canoes, or kayaks from Black Point Wildlife Drive or any side road connected to Black Point Wildlife Drive except from L Pond Road.
              (vii) Anglers and crabbers must attend their lines at all times.

              (viii) We prohibit harvesting and possession of horseshoe crab, frog, turtle, snake, and/or other wildlife (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (ix) We prohibit use of personal watercraft, kite surfing, kite boarding, wind surfing, sail boarding, use of air-thrust boats, and use of hovercraft on the refuge or in refuge waters.
              (x) We prohibit motorized vessels in the Banana River within the posted “No-Motor Zone,” including any vessel having an attached motor or a nonattached motor capable of use (including electric trolling motor).
              (xi) We allow vessels drafting 12 inches (30 centimeters) or less (measured while vessel is fully stopped) to be propelled only by poling, paddling, drifting, or electric trolling motors in the established Pole & Troll Zone(s), except in the posted running channels.
              (xii) We prohibit fish cleaning on refuge property.
              (xiii) We prohibit fishing from, or in the immediate vicinity of, the Manatee Viewing Deck on the northeast side of Haulover Canal.
              (xiv) When inside the impoundment perimeter ditch, you may use gasoline or diesel motors. Outside the perimeter ditch, you must propel vessels by paddling, push pole, or electric trolling motor.
              (k) Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow fishing year-round.
              (ii) We allow bank fishing from spoil islands during daylight hours only.
              (l) Pinellas National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing year-round on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We allow fishing only from vessels in the waters surrounding Tarpon Key.
              (m) St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck and coot on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You must remove blinds at the end of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (ii) We allow the use of dogs to recover game.
              (iii) Hunters may access the hunt area by boat.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of grey squirrel, rabbit, and raccoon on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require refuge permits (signed brochure) for hunting upland game. Each hunter must possess and carry a signed refuge permit while participating in a hunt.
              (ii) All hunters must wear 500 square inches (3,250 square centimeters) of fluorescent orange above the waistline while in a designated hunting unit during a refuge hunt.
              (iii) You may only use .22 caliber or smaller rim-fire rifles, shotguns (#4 bird shot or smaller) (see § 32.2(k)), or muzzleloaders to harvest squirrel, rabbit, and raccoon. In addition, you may use shotgun slugs, buckshot, archery equipment including crossbows, center fire weapons, or pistols to take feral hogs.
              (iv) We allow the use of leashed dogs for trailing injured or harvested game.
              (v) We prohibit hunting from any named or numbered road (with the exception of persons hunting during the mobility-impaired hunt).
              (vi) We prohibit cleaning of game within 1,000 feet (300 meters) of any residence, developed public recreation area, or game check station.
              (vii) You must check out all game taken at a game check station. You must use the State harvest recording system to check out all white-tail deer harvested on the refuge.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, feral hog, and turkey in areas and during seasons designated in the hunting brochure subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require State-issued refuge permits. Permits are nontransferable. Each hunter must possess and carry a signed permit when participating in a hunt.
              (ii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (m)(2)(ii) and (iv) through (vii) of this section apply.
              (iii) We allow feral hog to be taken during any refuge hunt. There is no limit on the size or number of feral hogs that hunters may take.

              (iv) There is a two deer limit per hunt, as specified at paragraph (m)(3)(vi) of this section, except during the youth hunt, when the limit is as specified at paragraph (m)(3)(vii) of this section. The limit for turkey is one per hunt.
              (v) We prohibit the use of deer decoys.
              (vi) The bag limit for white-tailed deer is two deer per hunt, either two antlerless deer or one antlerless deer and one antlered deer. State regulations define antlerless deer as deer with no antler or antlers less than 5 inches (12.75 centimeters). Antlered deer must have at least three points, 1 inch (2.5 centimeters) or greater on one antler, to be harvested.
              (vii) There is one youth white-tailed deer hunt and one youth turkey hunt for youth ages 12 to 17. During these hunts, only the youth hunter may handle or discharge firearms used for hunting. An adult age 21 or older must accompany and remain in sight and normal voice contact of each youth hunter. There is no limit on the number of hogs a youth hunter may harvest during these hunts.
              (A) Youth white-tailed deer hunt harvest limits. (1) Youth hunters age 12 to 15 may harvest two deer, either two antlerless deer or one antlerless and one antlered. State regulations define antlerless deer as deer with no antler or antlers less than 5 inches (12.75 centimeters). There are no restrictions on antler size for youth hunters age 12 to 15.
              (2) Youth hunters age 16 or 17 may harvest two deer, either two antlerless or one antlerless and one antlered. State regulations define antlerless deer as deer with no antler or antlers less than 5 inches (12.75 centimeters). Antlered deer must have at least two points, 1 inch (2.5 centimeters) or greater on one antler, to be harvested by youth hunters age 16 or 17.
              (B) Youth turkey hunt harvest limit. The limit is one bearded turkey per youth hunter.
              (viii) Mobility-impaired hunters may have an assistant accompany them. You may transfer permits (State-issued permit) issued to assistants. We limit those hunt teams to harvesting white-tailed deer and feral hog within the limits provided at paragraph (m)(3)(vi) of this section.
              (ix) You may harvest one bearded turkey per hunt. You may only use shotguns or archery equipment, including crossbows, to harvest turkey. We prohibit hunting after 1 p.m.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit taking blue crabs from impounded water on the St. Marks Unit.
              (ii) We only allow fishing in refuge lakes, ponds, and impoundments from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 1/2 hour after legal sunset.
              (iii) We allow fishing in tidal and coastal waters 24 hours per day year-round.
              (iv) We prohibit taking of frogs or turtles (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (v) We prohibit use of cast nets or traps to take fish from any lake, pond, or impoundment on the refuge.
              (vi) You must attend all fishing equipment.
              (vii) We prohibit bow fishing on refuge lakes, ponds, and impoundments.
              (viii) The interior ponds and lakes on the Panacea Unit are open year-round for bank fishing. We open vehicle access to these areas from March 15 through May 15 each year. Ponds and lakes that anglers access from County Road 372 are open year-round for fishing and boating.
              (n) St. Vincent National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(2) [Reserved]
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, sambar deer, raccoon, and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require refuge permits (hunters apply through State for license, and the State charges a fee). The permits are nontransferable, and the hunter must possess them while hunting. Only signed permits are valid. We only allow people with a signed refuge hunt permit or the helpers of mobility-impaired hunters on the island during the hunt periods.

              (ii) We authorize three refuge hunts: Sambar deer, white-tailed deer archery, and white-tailed deer muzzleloader. During the sambar deer hunt, only sambar deer, feral hog, and raccoon can be harvested. During the white-tailed deer hunts, only white-tailed deer, feral hog, and raccoon can be harvested.
              (iii) We restrict access to St. Vincent Island to the Indian Pass and West Pass campsites. The hunt brochure lists check-in and check-out procedures. We restrict access to the hunt areas to foot or bicycle travel.
              (iv) Hunt hours are 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until 3 p.m. for the sambar deer hunt.
              (v) You may set up tree stands only after you check in, and you must remove them from the island at the end of the hunt (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (vi) You may retrieve game from the closed areas only if accompanied by a refuge staff member or a Federal Wildlife Officer.
              (vii) We limit weapons to primitive weapons (bow and arrow, muzzleloader, and crossbow) on the primitive weapons sambar deer hunt and the primitive weapons white-tailed deer hunt. We limit the archery hunt to bow and arrow, and crossbow. You may take feral hog and raccoon only with the weapons allowed for that period.
              (viii) We allow only stand, still, and stalk hunting. We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a “deer drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.
              (ix) You may only discharge muzzleloaders at the designated discharge area between 5 a.m. and 9 p.m.
              (x) Hunters must check out at the check station prior to leaving the refuge at the end of their hunt. A refuge staff member or volunteer must check the campsites before the hunters leave the refuge.
              (xi) Bag limits are:
              (A) Muzzleloader weapons sambar deer hunt. One sambar deer of either sex; no limit on feral hog or raccoon.
              (B) Archery hunt. One white-tailed deer of either sex. Antlered deer must have at least two points, 1 inch (2.5 centimeters) or more on one antler, to be harvested. State regulations define antlerless deer as deer with no antler or antlers less than 5 inches (12.75 centimeters). Youth age 15 or younger may harvest any deer except spotted fawn. We prohibit harvesting of spotted fawns. There is no limit on feral hog or raccoon.
              (C) Muzzleloader weapons white-tailed deer hunt. One white-tailed deer. Antlered deer must have at least two points, 1 inch (2.5 centimeters) or more in length on one antler, to be harvested. We issue a limited number of either-sex tags. If you have an either-sex tag, the bag limit is one deer that may be antlerless or antlered with legal antler configuration. State regulations define antlerless deer as deer with no antler or antlers less than 5 inches (12.75 centimeters). Youth age 15 or younger may harvest any deer except spotted fawn. We prohibit harvesting of spotted fawns. There is no limit on feral hog or raccoon.
              (xii) We prohibit bringing live game into the check station.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You may fish from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 1/2 hour after legal sunset year-round.
              (ii) We prohibit the use of live minnows as bait.
              (iii) We allow the use of only rods and reels or poles and lines in refuge lakes. Anglers must attend their fishing equipment at all times.
              (iv) We prohibit the taking of frog and/or turtle (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (o) Ten Thousand Islands National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck and coot on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow hunting each day during the early wood duck/teal season.
              (ii) We allow hunting only on Wednesdays, Saturdays, Sundays, and Federal holidays that fall within the State's waterfowl season, including Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New Year's Day.
              (iii) Hunters must possess and carry a valid, signed refuge permit (signed brochure) at all times while hunting on the refuge.

              (iv) We allow hunting from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until 12 p.m. (noon). Hunters may enter the refuge no earlier than 4 a.m. and must remove all decoys, guns, blinds, and other related equipment by 1 p.m. each day (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (v) We prohibit hunting within 100 yards (90 meters) of the south edge of U.S. 41 and the area posted around Marsh Trail extending south from U.S. 41.
              (vi) We allow the use of dogs for waterfowl retrieval and prehunt scouting.
              (2)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing and crabbing on the refuge on designated areas subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow fishing in the freshwater and brackish marsh area of the refuge year-round from legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (ii) We prohibit the taking of snake, turtle, frog, and other wildlife in the freshwater and brackish marsh area of the refuge (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (iii) We prohibit the use of trotlines, gigs, spears, bush hooks, and snatch hooks in the freshwater and brackish marsh area of the refuge.
              (iv) Anglers and crabbers must attend their lines at all times.
              [84 FR 47675, Sept. 10, 2019, as amended at 85 FR 54107, Aug. 31, 2020]

              § 32.29
              Georgia.
              The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
              (a) Banks Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(2)[Reserved]
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow alligator hunting on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We only allow alligator hunting during the first two weekends (from legal sunset Friday through legal sunrise Monday) of the State alligator season.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow the use of only pole and line or rod and reel, which the angler must attend at all times.
              (ii) We allow sport fishing after legal sunset.
              (iii) We permit fishing tournaments by Special Use Permit (General Activities Special Use Permit Application, FWS Form 3-1383-G) issued by the refuge manager.
              (b) Blackbeard Island National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(2) [Reserved]
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require a refuge hunt permit (electronic form) for all hunters age 16 and older. Hunters must sign the permit and carry it with them at all times when hunting.
              (ii) Hunters must check-in no more than 1 day in advance of the opening day of each hunt. We prohibit check-in after legal sunset of the second hunt day.
              (iii) Each hunter may place one stand on the refuge no earlier than 1 month prior to the opening day of each hunt, but must remove the stand by the end of each hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (iv) Hunters must check-in at the refuge dock prior to setting up camp. We require personal identification at check-in.
              (v) Only hunters may camp at the designated camping area during refuge hunts.
              (vi) For hunting, we allow only bows as governed by State regulations.
              (vii) Hunters may take five deer (no more than two antlered), and we will issue State bonus tags for two of these. There is no bag limit on feral hog.
              (viii) Refuge personnel must check deer harvested during the scheduled hunt before hunters may remove them from the refuge.
              (ix) Hunters must be off the island by 12 p.m. (noon) on Sunday.
              (x) We allow mooring of boats to the government dock only for loading and unloading purposes.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow saltwater fishing year-round in the estuarine waters adjacent to the refuge.
              (ii) We allow bank/beach saltwater fishing into estuarine waters only from legal sunrise to legal sunset except during managed hunts.
              (c) Bond Swamp National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of waterfowl on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You must possess and carry a signed refuge hunt permit (signed brochure) and an additional refuge quota hunt permit for the quota hunts while hunting.
              (ii) We allow the incidental take of feral hog with legal weapons during open season.
              (iii) We require hunters to report all harvested game at the check station before leaving the refuge (see hunting brochure).
              (iv) We allow access to the hunt area from 2 hours before legal sunrise until 2 hours after legal sunset.
              (v) We allow the use of dogs for retrieving downed waterfowl during waterfowl hunts.
              (vi) We prohibit hunting within 50 yards (45 meters (m)) of a road open to vehicle travel or within 200 yards (180 m) of a building.
              (vii) We prohibit entry into the designated hunt area by nonhunters during all quota deer-gun and waterfowl hunts.
              (viii) We prohibit removal of live hogs from the refuge.
              (ix) We prohibit organized drives. We define a “drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause game to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the game.
              (x) Youth hunters age 15 and younger must remain within sight and normal voice contact of an adult age 21 or older possessing a valid hunting license.
              (xi) We prohibit all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) on the refuge except by wheelchair-bound hunters with a refuge Special Use Permit (General Activities—Special Use Permit Application, FWS Form 3-1383-G).
              (xii) We prohibit leaving vehicles, boats, trailers, or decoys on the refuge overnight (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (xiii) We prohibit the possession or use of any suppressors or silencers on any firearm.
              (xiv) We prohibit the possession or use of any trail or game camera or leaving any other hunting-related electronic device on the refuge.
              (xv) We prohibit the possession or use of any night vision or thermal imaging equipment.
              (xvi) We prohibit the possession or use of any electronic calls.
              (xvii) We prohibit falconry.
              (xviii) You may only place temporary blinds, blind material, and/or decoys on the day of the hunt, and you must remove them by 1:00 p.m. on that same day.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, rabbit, and quail on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(ii) through (iv), (vi), and (viii) through (xvii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We require you to possess and carry a signed refuge hunt permit (signed brochure) while hunting for upland game. The hunt brochure will serve as your hunt permit.
              (iii) We require each small game hunter to wear at least 500 square inches (3,250 square centimeters) of hunter orange as an outer garment above the waist during small game hunts.
              (iv) We allow the use of dogs when hunting for squirrel, rabbit, and quail.
              (v) You may place tree stands and hunting blinds during upland game and big game hunts on the day prior to each upland game and big game hunt. You must remove tree stands and hunting blinds by 11 a.m. on the day after the hunt.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting for white-tailed deer, feral hog, and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (iv), (vi) through (ix), and (xi) through (xvii) and (c)(2)(v) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit the use of buckshot.
              (iii) We prohibit the use of dogs during deer and feral hog hunts.
              (iv) We require each deer and feral hog hunter to wear at least 500 square inches (3,250 square centimeters) of hunter orange as an outer garment above the waist during hunts.

              (v) Youth hunters age 15 and younger must remain within sight and normal voice contact of an adult age 21 or older possessing a valid hunting license. One adult may supervise no more than one youth hunter.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow fishing from March 1 to October 31, except on the Ocmulgee River, which is open to fishing year-round.
              (ii) We allow access to the refuge and fishing only from legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (iii) We only allow fishing with pole and line or rod and reel.
              (iv) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(xi) and (xii) of this section apply.
              (v) We prohibit use or possession of alcoholic beverages while fishing on the refuge.
              (vi) We require you to possess and carry a signed refuge fishing permit (signed brochure) while fishing.
              (vii) Youth anglers age 15 and younger must remain within sight and normal voice contact of an adult age 21 or older who possesses a valid fishing license.
              (d) Eufaula National Wildlife Refuge. Refer to § 32.20(d) for regulations.
              (e) Harris Neck National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(2) [Reserved]
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require a refuge hunt permit (electronic form) for all hunters age 16 and older. Hunters must sign the permit and carry it with them at all times when hunting.
              (ii) Each hunter may place one stand on the refuge during the week preceding each hunt, but you must remove stands by the end of each hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (iii) We prohibit hunting within 100 yards (91.4 meters) of Harris Neck Road, the refuge entrance drive, Visitor Contact Station/Office, Barbour River Landing, Barbour River Road, or Gould's Cemetery.
              (iv) We require hunters to check-in and check-out each hunt day. We require personal identification to check-in and check-out.
              (v) We require hunters to check all harvested game at the check station before leaving the refuge each day.
              (vi) Hunters may take five deer (no more than two antlered), and we will issue State bonus tags for two of these. There is no bag limit for feral hog.
              (vii) During the gun hunt, we allow only shotguns (20 gauge or larger; slugs only), muzzleloaders, and bows as governed by State regulations.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow saltwater fishing year-round in the estuarine waters adjacent to the refuge.
              (ii) We allow bank fishing into estuarine waters only from legal sunrise to legal sunset except during managed hunts.
              (iii) We prohibit freshwater fishing.
              (f) Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow the hunting of rabbit, squirrel, and bobwhite quail on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We allow the use of dogs only to locate, point, and retrieve during quail hunts.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of turkey and white-tailed deer, and feral hog as incidental take, on designated areas subject to the following conditions:
              (i) In the Pocket Unit:
              (A) We only allow archery hunting and foot traffic.
              (B) Hunters must sign in and out each hunt day and record harvest each day.
              (ii) In the Suwannee Canal Recreation Area:
              (A) We allow only shotguns or muzzleloaders.
              (B) We require a refuge permit (Big/Upland Game Hunt Application, FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) obtained through refuge lottery.
              (C) Hunters must sign in and out each day and record harvest each day.
              (D) You must tag your deer with special refuge tags.
              (E) Harvest limit is two deer of either sex per day.

              (F) We zone Chesser Island Hunt area to accommodate mobility-impaired and youth hunters. Only mobility-impaired hunters may use all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) and vehicles on firebreaks and unpaved roads.
              (iii) In the Cowhouse Unit, State of Georgia's Dixon Memorial Wildlife Management Area rules, regulations, dates, and times apply.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit possession of live bait fish.
              (ii) We allow the use of only pole and line or rod and reel as methods of take.
              (g) Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of quail, squirrel, rabbit, raccoon, and opossum on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit upland game hunting during refuge deer or turkey hunts.
              (ii) You must possess and carry a signed refuge hunt permit (signed brochure) while hunting.
              (iii) We require a signed refuge hunt permit (signed brochure) to hunt on the Hitchiti Experimental Forest.
              (iv) We allow access to the hunt area from 2 hours before legal sunrise until 2 hours after legal sunset.
              (v) We allow hunting for raccoon and opossum from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. on the days listed as open in the refuge hunt brochure.
              (vi) We only allow .22 caliber or smaller rimfire firearms for raccoon and opossum hunting.
              (vii) We allow the use of dogs on designated areas of the refuge for hunting quail, squirrel, rabbit, raccoon, and opossum.
              (viii) We prohibit possession or use of any suppressors or silencer on any firearms.
              (ix) We prohibit possession or use of trail or game cameras or leaving any other hunting-related electronic device on the refuge.
              (x) We prohibit possession or use of any night vision or thermal imaging equipment.
              (xi) We prohibit possession or use of any electronic calls.
              (xii) We prohibit falconry.
              (xiii) Youth hunters age 15 and younger must remain within sight and normal voice contact of an adult age 21 or older who possesses a valid hunting license.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting for white-tailed deer, turkey, and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (g)(2)(iii), (iv), and (viii) through (xi) of this section apply.
              (ii) You must possess and carry a signed refuge hunt permit (signed brochure), and possess and carry an additional refuge quota hunt permit (requires contact information only) for the quota hunts, while hunting.
              (iii) We prohibit buckshot.
              (iv) We prohibit hunting within 50 yards (45 meters (m)) of a road open to vehicle travel or within 200 yards (180 m) of a building.
              (v) You must bring any deer, turkey, or hog you harvest to the refuge check station intact, except entrails, the day you kill them and before you leave the refuge. We prohibit possession of dressed deer, turkey, or hog unless you have checked them at the refuge check station.
              (vi) We prohibit all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) on the refuge except by wheelchair-bound hunters with a special use permit (General Activities—Special Use Permit Application, FWS Form 3-1383-G).
              (vii) We prohibit dogs for hunting big game.
              (viii) We prohibit organized drives. We define a “drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause game to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the game.
              (ix) Youth hunters age 15 and younger must remain within sight and normal voice contact of an adult age 21 or older who possesses a valid hunting license. One adult may supervise no more than one youth hunter.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow fishing from March 15 to September 30.

              (ii) We allow access to the refuge and fishing from only legal sunrise to legal sunset.

              (iii) You may keep the following numbers of fish each day: Bass—5, channel catfish—5, sunfish or bream—15, and crappie—15.
              (iv) We allow nonmotorized boats or boats with electric motors on all ponds designated as open to fishing.
              (v) We prohibit use or possession of alcoholic beverages while fishing on the refuge.
              (vi) We allow fishing only with pole and line or rod and reel.
              (vii) We prohibit leaving boats or other personal equipment on the refuge overnight (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (viii) We prohibit the use of fish for bait and the possession of minnows.
              (ix) We prohibit possession or take of grass carp. You must immediately release any grass carp caught.
              (x) We require you to possess and carry a signed refuge fishing permit (signed brochure) while fishing.
              (xi) Youth anglers age 15 and younger must remain within sight and normal voice contact of an adult age 21 or older who possesses a valid fishing license.
              (h) Savannah National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of waterfowl and mourning dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) All hunters age 16 and older must possess and carry a signed refuge hunt permit (requires contact information only).
              (ii) To participate in the quota youth waterfowl hunt, youth hunters must submit the Waterfowl Lottery Application (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System).
              (iii) You may take feral hog and coyote during all refuge hunts (migratory bird, upland, and big game) with weapons authorized and legal for those hunts.
              (iv) We allow the incidental take of armadillo, beaver, opossum, and raccoon during all refuge hunts (migratory bird, upland, and big game) with firearms and other equipment authorized for use on refuge lands in Georgia only.
              (v) We allow the use of dogs for retrieving migratory birds.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel and rabbit on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (h)(1)(i), (iii), and (iv) of this section apply.
              (ii) You may not hunt on or within 100 yards (90 meters) of public roads, refuge facilities, roads and trails, and railroad rights-of-way, or in closed areas.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, turkey, alligator, feral hog, and coyote on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (h)(1)(i), (iii), and (iv) of this section apply.
              (ii) To participate in the quota gun hunt for wheelchair-dependent hunters, hunters must submit the Quota Deer Hunt Application (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System). To participate in the quota youth turkey hunt and learn weekend, youth hunters must submit the Big/Upland Game Hunt Application (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System).
              (iii) You may only use bows, as governed by State regulations, for deer, feral hog, and coyote hunting during the archery hunt for these species.
              (iv) You may only use shotguns (20 gauge or larger, slugs only), centerfire rifles, centerfire pistols, muzzleloaders, and bows, as governed by State regulations, for deer, feral hog, and coyote hunting during the firearm hunts for these species.
              (v) Hunters may take as many as five deer (no more than two antlered). There is no bag limit on feral hog or coyote.
              (vi) We allow only shotguns with approved nontoxic #2 shot or smaller, and bows, as governed by State regulations, for turkey hunting. We prohibit the use of slugs or buckshot for turkey hunting.
              (vii) We prohibit catch-and-release of alligators.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) Anglers may fish in refuge impoundments and canals from March 1 through November 30 annually.

              (ii) Anglers may fish in Kingfisher Pond and all tidal creeks year-round.
              (iii) We allow fishing from legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (iv) Anglers may bank fish year-round throughout the refuge, unless otherwise posted.
              (v) Anglers may only use nonmotorized boats and boats with electric motors within impounded waters.
              (i) Wassaw National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(2) [Reserved]
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require a refuge hunt permit for all hunters age 16 and older. Hunters must sign the permit and carry it with them at all times when hunting.
              (ii) Refuge personnel must check deer harvested during scheduled hunts before hunters leave the refuge.
              (iii) Hunters may take five deer (no more than two antlered), and we will issue State bonus tags for two of these. There is no bag limit on feral hog.
              (iv) We prohibit the use of buckshot.
              (v) We allow mooring of boats to the government dock only for loading or unloading purposes.
              (vi) Hunters must check-in at the refuge dock prior to setting up camp. We require personal identification at check-in.
              (vii) We allow only hunters to camp at the designated camping area while participating in refuge hunts.
              (viii) Each hunter may place one stand on the refuge no earlier than 1 month prior to the opening day of each hunt, but you must remove all stands by the end of each hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (ix) Hunters must be off the island by 12 p.m. (noon) the day following the last day of the hunt.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow saltwater fishing year-round in the estuarine waters adjacent to the refuge.
              (ii) We allow bank/beach fishing into estuarine waters only from legal sunrise to legal sunset except during managed hunts.
              (iii) We prohibit freshwater fishing.
              (j) Wolf Island National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions: We allow saltwater fishing year-round in the estuarine waters adjacent to the refuge.
              [84 FR 47675, Sept. 10, 2019, as amended at 85 FR 54109, Aug. 31, 2020]

              § 32.30
              Hawaii.
              The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
              (a) Hanalei National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge.
              (b) Kakahaia National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow saltwater fishing on designated areas of the refuge.
              (c) Kilauea Point National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow saltwater fishing on designated areas of the refuge.

              § 32.31
              Idaho.
              The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
              (a) Bear Lake National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, coot, and snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow boats, except air thrust boats, after September 20 within the designated refuge hunting areas, for the purposes of hunting.

              (ii) You may only use portable blinds or construct temporary blinds of natural vegetation. Blinds will be available for general use on a first-come, first-served basis. You must remove portable blinds, decoys, boats, and other personal property from the refuge at the end of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).

              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of pheasant, grouse, partridge, and cottontail rabbit on designated areas of the refuge.
              (3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We prohibit use and possession of lead weights or sinkers.
              (b) Camas National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, coot, and snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow hunters to access the refuge 1 hour before legal shooting time.
              (ii) You may only use portable blinds or construct temporary blinds of natural vegetation. Blinds will be available for general use on a first-come, first-served basis. You must remove portable blinds, decoys, and other personal property at the end of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of pheasant, grouse, and partridge on designated areas of the refuge.
              (3)-(4) [Reserved]
              (c) Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, coot, common snipe, and dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Hunters in the South Side Recreation Area may use float tubes, nonmotorized boats, or boats equipped with electric motors within 200 yards (180 meters) of the shoreline. We prohibit the use or possession of gas-powered motors.
              (ii) You must remove boats, decoys, blinds, other personal property, and any materials brought onto the refuge for blind construction at the end of each day (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (iii) Hunters may enter the refuge 1 hour before official shooting hours (1/2 hour before legal sunrise), and remain on the refuge until 1 hour after official shooting hours (legal sunset).
              (iv) We allow the use of dogs for hunting.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of pheasant, quail, and partridge on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The condition set forth at paragraph (c)(1)(iv) of this section applies.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You must obtain a refuge-specific hunting permit (signed brochure) to hunt deer on the Lake Lowell Unit. Hunters must sign and carry the permit in the field while hunting.
              (ii) Hunters may place up to two portable deer stands in the Lake Lowell Unit. Hunters must place stands/platforms by hand. Hunters may place stands/platforms on the refuge no earlier than the beginning date of the assigned hunt permit and must remove them no later than the ending date of the hunt permit. Each stand must display the hunter's hunting license number so that it is legible from the ground.
              (iii) In the Lake Lowell Unit, you may only shoot deer while hunting from an elevated tree stand/platform. We prohibit ground stalking and/or still hunting from the ground. We prohibit shooting a firearm or bow while on the ground, except to kill a downed deer.
              (iv) Hunters may enter the Lake Lowell Unit no earlier than 2 hours before official shooting hours (1/2 hour before legal sunrise) and must leave the area within 2 hours after official shooting hours (1/2 hour after legal sunset). Successful hunters may extend their departure time only as long as is necessary to retrieve dead deer.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) From October 1 through April 14, we allow ice fishing on the Lake Lowell Unit, unless otherwise posted by the Bureau of Reclamation.
              (ii) We allow fishing from nonmotorized boats in designated areas of the Lake Lowell Unit from October 1 through April 14, from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 1/2 hour after legal sunset.
              (iii) From February 1 through June 30, we prohibit fishing from all islands in the Snake River Islands Unit.
              (d) Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, coot, and snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Blinds will be available for general use on a first-come, first-served basis. You must remove portable blinds, decoys, boats, and other personal property from the refuge at the end of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (ii) We allow only hunters and dogs to retrieve game in designated hunting areas.
              (2)-(4) [Reserved]
              (e) Kootenai National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, coot, and snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow hunting only on Tuesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays, and Sundays.
              (ii) We allow the use of dogs when hunting.
              (iii) We prohibit the discharge of firearms in posted retrieval zones and areas closed to hunting.
              (iv) Hunters may access the waterfowl hunt area no earlier than 3 a.m. and must leave no later than 1 hour after legal sunset.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of forest grouse and wild turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You may possess only approved nontoxic shot shells (see § 32.2(k)) while in the field.
              (ii) We allow the use of dogs when hunting forest grouse and for turkey during the fall hunt.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of deer, elk, black bear, moose, and mountain lion on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow hunting of deer at the designated accessible blind for hunters with disabilities subject to the following conditions:
              (A) You must obtain a Special Use Permit (FWS Form 3-1383-G) from the refuge manager to use the accessible blind.
              (B) We only allow deer hunting at the accessible blind using the following weapons: Muzzleloader, archery equipment, crossbow, shotgun, or handgun. For shotguns, you may only use slugs. For handguns, you may only use straight-walled cartridges not originally established for rifles.
              (ii) You may possess only approved nontoxic ammunition for hunting (see § 32.2(k)).
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We allow bank fishing only.
              (f) Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge—(1)(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, coot, snipe, dove, and crow on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow only hunters and dogs to retrieve game in designated hunting areas.
              (ii) You may only use portable blinds or construct temporary blinds of dead natural vegetation. Blinds will be available for general use on a first-come, first-served basis. You must remove portable blinds at the end of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter). We prohibit use of rock piles above the high-water mark for blind construction.
              (iii) On West Hunting Area (Lake Walcott), we allow hunting on the uplands and over water within 100 yards (90 meters) of the shoreline. We allow use of boats only for retrieval of game.
              (iv) On East Hunting Area (Tule Island), we allow boats during the waterfowl hunting season.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of pheasant, grouse, partridge (chukar and gray partridge), cottontail rabbit, and bobcat on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The condition set forth at paragraph (f)(1)(i) of this section applies.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of deer and elk on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: Deer and elk hunters may enter the hunt area from 11/2 hours before legal hunting time to 11/2 hours after legal hunting time.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge.
              [84 FR 47675, Sept. 10, 2019, as amended at 85 FR 54109, Aug. 31, 2020]

              § 32.32
              Illinois.

              The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
              (a) Chautauqua National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of waterfowl on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: Hunters must remove boats, decoys, blinds, and blind materials at the end of each day's hunt (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (2)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing on designated areas of the refuge from legal sunrise to legal sunset subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow fishing on Lake Chautauqua from February 1 through October 15. We prohibit fishing in the waterfowl hunting area during the waterfowl hunting season.
              (ii) We allow bank fishing year-round between the boat ramp and the fishing trail in the North Pool and from Goofy Ridge Public Access to the west gate of the North Pool water control structure.
              (b) Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, coot, woodcock, dove, snipe, rail, and crow on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require a signed hunt brochure. You must carry this signed permit when hunting on the refuge.
              (ii) We prohibit hunting within 50 yards (45 meters (m)) of all designated public use facilities, including, but not limited to, parking areas, picnic areas, campgrounds, marinas, boat ramps, public roads, and established hiking trails listed in the refuge trails brochure.
              (iii) Hunters must remove all boats, decoys, blinds, blind materials, stands, platforms, and other personal equipment brought onto the refuge at the end of each day's hunt (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (iv) Waterfowl hunting blinds must be a minimum of 200 yards (180 m) apart. Hunters must anchor boat blinds on the shore or anchor them a minimum of 200 yards (180 m) away from any shoreline.
              (v) We allow the use of dogs when hunting, provided the dogs are under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of wild turkey, squirrel, rabbit, bobwhite quail, raccoon, opossum, red fox, grey fox, bobcat, woodchuck, striped skunk, pheasant, partridge, and coyote on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (iii) and (v) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit hunters using rifles or handguns with ammunition larger than .22 caliber rimfire, except they may use black powder firearms up to and including .40 caliber.
              (iii) We allow the use of .22 and .17 caliber rimfire lead ammunition for the taking of small game and furbearers during open season.
              (iv) For hunting, you may possess only approved nontoxic shot shells while in the field, including shot shells used for hunting wild turkey (see § 32.2(k)).
              (v) We require all deer and turkey hunters using the restricted use area to check-in at the refuge visitor center prior to hunting.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (iii) and (b)(2)(ii) and (v) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit the use of handguns for the taking of deer in the restricted use area.
              (iii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a “deer drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.
              (iv) We only allow archery equipment when hunting deer in the following areas:
              (A) In the area west of Division Street and east of Blue Heron Marina;
              (B) On all refuge lands north of Illinois State Route 13; and

              (C) In the area north of the Crab Orchard Lake emergency spillway and west of Crab Orchard Lake.

              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) On Crab Orchard Lake west of Wolf Creek Road:
              (A) Anglers may fish from boats all year.
              (B) Anglers must remove all trotlines/jugs from legal sunrise until legal sunset from the Friday immediately prior to Memorial Day through Labor Day.
              (ii) On Crab Orchard Lake east of Wolf Creek Road:
              (A) Anglers may fish from boats March 15 through September 30.
              (B) Anglers may fish all year at the Wolf Creek and Route 148 causeways.
              (iii) On A-41, Bluegill, Managers, Honkers, and Visitors Ponds:
              (A) Anglers may fish only from legal sunrise to legal sunset from March 15 through September 30.
              (B) We prohibit anglers from using boats or flotation devices.
              (iv) Trotlines/jugs:
              (A) We prohibit the use of trotlines/jugs on all refuge waters outside of Crab Orchard Lake.
              (B) We prohibit the use of trotlines/jugs with any flotation device that has previously contained any petroleum-based material or toxic substances.
              (C) Anglers must attach a buoyed device that is visible on the water's surface to all trotlines.
              (v) Anglers may use all legal noncommercial fishing methods, except they may not use any underwater breathing apparatus.
              (vi) Anglers may not submerge any poles or similar objects to take or locate any fish.
              (vii) Organizers of all fishing events must possess a Special Use Permit (FWS Form 3-1383-G or FWS Form 3-1383-C).
              (viii) We prohibit anglers from fishing within 250 yards (225 m) of an occupied waterfowl hunting blind.
              (ix) Specific creel and size limits apply on various refuge waters as listed in the Crab Orchard fishing brochure and the annual Illinois fishing digest.
              (c) Cypress Creek National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, coot, woodcock, rail, dove, crow, and snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You must remove all boats, decoys, blinds, blind materials, stands, and platforms (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter) brought onto the refuge at the end of each day's hunt.
              (ii) We prohibit outboard motors larger than 10 horsepower (hp).
              (iii) We allow the use of dogs while hunting, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, rabbit, bobwhite quail, raccoon, opossum, red fox, gray fox, bobcat, striped skunk, woodchuck, turkey, pheasant, Hungarian partridge, and coyote on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) For hunting, you may use or possess only approved nontoxic shot shells while in the field, including shot shells used for hunting wild turkey (see § 32.2(k)).
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section applies.
              (ii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a “deer drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (c)(1)(ii) of this section applies.
              (ii) Anglers must remove all boats and fishing equipment (see § 27.93 of this chapter) brought onto the refuge at the end of each day's fishing activity.

              (iii) We prohibit the use of trotlines, jugs, yo-yos, nets, or any commercial fishing equipment except in areas where State regulations authorize commercial tackle.

              (iv) We prohibit the use of more than two poles per angler and more than two hooks or lures per pole.
              (v) We prohibit possession of bass smaller than 15 inches (37.5 centimeters) in length from refuge ponds.
              (vi) We prohibit possession of more than six channel catfish from refuge ponds.
              (d) Emiquon National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Hunters must remove boats, decoys, blinds, and blind materials brought onto the refuge at the end of each day's hunt (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (ii) We allow access for hunting from 1 hour before legal shooting time (as governed by State regulations for the species in question) until 1 hour after legal sunset.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow upland game hunting on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The condition set forth at paragraph (d)(1)(ii) of this section applies.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (d)(1)(ii) of this section applies.
              (ii) For hunting, you may use or possess only approved nontoxic shot shells while in the field, including shot shells used for hunting wild turkey (see § 32.2(k)).
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing throughout the year on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow fishing from legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (ii) We prohibit fishing in the waterfowl hunting area during the waterfowl hunting season.
              (e) Great River National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: On the Long Island Division, we allow hunting only from blinds constructed on sites posted by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of small game, furbearers, and game birds on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We open the refuge divisions for upland game hunting from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 1/2 hour after legal sunset.
              (ii) On the Cherry Box and Hickory Creek Units, we allow hunting with shotgun only during the Statewide upland game season.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) For wild turkey hunting, you may use or possess only approved nontoxic shot shells while in the field (see § 32.2(k)).
              (ii) We allow only portable tree stands from September 1 through January 31 of each year. You must permanently attach your State-generated hunter identification number in a visible location on the stand. We allow only one tree stand per hunter.
              (iii) On the Fox Island Division, Slim Island Division, Cherry Box Division, and Hickory Creek Division, we only allow archery deer hunting during the Statewide archery season. We prohibit archery hunting during the State firearm season.
              (iv) On the Delair Division, we only allow deer hunting during special managed hunts. You must possess and carry a refuge permit (hunt letter) when hunting during special managed hunts.
              (v) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a “deer drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) We prohibit the taking of any mussel (clam), crayfish, frog, leech, and turtle species by any method on the refuge (see § 27.21 of this chapter).

              (ii) On the Fox Island Division, we only allow bank fishing along any portion of the Fox River from January 1 through October 15.
              (f) Hackmatack National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: You must remove all boats, decoys, blinds, blind materials, stands, and platforms (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter) brought onto the refuge at the end of each day's hunt.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow upland game and turkey hunting on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) For hunting, you may use or possess only approved nontoxic shot shells while in the field, including shot shells used for hunting wild turkey (see § 32.2(k)).
              (ii) You must remove all boats, decoys, blinds, blind materials, stands, and platforms (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter) brought onto the refuge at the end of each day's hunt.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow big game hunting on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: You must remove all boats, decoys, blinds, blind materials, stands, and platforms (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter) brought onto the refuge at the end of each day's hunt.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We prohibit the taking of turtle and frog (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (g) Kankakee National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of wild turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) For hunting, you may possess only approved nontoxic shot shells while in the field (see § 32.2(k)).
              (ii) You must remove all boats, decoys, blinds, blind materials, stands, platforms, and other hunting equipment (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter) brought onto the refuge at the end of each day's hunt.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The condition set forth at paragraph (g)(2)(ii) of this section applies.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (h) Meredosia National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow sport fishing on all areas open to public access from legal sunrise to legal sunset from February 1 to October 15.
              (ii) We allow access to Meredosia Lake from the boat ramp and allow foot access on refuge land along the east side of the Meredosia Lake in Morgan County from legal sunrise to legal sunset throughout the year.
              (i) Middle Mississippi River National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: You must remove boats, blinds, blind materials, stands, decoys, and other hunting equipment from the refuge at the end of each day (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of small game, furbearers, and game birds on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We open the refuge divisions for upland game hunting from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 1/2 hour after legal sunset.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and wild turkey on designated areas on the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) For wild turkey hunting, you may use or possess only approved nontoxic shot shells while in the field (see § 32.2(k)).
              (ii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a “deer drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.

              (iii) We allow only portable tree stands from September 1 through January 31 of each year. You must permanently attach your State-generated hunter identification number in a visible location on the stand. We allow only one tree stand per hunter.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit the taking of any mussel (clam), crayfish, frog, leech, and turtle species by any method on the refuge (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (ii) We allow fishing only from legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (iii) You must remove all fishing devices at the end of each day's fishing activity (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (j) Port Louisa National Wildlife Refuge. Refer to § 32.34(f) for regulations.
              (k) Two Rivers National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Hunters must remove boats, decoys, blinds, blind materials, stands, and platforms brought onto the refuge at the end of each day's hunt (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (ii) We allow the use of dogs while hunting, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow upland game hunting for wild turkey, small game, furbearers, and nonmigratory game birds on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (k)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section apply.
              (ii) For hunting, you may use or possess only approved nontoxic shot shells while in the field, including shot shells used for hunting wild turkey (see § 32.2(k)).
              (iii) We prohibit hunters using rifles or handguns with ammunition larger than .22 caliber rimfire, except they may use black powder firearms up to and including .50 caliber.
              (iv) We allow the use of .22 and .17 caliber rimfire lead ammunition for the taking of small game and furbearers during open season.
              (v) We allow hunting from legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (k)(1)(i) of this section applies.
              (ii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a “deer drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit the taking of turtle or frog (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (ii) We allow fishing only from legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (iii) Anglers must remove boats and all other fishing devices at the end of each day's fishing activity (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (l) Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge. Refer to § 32.42(r) for regulations.
              [84 FR 47675, Sept. 10, 2019, as amended at 85 FR 54110, Aug. 31, 2020]

              § 32.33
              Indiana.
              The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
              (a) Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require a signed acknowledgment of danger agreement and a refuge hunt permit.
              (ii) Hunters must possess a valid daily gate pass at all times.
              (iii) We allow the use of dogs for hunting only during the squirrel hunting season in the day use area, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times. You must ensure that all hunting dogs wear a collar displaying the owner's contact information.

              (iv) You must hunt only in assigned areas. We prohibit trespass into an unassigned hunt area.

              (v) We require that all hunters check all harvested game taken on the refuge at the refuge check station.
              (vi) We require all refuge hunters to hunt with a partner. We require hunting partners to know the location of their partner while hunting. An adult, age 18 or older, must directly supervise youth hunters age 17 and younger.
              (vii) Hunters must possess and carry a compass while hunting on the refuge.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(2)(i), (ii), and (iv) through (vii) of this section apply.
              (ii) You may possess only approved nontoxic shot while in the field (see § 32.2(k)).
              (iii) We allow the use of portable hunting stands and blinds.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing on the Old Timbers Lake subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require a signed acknowledgment of danger agreement and a refuge access permit.
              (ii) Anglers must possess a valid daily gate pass at all times.
              (iii) We allow fishing only with a rod and reel or pole and line.
              (iv) We prohibit the use of trotlines.
              (v) We prohibit retaining black bass, largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, and spotted bass between 12 and 15 inches (30 and 37.5 centimeters).
              (b) Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, coot, merganser, woodcock, and dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You must remove all boats, decoys, blinds, blind materials, stands, and platforms brought onto the refuge at the end of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (ii) We allow the use of dogs when hunting, provided the dogs are under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (iii) We prohibit hunting and the discharge of a firearm within 100 yards (30 meters) of any dwelling or any other building that people, pets, or livestock may occupy.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of turkey, quail, squirrel, raccoon, opossum, coyote, fox, skunk, and rabbit on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) For hunting, you may use or possess only approved nontoxic shot shells while in the field, including shot shells used for hunting wild turkey (see § 32.2(k)).
              (ii) We allow the use of rimfire weapons for upland/small game hunting.
              (iii) We prohibit the use of centerfire rifles for any hunts on refuge property.
              (iv) During spring turkey hunting, hunters must possess a State-issued hunting permit during the first 6 days of the season.
              (v) We prohibit turkey hunting after 1 p.m. each day.
              (vi) We allow the incidental take of coyote only during other refuge hunting seasons.
              (vii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section apply.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (iii) and (b)(2)(i) through (iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a “deer drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.
              (iii) We prohibit the use or possession of tree spikes, plastic flagging, and reflective tacks.
              (iv) We prohibit firearms deer hunting during the State deer firearm season (archery and muzzleloader only).
              (v) We close archery deer hunting during the State muzzleloader season.
              (vi) We prohibit the possession of game trail cameras on the refuge.
              (vii) We require you to remove arrows from crossbows during transport in a vehicle.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) We prohibit the use of any type of motor.
              (ii) We allow the use of kayaks, canoes, belly boats, or float tubes in all designated fishing areas.
              (iii) We allow fishing only with rod and reel, or pole and line.
              (iv) We prohibit harvest of frog and turtle (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (v) We prohibit the use of lead fishing tackle.
              (vi) We allow only youth age 15 and younger to fish in the Discovery Pond.
              (c) Patoka River National Wildlife Refuge and Management Area—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, merganser, coot, woodcock, dove, snipe, rail, and crow on designated areas of the refuge and the White River Wildlife Management Area subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You must remove all boats, decoys, blinds, and blind materials after each day's hunt (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (ii) We prohibit hunting and the discharge of a weapon within 150 yards (137 meters) of any dwelling or any building that may be occupied by people, pets, or livestock.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of bobwhite quail, pheasant, cottontail rabbit, squirrel (gray and fox), red and gray fox, coyote, opossum, striped skunk, and raccoon subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow the use of dogs for hunting, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (ii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section apply.
              (iii) You may only use or possess approved nontoxic shot shells (see § 32.2(k)) while in the field.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and wild turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (c)(2)(iii) applies while turkey hunting.
              (ii) On the Columbia Mine Unit, you may only hunt white-tailed deer during the first week (7 days) of the following seasons, as governed by the State: archery, firearms, and muzzleloader.
              (iii) On the Columbia Mine Unit, you may leave portable tree stands overnight only when the unit is open to hunting and for a 2-day grace period before and after the special season.
              (iv) On the Columbia Mine Unit, if you use a rifle to hunt, you may use only rifles allowed by State regulations for hunting on public land.
              (v) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section apply.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow fishing from legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (ii) We allow fishing only with rod and reel, pole and line, bow and arrow, or crossbow.
              (iii) The minimum size limit for largemouth bass on Snakey Point Marsh and on the Columbia Mine Unit is 14 inches (35.6 centimeters).
              (iv) We prohibit the taking of any turtle, frog, leech, minnow, crayfish, and mussel (clam) species by any method on the refuge (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (v) You must remove boats at the end of each day's fishing activity (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              [84 FR 47675, Sept. 10, 2019, as amended at 85 FR 54110, Aug. 31, 2020]

              § 32.34
              Iowa.
              The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
              (a) De Soto National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow youth hunting of ring-necked pheasant on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The refuge will annually determine hunting seasons, dates, and designated areas, and publish them in the refuge brochure.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and wild turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) The refuge manager will annually determine and publish hunting seasons and dates, and will include them in the refuge access permit (signed brochure).
              (ii) You must possess and carry a refuge access permit (signed brochure) at all times while in the hunting area. Hunters may enter the hunting areas only within the dates listed on the refuge access permit (signed brochure).
              (iii) Hunters with a valid Iowa or Nebraska resident hunting permit may access all areas open to hunting. Reciprocity exists, with both States allowing hunters with either resident permit to access refuge hunting land in either State.
              (iv) Hunters holding nonresident Nebraska or nonresident Iowa permits may hunt only on the ground that lies within the State that issued the nonresident permit.
              (v) We allow hunters in the designated area from 2 hours before legal sunrise until 2 hours after legal sunset.
              (vi) We prohibit the use of a crossbow as archery equipment unless the hunter has obtained a State-issued disability crossbow permit.
              (vii) All hunters must be in possession of a valid entrance fee permit.
              (viii) Hunters must remove hunting blinds or stands and other property by the close of the season (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (ix) We prohibit shooting on or over any refuge road open to vehicle traffic within 30 feet (9 meters (m)) of the centerline.
              (x) We prohibit field dressing of any big game within 100 feet (30 m) of the centerline of any refuge road.
              (xi) We prohibit organized drives. We define a “drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause game to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the game.
              (xii) We allow two portable tree stands/blinds per hunter within the hunt area. Of those, only one stand/blind can be left on the refuge from 1 week prior to the start of the designated hunt season to 1 week after the end of the designated hunt season.
              (xiii) Unattended stands and blinds must be plainly labeled with the full name and/or hunting license number of the owner. Labels must be visible from ground level.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow ice fishing in DeSoto Lake from January 2 through the end of February.
              (ii) We allow the use of pole and line or rod and reel fishing in DeSoto Lake from April 15 through October 14.
              (iii) We allow the use of archery and spear fishing for nongame fish only from April 15 through October 14.
              (iv) When the lake is open to ice fishing, we prohibit motor- or wind-driven conveyances on the lake.
              (v) We allow the use of portable ice fishing shelters on a daily basis from January 2 through the end of February.
              (vi) Anglers may use no more than two lines and two hooks per line, including ice fishing.
              (vii) We prohibit the use of trotlines, float lines, bank lines, or setlines.
              (viii) Anglers must adhere to minimum length and creel limits as posted.
              (ix) We prohibit anglers leaving any personal property, litter, fish, or fish parts on the banks, in the water, or on the ice (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (x) We prohibit digging or seining for bait.
              (xi) We prohibit take or possession of turtle or frog at any time (see §§ 27.21 of this chapter).
              (xii) We allow anglers on the refuge from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 1/2 hour after legal sunset.
              (b) Driftless Area National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of upland game on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: In areas open to hunting, we allow hunting beginning November 1 until the close of State hunting seasons or January 15, whichever occurs first.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) In areas open to hunting, we allow hunting beginning November 1 until the close of State hunting seasons or January 15, whichever occurs first.

              (ii) We allow only archery and muzzleloader hunting.
              (iii) We allow deer drives only during lawful party hunting conducted within the refuge, as governed by State regulations. We prohibit driving deer from or through the refuge to any persons hunting outside the refuge boundary.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge.
              (c) Iowa Wetland Management District—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds throughout the district subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit leaving boats, decoys, or other personal property unattended at any time. You must remove all personal property, which includes boats, decoys, and blinds, brought onto the district at the end of each day (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (ii) We allow the use of dogs while hunting, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow upland game hunting throughout the district subject to the following condition: The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section apply.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow big game hunting throughout the district and subject to the following conditions:
              (i) For wild turkey hunting, you may possess only approved nontoxic shot shells while in the field (see § 32.2(k)).
              (ii) You may leave tree stands in an area for a continuous period of time beginning 7 days prior to the open season for hunting deer and ending 7 days after the final day of that season. You must clearly mark the stand with your Iowa hunting license number.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing throughout the district subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section applies.
              (ii) You must remove all ice fishing shelters and other personal property at the end of each day's fishing (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (d) Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow the hunting of dove, duck, goose, and coot on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow entry into the refuge 1 hour before legal sunrise and require hunters to leave the refuge no later than 1 hour after legal sunset.
              (ii) We prohibit shooting on or over any refuge road within 50 feet (15 meters) from the centerline.
              (iii) You must possess and carry a refuge permit (free brochure available at the refuge visitor center).
              (iv) We allow the use of dogs while hunting, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of ring-necked pheasant, bobwhite quail, pigeon, crow, cottontail rabbit, gray and fox squirrel, and wild turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (d)(1)(i) through (iv) of this section apply.
              (ii) You may only possess approved nontoxic shot (see § 32.2(k)) when turkey hunting.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge and subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (d)(1)(i) through (iv) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow the use of portable stands and blinds for hunting, and hunters must remove them at the end of each day (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (4) [Reserved]
              (e) Northern Tallgrass Prairie National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, merganser, coot, rail (Virginia and sora only), woodcock, snipe, and dove (mourning and Eurasian collared) on designated areas subject to the following conditions:
              (i) For units adjacent to and managed by Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge, you must follow the refuge-specific regulations provided in this paragraph (e).

              (ii) Hunters must remove boats, decoys, portable or temporary blinds, materials brought onto the refuge, and other personal property at the end of each day's hunt (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter). Hunters must dismantle hunting blinds, platforms, and ladders made from natural vegetation at the end of each day.
              (iii) We allow the use of dogs when hunting, except when hunting furbearers, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of wild turkey, ring-necked pheasant, bobwhite quail, gray partridge, cottontail rabbit, squirrel (fox and gray), groundhog, raccoon, opossum, fox (red and gray), coyote, badger, striped skunk, and crow on designated areas subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Shotgun hunters may possess only approved nontoxic shot when hunting turkey (see § 32.2(k)).
              (ii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (e)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section apply.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow the hunting of deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow the use of temporary stands, blinds, platforms, or ladders.
              (ii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (e)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section apply.
              (iii) We prohibit shooting on, from, over, across, or within 30 feet (9 meters) of a roadway open to public vehicle transportation at a big game animal or a decoy of a big game animal.
              (iii) For all counties with the exception of Jasper, you may leave tree stands in an area for a continuous period of time beginning 7 days prior to the open season for hunting deer and ending 7 days after the final day of that season. You must clearly mark the stand with your Iowa hunting license number.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (e)(1)(ii) of this section applies.
              (ii) We prohibit the taking of any turtle, frog, leech, minnow, crayfish, and mussel (clam) species by any method on the refuge (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (f) Port Louisa National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: You must remove boats, decoys, and portable blinds at the end of each day (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of upland game on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) For wild turkey hunting, you may use or possess only approved nontoxic shot shells (see § 32.2(k)). We allow shotgun slug or muzzleloading rifle for hunting coyotes.
              (ii) We allow only squirrel hunting on the Keithsburg Division from the beginning of the State season through September 15.
              (iii) We allow hunting on the Horseshoe Bend Division from September 1 through September 15, and from December 1 through February 28. We allow spring turkey hunting.
              (iv) We allow hunting on the Big Timber Division from September 1 through February 28. We allow spring turkey hunting.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We allow the use of only portable stands, and you must remove them at the end of each day (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit the taking of turtle or frog (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (ii) We allow fishing only from legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (iii) Anglers must remove boats and all other fishing devices at the end of each day's fishing activity (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (g) Union Slough National Wildlife Refuge—  (1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, coot, rail (Virginia and sora only), woodcock, dove, crow, and snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow hunters on the refuge from 1 hour before legal sunrise until 1 hour after legal sunset.

              (ii) We allow boats or other floating devices when hunting. You may not leave boats unattended.

              (iii) We allow the use of dogs while hunting, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (iv) We prohibit entry into any closed area to retrieve downed game, unless the hunter has received written permission from the refuge manager.
              (v) We prohibit hunting on road rights-of-way on any portion of the refuge not open to hunting. The road right-of-way extends to the center of the road.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of pheasant, gray partridge, cottontail rabbit, squirrel (fox and gray), groundhog, raccoon, opossum, fox, coyote, and skunk on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit possession of shotgun slugs.
              (ii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (g)(1)(i), (ii), (iv), and (v) of this section apply.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of deer and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (g)(1)(i), (ii), (iv), and (v) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow portable tree stands, portable blinds, and freestanding elevated platforms to be left on the refuge from 7 days prior to the first deer hunting season; you must remove them prior to 7 days following the last deer hunting season (see § 27.93 of this chapter). Turkey hunters must remove blinds and stands each day (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (iii) You must label portable tree stands, portable blinds, and freestanding elevated platforms that are left unattended with your hunting license number. The label must be legible from the ground.
              (iv) You must remove any other personal property brought onto the refuge at the end of each day (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (v) We allow deer hunters on the refuge from 1 hour before legal sunrise until 2 hours after legal sunset.

              (vi) Deer hunters may possess only shot shells that shoot a single projectile (i.e., slugs).
              (vii) For wild turkey hunting, you may use or possess only approved nontoxic shot shells while in the field (see § 32.2(k)).
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow fishing from legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (ii) We allow fishing from boats on the Buffalo Creek Bottoms; however, we prohibit the use of gasoline motors.
              (iii) We prohibit the use or possession of lead terminal tackle.
              (h) Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge. Refer to § 32.42(r) for regulations.
              [84 FR 47675, Sept. 10, 2019, as amended at 85 FR 54111, Aug. 31, 2020]

              § 32.35
              Kansas.
              The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
              (a) Flint Hills National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of coot, crow, mourning dove, duck, goose, rail, woodcock, and snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You must remove portable hunting blinds and decoys at the end of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (ii) We only allow rimfire firearms, shotguns, and archery equipment.
              (iii) We prohibit shooting from or over roads and parking areas.
              (iv) We allow the use of dogs when hunting migratory birds.
              (v) We close hunting areas on the north side of the Neosho River to all hunting from November 1 through March 1.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of coyote, pheasant, prairie chicken, quail, rabbit, State-defined furbearers, and squirrel on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) We allow the use of dogs when hunting upland game, except that we prohibit the use of dogs when hunting coyotes and furbearers.

              (ii) Shooting hours for upland game species are 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until legal sunset.
              (iii) We prohibit the harvest of beaver and otter.
              (iv) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(ii) and (iii) of this section apply.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You may possess only approved nontoxic shot for turkey hunting (see § 32.2(k)).
              (ii) We allow one portable blind or stand per hunter. You may place a stand on the refuge no more than 14 days prior to the season, and you must remove it within 14 days of the close of the season. You must remove a portable blind at the end of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter). You must label any portable blind or stand with the owner's name and Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism (KDWPT) number. Labels must be clearly visible from the ground.
              (iii) We prohibit the use of dogs when hunting turkey.
              (iv) The condition set forth at paragraph (a)(1)(iii) of this section applies.
              (v) We only allow muzzleloaders, shotguns, and archery equipment.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We prohibit the take of reptiles and amphibians.
              (b) Kirwin National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of coot, crow, duck, goose, merganser, mourning dove, rail, snipe, and woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You must remove portable hunting blinds and decoys at the end of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (ii) We prohibit shooting from or over roads and parking areas.
              (iii) In Bow Creek, we allow hunting access by boat or on foot year round.
              (iv) We allow the use of dogs when hunting migratory birds.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of cottontail rabbit, jack rabbit, pheasant, prairie chicken, quail, State-defined furbearers, and squirrel (fox and grey) on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We only allow shotguns and archery equipment when hunting upland game.
              (ii) We allow the use of dogs when hunting upland game, except that we prohibit the use of dogs when hunting coyotes and furbearers.
              (iii) Shooting hours for upland game species are 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until legal sunset.
              (iv) We prohibit the harvest of beaver and otter.
              (v) The condition set forth at paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this section applies.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of deer and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We only allow archery hunting of deer.
              (ii) We allow one portable blind or stand per hunter. You may place a stand on the refuge no more than 14 days prior to the season, and you must remove it within 14 days of the close of the season. You must remove a portable blind at the end of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter). You must label any portable blind or stand with the owner's name and KDWPT number. Labels must be clearly visible from the ground.
              (iii) You must obtain a refuge-issued permit (FWS Form 3-2405, Self-Clearing Check-In/Out Permit) to hunt deer on the refuge.
              (iv) The condition set forth at paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this section applies.
              (v) We prohibit the use of dogs when hunting turkey.
              (vi) You may possess only approved nontoxic shot for turkey hunting (see § 32.2(k)).
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas on the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We only allow boats for activities related to fishing.

              (ii) We prohibit boating for fishing between October 1 and April 1 when the reservoir water elevation falls below 1,722 feet (measured on October 1), except in the Bow Creek Hunting Unit. Boats may be launched only at Scout Cove during this period.

              (iii) We allow boating for fishing year-round, on the entire reservoir, only when the reservoir water elevation is above 1,722 feet (measured on October 1).
              (iv) We allow noncommercial collection of baitfish as governed by State regulations.
              (v) We prohibit all activities associated with fishing tournaments, outside of sport fishing itself, to include organized gatherings, registrations, weigh-ins, and award presentations to be held or organized on the refuge.
              (vi) We prohibit the take of reptiles and amphibians.
              (c) Marais des Cygnes National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of coot, crow, duck, goose, mourning dove, rail, snipe, and woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You must remove portable hunting blinds and decoys at the end of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (ii) We prohibit shooting from or over roads and parking areas.
              (iii) We allow the use of dogs when hunting migratory birds.
              (iv) We only allow shotguns and archery equipment.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of coyote, cottontail rabbit, State-defined furbearers, squirrel, and upland birds on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow the use of dogs when hunting upland game, except that we prohibit the use of dogs when hunting coyotes and furbearers.
              (ii) Shooting hours for upland game species are 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until legal sunset.
              (iii) We prohibit the harvest of beaver and otter.
              (iv) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i), (ii), and (iv) of this section apply.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You must possess and carry a State-issued refuge access permit to hunt deer and spring turkey.
              (ii) We allow one portable blind or stand per hunter. You may place a stand on the refuge no more than 14 days prior to the season, and you must remove it within 14 days of the close of the season. You must remove a portable blind at the end of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter). You must label any portable blind or stand with the owner's name and KDWPT number. Labels must be clearly visible from the ground.
              (iii) We prohibit the use of dogs when hunting turkey.
              (iv) You may possess only approved nontoxic shot for turkey hunting (see § 32.2(k)).
              (v) The condition set forth at paragraph (c)(1)(ii) of this section applies.
              (vi) We only allow archery deer hunting, except during the January antlerless deer season when we allow the use of archery, muzzleloader, and shotgun.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We prohibit the take of reptiles and amphibians.
              (d) Quivira National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of coot, crow, duck, goose, and mourning dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We open refuge hunting areas from September 1 through February 28.
              (ii) The refuge is open from 11/2 hours before legal sunrise to 11/2 hours after legal sunset.
              (iii) We prohibit the retrieval of game from areas closed to hunting.
              (iv) You must remove portable hunting blinds and decoys at the end of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (v) We prohibit shooting from or over roads and parking areas.
              (vi) We allow the use of dogs when hunting migratory birds.
              (vii) We only allow shotguns and archery equipment.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of coyote, pheasant, quail, State-defined furbearers, squirrel, and rabbit on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (d)(1)(i) through (iii), (v), and (vii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow the use of dogs when hunting upland game, except that we prohibit the use of dogs when hunting coyotes and furbearers.
              (iii) We prohibit the harvest of beaver and otter.
              (iv) You must possess a State-issued refuge access permit for coyote and State-defined furbearer hunting.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You may possess only approved nontoxic ammunition for turkey and deer hunting (see § 32.2(k)).
              (ii) You must possess a State-issued refuge access permit for deer and turkey hunting.
              (iii) We allow one portable blind or stand per hunter. You may place a stand on the refuge no more than 14 days prior to the season, and you must remove it within 14 days of the close of the season. You must remove a portable blind at the end of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter). You must label any portable blind or stand with the owner's name and KDWPT number. Labels must be clearly visible from the ground.
              (iv) We prohibit the use of dogs when hunting turkey.
              (v) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (d)(1)(i) through (iii) and (v) of this section apply.
              (vi) We only allow muzzleloaders, shotguns, and archery equipment.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on all waters on the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit taking of reptiles and amphibians.
              (ii) We prohibit the use of trotlines and setlines.
              (iii) We prohibit the use of seines for taking bait.
              (iv) We prohibit fishing from water control structures and bridges.
              (v) We restrict fishing in the designated “Kid's Pond,” approximately 1/4 mile (.4 kilometers) west-southwest of headquarters, to youth age 14 and younger, and to a parent and/or guardian age 18 or older accompanying a youth.
              (vi) The creel limit for the Kid's Pond is one fish per day.
              (vii) The condition set forth at paragraph (d)(1)(ii) of this section applies.
              (viii) The only live bait we allow is worms; we prohibit all other live bait.
              [85 FR 54111, Aug. 31, 2020]

              § 32.36
              Kentucky.
              The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
              (a) Clarks River National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of mourning dove, woodcock, common snipe, Canada and snow goose, coot, crow, and waterfowl listed at 50 CFR 10.13(c)(1) under DUCK on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Except for raccoon, opossum, and bullfrog hunting, access to the refuge is from 2 hours before legal sunrise to 2 hours after legal sunset.
              (ii) You must possess and carry a signed refuge hunting/fishing permit (signed brochure) while hunting and/or fishing on the refuge.
              (iii) We prohibit hunting within 100 feet (30 meters) of a residence and discharge of firearms within 200 feet (60 meters) of any home, the abandoned railroad tracks, graveled roads, and hiking trails.
              (iv) We allow trail cameras. Trail cameras must have the owner's State hunting license number clearly displayed or we may confiscate them.
              (v) We allow the use of dogs for waterfowl, quail, snipe, dove, woodcock, squirrel, rabbit, raccoon, opossum, and fall turkey hunting. Dog owners/handlers must have a collar on each dog with the owner's contact information.
              (vi) We allow waterfowl hunting from legal shooting time until 12 p.m. (noon).
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, rabbit, quail, raccoon, opossum, coyote, bobcat, fox, skunk, otter, muskrat, mink, weasel, and beaver on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (v) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow coyote hunting under Statewide regulations during daylight hours only.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (v) of this section apply.
              (ii) We close squirrel, rabbit, crow, woodcock, snipe, dove, and quail seasons during muzzleloader and modern gun deer hunts.
              (iii) We allow the use of only portable and climbing stands. You may place stands in the field no earlier than 2 weeks prior to the opening of deer season, and you must remove them from the field within 1 week after the season closes (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter). The hunter's State hunting license number must appear on all stands left in the field.
              (iv) You must use safety belts at all times when occupying the tree stands.
              (v) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a “deer drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.
              (vi) Ground blinds used for the purpose of hunting any species during the deer modern gun, muzzleloader, and youth firearms seasons must display 1 square foot (144 square inches) of solid, unbroken, hunter orange visible from all sides. You must remove ground blinds when not in use.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing and frogging on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section apply.
              (ii) The following conditions apply to the Environmental Education and Recreation Area (EERA):
              (A) The EERA is a day-use area only.
              (B) We only allow one rod and reel or pole and line for fishing per person.
              (C) We prohibit the use of live fish for bait.
              (D) We allow the taking of largemouth bass, channel catfish, and bluegill in accordance with posted limits.
              (E) We prohibit the hunting or harvesting of frog.
              (b) Ohio River Islands National Wildlife Refuge. Refer to § 32.67(b) for regulations.
              (c) Reelfoot National Wildlife Refuge. Refer to § 32.61(f) for regulations.
              [84 FR 47675, Sept. 10, 2019, as amended at 85 FR 54113, Aug. 31, 2020]

              § 32.37
              Louisiana.
              The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
              (a) Atchafalaya National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of mourning dove, duck, goose, coot, snipe, rail, gallinule, and woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You may hunt only as governed by State-issued Sherburne Wildlife Management Area regulations.
              (ii) Feral hogs are incidental take species. You may take feral hog during any open hunting season, only with the weapon allowed for that season, and only if you are a hunter with proper licenses and State permits for that season. There is no bag limit on feral hog.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, rabbit, and raccoon on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section apply.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of feral hog, white-tailed deer, and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section apply.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow recreational finfishing and shellfishing year-round as governed by Sherburne Wildlife Management Area regulations.
              (b) Bayou Cocodrie National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, coot, and woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require that all hunters and anglers age 16 and older purchase an annual public use permit (electronic form). You must sign the permit, certifying that you understand and will comply with all regulations. You must carry this permit at all times while on the refuge.
              (ii) We allow migratory game bird hunting on Wednesdays, Saturdays, and Sundays until 12 p.m. (noon) during the State season. We do not open for the special teal season or the State youth waterfowl hunt.
              (iii) We prohibit hunting within 150 feet (45 meters) of the maintained rights-of-way of roads, refuge roads or designated trails, buildings, residences, or designated public facilities.
              (iv) You must remove harvested waterfowl, temporary blinds, and decoys used for duck hunting by 1 p.m. each day (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (v) We allow the use of dogs to locate, point, and retrieve.
              (vi) We prohibit any person or group to act as a hunting guide, outfitter, or in any other capacity that any other individual(s) pays or promises to pay directly or indirectly for services rendered to any other person or persons hunting on the refuge, regardless of whether the payment is for guiding, outfitting, lodging, or club membership.
              (vii) We prohibit use or possession of any type of trail-marking material.
              (viii) We allow the incidental take of raccoon, feral hog, beaver, nutria, and coyote when hunting migratory birds, upland game, or big game species with firearms and archery equipment authorized for use.
              (ix) We allow all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) and utility vehicles as governed by State Wildlife Management Area (WMA) regulations and size specifications on designated trails (see § 27.31 of this chapter) from scouting season until February 28.
              (x) You may enter the refuge no earlier than 4 a.m. and must exit the refuge by 2 hours after legal sunset, except that raccoon and opossum hunters during the month of February may use the refuge at night.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel and rabbit on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Hunters may only hunt upland game during designated refuge seasons.
              (ii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(i), (iii), and (vi) through (x) of this section apply.
              (iii) We allow the use of dogs to hunt squirrel and rabbit during that portion of the season designated as small game with dogs.
              (iv) While engaged in upland game hunting, we prohibit possession of hunting firearms (see § 27.42 of this chapter) larger than .22 caliber rimfire, shotgun slugs, or buckshot.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(i), (iii), and (vi) through (x) of this section apply.
              (ii) The bag limit is one deer per day. The State tagging regulations apply.
              (iii) You may possess only approved nontoxic shot while hunting deer on the refuge (see § 32.2(k)). The requirement in this paragraph (b)(3)(iii) only applies to the use of shotgun ammunition.
              (iv) You must wear a minimum of 500 square inches (3,226 square centimeters) of unbroken hunter orange as the outermost layer of clothing on the chest and back, and a hat or cap of unbroken hunter orange. You must wear the solid-hunter-orange items while in the field.
              (v) You may place stands up to 2 days prior to established hunting season dates. You must remove stands by 2 days after the hunting season closes (see § 27.93 of this chapter). You must mark your State license number on your stand. You are allowed one portable stand or blind on the refuge.
              (vi) You must check all deer taken on the refuge before leaving the refuge at one of the self-clearing check stations indicated on the map in the refuge hunting and fishing regulations brochure.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (b)(1)(x) of this section applies.
              (ii) We prohibit the taking of alligator snapping turtle (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (iii) We allow fishing only during daylight hours.
              (iv) The refuge boat ramp is open for daylight use only, except during specified hunting seasons when the ramp is open from 4 a.m. until 2 hours after legal sunset.
              (v) We prohibit wire traps, slat traps, wire nets, hoop nets, trotlines, yo-yos, and jug lines on the refuge.
              (c) Bayou Sauvage National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, and coot on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow only youth to hunt waterfowl and coot. An adult age 21 or older must supervise youth hunters during hunts. Youth hunter age and hunter education requirements are governed by State regulations. The youth must be capable of and must actively participate in such hunt by the possession and/or firing of a legal weapon during such hunt for the express purpose of harvesting game.
              (ii) Each adult may supervise no more than two youths, and no more than one adult may supervise each youth during the course of any hunt. Youth must remain within normal voice contact of the adult who is supervising them. Adults accompanying youth on refuge hunts may participate by hunting but may not harvest more than their own daily bag limit. Youth must harvest their own bag limits.
              (iii) We allow waterfowl hunting on Wednesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays, and Sundays from 30 minutes before legal sunrise until 12 p.m. (noon). We will close the refuge to waterfowl and coot hunting during any segment of goose season that extends beyond the regular duck season.
              (iv) Hunters may not enter the refuge prior to 4 a.m. on the day of the hunt and must exit the refuge with all equipment and materials (see § 27.93 of this chapter) no later than 1 p.m.
              (v) Hunters must possess and carry a valid refuge hunt permit (signed brochure).
              (vi) Each person age 18 and older must possess a valid Annual Public Use Permit (signed brochure).
              (vii) We prohibit hunting within 500 feet (150 meters (m)) of any residence or structure adjacent to the refuge, and we prohibit hunting within 200 feet (60 m) of any road, railroad, levee, water control structure, designated public use trail, designated parking area, or other designated public use facility.
              (viii) Hunters may use air-cooled propulsion engines to traverse the refuge through the Intracoastal Waterway and the Irish Bayou Straight Canal.
              (2)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow finfishing and shellfishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow sport fishing and shellfishing year-round on designated areas of the refuge and only after 12 p.m. on portions of the refuge outside of the Hurricane Protection Levee from November 1 through January 31 and during the State teal season. We close the remainder of the refuge from November 1 through January 31.
              (ii) We only allow sport fishing with hand-held rod and reel or hand-held rod and line. You may take bait shrimp with cast nets 8 feet (2.4 m) in diameter or less. You may take crawfish (up to 100 pounds (45 kilograms) per person) with wire nets up to 20 inches (50 centimeters) in diameter. We allow recreational crabbing with a limit of 12 dozen per person. You must attend all fishing, crabbing, and crawfishing equipment at all times.
              (iii) We prohibit the use of trotlines, limblines, slat traps, gar sets, nets, and alligator lines on the refuge.
              (iv) The condition set forth at paragraph (c)(1)(viii) of this section applies.
              (d) Bayou Teche National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds and waterfowl on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) All hunters must possess and carry a signed hunt permit (signed brochure) while hunting on the refuge.

              (ii) We prohibit hunting or discharge of firearm (see § 27.42 of this chapter) within 150 feet (45 meters (m)) of any residence or structure adjacent to the refuge, from the centerline of any road, railroad, designated public use maintained trail, designated parking area, or other designated public use facility.
              (iii) An adult age 18 or older must supervise youth hunters during all hunts. Youth hunter age and hunter education requirements are governed by State regulations. One adult may supervise two youths during small game and migratory game bird hunts but may supervise only one youth during big game hunts. Youth(s) must remain within normal voice contact of the adult who is supervising them. Adult guardians are responsible for ensuring that youth hunters do not violate refuge rules.
              (iv) We require waterfowl hunters to remove all portable blinds, boats, decoys, and other personal equipment from the refuge by 1 p.m. each day (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (v) All hunters must check-in prior to hunting and check out after hunting at a refuge self-clearing check station. You must report all game taken on the refuge when checking out by using the check card.
              (vi) We allow hunting until 12 p.m. (noon). Hunters may only enter the refuge after 4 a.m.
              (vii) When hunting migratory game birds, you may only use dogs to locate, point, and retrieve game.
              (viii) We allow the use of reflective tacks.
              (ix) Each person age 18 and older, must possess a valid Annual Public Use Permit (signed brochure).
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel and rabbit on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We only allow hunting from the start of the State squirrel and rabbit seasons until the last day of State waterfowl season in the Coastal Zone, except that the Centerville Unit will be open until the last day of the State waterfowl season in the East Zone.
              (ii) We prohibit upland game hunting on days corresponding with refuge deer gun hunts.
              (iii) Hunters may enter the refuge at 4 a.m. Hunters must leave the refuge no later than 1 hour after legal sunset.
              (iv) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (d)(1)(i) through (iii), (v), and (viii) of this section apply.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow the hunting of white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow hunting of deer only with firearms (see § 27.42 of this chapter) during 5 specific days during October and November. A youth gun hunt will occur during the last weekend of October. The general gun hunt will occur during the final full weekend in November. The youth gun hunt includes both Saturday and Sunday. The general gun hunt includes the Friday immediately before the weekend.
              (ii) We allow archery deer hunting according to the State of Louisiana archery season. Hunters may take deer of either sex as governed by State-approved archery equipment and regulations. We close refuge archery hunting during refuge deer gun hunts.
              (iii) We do not allow hunting within 500 feet (152.4 meters) of the Garden City parking area and boardwalk.
              (iv) We allow each hunter to possess only one deer per day; the deer may be a buck or a doe. State season limits apply.
              (v) You may take feral hogs only as incidental take with archery equipment while participating in the refuge deer archery hunt.
              (vi) Hunters may use only portable deer stands. Hunters may erect deer stands 1 day before the deer archery season and must remove them from the refuge within 1 day after the season closes (see § 27.93 of this chapter). Hunters may place only one deer stand on the refuge. Deer stands must have the owner's State hunting license number clearly printed on the stand. Hunters must place stands in a nonhunting position when not in use.
              (vii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (d)(1)(i) through (iii), (v), and (viii) and (d)(2)(ii) of this section apply.
              (viii) We prohibit the use of deer decoys.

              (ix) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a “deer drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.

              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing in all refuge waters subject to the following condition: We prohibit the use of unattended nets, traps, or lines (trot, jug, bush, etc.).
              (e) Big Branch Marsh National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, coot, goose, snipe, rail, gallinule, and woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow waterfowl hunting on Wednesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays, and Sundays from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until 12 p.m. (noon), including waterfowl hunting during the State special teal season and State youth waterfowl hunt. We allow snipe, rail, and gallinule hunting on Wednesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays, and Sundays from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until 2 p.m.
              (ii) We prohibit goose hunting for that part of the season that extends beyond the regular duck season.
              (iii) We allow only temporary blinds, and hunters must remove blinds and decoys by 1 p.m. each day (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (iv) Hunters must possess and carry a valid refuge hunt permit (signed brochure).
              (v) An adult age 18 or older must supervise youth hunters age 17 and younger during all hunts. Youth hunter age and hunter education requirements are governed by State regulations. One adult may supervise two youths during small game hunts and migratory bird hunts, but is only allowed to supervise one youth during big game hunts. Youths must remain within normal voice contact and direct sight of the adult who is supervising them. Adult guardians are responsible for ensuring that youth hunters do not violate refuge rules.
              (vi) We prohibit hunting or discharge of firearm (see § 27.42 of this chapter) within 150 feet (45 meters (m)) of any residence or structure adjacent to the refuge, and from the centerline of any road, railroad, designated public use maintained trail, designated parking area, or other designated public use facility.
              (vii) Hunters may enter the refuge at 4 a.m. and must exit the refuge no later than 2 hours after legal sunset.
              (viii) You may use only reflective tacks as trail markers on the refuge.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, rabbit, raccoon, and quail on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) When hunting, you must possess only shot size 4 or smaller, or 0.22 caliber rim-fire rifles or smaller.
              (ii) When hunting squirrel, rabbit, and raccoon, we allow the use of dogs only after the close of the State archery deer season. When hunting quail, you may only use dogs to locate, point, and retrieve.
              (iii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (e)(1)(iv) through (vii) of this section apply.
              (iv) During the dog season for squirrel and rabbit, all hunters, including archers (while on the ground), except waterfowl hunters, must wear a minimum of a cap or hat that is hunter orange, blaze pink, or other such color as governed by State regulations.
              (v) We only allow raccoon to be taken during the State rabbit season.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We are open only during the State season for archery hunting of deer.
              (ii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a “deer drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.
              (iii) We allow placement of temporary deer stands 48 hours prior to the start of deer archery season. Hunters must remove all deer stands within 48 hours after the archery deer season closes (see § 27.93 of this chapter). We allow only one deer stand per hunter on the refuge. Deer stands must have the owner's State license/sportsmen's identification number clearly printed on the stand. We prohibit hunting stands on trees painted with white bands.

              (iv) We allow take of feral hogs only as incidental take with archery equipment while participating in the refuge deer archery hunt.

              (v) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (e)(1)(iv) through (vii) of this section apply.
              (vi) We prohibit the use of deer decoys.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow recreational fishing and crabbing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You may fish only from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until 1/2 hour after legal sunset, except we allow night fishing from the bank and pier on Lake Road.
              (ii) You must only use rod and reel or pole and line while fishing.
              (iii) You must attend to any fishing, crabbing, and crawfishing equipment at all times.
              (f) Black Bayou Lake National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, coot, and woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You must carry a signed refuge hunt permit (signed public use regulations brochure) and must carry and fill out daily a Visitor Check-In Permit and Report (FWS Form 3-2405).
              (ii) We allow waterfowl hunting until 12 p.m. (noon) during the State season.
              (iii) Hunters may enter the refuge no earlier than 4 a.m. and must leave the refuge by 1:30 p.m.
              (iv) We prohibit hunting within 100 feet (30 meters (m)) of the maintained right-of-way of roads and from or across all-terrain vehicle (ATV) trails. We prohibit hunting within 50 feet (15 m) of, or trespassing on, aboveground oil, gas, or electrical transmission facilities.
              (v) Hunters must remove boats, blinds, and decoys from the refuge at the end of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (vi) When hunting migratory game birds, you may only use dogs to locate, point, and retrieve game.
              (vii) We only allow ATVs on trails designated for their use and marked by signs (see § 27.31 of this chapter). ATV trails are closed March 1 through August 31.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of quail, squirrel, rabbit, raccoon, and opossum on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (f)(1)(i), (iv), and (vii) of this section apply.
              (ii) Hunters may only hunt upland game during designated refuge seasons.
              (iii) We prohibit taking small game with firearms larger than .22 caliber rimfire, shotgun slugs, and buckshot.
              (iv) You may enter the refuge no earlier than 4 a.m. and must exit no later than 1 hour after legal shooting hours end.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (f)(1)(i), (iv), and (vii) and (f)(2)(iv) of this section apply.
              (ii) Hunters may only hunt big game during designated refuge seasons.
              (iii) An adult age 21 or older must supervise a youth hunter age 15 or younger during hunts. One adult may supervise only one youth during big game hunts. The youth hunter must remain within normal voice contact of the supervising adult.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit trotlines, limb lines, yo-yos, traps, and nets.
              (ii) We prohibit take of frog, turtle, and mollusk (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (g) Bogue Chitto National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, coot, and woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow hunting from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until 12 p.m. (noon), including during the State special teal season, State youth waterfowl hunt, and special light goose conservation season.
              (ii) You must remove blinds and decoys by 1 p.m. each day (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (iii) We prohibit goose hunting for that part of the season that extends beyond the regular duck season.

              (iv) When hunting migratory game birds, you may only use dogs to locate, point, and retrieve game.

              (v) Each person age 18 and older while hunting or fishing must possess a valid Annual Public Use Permit (signed brochure).
              (vi) An adult age 18 or older must supervise youth hunters age 17 and younger during all hunts. Youth hunter age and hunter education requirements are governed by State regulations. One adult may supervise two youths during small game hunts and migratory bird hunts, but is only allowed to supervise one youth during big game hunts. Youths must remain within normal voice contact of the adult who is supervising them. Adult guardians are responsible for ensuring that youth hunters do not violate refuge rules.
              (vii) We prohibit hunting or discharge of firearms (see § 27.42 of this chapter) within 150 feet (45.7 meters (m)) from the centerline of any public road, refuge road, designated or maintained trail, building, residence, designated camping area, or designated public facility, or from or across aboveground oil, gas, or electric facilities.
              (viii) For the purpose of hunting, we prohibit possession of slugs, buckshot, and rifle and pistol ammunition, except during the deer gun and primitive firearm seasons (see § 32.2(k)).
              (ix) You may use only reflective tacks as trail markers on the refuge.
              (x) We allow the incidental take of feral hog during any open refuge hunting season with weapons approved for that season.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, rabbit, raccoon, and opossum on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow the use of dogs for rabbit, squirrel, raccoon, and opossum hunting on specific dates listed in the refuge hunt brochure.
              (ii) During any open deer firearm or primitive firearm season on the refuge, all hunters, except waterfowl hunters and nighttime raccoon and opossum hunters, must wear hunter orange, blaze pink, or other such color as governed by State regulations.
              (iii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (g)(1)(v) through (x) of this section apply, except you may use .22-caliber rifles or smaller, and the nontoxic shot in your possession while hunting must be size 4 or smaller (see § 32.2(k)).
              (iv) We will close the refuge to hunting (except waterfowl) and camping when the Pearl River reaches 15.5 feet (4.65 meters) on the Pearl River Gauge at Pearl River, Louisiana.
              (v) During the dog season for squirrels and rabbits, all hunters, including archery hunters (while on the ground), except waterfowl hunters, must wear a cap or hat that is hunter-orange, blaze pink, or other such color as governed by State regulations.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, turkey, and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (g)(1)(v) through (x) and (g)(2)(ii) through (iv) of this section apply.
              (ii) Hunters may erect deer stands 48 hours before the deer archery season and must remove them from the refuge within 48 hours after this season closes (see § 27.93 of this chapter). We allow only one deer stand per hunter on the refuge. Deer stands must have the owner's State license/sportsmen's identification number clearly printed on the stand.
              (iii) Deer hunters hunting from concealed blinds must display State Wildlife Management Area (WMA) hunter-orange or blaze-pink (as governed by State WMA regulations) above or around their blinds that is visible from 360 degrees.
              (iv) We hold a special dog hog hunt in February. During this hunt, the following conditions apply, in addition to other applicable conditions in paragraph (g)(3) of this section:
              (A) You must use trained hog-hunting dogs to aid in the take of hog.
              (B) We allow take of hog from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until 1/2 hour after legal sunset.
              (C) You must possess only approved nontoxic shot, or pistol or rifle ammunition not larger than .22 caliber rim-fire to take the hog after it has been caught by dogs.
              (v) You must kill all hogs prior to removal from the refuge.

              (vi) We prohibit the use of deer and turkey gobbler decoys.

              (4) Sport fishing. We allow only recreational fishing year-round on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We only allow cotton limb lines.
              (ii) We close the fishing ponds at the Pearl River Turnaround to fishing from April through the first full week of June and to boating during the months of April, May, June, and July.
              (iii) When the Pearl River Turnaround area is open, we allow boats that do not have gasoline-powered engines attached in the fishing ponds at the Pearl River Turnaround. Anglers must hand-launch these boats into the ponds. When the fishing ponds at the Pearl River Turnaround are open, hook and line is the only legal method of take in those ponds.
              (iv) The Pearl River Turnaround area, when open to fishing, is open 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 1/2 hour after legal sunset.
              (v) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (g)(1)(x) and (g)(2)(iv) of this section apply.
              (h) Breton National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport finfishing and shellfishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Crabbers must tend crabbing equipment at all times.
              (ii) We prohibit trotlines, slat traps, and nets.
              (i) Cameron Prairie National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, coot, gallinule, snipe, and dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Hunters may only hunt during designated days and times.
              (ii) We prohibit entrance to the waterfowl hunting area earlier than 4 a.m. Shooting hours for waterfowl hunts end at 2 p.m. each day.
              (iii) We require every hunter to possess and carry a valid, signed refuge hunt permit and regulations brochure.
              (iv) Every hunter must complete and turn in a Migratory Bird Hunt Report (FWS Form 3-2361) available from a self-clearing check station after each hunt.
              (v) We prohibit hunting within 50 yards (45 meters) of any public road, refuge road, trail, building, resident, or designated public facility.
              (vi) When migratory bird hunting, you may only use dogs for the purpose of locating, pointing, and retrieving.
              (vii) Hunters must remove all hunting-related equipment from the refuge immediately following each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (2) [Reserved]
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow only portable deer stands. Hunters may place deer stands on the refuge 1 day before the white-tail deer archery season and must remove them from the refuge within 1 day after the season closes (see § 27.93 of this chapter). Hunters may place only one deer stand on the refuge, and deer stands must have the owner's State hunting license number clearly printed on the stand. Hunters must place stands in a nonhunting position at ground level when not in use.
              (ii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (i)(1)(iii), (v), and (vii) of this section apply.
              (iii) Each hunter must complete and turn in a Big Game Harvest Report (FWS Form 3-2359) available from a self-clearing check station after each hunt.
              (iv) We prohibit entrance to the hunting area earlier than 4 a.m. Hunters must leave no later than 1 hour after legal sunset.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing, crabbing, and cast netting on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow fishing with a rod and reel or a pole and line. We prohibit possession of any other type of fishing gear, including limb lines, gill nets, jug lines, yo-yos, or trotlines.
              (ii) We allow recreational fishing, crabbing, or cast netting in the East Cove Unit year-round from legal sunrise to legal sunset, except during the Louisiana west zone waterfowl season or when the Grand Bayou Boat Bay is closed.

              (iii) We allow sport fishing, crabbing, and cast netting in the Gibbstown Unit's Outfall Canal from March 15 through October 15.

              (iv) We allow only recreational crabbing with cotton hand lines or drop nets up to 24 inches (60 centimeters) outside diameter. We prohibit using floats on crab lines.
              (v) Anglers must attend all lines, nets, and bait, and must remove same from the refuge at the end of each day's fishing activity (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (vi) The daily limit of crabs is 5 dozen (60) per boat or vehicle, regardless of the number of people thereon.
              (vii) The daily shrimp limit during the Louisiana inshore shrimp season is 5 gallons (19 liters (L)) of heads-on shrimp per day, per vehicle or boat.
              (viii) We allow cast netting for bait on both the East Cove Unit and the Gibbstown Unit when the units are open for public fishing only. Anglers must empty cast nets directly into the container from the net. The daily bait shrimp limit is one gallon (3.8 L) per day, per boat, outside the Louisiana inshore shrimp season.
              (ix) Shrimp must remain in your actual custody while on the refuge.
              (x) We prohibit the taking of turtle (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (j) Cat Island National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, coot, and woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require that all hunters and anglers age 16 and older purchase an annual public use permit (electronic form). The refuge user is required to sign, certifying that you understand and will comply with all regulations, and carry this permit at all times while on the refuge.
              (ii) You may enter the refuge no earlier than 4 a.m. and must exit the refuge by 2 hours after legal sunset.
              (iii) We allow take of beaver, feral hog, nutria, raccoon, and coyote incidental to any refuge hunt with weapons legal for that hunt until you take the daily bag limit of game.
              (iv) We allow all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) and utility-type vehicle (UTVs) as governed by State Wildlife Management Area regulations and size specifications on designated trails (see § 27.31 of this chapter) from scouting season until February 28.
              (v) We prohibit hunting within 150 feet (45 meters) of any public road, refuge road, trail or ATV trail, building, residence, or designated public facility.
              (vi) We prohibit all other hunting during refuge lottery deer hunts.
              (vii) We allow waterfowl hunting on Wednesdays, Saturdays, and Sundays until 12 p.m. (noon) during the designated State duck season.
              (viii) You must remove harvested waterfowl, temporary blinds, and decoys used for duck hunting by 1 p.m. each day (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (ix) When hunting migratory game birds, you may only use dogs to locate, point, and retrieve.
              (x) We prohibit accessing refuge property by boat from the Mississippi River.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, rabbit, beaver, nutria, raccoon, and coyote on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (j)(1)(i) through (vi) of this section apply.
              (ii) While upland game hunting, we prohibit the possession of hunting firearms larger than 0.22 caliber rimfire, shotgun slugs, and buckshot (see § 27.42 of this chapter).
              (iii) We allow the use of dogs during designated small game with dog seasons. We require the owner's contact information on the collars of all dogs. We allow up to two dogs per hunting party for squirrel hunting.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (j)(1)(i) through (vi) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow archery-only deer hunting on the refuge during the State archery deer season.
              (iii) You must check all deer (name only) taken prior to leaving the refuge at one of the self-clearing check stations indicated on the map in the refuge public use brochure.

              (iv) You may place stands up to 2 days prior to established hunting season dates, and you must remove them no more than 2 days after the hunting season closes (see § 27.93 of this chapter). You must mark your State license identification number on your stand. You are allowed one portable stand or blind on the refuge.
              (v) You may only take one deer of either sex per day during the deer season. State season limits apply.
              (vi) You must wear a minimum of 500 square inches (3,226 square centimeters) of unbroken-hunter orange as the outermost layer of clothing on the chest and back, and a hat or cap of unbroken-hunter orange.
              (vii) We prohibit organized drives. We define a “drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause game to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the game.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (j)(1)(i), (ii), (iv) (on the open portions of Wood Duck ATV trail for wildlife-dependent activities throughout the year), and (vi) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit slat traps or hoop nets on the refuge.
              (iii) We prohibit possession of cleaned or processed fish on the refuge.
              (iv) Anglers may only crawfish during designated days and times. The harvest limit is 50 pounds (22.5 kilograms) per permit per day.
              (v) You must attend all crawfish traps and nets at all times. We allow up to, and no more than, 20 traps per angler on the refuge.
              (vi) We prohibit harvest of frog or turtle on the refuge (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (k) Catahoula National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, coot, and woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow migratory hunting of duck, goose, and coot on Tuesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays, and Sundays from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until 12 p.m. (noon) during the State season.
              (ii) We prohibit migratory game bird hunting during deer modern and primitive firearms hunts.
              (iii) When hunting migratory game birds, you may only use dogs to locate, point, and retrieve game.
              (iv) We allow the use of only shotguns for hunting migratory birds.
              (v) Hunters must check-in and check out as governed by refuge-specific terms.
              (vi) We require hunters age 16 and older to purchase and carry a signed special refuge recreational activity permit (name/address/phone only).
              (vii) Hunters may enter the refuge no earlier than 4 a.m. and must exit no later than 2 hours after legal sunset for that day. Hunters must remove all decoys, blinds, and boats from the hunting area by 1 p.m. (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (viii) We prohibit hunting or discharge of firearms within 150 feet (45 meters (m)) from the edge of areas maintained for roads, trails, and utility rights-of-way.
              (ix) We prohibit parking, walking, or hunting within 150 feet (45 m) of any active oil and gas facility or equipment.
              (x) We only allow the use of bright eyes or reflective tape for flagging or trail markers.
              (xi) We restrict the use of all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) to designated trails. ATVs are allowed from September 1 through the last day of February. We allow ATVs only for hunting, fishing, and other wildlife-related activities.
              (xii) We allow the incidental take of feral hog, raccoon, beaver, nutria, and coyote while hunting with firearms or archery equipment authorized for that hunt.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, raccoon, beaver, nutria, coyote, and rabbit on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (k)(1)(v) through (xii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit squirrel and rabbit hunting during deer modern and primitive firearms hunts.

              (iii) At the Bushley Unit, we allow the use of dogs to hunt squirrels and rabbits only after the last primitive firearms season for deer on the refuge. Hunters must place their contact information on the collars of all their dogs.
              (iv) We require hunters participating in the dog season for rabbits to wear a hunter-orange cap.
              (v) We only allow the use of shotguns and rifles that are .22 magnum caliber rim fire or less for upland game hunting.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (k)(1)(v) through (xii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow deer modern firearm hunting on the area south of the French Fork of the Little River for 2 days in December with these dates being set annually.
              (iii) We allow hunting of deer with primitive firearms during the first segment of the State season for area 1, weekdays only (Monday through Friday) and 2 days in December with these dates set annually. We allow either-sex, deer gun hunting for the Friday, Saturday, and Sunday immediately following Thanksgiving Day and for 2 days in December with these dates to be set annually.
              (iv) We allow the use of portable deer stands. Hunters may place deer stands on the refuge 1 day before the deer archery season and must remove them from the refuge within 1 day after this season closes (see § 27.93 of this chapter). Hunters may place only one stand on the refuge. Deer stands must have the owner's State hunting license number clearly printed on the stand. Hunters must place stands in a nonhunting position when not in use.
              (v) We allow the use and possession of lead shotgun slugs during deer modern and primitive firearm hunts. We prohibit the use and possession of toxic and nontoxic shot shells during these hunts.
              (vi) All hunters must wear and display 400 square inches (2,581 square centimeters) of hunter orange and a hunter orange cap during deer modern and primitive firearm hunts.
              (vii) You may take only one deer per day during modern and primitive firearm deer hunts.
              (viii) We prohibit organized drives. We define a “drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause game to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the game.
              (ix) We prohibit the use of dogs to hunt and trail wounded deer.
              (x) We prohibit use of deer decoys.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (k)(1)(ix) through (xi) of this section apply.
              (ii) We require anglers age 16 and older to possess and carry a signed special refuge recreational activity permit (name/address/phone only).
              (iii) We allow fishing from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (iv) At the Headquarters Unit, we allow year-round fishing on Cowpen Bayou and the Highway 28 borrow pits. We allow fishing on Duck Lake and its tail-waters, Muddy Bayou, Willow Lake, and the Highway 84 borrow pits from March 1 through October 31. We only allow use of a rod and reel or pole with a hook and line attached for fishing in these waters. We prohibit snagging.
              (v) At the Bushley Bayou Unit, we allow fishing year-round. We allow trotlines, but anglers must tend them at least once every 24 hours and reset them when receding water levels expose them. Anglers must attach lines with a length of cotton line that extends into the water. We allow the use of yo-yos, but you must attend and only use them from 1 hour before legal sunrise until 1/2 hour after legal sunset. We prohibit the use of nets and traps.
              (vi) At the Headquarters Unit, we allow the launching of only trailered boats at designated boat ramps. Anglers may launch small hand-carried boats from the bank in other areas. We prohibit dragging of boats or driving onto road shoulders to launch boats.

              (vii) We prohibit bank fishing on Bushley Creek and fishing in Black Lake, Dempsey Lake, Long Lake, Rhinehart Lake, and Round Lake during deer modern and primitive firearms hunts.

              (viii) We prohibit fishing in Black Lake, Dempsey Lake, Long Lake, Round Lake, and Rhinehart Lake during waterfowl hunts.
              (ix) We prohibit taking or possessing frogs and turtles (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (x) We prohibit the possession of cleaned or processed fish on the refuge.
              (l) D'Arbonne National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, coot, and woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You must carry a signed refuge hunt permit (signed public use regulations brochure) and must carry and fill out daily a Visitor Check-In Permit and Report (FWS Form 3-2405).
              (ii) We allow waterfowl hunting until 12 p.m. (noon) during the State season.
              (iii) Hunters may enter the refuge no earlier than 4 a.m. and must exit no later than 1:30 p.m.
              (iv) We prohibit hunting within 100 feet (30 meters (m)) of the maintained rights-of-way of roads. We prohibit hunting within 50 feet (15 m) or trespassing on aboveground oil, gas, or electrical transmission facilities.
              (v) Hunters must remove boats, blinds, and decoys from the refuge at the end of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (vi) When hunting migratory game birds, you may only use dogs to locate, point, and retrieve game.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, rabbit, raccoon, and opossum on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (l)(1)(i) and (iv) of this section apply.
              (ii) You may enter the refuge no earlier than 4 a.m. and must exit no later than 2 hours after legal shooting hours.
              (iii) When hunting upland game, you may only use dogs to locate, point, and retrieve game.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge as indicated subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (l)(1)(i) and (iv) and (l)(2)(ii) of this section apply.
              (ii) You must check all deer taken during general gun deer hunts at a refuge check station on the same day taken.
              (iii) We prohibit hunters from placing or hunting from stands on pine trees with white-painted bands or rings.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) For recreational fishing using commercial gear (slat traps, etc.), we require you to carry a Special Use Permit (FWS Form 3-1383-G), which is available at the refuge office.
              (ii) We prohibit the taking of turtle (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (m) Delta National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, and coot on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow waterfowl hunting on Wednesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays, and Sundays from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until 12 p.m. (noon), including during the State special teal season, State youth waterfowl season, and State light goose special conservation season.
              (ii) We only allow temporary blinds. You must remove both blinds and decoys by 1 p.m. each day (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (iii) When hunting migratory game birds, you may only use dogs to locate, point, and retrieve game.
              (iv) Hunters must possess and carry a valid refuge hunt permit (signed brochure).
              (v) We prohibit discharge of firearms (see § 27.42 of this chapter) within 250 yards (225 meters) of buildings or worksites, such as oil or gas production facilities.

              (vi) An adult age 18 or older must supervise youth hunters age 17 and younger during all hunts. Youth hunter age and hunter education requirements are governed by State regulations. One adult may supervise two youths during small game and migratory game bird hunts but must supervise only one youth during big game hunts. Youth(s) must remain within normal voice contact of the adult who is supervising them.

              (vii) Hunters may enter the refuge at 4 a.m. and must exit the refuge no later than 2 hours after legal sunset.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of rabbit on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The refuge rabbit season opens the day after the State duck season closes and continues through the remainder of the State rabbit season.
              (ii) We restrict hunting to shotgun only.
              (iii) We allow the use of dogs when rabbit hunting.
              (iv) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (m)(1)(iv) through (vii) of this section apply.
              (3) Big game hunting. We only allow archery hunting of white-tailed deer and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (m)(1)(iv) through (vii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow archery deer hunting, bucks only, from October 1 through 15. We allow either-sex archery deer hunting from October 16 through 31 and from the day after the close of the State duck season through the end of the State deer archery season.
              (iii) We allow placement of temporary deer stands 48 hours prior to the start of deer archery season. Hunters must remove all deer stands within 48 hours after the archery deer season closes (see § 27.93 of this chapter). We allow only one deer stand per hunter on the refuge. Deer stands must have the owner's State license/sportsmen's identification number clearly printed on the stand.
              (iv) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a “deer drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.
              (v) We allow the take of hog(s) only with archery equipment during the archery deer season.
              (vi) We prohibit the use of deer decoys.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow recreational fishing and crabbing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We only allow recreational fishing and crabbing from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until 1/2 hour after legal sunset. During State waterfowl hunting seasons, however, we only allow recreational fishing and crabbing from after 12 p.m. (noon) until 1/2 hour after legal sunset.
              (ii) We prohibit the use of trotlines, limblines, slat traps, jug lines, nets, or alligator lines.
              (iii) We prohibit the taking of turtle (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (n) Grand Cote National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, coot, and woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow waterfowl (duck, goose, coot) hunting on Wednesdays and Saturdays from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until 12 p.m. (noon) during the State season.
              (ii) We prohibit teal hunting during the State September season.
              (iii) Hunters selected for lottery waterfowl hunts must be present and in possession of written documentation confirming their selection on the day of the hunt.
              (iv) We allow no more than three persons to hunt in each of the lottery waterfowl blinds, and hunters must confine all hunting activity to the direct vicinity of the blinds.
              (v) When hunting migratory game birds, you may only use dogs to locate, point, and retrieve.
              (vi) Hunters may enter the refuge no earlier than 4 a.m. and must exit no later than 2 hours after legal sunset for that day.
              (vii) We allow the incidental take of raccoon, feral hog, beaver, nutria, and coyote only when hunting for migratory bird, upland game, and big game species with firearms or archery equipment authorized for use.
              (viii) We require hunters age 16 and older to purchase and carry a signed refuge special recreational activity permit (electronic form).

              (ix) We prohibit hunting or the discharge of firearms within 150 feet (45 meters) from the edge of areas maintained for roads, trails, and utility rights-of-way.
              (x) Hunters must check-in and check out as governed by refuge-specific terms (see refuge hunting brochure for details).
              (xi) Refuge users must enter and exit the refuge only at designated parking areas occurring on the refuge. We prohibit accessing adjacent lands from refuge parking areas or any other part of the refuge.
              (xii) We restrict the use of all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) to designated ATV trails. ATVs are allowed from September 1 through the last day of February. We allow ATVs only for hunting, fishing, and other wildlife-related activities.
              (xiii) Hunters must remove all decoys, blinds, and boats from the hunt area by 1 p.m. (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (xiv) We only allow the use of bright eyes or reflective tape for flagging or trail markers.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of rabbit, raccoon, beaver, nutria, and coyote on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (n)(1)(vi) through (xiv) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow the use of only shotguns and rifles that are .22 magnum caliber rimfire or less for upland game hunting
              (iii) We allow the use of dogs when hunting rabbit only after the close of the State deer rifle season. Dog owners must place their contact information on the collars of all their dogs.
              (iv) We require hunters participating in the special dog season for rabbits to wear a hunter-orange cap.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (n)(1)(vi) through (xiv) of this section apply.
              (ii) We only allow the use of archery equipment for big game hunting.
              (iii) You may use only portable deer stands. Hunters must place deer stands on the refuge 1 day before the deer archery season and must remove them from the refuge within 1 day after the season closes (see § 27.93 of this chapter). Hunters may place only one deer stand on the refuge, and deer stands must have the owner's State hunting license/sportsmen's identification number clearly printed on the stand. Hunters must place the stand in a nonhunting position and at ground level when not in use.
              (iv) We prohibit the use of deer decoys.
              (v) We prohibit the use of dogs to trail wounded deer.
              (vi) We prohibit organized drives. We define a “drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause game to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the game.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (n)(1)(xi) through (xiv) of this section apply.
              (ii) We only allow fishing within the Coulee Des Grues Bayou from the bank adjacent to Little California Road.
              (iii) Except as provided under paragraph (n)(4)(ii) of this section, we allow fishing from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to legal sunset. Anglers may enter the refuge no earlier than 4 a.m. and must exit no later than 2 hours after legal sunset for that day.
              (iv) We require anglers age 16 and older to purchase and carry a signed refuge special recreational activity permit.
              (v) We prohibit the use of nets, traps, set lines, and trot lines. Anglers may only use a rod and reel or pole with a hook and line attached to fish.
              (vi) We prohibit the possession of cleaned or processed fish on the refuge.
              (vii) We prohibit the harvest of frog, turtle, snake, or mollusk (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (viii) We prohibit crawfishing.
              (o) Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, gallinule, and coot on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) Hunters may only hunt migratory game birds during designated refuge seasons.
              (ii) We require every hunter to possess and carry a valid signed refuge hunt permit (signed brochure) and regulations brochure.
              (iii) Hunters may enter the refuge at 4 a.m. Shooting hours end at 2 p.m. each day.
              (iv) Each hunter must complete and turn in a Migratory Bird Hunt Report (FWS Form 3-2361), available from a self-clearing check station, after each hunt.
              (v) We prohibit hunting within 50 yards (45 meters (m)) of refuge canals; waterways; public roads; buildings; aboveground oil, gas, or electrical transmission facilities; or designated public facilities. Hunting parties must remain a distance of no fewer than 150 yards (135 m) away from another hunter.
              (vi) You must remove all hunting-related equipment from the refuge immediately following each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (vii) When migratory bird hunting, you may only use dogs for the purpose of locating, pointing, and retrieving.
              (2) [Reserved]
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting for white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Hunters may only hunt big game during designated refuge seasons with archery equipment.
              (ii) We allow only portable deer stands. Hunters may place deer stands on the refuge 1 day before the deer archery season and must remove them from the refuge within 1 day after the season closes (see § 27.93 of this chapter). Hunters may place only one deer stand on the refuge, and deer stands must have the owner's State hunting license number clearly printed on the stand. Hunters must place stands in a nonhunting position at ground level when not in use.
              (iii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (o)(1)(ii), (v), and (vi) of this section apply.
              (iv) Hunters may enter the refuge at 4 a.m. Hunters must leave no later than 1 hour after legal sunset.
              (v) Each hunter must complete and turn in a Big Game Harvest Report (FWS Form 3-2359) available from a self-clearing check station, after each hunt.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow fishing from March 15 through October 15.
              (ii) We prohibit fishing activities before legal sunrise and after legal sunset.
              (iii) Anglers may enter the refuge 1 hour before legal sunrise, and you must leave 1 hour after legal sunset.
              (iv) Anglers can travel the refuge by boat from 1 hour before legal sunrise until 1 hour after legal sunset in order to access fishing areas.
              (v) We prohibit bank fishing from the Lacassine Pool Wildlife Drive.
              (vi) We prohibit boat and bank fishing in Lacassine Pool Unit D and refuge waters from October 16 through March 14.
              (vii) We allow fishing only with rod and reel or pole and line in refuge waters. We prohibit possession of any other type of fishing gear, including limb lines, gill nets, jug lines, yo-yos, or trotlines.
              (viii) We prohibit the taking of turtle (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (p) Lake Ophelia National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, coot, and woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow waterfowl (duck, goose, coot) hunting on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until 12 p.m. (noon) during the Statewide duck season.
              (ii) When hunting migratory game birds, you may only use dogs to locate, point, and retrieve.
              (iii) Hunters may enter the refuge no earlier than 4 a.m. and must exit no later than 2 hours after legal sunset for that day. Hunters must remove all decoys, blinds, and boats from the hunt area by 1 p.m. (see § 27.93 of this chapter).

              (iv) We prohibit migratory game bird hunting during refuge deer primitive firearm hunts.

              (v) Except as restricted under paragraph (p)(3)(ix) of this section, we allow the incidental take of raccoon, feral hog, beaver, nutria, and coyote when hunting for migratory bird, upland game, and big game species with firearms and archery equipment authorized for use.
              (vi) We restrict the use of all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) to designated ATV trails. ATVs are allowed from September 1 to the last day of the spring turkey season. We allow ATVs only for hunting, fishing, and other wildlife-related activities.
              (vii) We restrict the use of the ATV trails that are designated for physically challenged persons to individuals who possess a State-issued physically challenged program hunter permit or are age 60 or older.
              (viii) We require hunters age 16 and older to purchase and carry a signed refuge special recreational activity permit (electronic form).
              (ix) We prohibit hunting or the discharge of firearms within 150 feet (45 meters) from the edge of areas maintained for roads, trails, and utility rights-of-way.
              (x) Hunters must check-in and check out as governed by refuge-specific terms (see refuge hunting brochure for details).
              (xi) Hunters and anglers must enter and exit the refuge only at designated parking areas occurring on the refuge. We prohibit accessing adjacent lands from refuge parking areas or any other part of the refuge.
              (xii) We only allow the use of bright eyes or reflective tape for flagging or trail markers.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, rabbit, raccoon, beaver, nutria, and coyote on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (p)(1)(v) through (xii) of this section apply.
              (ii) Hunters may enter the refuge no earlier than 4 a.m. and must exit no later than 2 hours after legal sunset for that day.
              (iii) We only allow the use of shotguns and rifles that are .22 magnum caliber rimfire or less for upland game hunting.
              (iv) We prohibit upland game hunting during refuge deer primitive firearm hunts.
              (v) We allow the use of dogs when squirrel and rabbit hunting only after the close of the State deer rifle season. Dog owners must place their contact information on the collars of all their dogs.
              (vi) We require hunters participating in the special dog season for rabbits to wear a hunter-orange cap.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, turkey, and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (p)(1)(v) through (xii) and (p)(2)(ii) of this section apply.
              (ii) You may harvest only one antlered and one antlerless deer during each of the lottery primitive firearm hunts.
              (iii) You may use only portable deer stands. Hunters may place deer stands on the refuge 1 day before the deer archery season and must remove them from the refuge within 1 day after the season closes (see § 27.93 of this chapter). Hunters may place only one deer stand on the refuge, and deer stands must have the owner's State hunting license number clearly printed on the stand. Hunters must place stands in a nonhunting position and at ground level when not in use.
              (iv) All deer gun hunters must wear and display 400 square inches (2,600 square centimeters) of hunter orange and a hunter-orange cap during the deer gun seasons and lottery deer hunts.
              (v) Only hunters that have been selected for lottery primitive firearm deer hunts may be present during these hunts.
              (vi) We allow the use and possession of lead shotgun slugs during lottery primitive firearm deer hunts. We prohibit the use and possession of toxic and nontoxic shot shells during these hunts.
              (vii) We prohibit all other hunting during refuge deer primitive firearm hunts as described in the refuge hunting brochure.

              (viii) We prohibit the use of deer or turkey gobbler decoys.

              (ix) We allow turkey hunting only during the first 16 days of the State season until 12 p.m. (noon). We prohibit incidental hunting of feral hog while turkey hunting.
              (x) We prohibit the use of dogs to trail wounded deer.
              (xi) We prohibit organized drives. We define a “drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause game to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the game.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing in designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (p)(1)(xi) and (xii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We require anglers age 16 and older to purchase and carry a signed refuge special recreational activity permit (name/address/phone number only).
              (iii) We allow fishing from March 1 through October 15 from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (iv) We allow anglers to operate ATVs on the designated trails to the Duck Lake, Westcut Lake, and Possum Bayou boat ramps.
              (v) We prohibit the use of nets, traps, set lines, and trot lines. Anglers may only use a rod and reel or pole with a hook and line attached to fish.
              (vi) We prohibit the possession of cleaned or processed fish on the refuge.
              (vii) We prohibit the harvest of frog, turtle, snake, or mollusk (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (viii) We prohibit crawfishing.
              (q) Mandalay National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, moorhen, gallinule, and coot on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow hunting of migratory game birds on Wednesdays and Saturdays until 12 p.m. (noon). Hunters may only enter the refuge after 4 a.m. and must exit the refuge no later than 1 p.m.
              (ii) Prior to hunting, we must assign a refuge hunt unit and issue a refuge lottery waterfowl permit (signed brochure) to any person entering, using, or occupying the refuge for hunting migratory game birds. You may only hunt in your assigned unit.
              (iii) Each person age 18 and older must possess a valid Annual Public Use Permit (signed brochure).
              (iv) An adult age 18 or older must supervise youth hunters during all hunts. Youth hunter age and hunter education requirements are governed by State regulations. One adult may supervise two youths during small game and migratory game bird hunts. An adult may supervise only one youth during big game hunts. Youth must remain within normal voice contact of the adult who is supervising them. Parents or adult guardians are responsible for ensuring that hunters age 16 and younger do not violate refuge rules.
              (v) All hunters must possess and carry a signed hunt brochure (signed brochure) while hunting on refuge.
              (vi) Only one adult may occupy a unit with up to two youths during a designated lottery youth waterfowl hunt. We allow no more than three hunters to hunt from a single blind within a unit at one time during any waterfowl hunt.
              (2) [Reserved]
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow the hunting of white-tailed deer and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We open the refuge to hunting of deer and hog only during the State archery season, except that prior to 12 p.m. (noon) on Wednesdays and Saturdays during State waterfowl seasons, we close areas north of the Intracoastal Waterway to big game hunting.
              (ii) Hunters may only enter the refuge after 4 a.m. and must exit by 1 hour after legal sunset.
              (iii) You may take big game with archery equipment and as governed by State law. From October 1 through 15, State bucks-only regulations apply. From October 16 through February 15, you may take only one deer of either sex per day, and hunters may possess only one deer. The State season limits on deer apply. There is no daily or possession limit on feral hogs.
              (iv) We prohibit the use of deer decoys.

              (v) We only allow portable stands. Hunters may erect temporary deer stands 1 day prior to the start of deer archery season. Hunters must remove all deer stands within 1 day after the archery deer season closes (see § 27.93 of this chapter). Hunters may place only one deer stand on the refuge. Deer stands must have the owner's State hunting license number clearly printed on the stand. Hunters must place stands in a nonhunting position when not in use.
              (vi) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a “deer drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.
              (vii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (q)(1)(iv) and (v) of this section apply.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing in all refuge waters subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit the use of unattended nets, traps, or lines (trot, jog, bush, etc.).
              (ii) We allow fishing in the refuge year-round.
              (iii) The refuge is open from legal sunrise until legal sunset.
              (iv) We prohibit the taking of turtle (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (r) Red River National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, coot, woodcock, and dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Hunters must possess and carry a signed refuge permit (signed refuge brochure).
              (ii) We allow waterfowl hunting until 12 p.m. (noon) during the State season.
              (iii) We allow dove hunting only during the first 3 days of the State season on all refuge lands as indicated in the refuge brochure.
              (iv) Hunters may enter the refuge no earlier than 4 a.m. and must exit the refuge no later than 1:30 p.m.
              (v) Hunters may only hunt during designated times and seasons as listed in refuge brochure (signed brochure).
              (vi) We prohibit hunting within 100 feet (30 meters) of any public road, refuge road, trail or ATV trail, residence, building, aboveground oil or gas or electrical transmission facility, or designated public facility.
              (vii) When hunting migratory game birds, you may only use dogs to locate, point, and retrieve.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of quail, squirrel, rabbit, raccoon, and opossum on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (r)(1)(i), (v), and (vi) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow hunting of raccoon and opossum during the daylight hours of rabbit and squirrel season. We allow night hunting during December and January, and you may use dogs for night hunting.
              (iii) We allow the use of dogs to hunt squirrel and rabbit after December 31.
              (iv) Hunters may enter the refuge no earlier than 4 a.m. and must exit the refuge no later than 1 hour after legal shooting hours.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, turkey, and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The conditions set forth at paragraphs (r)(1)(i), (v), and (vi) and (r)(2)(iv) of this section apply.
              (4) Sport Fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow use of only electric trolling motors on all refuge waters while fishing.
              (ii) Recreational fishing using commercial gear (slat traps, etc.) requires a special refuge permit (Special Use Permit (FWS Form 3-1383-G)), which is available at the refuge office. You must possess and carry the special refuge permit while fishing using commercial gear.
              (iii) We prohibit the taking of alligator snapping turtle (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (s) Sabine National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, gallinule, and coot on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Hunters may only hunt migratory game birds during designated refuge seasons.

              (ii) We require all hunters to possess and carry a valid signed refuge hunt permit (signed brochure) and regulations brochure.
              (iii) We prohibit entrance to the waterfowl hunting area earlier than 4 a.m. Shooting hours end at 2 p.m. each day.
              (iv) Each hunter must complete and turn in a Migratory Bird Hunt Report (FWS Form 3-2361) from a self-clearing check station after each hunt.
              (v) We allow only portable blinds and those made of native vegetation. Hunters must remove portable blinds, decoys, spent shells, and all other personal equipment after each day's hunt (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (vi) We prohibit hunting within 50 yards (45 meters (m)) of refuge canals; waterways; public roads; buildings; aboveground oil, gas, or electrical transmission facilities; or designated public facilities. Hunting parties must maintain a distance of no less than 150 yards (135 m) away from another hunter.
              (vii) When migratory bird hunting, you may only use dogs for the purpose of locating, pointing, and retrieving.
              (2)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing, crabbing, and cast netting on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Bank and wharf access for fishing are available year-round at the public use areas along State Highway 27. Anglers may access the refuge for fishing by boat only during the March 15 to October 15 open period. You may launch boats at designated boat ramps only.
              (ii) We allow fishing with a rod and reel, pole and line, or jug and line. We prohibit possession of any other type of fishing gear, including limb lines, gill nets, or trot lines. Jug line limit is up to 10 per boat, and you must attend them at all times. The angler must mark all jugs with their fishing license number (State requirement) and remove the jugs from the refuge at the end of each day (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (iii) We prohibit fishing from October 16 through March 14 in Units 1A and 1B.
              (iv) Anglers can travel the refuge by boat from 1 hour before legal sunrise until 1 hour after legal sunset in order to access fishing areas; however, we prohibit fishing activities before legal sunrise and after legal sunset.
              (v) We allow recreational crabbing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (A) We allow only recreational crabbing with cotton hand lines or drop nets up to 24 inches (60 centimeters) outside diameter. We prohibit using floats on crab lines.
              (B) Anglers must remove all hand lines, drop nets, and bait from the refuge upon leaving (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (C) We allow a daily limit of 5 dozen (60) crabs per vehicle or boat.
              (vi) We allow recreational cast netting in designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (A) We allow recreational cast netting from boats only from legal sunrise to legal sunset during the Louisiana inshore shrimp season.
              (B) Anglers must immediately return all incidental take (bycatch) to the water before continuing to cast.
              (C) The daily shrimp limit during the Louisiana inshore shrimp season is 5 gallons (19 liters (L)) of heads-on shrimp per day, per vehicle or boat.
              (D) The daily bait shrimp limit is 1 gallon (3.8 L) per day, per boat, outside the Louisiana inshore shrimp season.
              (E) Shrimp must remain in your actual custody while on the refuge.
              (vii) We prohibit the taking of turtle (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (t) Tensas River National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, coot, woodcock, and snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow hunting of duck and coot on Tuesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays, and Sundays until 2 p.m. during the State season. We prohibit migratory bird hunting during refuge gun hunts for deer.
              (ii) We allow refuge hunters to enter the refuge no earlier than 4 a.m., and they must leave no later than 2 hours after legal sunset unless they are participating in the refuge nighttime raccoon hunt.

              (iii) We allow all-terrain vehicle (ATV) travel on designated trails for access typically from October 1 to the last day of the refuge squirrel season.
              (iv) We prohibit field dressing of game within 150 feet (45 meters) of parking areas, maintained roads, and trails.
              (v) An adult age 18 or older must supervise youth hunters age 17 and younger during all hunts. One adult may supervise two youths during small game and migratory bird hunts but may supervise only one youth during big game hunts. Youth must remain within normal voice contact of the adult who is supervising them.
              (vi) We allow the incidental take of coyote, beaver, raccoon, and opossum when hunting for migratory bird species with firearms and archery equipment authorized for use.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of raccoon, squirrel, and rabbit on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow nighttime raccoon hunting in alignment with Big Lake Wildlife Management Area (WMA).
              (ii) We allow the use of dogs when squirrel and rabbit hunting subject to the following conditions:
              (A) We allow hunting without dogs from the beginning of the State season to December 31; during this time period, we do not require hunters to wear hunter orange.
              (B) We allow squirrel and rabbit hunting with or without dogs from January 1 to the last day of February.
              (C) We allow no more than three dogs per hunting party.
              (iii) We close squirrel and rabbit hunting during the following gun hunts for deer: Refuge-wide youth hunt, primitive firearms hunt, and modern firearms hunt.
              (iv) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (t)(1)(ii) through (v) of this section apply.
              (v) We allow the incidental take of coyote, beaver, raccoon, and opossum when hunting for upland game species with firearms and archery equipment authorized for use.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Deer archery season will begin the first Saturday in November and will conclude on January 31. We prohibit archery hunting during the following refuge-wide deer hunts: Youth gun hunt and modern firearms hunts.
              (ii) The deer primitive firearms season will occur between November 1 and January 31. We allow all legal primitive firearms as governed by State regulations.
              (iii) During the deer primitive firearms season, hunters may fit any legal primitive firearms with magnified scopes. We allow hunters using primitive weapons to hunt reforested areas. We prohibit youth hunters from using modern firearms during the primitive weapon hunt.
              (iv) During modern firearm hunts, all firearm hunting, even hunting with primitive weapons or muzzleloaders, is governed by applicable Federal and State regulations. We require a quota hunt permit for these hunts. We prohibit hunting in reforested areas. We prohibit hunting and/or shooting into or across any reforested area during the quota hunt for deer.
              (v) For the guided quota youth hunts, we consider youth to be ages 8 through 15.
              (vi) We will conduct a refuge-wide youth deer hunt. Hunt dates will be available at refuge headquarters typically in July. An adult age 18 or older must supervise a youth hunter age 15 or younger during the hunt. One adult may supervise only one youth during the deer hunt. A youth hunter must remain within normal voice contact of the supervising adult.
              (vii) Hunters may take only one deer (one buck or one doe) per day during refuge deer hunts except during guided youth and wheelchair-bound hunts when the limit will be one antlerless and one antlered deer per day.
              (viii) We designate refuge turkey hunt dates in the refuge hunting brochure (signed brochure).
              (ix) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (t)(1)(ii) through (iv) of this section apply.

              (x) We allow muzzleloader hunters to discharge their primitive firearms at the end of each hunt safely into the ground at least 150 feet (135 meters (m)) from any designated public road, maintained road, trail, fire break, dwelling, or aboveground oil and gas production facility. We define a “maintained road or trail” as one that has been mowed, disked, or plowed, or one that is free of trees.
              (xi) We prohibit deer hunters leaving deer stands unattended before the opening day of the refuge archery season. Hunters must remove stands by the end of the last day of the refuge archery season (see § 27.93 of this chapter). Hunters must clearly mark stands left unattended on the refuge with the stand owner's State hunting license number. Hunters must remove portable stands from trees each day and place freestanding stands in a nonhunting position when unattended.
              (xii) We allow hunting with slugs, rifle, or pistol ammunition larger than .22 caliber rimfire only during the quota hunts for deer. We prohibit use of buckshot when hunting.
              (xiii) We allow the incidental take of coyote, beaver, raccoon, and opossum when hunting for big game species with firearms and archery equipment authorized for use.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow anglers to enter the refuge no earlier than 4 a.m., and they must depart no later than 2 hours after legal sunset.
              (ii) We prohibit the taking of turtle (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (iii) We prohibit fish cleaning within 150 feet (45 m) of parking areas, maintained roads, and trails.
              (u) Upper Ouachita National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, coot, dove, and woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You must carry a signed refuge hunt permit (signed public use regulations brochure) and must carry and fill out daily a Visitor Check-In Permit and Report (FWS Form 3-2405).
              (ii) Hunters may only hunt during designated refuge seasons as listed in the signed refuge hunt permit.
              (iii) We allow waterfowl hunting until 12 p.m. (noon) during the State season.
              (iv) Hunters may enter the refuge no earlier than 4 a.m. and must exit the refuge no later than 1:30 p.m.
              (v) We prohibit hunting within 100 feet (30 meters (m)) of the maintained rights-of-way of roads and from or across all-terrain vehicle (ATV) trails. We prohibit hunting within 50 feet (15 m) of, or trespassing on, aboveground oil, gas, or electrical transmission facilities.
              (vi) When hunting migratory game birds, you may only use dogs to locate, point, and retrieve.
              (vii) We allow ATVs only on trails designated for their use and marked by signs (see § 27.31 of this chapter). ATV trails are closed March 1 through August 31.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of quail, squirrel, rabbit, raccoon, and opossum on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (u)(1)(i), (ii), (v), and (vii) of this section apply.
              (ii) You may enter the refuge no earlier than 4 a.m. and must exit no later than 2 hours after legal shooting hours.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (u)(1)(i), (ii), (v), and (vii) and (u)(2)(ii) of this section apply.
              (ii) Deer hunters must wear hunter orange as governed by State deer hunting regulations in wildlife management areas.
              (iii) We prohibit hunters from placing stands or hunting from stands on pine trees with white-painted bands and/or rings.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit leaving boats and other personal property on the refuge overnight (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (ii) You must tend trotlines daily. You must attach ends of trotlines by a length of cotton line that extends into the water.

              (iii) Recreational fishing using commercial gear (slat traps, etc.) requires a special refuge permit (Special Use Permit (FWS Form 3-1383-G)), which is available at the refuge office. You must possess and carry the special refuge permit while fishing using commercial gear.
              (iv) We prohibit the taking of turtle (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              [84 FR 47675, Sept. 10, 2019, as amended at 85 FR 54113, Aug. 31, 2020]

              § 32.38
              Maine.
              The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
              (a) Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, American woodcock, and snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require every hunter to possess and carry a personally signed refuge permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System).
              (ii) We allow hunters to enter the refuge 2 hours before legal shooting hours, and they must exit the refuge by 1 hour past legal shooting hours.
              (iii) We only allow portable or temporary blinds and decoys that must be removed from the refuge following each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (iv) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of ruffed grouse, snowshoe hare, red fox, gray and red squirrel, raccoon, skunk, and woodchuck on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (ii) (except for hunters pursuing raccoon at night), and (iv) of this section apply.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of black bear, bobcat, eastern coyote, moose, and white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (ii) (except for hunters pursuing eastern coyote at night), and (iv) of this section apply.
              (ii) The hunter must retrieve all species harvested on the refuge.
              (iii) We allow eastern coyote hunting from October 1 to March 31.
              (iv) We allow tree stands, blinds, and ladders. You must clearly label any tree stand, blind, or ladder left on the refuge overnight with your hunting license number. You must remove your tree stand(s), blind(s), and/or ladder(s) from the refuge on the last day of the muzzleloader deer season (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (v) You may hunt black bear, eastern coyote, and white-tailed deer during the State archery and firearms deer seasons on the Baring Division east of State Route 191.
              (vi) We prohibit use of firearms to hunt bear and coyote during the archery deer season on the Baring Division east of Route 191. We prohibit the use of firearms, other than a muzzleloader, to hunt coyote during the deer muzzleloader season on the Baring Division east of Route 191.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We only allow fishing from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 1/2 hour after legal sunset.
              (ii) We prohibit trapping fish for use as bait.
              (b) Petit Manan National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, woodcock, rail, and snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of upland game on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (ii) You may hunt coyotes from November 1 to March 31.
              (iii) Hunters must retrieve all species harvested on the refuge.
              (iv) We prohibit night hunting from 1/2 hour after legal sunset until 1/2 hour before legal sunrise the following day.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and black bear on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) Petit Manan Point is open only during the State-prescribed muzzleloader deer season.

              (ii) We allow black bear hunting during the firearm season for white-tailed deer.
              (iii) We allow hunters to enter the refuge 1 hour prior to legal sunrise and remain on the refuge 1 hour after legal sunset.
              (iv) We prohibit the use of dogs when hunting black bear.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (c) Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, coot, woodcock, and snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Prior to entering designated refuge hunting areas, you must obtain a refuge permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) and sign and carry the permit at all times.
              (ii) We open designated youth hunting areas to hunters age 15 and younger who possess and carry a refuge hunting permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System). Youth hunters must be accompanied by an adult age 18 or older. The accompanying adult must possess and carry a refuge hunting permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) and may also hunt.
              (iii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (iv) We only allow temporary blinds and stands, which you must remove at the end of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of pheasant, quail, grouse, fox, and coyote on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i) and (iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow take of pheasant, quail, and grouse by falconry on the refuge during State seasons.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions as set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i) and (iv) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow hunting with shotgun and archery only. We prohibit rifles and muzzleloading firearms for hunting.
              (iii) We allow turkey hunting during the fall season only, as designated by the State.
              (iv) We allow only archery on those areas of the Little River division open to hunting.
              (v) During the State firearm deer season, we only allow hunting of fox and coyote with archery or shotgun as incidental take with a refuge big game permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System).
              (vi) We allow hunting from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 1/2 hour after legal sunset.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow fishing from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 1/2 hour after legal sunset.
              (ii) We prohibit lead tackle.
              (iii) We prohibit trapping fish for use as bait.
              (d) Sunkhaze Meadows National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of upland game on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow hunters to enter the refuge 1 hour before legal shooting hours, and they must exit the refuge by 1 hour past legal shooting hours, except for hunters pursuing raccoons at night.
              (ii) The hunter must retrieve all species harvested on the refuge.
              (iii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of black bear, bobcat, moose, coyote, and white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) We allow hunters to enter the refuge 1 hour before legal shooting hours, and they must exit the refuge by 1 hour after legal shooting hours, except for hunters pursuing coyotes at night.

              (ii) We allow tree stands, blinds, and ladders. You must clearly label tree stands, blinds, or ladders left on the refuge overnight with your State hunting license number. You must remove your tree stand(s), blind(s), and/or ladder(s) from the refuge on the last day of the muzzleloader deer season (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (iii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (iv) We allow coyote hunting from October 1 to March 31.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We prohibit trapping fish for use as bait.
              (e) Umbagog National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, snipe, coot, crow, and woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of fox, raccoon, woodchuck, squirrel, porcupine, skunk, snowshoe hare, ring-necked pheasant, and ruffed grouse on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit night hunting from 1/2 hour after legal sunset until 1/2 hour before legal sunrise the following day.
              (ii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of bear, white-tailed deer, coyote, turkey, and moose on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (ii) Hunters must retrieve all species harvested on the refuge.
              (iii) We allow temporary blinds and tree stands that are clearly marked with the owner's State hunting license number. You may erect temporary blinds and tree stands no earlier than 14 days prior to the hunting season, and you must remove them within 14 days after the hunting season (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge.
              [85 FR 54115, Aug. 31, 2020]

              § 32.39
              Maryland.
              The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
              (a) Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose and duck on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) You must obtain, and possess while hunting, a refuge waterfowl hunting permit (signed brochure or printed and signed copy of permit from Recreation.gov).
              (ii) Up to three additional hunters may accompany you on your reserved unit.
              (iii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (2) [Reserved]
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow the hunting of white-tailed deer, sika deer, and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The general hunt regulations for this paragraph (a)(3) are:

              (A) You must obtain, and possess while hunting, a turkey or deer hunting permit (printed and signed copy of permit from Recreation.gov).
              (B) We prohibit organized deer drives unless authorized by the refuge manager. We define a “deer drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.
              (C) We prohibit shooting a projectile from a firearm, muzzleloader, bow, or crossbow from, down, or across any road that is traveled by vehicular traffic.
              (D) We prohibit the use of rimfire or centerfire rifles and all handguns, including muzzleloading pistols, for hunting.

              (ii) We do not allow archery deer hunters to hunt within areas designated for the youth hunt on designated days.

              (iii) We allow turkey hunt permit holders (printed and signed copy of permit from Recreation.gov) to have an assistant, who must remain within sight and normal voice contact and abide by the rules set forth in the refuge's turkey brochure.

              (iv) We allow youth deer and turkey hunters to hunt on designated areas on designated days (youth hunt) if they meet the criteria of a “youth hunter” as governed by State law and possess a turkey or deer hunting permit (printed and signed copy of permit from Recreation.gov).
              (v) For the designated disabled hunt: (A) We require disabled hunters to have their America the Beautiful Access pass (OMB Control 1024-0252) in their possession while hunting in disabled areas.

              (B) Disabled hunters may have an assistant, age 18 or older, who must remain within sight and normal voice contact while hunting. Assistants must possess a printed and signed copy of a permit from Recreation.gov and a valid government-issued photo identification.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing and crabbing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow fishing and crabbing only from April 1 through September 30 from legal sunrise to legal sunset in refuge waters, unless otherwise authorized by the refuge manager.
              (ii) We allow fishing and crabbing by boat in the Big Blackwater and the Little Blackwater River.
              (b) Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(2) [Reserved]
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) General hunt regulations for this paragraph (b)(3). (A) You must obtain, and possess while hunting, a deer or turkey hunting permit (printed and signed copy of permit from Recreation.gov).
              (B) We prohibit shooting a projectile from a firearm, muzzleloader, bow, or crossbow from, down, or across any road that is traveled by vehicular traffic.
              (C) We prohibit the use of rimfire or centerfire rifles and all handguns, including muzzleloading pistols, for hunting.

              (ii) We allow youth deer hunters to hunt on designated areas on designated days (youth hunt) if they meet the criteria of a “youth hunter” as governed by State law and possess a printed and signed copy of a permit from Recreation.gov.

              (iii) For the designated disabled hunt: (A) We require disabled hunters to have their America the Beautiful Access pass (OMB Control 1024-0252) in their possession while hunting in disabled areas.

              (B) Disabled hunters may have an assistant who must be age 18 or older and remain within sight and normal voice contact. Assistants must possess a printed and signed copy of a permit from Recreation.gov and a valid government-issued photo identification.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing and crabbing in designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow fishing and crabbing from designated shoreline areas located at the Ingleside Recreation Area from legal sunrise to legal sunset, April 1 through September 30.
              (ii) We allow fishing from designated shoreline areas located at the Chester River end of Boxes Point and Duck Inn Trails from legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (c) Patuxent Research Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, and dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require a National Wildlife Refuge System Hunt Application (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System), and a signed Statement of Hunter Ethics (FWS Form 3-2516).
              (ii) We prohibit hunting and scouting on Sundays and Federal holidays. No hunt-related activities may take place unless the Hunting Control Station is open.
              (iii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.

              (iv) We prohibit wading in all impounded waters except for the placement and retrieval of decoys.

              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of gray squirrel, eastern cottontail rabbit, and woodchuck on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section apply.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of turkey and white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i) and (ii) apply.
              (ii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a “deer drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require a National Wildlife Refuge System Fishing/Shrimping/Crabbing/Frogging Application (FWS Form 3-2358).
              (ii) We prohibit the use and/or possession of lead sinkers.
              [85 FR 54116, Aug. 31, 2020]

              § 32.40
              Massachusetts.
              The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
              (a) Assabet River National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of waterfowl and woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow hunters to enter the refuge 11/2 hours before legal shooting hours, and they must exit the refuge by 11/2 hours after legal shooting hours.
              (ii) Hunters must obtain and possess a refuge-specific hunting permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) to hunt on the refuge.
              (iii) You may begin scouting hunting areas 4 weeks prior to the opening day of your permitted season. We require possession of a valid refuge hunting permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) while scouting.
              (iv) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (v) One nonhunting companion may accompany each permitted hunter. We prohibit nonhunting companions from hunting, but they may assist in other means. All companions must carry identification and stay with the hunter.
              (vi) Hunters may use temporary tree stands and ground blinds while engaged in hunting during the applicable seasons. Hunters must mark stands and blinds with their permit number. Hunters must remove all stands and blinds within 30 days after the end of the permitted season.
              (vii) Migratory waterfowl hunting hours are 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of ruffed grouse, fox, coyote, gray squirrel, and cottontail rabbit on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (vi) of this section apply.
              (ii) Upland and big game hunting hours are 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 1/2 hour after legal sunset.
              (iii) North Unit B, Unit C, and South Unit are archery only.
              (iv) We prohibit the use of handguns or rifles for hunting.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, turkey, and bear on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (iii), (v), and (vi), and (2)(ii) through (iv) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a “deer drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow catch-and-release fishing only.

              (ii) We allow the use of live bait with the exception of any amphibians or reptiles (frogs, salamanders, etc.).
              (b) Great Meadows National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of waterfowl on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow hunters to enter the refuge 11/2 hours before legal shooting hours, and they must exit the refuge by 11/2 hours after legal shooting hours.
              (ii) Hunters must obtain and possess a refuge-specific hunting permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) to hunt on the refuge.
              (iii) Hunters may begin scouting hunting areas 4 weeks prior to the opening day of your permitted season. We require possession of a valid hunting permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) while scouting.
              (iv) One nonhunting companion may accompany each permitted hunter. We prohibit nonhunting companions from hunting, but they may assist in other means. All companions must carry identification and stay with the hunter.
              (v) Hunters may use temporary tree stands and ground blinds while engaged in hunting during the applicable seasons. Hunters must mark stands and blinds with their permit number. Hunters must remove all stands and blinds within 30 days after the end of the permitted season.
              (vi) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (vii) Migratory waterfowl hunting hours are 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of coyote on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (iii), (iv), and (vi) of this section apply.
              (ii) Upland and big game hunting hours are 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 1/2 hour after legal sunset.
              (iii) We allow archery hunting only for upland game.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow archery hunting of whitetail deer, turkey, and bear on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (v) and (b)(2)(ii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a “deer drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge.
              (c) Mashpee National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow migratory game bird hunting on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow hunters to access the refuge 11/2 hours before legal shooting hours until 11/2 hours after legal shooting hours.
              (ii) Hunters may begin scouting hunting areas 4 weeks prior to the opening day of your permitted season. We require possession of a valid refuge hunting permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) while scouting.
              (iii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (iv) One nonhunting companion may accompany each permitted hunter. We prohibit nonhunting companions from hunting, but they may assist in other means. All companions must carry identification and stay with the hunter.
              (v) Hunters must clearly label tree stands and ground blinds with their State hunting license number.
              (vi) Migratory waterfowl hunting hours are 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of coyote, fox, raccoon, opossum, gray squirrel, quail, pheasant, crow, and ruffed grouse on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (iv) of this section apply.

              (ii) Upland and big game hunting hours are 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 1/2 hour after legal sunset.

              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and wild turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i), (ii), (iv), and (v), and (c)(2)(ii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a “deer drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (d) Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory waterfowl on designated areas of the refuge by boat subject to the following condition: We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (2)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow fishing from legal sunrise to legal sunset on designated portions of the Monomoy Islands unless otherwise posted.
              (ii) We allow surf fishing from the Morris Island shore 24 hours a day.
              (e) Nantucket National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge.
              (f) Oxbow National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of waterfowl, woodcock, and Wilson's snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow hunters to enter the refuge 11/2 hours before legal shooting hours, and they must exit the refuge by 11/2 hours after legal shooting hours.
              (ii) Hunters must obtain and possess a refuge-specific hunting permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) to hunt on the refuge.
              (iii) Hunters may begin scouting hunting areas 4 weeks prior to the opening day of your permitted season. We require possession of a valid refuge hunting permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) while scouting.
              (iv) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (v) Hunters may use temporary tree stands and ground blinds while engaged in hunting during the applicable seasons. Hunters must mark stands and blinds with their permit number. Hunters must remove all stands and blinds within 30 days after the end of the permitted season.
              (vi) One nonhunting companion may accompany each permitted hunter. We prohibit nonhunting companions from hunting, but they can assist in other means. All companions must carry identification and stay with the hunter.
              (vii) Migratory waterfowl hunting hours are 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of ruffed grouse, gray squirrel, coyote, fox, and eastern cottontail rabbit on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (f)(1)(i) through (vi) of this section apply.
              (ii) Upland and big game hunting hours are 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 1/2 hour after legal sunset.
              (iii) Hospital Road North Unit and Still River Depot Area are archery only.
              (iv) We prohibit the use of handguns or rifles for hunting.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, turkey, and bear on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (f)(1)(i) through (iii), (v), and (vi) and (2)(ii) and (iv) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a “deer drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing in designated areas of the refuge.
              (g) Parker River National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, brant, coot, crow, merganser, rail, snipe, and woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Hunters may enter the refuge 1/2 hour before legal shooting hours and must exit the refuge by 1/2 hour after legal shooting hours.
              (ii) We prohibit the use of centerfire rifles and handguns to hunt any species.
              (iii) We prohibit shooting across refuge roads and within or into administratively closed zones.
              (iv) We prohibit launching motorized boats for scouting purposes prior to hunting.
              (v) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (vi) We allow crow hunting only from September 1 through February 28.
              (vii) Migratory waterfowl hunting hours are 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of ruffed grouse, pheasant, cottontail rabbit, hare, gray squirrel, coyote, fox, raccoon, and opossum on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (g)(1)(i) through (iii), and (v) (with the exception that we prohibit dogs while hunting furbearers) of this section apply.
              (ii) Upland and big game hunting hours are 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 1/2 hour after legal sunset.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and wild turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (g)(1)(i) through (iii) and (g)(2)(ii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on Plum Island subject to the following conditions:
              (A) We allow archery, primitive firearms, shotgun, and crossbow (by MassWildlife permit only, for certain disabled persons) hunting during a designated 2-day hunt on the first Wednesday and Thursday of the State shotgun deer season.
              (B) You must have a lottery-issued hunt permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) to hunt during this 2-day time period.
              (iii) We allow hunting of deer and wild turkey in Areas A, B, C, and D subject to the following condition: You may take deer using archery equipment only.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow saltwater fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow saltwater fishing on the ocean beach from legal sunrise to legal sunset without a refuge permit.
              (ii) Stage Island is open to fishing from legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (iii) Nelson Island is open to fishing from legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (iv) We allow walk-on night fishing after legal sunset with a valid refuge permit (FWS Form 3-2358, National Wildlife Refuge System Fishing/Shrimping/Crabbing/Frogging Application; vehicle sticker issued by the refuge office).
              (v) We allow anglers to use over-the-sand, surf-fishing vehicles, or off-road vehicles (ORVs) with a valid refuge permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) and permit fee, as determined in an annual lottery.
              (h) Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds on designated areas subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Hunters may access the refuge 11/2 hours before legal sunrise until 11/2 hours after legal sunset.
              (ii) We prohibit access to Third Island between January 1 and June 30.
              (iii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (iv) Migratory waterfowl hunting hours are 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of upland game on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (h)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) Upland and big game hunting hours are 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 1/2 hour after legal sunset.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of big game on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The conditions set forth at paragraphs (h)(1)(i) and (h)(2)(ii) of this section apply.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (h)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit launching of motorboats from the refuge.
              (iii) We prohibit the use of reptiles and amphibians as bait.
              [84 FR 47675, Sept. 10, 2019, as amended at 85 FR 54117, Aug. 31, 2020]

              § 32.41
              Michigan.
              The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
              (a) Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, rail, gallinule, coot, woodcock, and snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You must remove all of your blinds, boats, and decoys from the refuge each day (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (ii) We allow refuge access from 11/2 hours prior to legal sunrise until 1 hour after legal sunset.
              (iii) We allow the use of dogs while hunting, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (iv) We allow hunting of waterfowl only on the Plum Creek Bay Unit of the refuge and only through boat access.
              (v) We allow hunting of waterfowl only on the Brancheau Unit of the refuge as governed by Pointe Mouillee State Game Area special hunt regulations and subject to the following conditions:
              (A) You must obtain and possess a State-issued permit for this unit by entering the Michigan Department of Natural Resources' daily drawing at the Pointe Mouillee State Game Area.
              (B) You must remain with 75 feet (22.5 meters) of your assigned blind or numbered post. We allow an exception for unarmed (hunting weapons) retrieval of waterfowl.
              (C) We allow only nonmotorized boats.
              (D) We prohibit shot size larger than BBB.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of pheasant, squirrel, rabbit, fox, raccoon, and coyote on designated areas of the refuge and subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) You may possess only approved nontoxic shot (see § 32.2(k)) while in the field with the following exception: While hunting fox, coyotes, and raccoons in units where we allow it, you may use single projectile shot such as bullets, slugs, or muzzleloader bullets containing lead. We prohibit the use of buckshot for any hunting on the refuge.
              (iii) On the Humbug Island Unit, you may only hunt with shotgun shells or archery equipment.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of deer and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section apply.
              (ii) For wild turkey hunting, you may possess only approved nontoxic shot (see § 32.2(k)) while in the field.
              (iii) For deer hunting, you may possess only single projectile shot. We prohibit the use of buckshot for any hunting on the refuge.
              (iv) We allow portable tree stands for deer hunting. We allow only one tree stand per hunter per refuge unit.
              (v) For Humbug Marsh Mainland only:
              (A) You must obtain and possess a State-issued permit for this unit by entering the Michigan Department of Natural Resources' annual drawing.
              (B) You must obtain and possess a state access permit (issued by the refuge) for the date on which you are hunting in the Humbug Marsh Unit.
              (C) You must hunt from a provided fixed hunting platform and/or blind.

              (vi) The Humbug Island Unit is closed to firearm deer hunting. We allow only archery deer hunting on Humbug Island.

              (vii) The Fix Unit is closed to firearm deer hunting. We allow only archery deer hunting in the Fix Unit.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (b) Harbor Island National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(2) [Reserved]
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and black bear subject to the following condition: We prohibit the use of dogs when hunting.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (c) Kirtland's Warbler Wildlife Management Area—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow migratory game bird hunting.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow upland game hunting.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow big game hunting.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (d) Michigan Wetland Management District—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Hunters must remove boats, decoys, blinds, and blind materials at the end of each day (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (ii) We allow the use of dogs while hunting, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of upland game subject to the following condition: The conditions set forth at paragraphs (d)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section apply.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow the hunting of big game.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge.
              (e) Seney National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of woodcock and snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We allow the use of dogs when hunting migratory birds, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of ruffed grouse and snowshoe hare on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We allow the use of dogs when hunting upland game, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow the hunting of deer and bear on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We prohibit the use of dogs while deer or bear hunting.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit the use of fishing weights or lures containing lead.
              (ii) We allow ice fishing from January 1 through the end of February.
              (iii) Anglers must remove ice fishing shelters and all other personal property from the refuge each day (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (iv) We allow fishing on designated refuge pools from May 15 through September 30.
              (v) We allow fishing only from legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (f) Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of waterfowl (duck and goose), American coot, common gallinule, sora, Virginia rail, and Wilson's snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You must possess and carry a refuge check-in card.
              (ii) We allow waterfowl hunting on Saturdays, Sundays, Tuesdays, and Thursdays during the regular goose season after September 30.
              (iii) We allow hunter access to the refuge 11/2 hours before legal shooting time.
              (iv) You may possess no more than 25 shotgun shells while hunting in the field.
              (v) We allow the use of dogs while hunting, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (vi) We allow the take of feral hogs incidental to other lawful hunting using legal methods of take.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of turkey, small game (eastern fox squirrel, eastern cottontail, ring-necked pheasant, American woodcock, and American crow), and furbearers (raccoon, coyote, and red fox) on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (f)(1)(vi) of this section applies.

              (ii) You may only hunt turkey during the spring season.

              (iii) We allow hunter access for the spring wild turkey season from 11/2 hours before legal shooting time to 1/2 hour after legal shooting time.
              (iv) We allow hunter access for small game hunting from 1/2 hour before legal shooting time to 1/2 hour after legal shooting time.
              (v) We allow hunter access for furbearer hunting from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 1/2 hour after legal sunset.
              (vi) We allow dogs for hunting. Raccoon hunting dogs must wear global positioning system (GPS) or radio collars.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (f)(1)(vi) of this section applies.
              (ii) You must possess and carry a refuge permit (State-issued permit).
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow fishing by boat in navigable waterways but not within any managed refuge units.
              (ii) We allow bank fishing from legal sunrise to legal sunset only at designated sites along the Tittabawassee and Cass Rivers.

              § 32.42
              Minnesota.
              The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
              (a) Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow youth waterfowl hunting on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow the use of dogs while hunting, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (ii) Hunters must dismantle hunting blinds, platforms, and ladders made from natural vegetation at the end of each day.
              (iii) You must remove all boats, decoys, blind materials, stands, platforms, cameras, and other personal property brought onto the refuge at the end of each day (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (iv) We close the refuge from 7 p.m. to 5:30 a.m.
              (v) We allow the use of motorless boats for hunting.
              (vi) We only allow waterfowl hunting during the State's youth waterfowl season.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of ruffed grouse and sharp-tailed grouse on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (v) of this section apply.
              (ii) We only allow hunting from the opening of the State's deer firearms season to the close of the State's ruffed grouse and sharp-tailed grouse seasons, respectively.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and moose on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(ii) through (v) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit shooting on, from, over, across, or within 30 feet (9 meters) of a roadway open to motorized public vehicle transportation at a big game animal or a decoy of a big game animal.
              (iii) We only allow archery hunting from the start of the State's deer firearms season, and close as governed by the State's archery deer season.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (b) Big Stone National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We prohibit the hunting of migratory game birds. We allow the unarmed retrieval of waterfowl, legally taken outside the refuge, up to 100 yards (90 meters) inside the refuge boundary.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of ring-necked pheasant, Hungarian partridge, cottontail and jack rabbit, raccoon, striped skunk, gray and fox squirrel, red and gray fox, and wild turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) For wild turkey hunting, you may use or possess only approved nontoxic shot shells (see § 32.2(k)) while in the field.

              (ii) We allow the use of dogs for upland game bird hunting only, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (iii) Hunters must dismantle hunting blinds, platforms, and ladders made from natural vegetation at the end of each day.
              (iv) You must remove all boats, decoys, blind materials, stands, platforms, and other personal property brought onto the refuge at the end of each day (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (v) You may only hunt fox and raccoon from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until legal sunset from the beginning of the State season through the last day of February.
              (vi) You may only hunt striped skunk from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until legal sunset from September 1 through the last day of February.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit shooting on, from, over, across, or within 30 feet (9 meters) of a roadway open to public vehicle transportation at a big game animal or a decoy of a big game animal.
              (ii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(2)(iii) and (iv) of this section apply.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow only bank fishing on all refuge pools and open marshes.
              (ii) We prohibit the taking of any turtle, frog, leech, minnow, crayfish, and mussel (clam) species by any method on the refuge (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (c) Big Stone Wetland Management District—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds throughout the district subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow the use of dogs for hunting, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (ii) Hunters must dismantle hunting blinds, platforms, and ladders made from natural vegetation at the end of each day.
              (iii) You must remove all boats, decoys, blind materials, stands, platforms, and other personal property brought onto the district at the end of each day (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow upland game hunting throughout the district subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) You may use or possess only approved nontoxic shot shells (see § 32.2(k)) in the field while hunting turkey.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer throughout the district subject to the following condition: The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(ii) and (iii) of this section apply.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing throughout the district subject to the following condition: The condition set forth at paragraph (c)(1)(iii) of this section applies.
              (d) Crane Meadows National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow the hunting of goose, duck, merganser, coot, woodcock, common moorhen, mourning dove, Sora/Virginia rail, crow, and common snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require a signed hunt brochure. You must carry this signed brochure when hunting on the refuge.
              (ii) We allow the use of dogs while hunting, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (iii) Hunters must dismantle hunting blinds, platforms, and ladders made from natural vegetation at the end of each day.
              (iv) You must remove all boats, decoys, blind materials, stands, platforms, and other personal property brought onto the refuge at the end of each day (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).

              (v) We prohibit entry onto the refuge earlier than 2 hours before legal shooting time, and we require hunters to leave the refuge no later than 2 hours after legal shooting time.

              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of ruffed grouse; ring-necked pheasant; red, gray, and fox squirrel; cottontail rabbit; jackrabbit; snowshoe hare; red and gray fox; raccoon; badger; bobcat; coyote; striped skunk; opossum; long and short tailed weasel; and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (d)(1)(ii) through (v) of this section apply.
              (ii) You may use or possess only approved nontoxic shot shells (see § 32.2(k)) in the field while hunting turkey.
              (iii) We allow the use of dogs when hunting, except when hunting furbearers, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (d)(1)(i), (iii), and (iv) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit shooting on, from, over, across, or within 30 feet (9 meters) of a roadway open to public vehicle transportation at a big game animal or a decoy of a big game animal.
              (iii) We prohibit the possession of hunting firearms or archery equipment on areas closed to deer hunting.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (e) Detroit Lakes Wetland Management District—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds throughout the district, except that we prohibit hunting on the Headquarters waterfowl production area (WPA) in Becker County, the Hitterdal WPA in Clay County, and the McIntosh WPA in Polk County. The following conditions apply:
              (i) We allow the use of dogs for hunting, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (ii) Hunters must dismantle hunting blinds, platforms, and ladders made from natural vegetation at the end of each day.
              (iii) You must remove all boats, decoys, blind materials, stands, platforms, and other personal property brought onto the district at the end of each day (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow upland game hunting throughout the district, except that we prohibit hunting on the Headquarters WPA in Becker County, the Hitterdal WPA in Clay County, and the McIntosh WPA in Polk County. The following conditions apply:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (e)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) You may use or possess only approved nontoxic shot shells (see § 32.2(k)) in the field while hunting turkey.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow big game hunting throughout the district, except that we prohibit hunting on the Headquarters WPA in Becker County, the Hitterdal WPA in Clay County, and the McIntosh WPA in Polk County. The following conditions apply:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (e)(1)(ii) and (iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) Hunters may use portable stands.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing throughout the district subject to the following condition: The condition set forth at paragraph (e)(1)(iii) of this section applies.
              (f) Fergus Falls Wetland Management District—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds throughout the district, except that we prohibit hunting on the Townsend, Mavis, and Gilmore waterfowl production areas (WPAs) and the building and administrative area of Knollwood WPA in Otter Tail County, and on the Larson WPA in Douglas County. The following conditions apply:
              (i) We allow the use of dogs while hunting, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (ii) Hunters must dismantle hunting blinds, platforms, and ladders made from natural vegetation at the end of each day.

              (iii) You must remove all boats, decoys, blind materials, stands, platforms, and other personal property brought onto the district at the end of each day (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).

              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow upland game hunting throughout the district, except that we prohibit hunting on the Townsend, Mavis, and Gilmore WPAs and in designated portions of Knollwood WPA in Otter Tail County, and on the Larson WPA in Douglas County. The following conditions apply:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (f)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) You may use and possess only approved nontoxic shot shells (see § 32.2(k)) in the field while hunting turkey.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow big game hunting throughout the district, except that we prohibit hunting on the Townsend, Mavis, and Gilmore WPAs and the building and administrative area of Knollwood WPA in Otter Tail County, and on the Larson WPA in Douglas County. The following condition applies: The conditions set forth at paragraphs (f)(1)(ii) and (iii) of this section apply.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing throughout the district, except that we prohibit hunting on the Townsend, Mavis, and Gilmore WPAs and the building and administrative area of Knollwood WPA in Otter Tail County, and on the Larson WPA in Douglas County. The following condition applies: The condition set forth at paragraph (f)(1)(iii) of this section applies.
              (g) Glacial Ridge National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, coot, woodcock, snipe, rail, and mourning dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow the use of dogs while hunting, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (ii) Hunters must dismantle hunting blinds, platforms, and ladders made from natural vegetation at the end of each day.
              (iii) You must remove all boats, decoys, blind materials, stands, platforms, and other personal property brought onto the refuge at the end of each day (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (iv) We allow nonmotorized boats in areas open to migratory bird hunting during the migratory bird hunting seasons.
              (v) We prohibit hunting during the Spring Light Goose Conservation Order.
              (vi) We allow hunting during special State-administered youth seasons.

              (vii) We allow the use of wheeled, nonmotorized conveyance devices (e.g., bikes, game carts).
              (viii) We prohibit entry onto the refuge earlier than 2 hours before legal shooting time, and we require hunters to leave the refuge no later than 2 hours after legal shooting time.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of prairie chicken, sharp-tailed grouse, ring-necked pheasant, gray (Hungarian) partridge, ruffed grouse, rabbit (cottontail and jack), snowshoe hare, squirrel (fox and gray), and wild turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (g)(1)(i) through (iii) and (vi) through (viii) of this section apply.
              (ii) You may use or possess only approved nontoxic shot shells (see § 32.2(k)) in the field while hunting turkey.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (g)(1)(ii) through (iii) and (vi) through (viii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit shooting on, from, over, across, or within 30 feet (9 meters) of a roadway open to public vehicle transportation at a big game animal or a decoy of a big game animal.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (h) Hamden Slough National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of waterfowl on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We only allow youth waterfowl hunting on the State's youth waterfowl day.
              (ii) We allow the use of dogs while hunting, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.

              (iii) Hunters must dismantle hunting blinds, platforms, and ladders made from natural vegetation at the end of each day.

              (iv) You must remove all boats, decoys, blind materials, stands, platforms, and other personal property brought onto the refuge at the end of each day (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (v) We prohibit entry to hunting areas earlier than 2 hours before legal shooting hours.
              (2) [Reserved]
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We only allow hunting during the State's muzzleloader season with muzzleloaders.
              (ii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (h)(1)(iii) and (iv) of this section apply.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (i) Litchfield Wetland Management District—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds throughout the district, except we prohibit hunting on that part of the Phare Lake waterfowl production area (WPA) in Renville County that lies within the Phare Lake State Game Refuge. The following conditions apply:
              (i) We allow the use of dogs while hunting, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (ii) Hunters must dismantle hunting blinds, platforms, and ladders made from natural vegetation at the end of each day.
              (iii) You must remove all boats, decoys, blind materials, stands, platforms, and other personal property brought onto the district at the end of each day (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow upland game hunting throughout the district, except we prohibit hunting on that part of the Phare Lake WPA in Renville County. The following conditions apply:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (i)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) You may use and possess only approved nontoxic shot shells (see § 32.2(k)) in the field while hunting turkey.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow big game hunting throughout the district, except we prohibit hunting on that part of the Phare Lake WPA in Renville County that lies within the Phare Lake State Game Refuge. The following condition applies: The conditions set forth at paragraph (i)(1)(ii) and (iii) of this section apply.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing throughout the district subject to the following condition: The condition set forth at paragraph (i)(1)(iii) of this section applies.
              (j) Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow the hunting of goose, duck, merganser, moorhen, coot, rail, woodcock, common snipe, and mourning dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require a special use permit (FWS Form 3-1383-G) for refuge-specific special hunts and refuge-specific population management hunts.
              (ii) We prohibit the discharge of a weapon on, from, across, or within 100 feet (30 meters) of any service road, parking area, or designated hiking trail.
              (iii) Hunters must dismantle hunting blinds, platforms, and ladders made from natural vegetation at the end of each day.
              (iv) You must remove all boats, decoys, blind materials, stands, platforms, and other personal property brought onto the refuge at the end of each day (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (v) We prohibit entry into the refuge earlier than 2 hours before legal shooting time.
              (vi) We allow the use of dogs while hunting migratory birds, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (vii) We prohibit hunting during the State spring goose hunt.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of ruffed grouse, gray partridge, ring-necked pheasant, American crow, squirrel (gray, fox, and red), snowshoe hare, cottontail rabbit, jackrabbit, raccoon, fox (red and gray), striped skunk, coyote, opossum, and wild turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (j)(1)(i) through (v) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit single projectile ammunition for hunting upland game and furbearers, except that we allow hunters to use small-caliber rimfire rifles and handguns (.22 caliber and smaller) on designated areas of the refuge.
              (iii) We prohibit the use of dogs for hunting furbearers. We allow the use of dogs while hunting upland game birds.
              (iv) You may use or possess only approved nontoxic shot shells (see § 32.2(k)) in the field while hunting turkey.
              (v) You may only hunt fox, opossum, and raccoon from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until legal sunset, from the beginning of the State season through the last day of February, on designated areas of the refuge.
              (vi) You may only hunt coyotes and skunks from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until legal sunset, from September 1 through the last day of February, on designated areas of the refuge.
              (vii) You may only hunt crows during the State-designated crow seasons, which occur between September 1 and the last day of February, on designated areas of the refuge.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The conditions set forth at paragraphs (j)(1)(i) through (v) of this section apply.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge during daylight hours subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (j)(1)(iv) of this section applies.
              (ii) We prohibit the taking of any turtle, frog, leech, minnow, crayfish, and mussel (clam) species by any method on the refuge (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (k) Minnesota Valley Wetland Management District—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds throughout the district subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Hunters must dismantle hunting blinds, platforms, and ladders made from natural vegetation at the end of each day.
              (ii) You must remove all boats, decoys, blind materials, stands, platforms, and other personal property brought onto the district at the end of each day (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (iii) We allow the use of dogs while hunting, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow upland game hunting throughout the district subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (k)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit the possession of single projectile ammunition for hunting on the Soberg waterfowl production area (WPA).
              (iii) You may use or possess only approved nontoxic shot shells (see § 32.2(k)) in the field while hunting turkey.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow big game hunting throughout the district subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (k)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit firearms deer hunting on Soberg WPA.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing throughout the district subject to the following conditions: The condition set forth at paragraph (k)(1)(ii) of this section applies.
              (l) Morris Wetland Management District—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds throughout the district, except that we prohibit hunting on the designated portions of the Edward-Long Lake waterfowl production area (WPA) in Stevens County. The following conditions apply:
              (i) We allow the use of dogs while hunting, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (ii) Hunters must dismantle hunting blinds, platforms, and ladders, including those made from natural vegetation at the end of each day.

              (iii) All boats, decoys, blind materials, stands, platforms, and other personal property (see 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter) brought onto the WPA, must be removed at the end of each day.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of upland game, except that we prohibit hunting on the designated portions of the Edward-Long Lake WPA in Stevens County. The following conditions apply:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (l)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) You may use and possess only approved nontoxic shot shells (see § 32.2(k)) in the field while hunting turkey.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of deer throughout the district, except that we prohibit hunting on the designated portions of the Edward-Long Lake WPA in Stevens County. The following condition applies: The conditions set forth at paragraphs (l)(1)(ii) and (iii) of this section apply.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing throughout the district, except that we prohibit fishing on the designated portions of the Edward-Long WPA in Stevens County. The following condition applies: The condition set forth at paragraph (l)(1)(iii) of this section applies.
              (m) Northern Tallgrass Prairie National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, merganser, moorhen, coot, rail (Virginia and sora only), woodcock, common snipe, mourning dove, and sandhill crane subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow the use of dogs while hunting, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (ii) Hunters must dismantle hunting blinds, platforms, and ladders made from natural vegetation at the end of each day.
              (iii) You must remove all boats, decoys, blind materials, stands, platforms, and other personal property brought onto the refuge at the end of each day (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (iv) We allow hunting on the unit located within the Hiawatha Game Refuge in Pipestone County, as governed by applicable State regulations.
              (v) We allow hunting on the Spieker tract in Clay County, as governed by applicable State regulations.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of wild turkey, ring-necked pheasant, Hungarian partridge, prairie chicken, spruce grouse, ruffed grouse, sharp-tailed grouse, rabbit (cottontail and jack), snowshoe hare, squirrel (fox and gray), raccoon, opossum, fox (red and gray), badger, coyote, bobcat, striped skunk, and crow on designated areas subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (m)(1)(ii) through (iv) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit the use of dogs for hunting furbearers. For all other upland game, we allow the use of dogs while hunting, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (iii) You may use or possess only approved nontoxic shells (see § 32.2(k)) in the field while hunting turkey.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of deer, elk, and black bear on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (m)(1)(ii) through (iv) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit shooting on, from, over, across, or within 30 feet (9 meters) of a roadway open to public vehicle transportation at a big game animal or a decoy of a big game animal.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit the taking of any turtle, frog, leech, minnow, crayfish, and mussel (clam) species by any method on the refuge (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (ii) The condition set forth at paragraph (m)(1)(iii) of this section applies.
              (n) Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of woodcock and common snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) We allow the use of dogs while hunting, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.

              (ii) Hunters must dismantle hunting blinds, platforms, and ladders made from natural vegetation at the end of each day.
              (iii) You must remove all boats, decoys, blind materials, stands, platforms, and other personal property brought onto the refuge at the end of each day (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of ruffed grouse, spruce grouse, gray and fox squirrel, cottontail rabbit, and snowshoe hare on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The conditions set forth at paragraphs (n)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section apply.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require a State-issued permit for firearms hunting.
              (ii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (n)(1)(ii) and (iii) of this section apply.
              (iii) We prohibit shooting on, from, over, across, or within 30 feet (9 meters) of a roadway open to public vehicle transportation at a big game animal or a decoy of a big game animal.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We only allow fishing from nonmotorized boats or boats powered by electric motors in designated areas.
              (ii) The condition set forth at paragraph (n)(1)(iii) of this section applies.
              (iii) We prohibit the taking of any turtle, frog, leech, minnow, crayfish, and mussel (clam) species by any method on the refuge (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (o) Rydell National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, coot, woodcock, and mourning dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We only allow hunting of goose, duck, and coot during the special State-administered youth waterfowl season.
              (ii) We allow the use of dogs while hunting, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (iii) Hunters must dismantle hunting blinds, platforms, and ladders made from natural vegetation at the end of each day.
              (iv) We allow nonmotorized boats in areas open to migratory bird hunting during the special State-administered youth waterfowl season.
              (v) We prohibit hunting during the Spring Light Goose Conservation Order.

              (vi) We allow the use of wheeled, nonmotorized conveyance devices (e.g., bikes, game carts).
              (vii) We prohibit entry onto the refuge earlier than 2 hours before legal shooting time, and we require hunters to leave the refuge no later than 2 hours after legal shooting time.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of ring-necked pheasant, gray (Hungarian) partridge, ruffed grouse, prairie grouse, rabbit (cottontail and jack), snowshoe hare, squirrel (fox and gray), and wild turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (o)(1)(ii), (iii), (vi), and (vii) of this section apply.
              (ii) You may use or possess only approved nontoxic shot shells (see § 32.2(k)) in the field while hunting turkey.
              (iii) We prohibit the use of centerfire, rimfire, or muzzleloading rifles, and handguns.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit shooting at a big game animal or a decoy of a big game animal on, from, over, across, or within 30 feet (9 meters) of a roadway open to public vehicle transportation.
              (ii) We require a State-issued permit to hunt white-tailed deer in the Special Permit Area of the refuge.
              (iii) Archery is the only legal weapon for hunting deer, with the exception of during the special State-administered mentored youth hunt and disabled hunt.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) We prohibit the taking of any turtle, frog, leech, minnow, crayfish, and mussel (clam) species by any method on the refuge (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (ii) We allow fishing from May 1 through November 1.
              (p) Sherburne National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, coot, rail, woodcock, and snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow the use of dogs while hunting, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (ii) Hunters must dismantle hunting blinds, platforms, and ladders made from natural vegetation at the end of each day.
              (iii) You must remove all boats, decoys, blind materials, stands, platforms, and other personal property brought onto the refuge at the end of each day (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (iv) We prohibit entry onto the refuge earlier than 2 hours before legal shooting time, and we require hunters to leave the refuge no later than 2 hours after legal shooting time.
              (v) We prohibit hunting from March 1 through August 31.
              (vi) We allow only nonmotorized boats, and they must be launched at designated access sites.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of ruffed grouse, ring-necked pheasant, gray and fox squirrel, snowshoe hare, cottontail rabbit, jackrabbit, and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (p)(1)(i) through (v) of this section apply.
              (ii) We close the refuge to turkey hunting, except we allow a turkey hunt for youth hunters and persons with disabilities by special use permit (FWS Form 3-1383-G).
              (iii) You may use or possess only approved nontoxic shot shells (see § 32.2(k)) in the field while hunting turkey.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (p)(1)(ii) through (vi) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit shooting on, from, over, across, or within 30 feet (9 meters) of a roadway open to public vehicle transportation at a big game animal or a decoy of a big game animal.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit the taking of any turtle, frog, leech, minnow, crayfish, and mussel (clam) species by any method on the refuge (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (ii) From March 1 through August 31 (the refuge wildlife sanctuary period), we allow fishing only from nonmotorized boats on the designated canoe route and on banks within 100 yards (91.44 meters) both upstream and downstream of designated access points.
              (q) Tamarac National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow the hunting of goose, duck, coot, woodcock, snipe, rail (Virginia and Sora), mourning dove, and American crow on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Hunting by tribal members is governed by White Earth Reservation regulations on those portions of the Reservation that are a part of the refuge.
              (ii) You must remove all boats, decoys, blind materials, stands, platforms, and other personal property brought onto the refuge at the end of each day (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (iii) We allow the use of dogs while hunting, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (iv) You may hunt American crow from September 1 through the end of February within all migratory bird hunting areas, and from March 1 through the end of season in areas open to migratory bird hunting south of County Highway 26.
              (v) Hunters must dismantle hunting blinds, platforms, and ladders made from natural vegetation at the end of each day.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of wild turkey; bobcat; ruffed grouse; red, gray, and fox squirrel; cottontail rabbit; jackrabbit; snowshoe hare; red fox; raccoon; and striped skunk on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You may only hunt fox and raccoon from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until legal sunset from the beginning of the State season through the last day of February within all upland game hunting areas, and from March 1 through the end of the season in areas open to upland game hunting south of County Highway 26.
              (ii) You may only hunt striped skunk from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until legal sunset from September 1 through the last day of February.
              (iii) During the fall season, you may hunt wild turkey as governed by State and Tribal seasons and regulations throughout the refuge. During the spring seasons, you may only hunt wild turkey south of County Highway 26, minus the areas east of County Highway 29, north of Pine Lake, and west of Chippewa Water Control Structure Road.
              (iv) You may possess only approved nontoxic shells (see 32.2(k)) when hunting wild turkey.
              (v) We allow the use of dogs when hunting, except when hunting furbearers, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (vi) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (q)(1)(ii), (iii), and (v) of this section apply.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit shooting on, from, over, across, or within 30 feet (9 meters) of a road edge open to public vehicle transportation at a big game animal or a decoy of a big game animal.
              (ii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (q)(1)(i), (ii), and (v) of this section apply.
              (4) Sport Fishing. We allow fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow fishing in North Tamarac Lake, Wauboose Lake, and Two Island Lake year-round as governed by State and/or White Earth Reservation regulations.
              (ii) We allow fishing in Blackbird Lake and Lost Lake from the first day of the State walleye season through Labor Day as governed by State and/or White Earth Reservation regulations.
              (iii) We allow fishing in Pine Lake from December 1 until March 31.
              (iv) We prohibit the taking of any turtle, frog, leech, minnow, crayfish, or mussel (clam) species by any method on the refuge (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (v) The condition set forth at paragraph (q)(1)(ii) of this section applies.
              (r) Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit migratory bird hunting from March 16 through August 31 each year.
              (ii) You cannot reserve hunting areas, except at Potter's Marsh Managed Hunt Area, Pool 13, near Thomson, Illinois.
              (iii) In areas posted and shown on maps as “Closed to All Access,” we prohibit public entry, to include hunting and fishing, at all times. This area is named and located as follows: Crooked Slough Backwater, Pool 13, Illinois, 2,453 acres.
              (iv) In areas posted and shown on maps as “No Entry—Sanctuary,” we prohibit hunting at all times and all public entry except as specified. These areas are named and located as follows:
              (A) Pool Slough, Pool 9, Minnesota/Iowa, 1,126 acres.
              (B) Bertom Island, Pool 11, Wisconsin, 31 acres.
              (C) Guttenberg Ponds, Pool 11, Iowa, 252 acres.
              (D) Spring Lake, Pool 13, Illinois, 3,697 acres.

              (v) In areas posted and shown on maps as “Area Closed” and “Area Closed—No Motors,” we prohibit migratory bird hunting at all times. We ask that you practice voluntary avoidance of these areas by any means or for any purpose from October 15 to the end of the respective State duck season. In areas also marked “no motors,” we prohibit the use of motors on watercraft from October 15 to the end of the respective State duck season.

              (A) The areas posted and marked on maps as “Area Closed” are named and located as follows:
              (1) Big Lake, Pool 4, Wisconsin, 2,210 acres.
              (2) Weaver Bottoms/Lost Island, Pool 5, Minnesota/Wisconsin, 3,508 acres.
              (3) Polander Lake, Pool 5A, Minnesota/Wisconsin, 1,873 acres.
              (4) Lake Onalaska, Pool 7, Wisconsin, 7,366 acres (voluntary avoidance on 3,365 acres until mid-November).
              (5) Wisconsin Islands, Pool 8, Minnesota/Wisconsin, 6,538 acres.
              (6) Harpers Slough, Pool 9, Iowa/Wisconsin, 5,209 acres.
              (7) Wisconsin River Delta, Pool 10, Wisconsin, 1,414 acres (closed November 1 to end of duck season).
              (8) 12-Mile Island, Pool 11, Iowa, 1,139 acres.
              (9) Bertom-McCartney, Pool 11, Wisconsin, 2,384 acres (no voluntary avoidance provision).
              (10) Pleasant Creek, Pool 13, Iowa, 2,191 acres.
              (11) Elk River, Pool 13, Iowa, 1,248 acres.
              (B) The areas posted and marked on maps as “Area Closed—No Motors” are named and located as follows:
              (1) Peterson Lake, Pool 4, Wisconsin 572 acres.
              (2) Rieck's Lake, Pool 4, Wisconsin, 499 acres.
              (3) Spring Lake, Pool 5, Wisconsin, 254 acres.
              (4) Sturgeon Slough, Pool 10, Wisconsin, 340 acres.
              (5) 12-Mile Island, Pool 10, Iowa, 540 acres.
              (6) John Deere Marsh, Pool 11, Iowa, 439 acres.
              (7) Kehough Slough, Pool 12, Illinois, 333 acres.
              (8) Beaver Island, Pool 14, Iowa, 864 acres.
              (vi) In areas posted and shown on maps as “No Hunting Zone” or “No Hunting or Trapping Zone,” we prohibit hunting at all times. These areas are named and located as follows:
              (A) Buffalo River, Pool 4, Wisconsin, 219 acres.
              (B) Fountain City Bay, Pool 5A, Wisconsin, 24 acres.
              (C) Upper Halfway Creek Marsh, Pool 7, Wisconsin, 143 acres.
              (D) Brice Prairie Tract, Pool 7, Wisconsin, 186 acres.
              (E) Hunter's Point, Pool 8, Wisconsin, 82 acres.
              (F) Goose Island, Pool 8, Wisconsin, 984 acres (also no motors and voluntary avoidance).
              (G) Sturgeon Slough, Pool 10, Wisconsin, 66 acres.
              (H) Goetz Island Trail, Pool 11, Iowa, 31 acres.
              (I) Crooked Slough Proper, Pool 13, Illinois, 270 acres.
              (J) Frog Pond, Pool 13, Illinois, 64 acres.
              (K) Ingersoll Wetlands Learning Center, Pool 13, Illinois, 41 acres.
              (L) Amann Tract, Pool 7, Wisconsin, 0.21 acre.
              (M) Lost Mound Unit Office and River Road, Pool 13, Illinois, 175 acres.
              (vii) In the area posted and shown on maps as “Mesquaki Lake No Hunting Zone,” Pool 13, Illinois, we prohibit hunting migratory birds from April 1 through September 30.
              (viii) You may not engage in open-water waterfowl hunting in Pool 11, approximate river miles 586-592, Grant County, Wisconsin, as marked with signs and as shown on refuge maps. Open-water hunting regulations and definitions that apply for Wisconsin outside of Grant County also apply in this area.
              (ix) We allow the use of dogs while hunting, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (x) We allow working a dog in refuge waters by tossing a retrieval dummy or other object for out-and-back exercise.

              (xi) You may use natural material for temporary blinds, with restrictions. You may hunt from a boat blind or pop-up blind, or you may construct a temporary blind of natural materials. You may gather grasses and marsh vegetation (e.g., willow, cattail, bulrush, lotus, and/or arrowhead) from the refuge for blind-building materials. However, you may not gather, bring onto the refuge, or use for blind building any tree(s) or other plant parts, including dead wood on the ground, greater than 2 inches (5 centimeters (cm)) in diameter.

              (xii) We require a 200-yard (182.9-meter) spacing distance between hunting parties on the Illinois portions of the refuge in Pools 12, 13, and 14.
              (xiii) You may set up hunting equipment the day of the hunt, but you must remove it at the end of each day (see § 27.93 of this chapter). You may place and leave hunting equipment and decoys on the refuge only from 1 hour before the start of legal shooting hours until 1/2 hour after the close of legal shooting hours.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of upland game on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit upland game hunting from March 16 through August 31 each year, except for spring wild turkey hunting and squirrel hunting on the Illinois portion of the refuge.
              (ii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (r)(1)(ii) through (iv), (vi), (ix), (xi), and (xiii) of this section apply
              (iii) In areas posted and shown on maps as “Area Closed” and “Area Closed—No Motors,” we allow upland game hunting beginning the day after the respective State duck hunting season until upland game season closure or March 15, whichever comes first, except we allow spring turkey hunting during State seasons. In areas also marked “Area Closed—No Motors,” we prohibit the use of motors on watercraft from October 15 to the end of the respective State duck season.
              (iv) In the area posted and shown on maps as “Mesquaki Lake No Hunting Zone,” Pool 13, Illinois, we prohibit hunting upland game from April 1 to September 30.
              (v) For hunting, you may use or possess only approved nontoxic shot shells (see § 32.2(k)) while in the field, including shot shells used for hunting wild turkey.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of big game on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit big game hunting from March 16 through August 31 each year.
              (ii) In areas closed to public access on the Lost Mound Unit of Savanna District, Illinois, we allow firearm deer hunts as established by the refuge manager.
              (iii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (r)(1)(ii) through (iv), (vi), (ix), (xi), and (xiii) and (r)(2)(v) of this section apply.
              (iv) In areas posted and shown on maps as “No Entry—Sanctuary” we allow big game hunting beginning the day after the respective State duck hunting season until big game season closure or March 15, whichever comes first. We describe these areas more fully at paragraph (r)(1)(iv) of this section.
              (v) In areas posted and shown on maps as “Area Closed” and “Area Closed—No Motors,” we allow big game hunting beginning the day after the respective State duck hunting season until big game season closure or March 15, whichever comes first. In areas also marked “Area Closed—No Motors,” we prohibit the use of motors on watercraft from October 15 to the end of the respective State duck season.
              (vi) In the area posted and shown on maps as “Mesquaki Lake No Hunting Zone,” Pool 13, Illinois, we prohibit big game hunting from April 1 to September 30.
              (vii) On refuge-managed lands in Illinois, we prohibit organized drives for deer. We define a “deer drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (r)(1)(iii) and (xi) of this section apply.
              (ii) In areas also marked “Area Closed—No Motors,” we prohibit the use of motors on watercraft from October 15 to the end of the respective State duck season.
              (iii) Commercial fishing in Spring Lake, Pool 13, Illinois, requires a Special Use Permit (FWS Form 3-1383-C) issued by the refuge or district manager (see § 31.13 of this chapter).
              (s) Windom Wetland Management District—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds on designated areas of the district, except that we prohibit hunting on the Worthington waterfowl production area (WPA) in Nobles County and on designated portions of the Wolf Lake WPA in Cottonwood County. The following conditions apply:
              (i) You must remove all boats, decoys, blind materials, stands, platforms, and other personal property brought onto the district at the end of each day (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (ii) We allow the use of dogs while hunting, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of upland game on designated areas of the district, except that we prohibit hunting on the Worthington WPA in Nobles County and on designated portions of the Wolf Lake WPA in Cottonwood County. The following condition applies: The conditions set forth at paragraphs (s)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section apply.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of big game on designated areas of the district, except that we prohibit hunting on the Worthington WPA in Nobles County and on designated portions of the Wolf Lake WPA in Cottonwood County. The following conditions apply:
              (i) We allow the use of portable stands.
              (ii) The condition set forth at paragraph (s)(1)(i) of this section applies.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing throughout the district subject to the following condition: The condition set forth at paragraph (s)(1)(i) of this section applies.
              [84 FR 47675, Sept. 10, 2019, as amended at 85 FR 54119, Aug. 31, 2020]

              § 32.43
              Mississippi.
              The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
              (a) Bogue Chitto National Wildlife Refuge. Refer to § 32.37(g) for regulations.
              (b) Coldwater River National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory ducks, geese, mergansers, coot, rails, snipe, and woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) All hunters age 16 and older must possess a State-issued North Mississippi NWR hunting permit (code 606, available from the Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks). While hunting on the refuge, all persons age 15 and younger (“youth hunter”) must be in the presence and under the direct supervision of a licensed or exempt hunter age 21 or older. A hunter supervising a youth hunter must hold all required licenses and permits.
              (ii) Hunters may enter the refuge at 4 a.m. and must exit the refuge no later than 12 p.m. (noon).
              (iii) We allow hunting of migratory game birds, including under the Light Goose Conservation Order, only on Wednesdays, Saturdays, and Sundays.
              (iv) Each hunter must obtain a daily Migratory Bird Hunt Report (FWS Form 3-2361). You must display the card in plain view on the dashboard of your vehicle so that the State-issued license number is readable. Prior to leaving the refuge, you must complete the reverse side of the card and deposit it at one of the refuge information stations. Include all game harvested, and if you harvest no game, report “0.” We prohibit hunters possessing more than one Migratory Bird Hunt Report at a time.
              (v) It is unlawful to hunt from or shoot into the 100-foot (30.5-meter) zone along either side of designated roads and parking lots.
              (vi) We allow the use of dogs on the refuge when hunting migratory game birds.
              (vii) You must remove decoys, blinds, boats, other personal property, and litter from the hunting area following each morning's hunt (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (viii) We allow no more than 25 shotshells per person in the field.
              (ix) We allow the take of beavers, coyotes, nutria, and feral hog during daylight hours only during any open season with weapons and ammunition legal for that season.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of quail, squirrel, and rabbit on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(i), (ii), (v), and (ix) of this section apply.
              (ii) All hunters using shotguns for small game must use approved nontoxic shot (see § 32.2(k)).
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(i), (ii), (iv) (substitute Big Game Harvest Report [FWS Form 3-2359] for Migratory Bird Hunt Report [FWS Form 3-2361]), and (vi) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit dogs while hunting deer. We allow the use of dogs to hunt feral hog during designated hog seasons.
              (iii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a “deer drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.
              (iv) We prohibit hunting or shooting across any open, fallow, or planted field from ground level or on or across any public road, public highway, railroad, or their rights-of-way during all general gun and primitive weapon hunts.
              (v) Hunters may erect portable deer stands 2 weeks prior to the opening of archery season on the refuge and must remove them (see § 27.93 of this chapter) by January 31.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit possession or use of jugs, seines, nets, hand-grab baskets, slat traps/baskets, or any other similar devices.
              (ii) We allow trotlines, yo-yos, limb lines, crawfish traps, or any other similar devices for recreational use only, and you must tag or mark them with waterproof ink, legibly inscribed or legibly stamped on the tag with your State fishing license number. You must attend these devices a minimum of once daily. If you are not going to attend these devices, you must remove them from the refuge (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (iii) We allow crawfishing.
              (c) Dahomey National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, merganser, coot, rail, snipe, woodcock, and dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) All hunters age 16 and older must possess a North Mississippi NWR hunting permit (code 606, available from the Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks). While hunting on the refuge, all persons age 15 and younger (“youth hunter”) must be in the presence and under the direct supervision of a licensed or exempt hunter at age 21 or older (“licensed hunter”). A hunter supervising a youth hunter must hold all required licenses and permits.
              (ii) Hunters may enter the refuge at 4 a.m. and must exit the refuge no later than 2 hours after legal sunset except during raccoon and frog hunts.
              (iii) We allow hunting of waterfowl (ducks, teal, mergansers, coots, and geese), rail and snipe, including under the Light Goose Conservation Order, only on Wednesdays, Saturdays, and Sundays ending at 12 p.m. (noon).
              (iv) Each hunter must obtain a daily Migratory Bird Hunt Report (FWS Form 3-2361). You must display the card in plain view on the dashboard of your vehicle so that the State-issued license number is readable. Prior to leaving the refuge, you must complete the card and deposit it at one of the refuge information stations. Include all game harvested, and if you harvest no game, report “0.” We prohibit hunters possessing more than one Migratory Bird Hunt Report at a time.
              (v) It is unlawful to hunt from or shoot into the 100-foot (30.5-meter) zone along either side of designated roads and parking lots.
              (vi) We allow the use of dogs on the refuge when hunting migratory game birds and upland game. We prohibit the use of dogs during big game hunts.

              (vii) You must remove decoys, blinds, boats, other personal property, and litter from the hunting area following each morning's hunt (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).

              (viii) We allow no more than 25 shotshells per person in the field.
              (ix) We allow the take of coyote, beaver, nutria, and feral hog incidental to other lawful hunting using legal methods of take.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of quail, squirrel, rabbit, and raccoon on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You must possess a valid general Special Use Permit (FWS Form 3-1383-G) to hunt raccoon on the refuge.
              (ii) Each hunter must obtain a daily Upland/Small Game/Furbearer Report (FWS Form 3-2362). You must display the card in plain view on the dashboard of your vehicle so that the State-issued license number is readable. Prior to leaving the refuge, you must complete the card and deposit it at one of the refuge information stations. Include all game harvested, and if you harvest no game, report “0.” We prohibit hunters possessing more than one Upland/Small Game/Furbearer Report at a time.
              (iii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i), (ii), (v) and (ix) of this section apply.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Each hunter must obtain a daily Big Game Harvest Report (FWS Form 3-2359). You must display the card in plain view on the dashboard of your vehicle so that the State-issued license number is readable. Prior to leaving the refuge, you must complete the card and deposit it at one of the refuge information stations. Include all game harvested, and if you harvest no game, report “0.” We prohibit hunters possessing more than one Big Game Harvest Report at a time.
              (ii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i), (ii), (v), and (ix) of this section apply.
              (iii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a “deer drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.
              (iv) We prohibit hunting or shooting across any open, fallow, or planted field.
              (v) We allow valid permit holders to possess and hunt from one portable stand or blind on the refuge. You must clearly label your stand or blind with your State license/sportsmen's identification number. Stands left in the area do not reserve the hunting locations. You may place stands up to 7 days prior to the hunt, and you must remove them within 7 days after the refuge's deer season closes (see § 27.93 of this chapter). We prohibit the placement of ground blinds within mowed trails.
              (vi) Hunters using a climbing tree stand must use a fall-arrest system manufactured to Treestand Manufacturer's Association standards.
              (vii) We prohibit the use of buckshot on the refuge.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit the use or possession of alcoholic beverages while fishing.
              (ii) We prohibit possession or use of jugs, seines, nets, hand-grab baskets, slat traps/baskets, or any other similar devices.
              (iii) We prohibit commercial fishing of any kind.
              (iv) We only allow trotlines, yo-yos, limb lines, crawfish traps, or any other similar devices and only for recreational use. You must tag or mark these devices with the angler's State fishing license number written with waterproof ink, legibly inscribed or legibly stamped on the tag. You must attend these devices a minimum of once every 24 hours. When not attended, you must remove these devices from the refuge (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (v) We allow frogging and crawfishing.
              (d) Grand Bay National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, coot, and mourning dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) Hunters must remove all decoys, blind material, and harvested waterfowl from the refuge at the end of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).

              (ii) You must only use portable or temporary blinds.
              (iii) We only allow the use of dogs when waterfowl hunting. We require all dogs to wear a collar displaying the owner's contact information.
              (iv) Each hunter must possess and carry a valid, signed copy of the refuge hunting brochure (signed brochure) while participating in refuge hunts.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (d)(1)(iv) of this section applies.
              (ii) We only allow .22 caliber rimfire.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (d)(1)(iv) of this section applies.
              (ii) We only allow hunting with bow and arrow. We prohibit firearms.
              (iii) We allow portable and climbing tree stands. Hunters must remove tree stands from the refuge at the end of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (iv) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a “deer drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (e) Hillside National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, merganser, coot, and dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Each person age 16 or older hunting or fishing must possess a valid Theodore Roosevelt Complex Annual Public Use Permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System).
              (ii) All youth hunters age 15 and younger must be in the presence and direct supervision of a Mississippi licensed or exempt hunter, age 21 or older. One adult may supervise no more than one youth hunter.
              (iii) Before hunting or fishing, all participants must display their Daily Visitor Information/Harvest Report Card (Big Game Harvest Report, FWS Form 3-2359) in plain view in their vehicle so that the State-issued license number is readable. You must return all cards upon completion of the activity and before leaving the refuge.
              (iv) We prohibit all other public use on the refuge during the muzzleloader deer and limited draw turkey hunts.
              (v) Valid permit holders may incidentally take opossum, coyote, beaver, bobcat, and nutria in any refuge hunt season with weapons legal for that hunt. Valid permit holders may incidentally take feral hog during deer and turkey hunts only.
              (vi) We prohibit hunting or shooting into a 100-foot (30.5-meter) zone along either side of pipelines, power line rights-of-way, designated roads, and trails, and around parking lots. It is considered hunting if you have a loaded weapon, if you have a nocked arrow while bow hunting, or if you are in an elevated tree stand or ground blind with a means to take, within these areas.
              (vii) Hunters must remove all decoys, blind material, and harvested waterfowl from the area no later than 1 p.m. each day (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (viii) We allow the use of dogs for retrieving migratory birds.
              (ix) We allow goose, duck, merganser, and coot hunting beginning 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until 12 p.m. (noon).
              (x) We do not open for early teal season.
              (xi) We limit waterfowl hunters to 25 shotshells per person in the field.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, rabbit, quail, raccoon, opossum, coyote, beaver, bobcat, and nutria on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (e)(1)(i) through (vi) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow the use of dogs for hunting squirrel, raccoon, and quail, and for the February rabbit hunt.
              (iii) Beginning the first day after the deer muzzleloader hunt, we prohibit entry into the Turkey Point area until March 1.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, turkey, and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (e)(1)(i) through (vi) and (e)(2)(iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit organized drives. We define a “drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause game to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the game.
              (iii) Hunting or shooting within or adjacent to open fields and tree plantations less than 5 feet (1.5 meters (m)) in height must be from a stand a minimum of 10 feet (3 m) above the ground.
              (iv) The refuge brochure provides deer check station locations and requirements. Prior to leaving the refuge, you must check all harvested deer at the nearest self-service check station (Big Game Harvest Report, FWS Form 3-2359) following the posted instructions.
              (v) Hunters may possess and hunt from only one stand or blind. Hunters may place a deer stand or blind 48 hours prior to a hunt and must remove it within 48 hours after each designated hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter), with the exception of closed areas where special regulations apply.
              (vi) During designated muzzleloader hunts, we allow archery equipment and muzzleloaders loaded with a single projectile; we prohibit breech-loading firearms of any type.
              (vii) Turkey hunting opportunities will consist of three limited draw hunts within the State season time frame. Limited draw hunts require a Limited Hunt Permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) assigned by random computer drawing. At the end of the hunt, you must return the permit with information concerning the hunt to the refuge. Failure to return this permit will disqualify the hunter for any limited hunts the next year.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (e)(1)(i), (iii), (iv), and (e)(2)(iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit trotlines, limb lines, jugs, seines, and traps.
              (iii) We allow frogging during the State bullfrog season.
              (iv) We allow fishing in the borrow ponds along the north levee throughout the year except during the muzzleloader deer hunt.
              (v) We open all other refuge waters to fishing March 1 through November 15.
              (f) Holt Collier National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of rabbit, opossum, coyote, beaver, bobcat, and nutria on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Each person age 16 or older hunting or fishing must possess a valid Theodore Roosevelt Complex Annual Public Use Permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System)).
              (ii) All youth hunters age 15 and younger must be in the presence and direct supervision of a Mississippi licensed or exempt hunter, age 21 or older. One adult may supervise no more than one youth hunter.
              (iii) Before hunting or fishing, all participants must display their Daily Visitor Information/Harvest Report Card (Big Game Harvest Report, FWS Form 3-2359) in plain view in their vehicle so that the required information is readable. You must return all cards upon completion of the activity and before leaving the refuge.
              (iv) We prohibit all other public use on the refuge during the muzzleloader deer hunt.
              (v) Valid permit holders may incidentally take opossum, coyote, beaver, bobcat, and nutria in any refuge hunt season with weapons legal for that hunt. Valid permit holders may incidentally take feral hog during deer hunts only.
              (vi) We allow the use of dogs for hunting during the February rabbit hunt.

              (vii) We prohibit hunting or shooting into a 100-foot (30.5-meter (m)) zone along either side of pipelines, power line rights-of-way, designated roads, and trails, and around parking lots. It is considered hunting if you have a loaded weapon, if you have a nocked arrow while bow hunting, or if you are in an elevated tree stand or ground blind with a means to take, within these areas.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (f)(2)(i) through (iii), (v), and (vii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit organized drives. We define a “drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause game to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the game.
              (iii) Hunting or shooting within or adjacent to open fields or tree plantations less than 5 feet (1.5 m) in height must be from a stand a minimum of 10 feet (3 m) above the ground.
              (iv) Hunters may possess and hunt from only one stand or blind. Hunters may place a deer stand or blind 48 hours prior to a hunt and must remove it within 48 hours after each designated hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter), with the exception of closed areas where special regulations apply.
              (v) During designated muzzleloader hunts, we allow archery equipment and muzzleloaders loaded with a single projectile; we prohibit breech-loading firearms of any type.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (g) Mathews Brake National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, merganser, and coot on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Each person age 16 or older who is hunting or fishing must possess a valid Theodore Roosevelt Complex Annual Public Use Permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System).
              (ii) All youth hunters age 15 and younger must be in the presence and direct supervision of a Mississippi licensed or exempt hunter, age 21 or older. One adult may supervise no more than one youth hunter.
              (iii) Before hunting or fishing, all participants must display their Daily Visitor Information/Harvest Report Card (Big Game Harvest Report, FWS Form 3-2359) in plain view in their vehicle so that the required information is readable. You must return all cards upon completion of the activity and before leaving the refuge.
              (iv) Valid permit holders may incidentally take opossum, coyote, beaver, bobcat, and nutria in any refuge hunt season with weapons legal for that hunt. Valid permit holders may incidentally take feral hog during deer hunts only.
              (v) We prohibit hunting or shooting into a 100-foot (30.5 meter (m)) zone along either side of pipelines, power line rights-of-way, designated roads, and trails, and around parking lots. It is considered hunting if you have a loaded weapon, if you have a nocked arrow while bow hunting, or if you are in an elevated tree stand or ground blind with a means to take, within these areas.
              (vi) Hunters must remove all decoys, blind material, boats, and harvested waterfowl from the area no later than 1 p.m. each day (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (vii) We allow the use of dogs for retrieving migratory birds.
              (viii) We allow goose, duck, merganser, and coot hunting beginning 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until 12 p.m. (noon).
              (ix) We do not open for early teal season.
              (x) We allow hunting during open State seasons. The first 2 days of the season and all weekends, with the exception of youth weekends, are limited draw hunts. These hunts require a Limited Hunt Permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Refuge System) assigned by random computer drawing. At the end of the hunt, you must return the permit with information concerning your hunt. If you fail to return this permit, you will not be eligible for any limited hunts the next year.
              (xi) We limit waterfowl hunters to 25 shotshells per person in the field.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, rabbit, raccoon, opossum, coyote, beaver, bobcat, and nutria on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (g)(1)(i) through (v) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow the use of dogs for hunting squirrel and raccoon, and for the February rabbit hunt.
              (iii) Beginning the day before waterfowl season, we restrict hunting to the waterfowl hunt area.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (g)(1)(i) through (v) and (g)(2)(iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit organized drives. We define a “drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause game to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the game.
              (iii) Hunting or shooting within or adjacent to open fields or tree plantations less than 5 feet (1.5 m) in height must be from a stand a minimum of 10 feet (3 m) above the ground.
              (iv) The refuge brochure provides deer check station dates, locations, and requirements. Prior to leaving the refuge, you must check all harvested deer at the nearest self-service check station following the posted instructions.
              (v) Hunters may possess and hunt from only one stand or blind. Hunters may place a deer stand or blind 48 hours prior to a hunt and must remove it within 48 hours after each designated hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter), with the exception of closed areas where special regulations apply.
              (vi) We allow archery hunting October 1 through January 31.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (g)(1)(i) and (iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit trotlines, limb lines, jugs, seines, and traps.
              (iii) We allow frogging during the State bullfrog season.
              (iv) We open refuge waters to fishing throughout the year, except in the waterfowl sanctuary, which is closed one day prior to the beginning of waterfowl season until March 1.
              (h) Morgan Brake National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, merganser, and coot on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Each person age 16 or older who is hunting or fishing must possess a valid Theodore Roosevelt Complex Annual Public Use Permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System).
              (ii) All youth hunters age 15 and younger must be in the presence and direct supervision of a Mississippi licensed or exempt hunter, age 21 or older. One adult may supervise no more than one youth hunter.
              (iii) Before hunting or fishing, all participants must display their Daily Visitor Information/Harvest Report Card (Big Game Harvest Report, FWS Form 3-2359) in plain view in their vehicle so that the required information is readable. You must return all cards upon completion of the activity and before leaving the refuge.
              (iv) We prohibit all other public use on the refuge during the muzzleloader deer hunt.
              (v) Valid permit holders may incidentally take opossum, coyote, beaver, bobcat, and nutria in any refuge hunt season with weapons legal for that hunt. Valid permit holders may incidentally take feral hog during deer hunts only.
              (vi) We prohibit hunting or shooting into a 100-foot (30.5-meter (m)) zone along either side of pipelines, power line rights-of-way, designated roads, and trails, and around parking lots. It is considered hunting if you have a loaded weapon, if you have a nocked arrow while bow hunting, or if you are in an elevated tree stand or ground blind with a means to take, within these areas.
              (vii) Hunters must remove all decoys, blind material, and harvested waterfowl from the area no later than 1 p.m. each day (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (viii) We allow the use of dogs for retrieving migratory birds.

              (ix) We allow goose, duck, merganser, and coot hunting beginning 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until 12 p.m. (noon).

              (x) We do not open for early teal season.
              (xi) We limit waterfowl hunters to 25 shotshells per person in the field.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, rabbit, quail, raccoon, opossum, coyote, beaver, bobcat, and nutria on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (h)(1)(i) through (vi) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow the use of dogs for hunting squirrel, quail, and raccoon, and for the February rabbit hunt.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (h)(1)(i) through (vi) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit organized drives. We define a “drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause game to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the game.
              (iii) Hunting or shooting within or adjacent to open fields or tree plantations less than 5 feet (1.5 m) in height must be from a stand a minimum of 10 feet (3 m) above the ground.
              (iv) The refuge brochure provides deer check station locations and requirements. Prior to leaving the refuge, you must check all harvested deer at the nearest self-service check station (Big Game Harvest Report, FWS Form 3-2359) following the posted instructions.
              (v) Hunters may possess and hunt from only one stand or blind. Hunters may place a deer stand or blind 48 hours prior to a hunt and must remove it within 48 hours after each designated hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter), with the exception of closed areas where special regulations apply.
              (vi) During designated muzzleloader hunts, we allow archery equipment and muzzleloaders loaded with a single projectile; we prohibit breech-loading firearms of any type.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (h)(1)(i), (iii), and (iv) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit trotlines, limb lines, jugs, seines, and traps.
              (iii) We allow frogging during the State bullfrog season.
              (iv) We open refuge waters to fishing March 1 through November 15, except Providence Ponds, which are closed 1 day prior to the beginning of waterfowl season until March 1.
              (i) Panther Swamp National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, merganser, coot, and dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following regulations:
              (i) Each person age 16 or older who is hunting or fishing must possess a valid Theodore Roosevelt Complex Annual Public Use Permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System).
              (ii) All youth hunters age 15 and younger must be in the presence and direct supervision of a Mississippi licensed or exempt hunter, age 21 or older. One adult may supervise no more than one youth hunter.
              (iii) Before hunting or fishing, all participants must display their Daily Visitor Information/Harvest Report Card (Big Game Harvest Report, FWS Form 3-2359) in plain view in their vehicle so that the required information is readable. You must return all cards upon completion of the activity and before leaving the refuge.
              (iv) We prohibit all other public use on the refuge during all limited draw hunts.
              (v) Valid permit holders may incidentally take opossum, coyote, beaver, bobcat, and nutria in any refuge hunt season with weapons legal for that hunt. Valid permit holders may incidentally take feral hog during deer and turkey hunts only.

              (vi) We prohibit hunting or shooting into a 100-foot (30-meter (m)) zone along either side of pipelines, power line rights-of-way, designated roads, and trails, and around parking lots. It is considered hunting if you have a loaded weapon, if you have a nocked arrow while bow hunting, or if you are in an elevated tree stand or ground blind with a means to take, within these areas.
              (vii) Hunters must remove all decoys, blind material, and harvested waterfowl from the area no later than 1 p.m. each day (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (viii) We allow the use of dogs for retrieving migratory birds.
              (ix) We allow goose, duck, merganser, and coot hunting beginning 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until 12 p.m. (noon).
              (x) Beginning December 15 through March 1, we prohibit all entry into the Lower Twist and Carter Ponds area.
              (xi) During the State waterfowl season (except early teal season), waterfowl hunting in Unit 1 will be on Mondays, Tuesdays, and Wednesdays. Waterfowl hunting in Unit 2 will be on Fridays, Saturdays, and Sundays (see refuge brochure for details).
              (xii) We limit waterfowl hunters to 25 shotshells per person in the field.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, rabbit, quail, raccoon, opossum, coyote, beaver, bobcat, and nutria on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (i)(1)(i) through (vi) and (x) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow the use of dogs for hunting squirrel, quail, and raccoon, and for the February rabbit hunt.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, turkey, and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (i)(1)(i) through (vi) and (x) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit organized drives. We define a “drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause game to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the game.
              (iii) Hunting or shooting within or adjacent to open fields or tree plantations less than 5 feet (1.5 m) in height must be from a stand a minimum of 10 feet (3 m) above the ground.
              (iv) The refuge brochure provides deer check station locations and requirements. Prior to leaving the refuge, you must check all harvested deer at the nearest self-service check station (Big Game Harvest Report, FWS Form 3-2359) following the posted instructions.
              (v) Hunters may possess and hunt from only one stand or blind. Hunters may place a deer stand or blind 48 hours prior to a hunt and must remove it within 48 hours after each designated hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter), with the exception of closed areas where special regulations apply.
              (vi) During designated muzzleloader hunts, we allow archery equipment and muzzleloaders loaded with a single projectile; we prohibit breech-loading firearms of any type.
              (vii) We allow only shotguns with approved nontoxic shot (see § 32.2(k)) and archery equipment for turkey hunting.
              (viii) Limited draw hunts require a Limited Hunt Permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) assigned by random computer drawing. At the end of the hunt, you must return the permit with information concerning the hunt to the refuge. Failure to return this permit will disqualify the hunter for any limited hunts the next year.
              (ix) We hold limited draw hunts for persons with disabilities in November, December, and/or January. We will make hunt dates and permit application procedures (electronic form) available at the Theodore Roosevelt Complex headquarters.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (i)(1)(i), (iii), (iv), and (x) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit trotlines, limb lines, jugs, seines, and traps.
              (iii) We allow frogging during the State bullfrog season.
              (j) Sam D. Hamilton Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, woodcock, and coot on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) You must purchase a refuge waterfowl permit (Waterfowl Lottery Application; FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) for waterfowl hunting. No more than two companions may accompany each permitted hunter, and we do not require these companions to purchase permits. Permits are nontransferable and only issued to hunters ages 16 and older. Permit holders can hunt as standby hunters for any date for which waterfowl hunting is open. Youth hunters age 15 and younger are not required to obtain a refuge waterfowl permit and can obtain a free permit from the refuge's office.
              (ii) You must remove all decoys, blind material, and harvested game from the refuge by 1 p.m. each day (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (iii) All youth hunters age 15 and younger must remain within sight and normal voice contact of an adult age 21 or older. One adult may supervise not more than two youth hunters.
              (iv) All waterfowl hunters must check-in before the day's hunt, and check-out at the end of the day's hunt (no later than 1 p.m.), at the refuge's duck check station.
              (v) We limit waterfowl hunters to 25 shotshells per person.
              (vi) Hunters must remove all personal property at the end of each day's hunt from the Noxubee Wilderness Area (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter). Outside the Noxubee Wilderness Area, hunters may leave tree stands labeled with the hunter's State hunting license number used for deer hunting.
              (vii) During the deer firearm (primitive or modern gun) hunts, any person hunting species other than waterfowl, accompanying another person hunting species other than waterfowl, or walking off-trail within areas open to deer hunting must wear at least 500 square inches (3,226 square centimeters (cm)) of unbroken fluorescent-orange material visible above the waistline as an outer garment at all times. When occupied, ground blinds must display a minimum of 400 square inches (2,581 square cm) of unbroken fluorescent-orange material.
              (viii) We allow the use of dogs for retrieval of migratory and upland game only.
              (ix) We require all hunters and anglers to record hours active and game harvested using the Visitor Check-In Permit and Report (FWS Form 3-2405).
              (x) We require all users to possess and display a valid Entrance Pass. You may use a current Federal Recreational Lands Pass or valid Federal Migratory Bird Hunting and Conservation Stamp (Federal Duck Stamp) as the Entrance Pass.
              (xi) Waterfowl hunters must stay within 100 feet (30.5 meters (m)) of the assigned hunt location. You may exceed 100 feet (30.5 m) when retrieving downed birds.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, rabbit, quail, opossum, raccoon, coyote, beaver, and nutria on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) When waterfowl hunting is actively taking place, we prohibit all public use other than waterfowl hunting within the designated areas for waterfowl hunting.
              (ii) We allow raccoon and opossum hunting between the hours of legal sunset and legal sunrise.
              (iii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (j)(1)(iii) and (vi) through (x) of this section apply.
              (iv) You may take incidental species (coyote, beaver, nutria, and feral hog) during any hunt with those weapons legal during those hunts.
              (v) We require bobwhite quail and rabbit hunters to wear at least a solid hunter orange vest or cap.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, turkey, and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (j)(1)(iii) and (vi) through (x) and (j)(2)(i) and (iv) of this section apply.
              (ii) You must purchase a refuge quota deer permit (Quota Deer Hunt Application; FWS Form 3- 2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System). Permits are nontransferable. Youth hunters age 15 and younger are not required to a purchase a refuge quota deer permit and can obtain a free permit from the refuge's office.

              (iii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a “deer drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.
              (iv) You may place one portable tree stand or ground blind for deer hunting on the refuge only during the open deer season. You must clearly label the stand or blind with your State hunting license number. When not in use and left on the refuge, you must place stands in a non-hunting position at ground level.
              (v) While climbing a tree, installing a tree stand that uses climbing aids, or hunting from a tree stand on the refuge, you must use a fall-arrest system (full body harness) that is manufactured to the Treestand Manufacturer's Association standards.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The general sport fishing, boating, and bow fishing season extends from March 1 through October 31, except that we open the shoreline of Bluff Lake from the Bluff Lake Boardwalk to the visitor center, the entire Noxubee River, and all borrow pit areas along Highway 25 to fishing year-round.
              (ii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (j)(1)(ix) and (x) and (j)(2)(i) of this section apply.
              (iii) Anglers must keep boat travel at idle speed, and they must not create a wake when moving.
              (iv) We prohibit limb lines, jug fishing, trotlines, snag lines, and hand grappling in Ross Branch, Bluff, and Loakfoma Lakes, as well as in areas within 100 yards of refuge water and transportation structures.
              (v) When left unattended, anglers must tag fishing gear with their State fishing license number. Anglers must check all gear within 24 hours each day or remove these devices (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (vi) We allow trotlining on the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (A) Anglers must label each end of the trotline floats with the owner's State fishing license number.
              (B) We limit trotlines to one line per person, and we allow no more than two trotlines per boat.
              (C) Anglers must tend all trotlines every 24 hours, and must remove them when not in use (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (D) Trotlines must possess at least 6-inch (15.2-cm) cotton string leads.
              (vii) We allow jug fishing on the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (A) Anglers must label each jug with their State fishing license number.
              (B) Anglers must check all jugs every 24 hours, and must remove them when not in use (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (viii) We prohibit bow fishing after legal sunset.
              (ix) We prohibit fishing tournaments on all refuge waters.
              (x) We prohibit the taking of frogs, turtles, and crawfish (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (xi) We prohibit using nets of any type to capture free-roaming fish or wildlife. You may use a fishing net to recover fish caught by hook and line.
              (xii) Outside the Noxubee Wilderness Area, anglers may leave trotlines and jugs used for fishing overnight if they are labled with the angler's State fishing license number.
              (k) St. Catherine Creek National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, coot, and woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow hunting on Butler Lake, Salt Lake, and Gillard Lake from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until 12 p.m. (noon) on Wednesdays, Saturdays, and Sundays.
              (ii) We require that all hunters and anglers age 16 and older purchase an Annual Public Use Permit (electronic form). We require the refuge user to sign, certifying that you understand and will comply with all regulations, and carry this permit at all times while on the refuge.
              (iii) Hunters must remove harvested waterfowl, temporary blinds, and decoys used for duck hunting by 1 p.m. each day (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (iv) We allow only portable blinds.
              (v) Hunters only may enter the refuge no earlier than 4 a.m. and must exit the refuge by 2 hours after legal sunset.

              (vi) We allow no more than 25 shotshells per person in the field.

              (vii) We prohibit hunting within 150 feet (45 meters) of any petroleum facility or equipment, or refuge residences and buildings.
              (viii) We prohibit the use of handguns for hunting on the refuge.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, rabbit, raccoon, opossum, beaver, nutria, and coyote in designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We only allow hunting shotguns, .22 caliber rimfire rifles or smaller, and muzzle-loading rifles under .38 caliber shooting patched round balls. We prohibit the possession of hunting with slugs, buckshot, or rifle hunting ammunition larger than .22 rimfire.
              (ii) You must wear a hunter-orange hat and upper garment when hunting in open fields or reforested areas.
              (iii) We allow raccoon hunting only during the month of February from legal sunset to legal sunrise with the following conditions:
              (A) We require the use of dogs.
              (B) You may use only .22 caliber rimfire rifles for hunting.
              (iv) We allow the incidental take of raccoon, feral hog, beaver, nutria, and coyote when hunting migratory birds, upland game, big game species with firearms and archery equipment authorized for use.
              (v) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (k)(1)(ii) and (iv) through (vii) of this section apply.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of deer, lottery youth turkey, and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow only still hunting.
              (ii) Hunters may take only one deer per day.
              (iii) You must wear a minimum of 500 square inches (3,226 square centimeters) of unbroken hunter orange as the outermost layer of clothing on the chest and back, and a hat or cap of unbroken hunter orange. You must wear the solid-hunter-orange items while in the field.
              (iv) While hunting, all persons age 16 and younger must be in the presence and under direct supervision of a licensed or exempt hunter age 21 or older.
              (v) Youth gun hunts (ages 10 to 15) for deer and waterfowl will coincide with designated State youth hunts each year. Youth deer hunters may use any weapon deemed legal by the State except for buckshot, which we prohibit.
              (vi) You may place stands up to 2 days prior to established hunting season dates, and you must remove them no more than 2 days after the hunting season closes (see § 27.93 of this chapter). You must mark your stand with your State hunting license identification number. We allow each hunter one portable stand or blind on the refuge.
              (vii) Refuge users must check all deer (name) taken prior to leaving the refuge at one of the self-clearing check stations indicated on the map in the refuge public use brochure.
              (viii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (k)(1)(ii) and (iv) through (vii) and (k)(2)(iv) of this section apply.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow sport fishing from February 1 through November 15. On those days, you may fish from 30 minutes before legal sunrise to 30 minutes after legal sunset only.
              (ii) On the Sibley Unit, we prohibit motorized boats north of the Ring Levee. Anglers may hand-launch boats in Swamp Lake during nonflood conditions.
              (iii) An adult age 21 or older must supervise youth age 15 and younger who may fish in the Kid's Pond. We prohibit adults from fishing in this pond.
              (iv) We allow bow fishing.
              (v) We prohibit taking alligator gar.
              (vi) We prohibit crawfishing.
              (vii) We prohibit commercial fishing.
              (viii) We prohibit possession of trotline equipment, including limb lines, nets, traps, yo-yos, and/or jugs.
              (ix) The condition set forth at paragraph (k)(1)(ii) of this section applies.
              (l) Tallahatchie River National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, geese, merganser, coot, rail, snipe, woodcock, and dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) All hunters age 16 and older must possess a North Mississippi NWR hunting permit (code 606, available from the Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks). While hunting on the refuge, all persons age 15 and younger (“youth hunter”) must be in the presence and under the direct supervision of a licensed or exempt hunter age 21 or older. A hunter supervising a youth hunter must hold all required licenses and permits.
              (ii) Hunters may enter the refuge at 4 a.m. and must exit the refuge no later than 2 hours after legal sunset except during raccoon and frog hunts.
              (iii) We allow hunting of waterfowl (ducks, teal, mergansers, coot, and geese), rail, and snipe, including under the Light Goose Conservation Order, only on Wednesdays, Saturdays, and Sundays ending at 12 p.m. (noon).
              (iv) Each hunter must obtain a daily Migratory Bird Hunt Report (FWS Form 3-2361). You must display the card in plain view on the dashboard of your vehicle so that the State-issued license number is readable. Prior to leaving the refuge, you must complete the card and deposit it at one of the refuge information stations. Include all game harvested, and if you harvest no game, report “0.” We prohibit hunters possessing more than one Migratory Bird Hunt Report at a time.
              (v) It is unlawful to hunt from or shoot into the 100-foot (30.5-meter) zone along either side of designated roads and parking lots.
              (vi) We allow the use of dogs on the refuge when hunting migratory game birds and upland game. We prohibit the use of dogs during big game hunts.
              (vii) You must remove decoys, blinds, boats, other personal property, and litter from the hunting area following each morning's hunt (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (viii) We allow no more than 25 shotshells per person in the field.
              (ix) We allow the take of beavers, coyotes, nutria, and feral hogs during daylight hours only during any open season with weapons and ammunition legal for that season.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of quail, squirrel, rabbit, nutria and raccoon on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (l)(1)(i), (ii), (iv) (substitute Big Game Harvest Report [FWS Form 3-2359] for Migratory Bird Hunt Report [FWS Form 3-2361]), (v), and (ix) of this section apply.
              (ii) All hunters using shotguns for small game must use approved nontoxic shot (see § 32.2(k)).
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (l)(1)(i), (ii), and (iv) (substitute Big Game Harvest Report [FWS Form 3-2359] for Migratory Bird Hunt Report [FWS Form 3-2361]) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit dogs while hunting deer. We allow the use of dogs to hunt feral hog during designated hog seasons.
              (iii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a “deer drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.
              (iv) We prohibit hunting or shooting across any open, fallow, or planted field.
              (v) We allow valid permit holders to possess and hunt from one portable stand or blind on the refuge. You must permanently and legibly write your State hunting license number on all stands on the refuge. Stands left on the area do not reserve the hunting locations. You may place stands up to 7 days prior to the hunt, and you must remove them no more than 7 days after the refuge's deer season closes (see § 27.93 of this chapter). Ground blinds may not be placed within mowed trails.
              (vi) Hunters using climbing tree stands must use a fall-arrest system manufactured to Treestand Manufacturer's Association standards.
              (vii) We prohibit the use of buckshot on the refuge.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit the use or possession of alcoholic beverages while fishing.

              (ii) We prohibit possession or use of jugs, seines, nets, hand-grab baskets, slat traps/baskets, or any other similar devices.

              (iii) We prohibit commercial fishing of any kind.
              (iv) We only allow trotlines, yo-yos, limb lines, crawfish traps, or any other similar devices for recreational use. You must tag or mark these devices with the angler's State fishing license number written in waterproof ink, legibly inscribed or legibly stamped on the tag. You must attend these devices a minimum of once every 24 hours. When not attended, you must remove them from the refuge (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (v) We prohibit snagging or attempting to snag fish.
              (vi) We allow frogging and crawfishing.
              (m) Yazoo National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, merganser, coot, and dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Each person age 16 or older who is hunting or fishing must possess a valid Theodore Roosevelt Complex Annual Public Use Permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System).
              (ii) All youth hunters age 15 and younger must be in the presence and direct supervision of a Mississippi licensed or exempt hunter, age 21 or older. One adult may supervise no more than one youth hunter.
              (iii) Before hunting or fishing, all participants must display their Daily Visitor Information/Harvest Report Card (Big Game Harvest Report, FWS Form 3-2359) in plain view in their vehicle so that the required information is readable. You must return all cards upon completion of the activity and before leaving the refuge.
              (iv) We prohibit all other public use on the refuge during all limited draw hunts.
              (v) Valid permit holders may incidentally take opossum, coyote, beaver, bobcat, and nutria in any refuge hunt season with weapons legal for that hunt. Valid permit holders may incidentally take feral hog during deer hunts only.
              (vi) We prohibit hunting or shooting into a 100-foot (30.5-meter (m)) zone along either side of pipelines, power line rights-of-way, designated roads, and trails, and around parking lots. It is considered hunting if you have a loaded weapon, if you have a nocked arrow while bow hunting, or if you are in an elevated tree stand or ground blind with a means to take, within these areas.
              (vii) Hunters must remove all decoys, blind material, and harvested waterfowl from the area no later than 1 p.m. each day (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (viii) We allow the use of dogs for retrieving migratory birds.
              (ix) We allow goose, duck, merganser, and coot hunting beginning 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until 12 p.m. (noon).
              (x) We limit waterfowl hunters to 25 shotshells per person in the field.
              (xi) Limited draw hunts require a Limited Hunt Permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) assigned by random computer drawing. At the end of the hunt, you must return the permit with information concerning that hunt to the refuge. Failure to return this permit will disqualify the hunter for any limited hunts the next year.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, rabbit, raccoon, opossum, coyote, beaver, bobcat, and nutria on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (m)(1)(i) through (vi) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow the use of dogs for hunting squirrel and raccoon, and for the February rabbit hunt.
              (iii) We allow rabbit hunting on the Brown Tract of Theodore Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge that is managed by Yazoo National Wildlife Refuge.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (m)(1)(i) through (vi) and (xi) of this section apply.

              (ii) We prohibit organized drives. We define a “drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause game to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the game.

              (iii) Hunting or shooting within or adjacent to open fields or tree plantations less than 5 feet (1.5 m) in height must be from a stand a minimum of 10 feet (3 m) above the ground.
              (iv) The refuge brochure provides deer check station locations and requirements. Prior to leaving the refuge, you must check all harvested deer at the nearest self-service check station (Big Game Harvest Report, FWS Form 3-2359) following the posted instructions.
              (v) Hunters may possess and hunt from only one stand or blind. Hunters may place a deer stand or blind 48 hours prior to a hunt, and must remove it within 48 hours after each designated hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter), with the exception of closed areas where special regulations apply.
              (vi) During designated muzzleloader hunts, we allow archery equipment and muzzleloaders loaded with a single projectile; we prohibit breech-loading firearms of any type.
              (vii) Limited draw hunts require a Limited Hunt Permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) assigned by random computer drawing. At the end of the hunt, you must return the permit with information concerning the hunt to the refuge. Failure to return this permit will disqualify the hunter for any limited hunts the next year.
              (viii) We allow white-tailed deer hunting on the Brown Tract of Theodore Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge that is managed by Yazoo National Wildlife Refuge.
              (4) [Reserved]
              [84 FR 47675, Sept. 10, 2019, as amended at 85 FR 54120, Aug. 31, 2020]

              § 32.44
              Missouri.
              The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
              (a) Big Muddy National Fish and Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: You must remove all your blinds, boats, and decoys from the refuge each day (see § 27.93 of this chapter), except for blinds made entirely of marsh vegetation.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow upland game hunting on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: On the 131-acre mainland unit of Boone's Crossing, we allow upland game hunting with archery methods only. On Johnson Island, we allow hunting of game animals during Statewide seasons using archery methods or shotguns using shot no larger than BB.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of deer and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow only portable tree stands from September 1 through January 31. Hunters must place their State Conservation number on their stands.
              (ii) On the Boone's Crossing Unit, including Johnson Island, we allow deer and turkey hunters with archery methods only.
              (iii) On the Cora Island Unit, we allow deer hunting with archery methods only. We restrict hunting for other game on this unit to shotgun only with shot no larger than BB.
              (iv) For wild turkey hunting, you may use or possess only approved nontoxic shot shells (see § 32.2(k)) while in the field.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: You must operate all motorized boats at no-wake speed.
              (b) Clarence Cannon National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(2) [Reserved]
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You must register at the hunter sign-in/out station and record the sex and age of deer harvested on the Big Game Harvest Report (FWS Form 3-2359).
              (ii) We prohibit shooting at deer that are on any portion of the main perimeter levee.
              (iii) If you are assigned a specific blind location, you may hunt only from that location.

              (iv) We allow use of portable stands, but hunters must remove them at the end of each day (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (v) You must remove all boats, blinds, blind materials, stands, platforms, scaffolds, and other hunting equipment from the refuge at the end of each day's hunt (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit the taking of turtle or frog (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (ii) We allow only boat fishing, except that we allow bank fishing during managed refuge special events.
              (iii) Anglers must remove all boats and fishing equipment at the end of each day (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (c) Great River National Wildlife Refuge. Refer to § 32.32(e) for regulations.
              (d) Loess Bluffs National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of light goose on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow hunting of light geese only during the spring conservation order season.
              (ii) We require hunters to have a Special Use Permit (FWS Form 3-1383-C), and all hunters must hunt with a guide.
              (iii) We allow the guide and hunters into the hunt boundary up to 2 hours prior to legal shooting time.
              (iv) Hunting ends at 1 p.m.
              (v) We allow dogs while hunting, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (vi) We allow portable blinds and decoys at the discretion of the guide.
              (vii) We prohibit pit blinds.
              (viii) We prohibit retrieving crippled geese outside of the hunt boundary, including adjacent private land. This includes retrieval by dogs.
              (2) [Reserved]
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require a valid State-managed hunt unit permit to hunt deer on the refuge.
              (ii) We allow only muzzleloader hunting.
              (iii) We require hunters to check in and out of the refuge.
              (iv) You must remove your stand(s) from the refuge at the end of the managed deer hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: You may take fish, amphibians, reptiles, and crustaceans only with a hand-held pole and line or rod and reel.
              (e) Middle Mississippi River National Wildlife Refuge. Refer to § 32.32(i) for regulations.
              (f) Mingo National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow waterfowl hunting in Pool 7 and Pool 8 subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow the use of dogs for waterfowl hunting, provided the dogs are under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (ii) We allow waterfowl hunting from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until 1 p.m.
              (iii) You must remove boats, decoys, blinds, and blind materials brought onto the refuge at the end of each day's hunt (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (iv) We require hunters to go through the Missouri Department of Conservation daily draw process at Duck Creek Conservation Area to hunt in Pool 7 and Pool 8.
              (v) We require hunters to read our refuge hunting brochure that contains a hunting permit (signed brochure). We require hunters to sign and carry the permit/brochure while hunting.
              (vi) We allow the take of feral hog at any time, and bobcat when in season, while legally hunting others species on the refuge.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, raccoon, and bobcat in designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (f)(1)(v) and (vi) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow hunter access from 11/2 hours before legal shooting time until 11/2 hours after legal shooting time.

              (iii) We require that all hunters register at the hunter sign-in stations and complete an Upland Game Hunt Report (FWS Form 3-2362) located at the exit kiosks prior to exiting the refuge.

              (iv) We allow squirrel hunting from the State opening day until the day before the State opening of archery deer season.
              (v) Archery hunters may take squirrel, raccoon, and bobcat while in season and feral hog anytime while archery deer hunting.
              (vi) We allow raccoon hunting by special use permit during the Statewide raccoon season.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow big game hunting in designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (f)(1)(iii), (v), and (vi) and (f)(2)(ii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We require that all hunters register at the hunter sign-in stations and complete the Big Game Harvest Report (FWS Form 3-2359) located at the exit kiosks prior to exiting the refuge.
              (iii) We allow archery hunting for deer and turkey during the fall season.
              (iv) We allow spring turkey hunting. You may only use or possess approved nontoxic shot shells (see § 32.2(k)) while in the field, including shot shells used for hunting wild turkey.
              (v) We allow archery hunting in the Expanded General Hunt Area through October 31.
              (vi) We allow portable tree stands. You may place a portable tree stand no earlier than 2 weeks before the State archery deer season, and you must remove it no later than 2 weeks after the State archery deer season (see § 27.93 of this chapter), except that in the Expanded General Hunt Area, you must remove all personal property at the end of each day (see § 27.93 of this chapter). A tree stand left on the refuge must be labeled with hunter's conservation identification number.
              (vii) We allow only one tree stand per deer hunter.
              (viii) Hunters may use boats to access the hunt area.
              (ix) We require hunters to apply for managed deer hunts through the Missouri Department of Conservation internet draw.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Except as provided under paragraph (f)(4)(ii) of this section, we allow fishing from March 1 through September 30, from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until 1/2 hour after legal sunset, on all refuge waters.
              (ii) We allow fishing year-round from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 1/2 hour after legal sunset on Red Mill Pond, Mingo River (south of Ditch 6 Road), Stanley Creed, May Pond, Fox Pond, and Ditches 1, 2, 3, 6, 10, and 11.
              (iii) We allow the use of electric trolling motors outside the Mingo Wilderness.
              (iv) We require the removal of watercraft from the refuge at the end of each day's fishing activity (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (v) We allow anglers to take nongame fish by nets and seines for personal use only from March 1 through September 30.
              (vi) Anglers must attend trammel and gill nets at all times and plainly label them with the angler's conservation identification (ID) number.
              (vii) We only allow the use of trotlines, throwlines, limb lines, bank lines, and jug lines from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until 1/2 hour after legal sunset. Anglers must mark each line with their conservation ID number.
              (viii) We allow the take of common snapping turtle and soft-shelled turtle using only pole and line. We require all anglers to immediately release all alligator snapping turtles.
              (g) Swan Lake National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of waterfowl, dove, rail, snipe, and woodcock on the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require the Missouri Department of Conservation “Green Card” while hunting waterfowl.
              (ii) We require Missouri Department of Conservation “White Cards” while dove hunting.
              (iii) You must follow designated check-in and check-out procedures.
              (iv) We only allow waterfowl hunting during designated days of the waterfowl seasons, late goose season, and Spring Conservation Order season.
              (v) We restrict hunting hours to designated times on designated units. You must remove all equipment (see § 27.93 of this chapter) and exit units by 1 p.m.

              (vi) During the Spring Conservation Order season, you may leave decoys and blinds overnight in your assigned unit.
              (vii) You may hunt only in your assigned designated area. We assign designated areas to hunters at the check station.
              (viii) We allow the use of dogs while hunting, provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
              (ix) We restrict hunting units to parties no larger than four, unless otherwise designated.
              (x) We allow hand-pulled carts.
              (xi) You must park vehicles in designated parking areas.
              (xii) We prohibit hunting or shooting on, across, or within 100 feet (30.5 meters) of a service road, parking lot, or designated trail.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of upland game on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (g)(1)(xii) of this section applies.
              (ii) We allow shotguns, handguns, and rimfire .22 caliber rifles.
              (iii) You may not access the refuge from neighboring private or public lands.
              (iv) We restrict hunting use hours on designated hunting units.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of deer and wild turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (g)(1)(iii) and (g)(2)(iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) For wild turkey hunting, you may use or possess only approved nontoxic shot shells (see § 32.2(k)) while in the field.
              (iii) On the refuge, we allow hunting of white-tailed deer subject to the following conditions:
              (A) We require a Missouri Department of Conservation Permit, along with Missouri Department of Conservation hunter identification tags and parking permits (name/address/phone number), to hunt during the managed deer hunt.
              (B) You must participate in a pre-hunt orientation for managed deer hunts.
              (C) You must hunt in designated areas during designated times.
              (D) We allow entry onto the refuge 1 hour prior to shooting hours during managed deer hunts. You must be off the refuge 1 hour after shooting hours, unless the refuge manager or designee has given you permission to stay on the refuge until a later time.
              (E) We prohibit shooting from, across, or within 100 feet (30.5 meters (m)) of a service road, public road, parking lot, or designated trail unless authorized by the refuge manager.
              (F) We allow use of portable tree stands and blinds during managed deer hunts, and you must remove them at designated times (see § 27.93 of this chapter). You must attach your conservation identification number to all stands and blinds. During managed firearms hunts, you must mark enclosed hunting blinds and stands with hunter orange visible from all sides.
              (G) During special hunts, one nonhunting assistant may accompany youth or hunters with disabilities.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow fishing on the refuge only during refuge open hours.
              (ii) The Taylor Point area of Elk Creek is open to fishing year-round during daylight hours. Anglers may access this area by a refuge road (FHWA Route 100) off of State Highway E.
              (iii) We allow only nonmotorized boats on refuge waters, except that anglers may use motor boats on the Silver Lake impoundment. No wake applies to all waters on the refuge.
              (iv) Anglers must remove all boats from the refuge at the end of each day (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (h) Two Rivers National Wildlife Refuge. Refer to § 32.32(k) for regulations.

              § 32.45
              Montana.
              The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
              (a) Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, swan, and coot in designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) We allow hunters to enter and remain in open hunting areas 2 hours before legal sunrise until 2 hours after legal sunset.
              (ii) Hunters with a documented mobility disability may reserve an accessible blind in advance by contacting the refuge office.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of pheasant, sharp-tailed grouse, and gray partridge in designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The condition set forth at paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section applies.
              (3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing on designated areas of the refuge.
              (b) Benton Lake Wetland Management District—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow migratory game bird hunting on designated areas of the district.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow the hunting of coyote, skunk, red fox, raccoon, hare, rabbit, and tree squirrel on designated areas of the district.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow big game hunting on designated areas of the district.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the district.
              (c) Black Coulee National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, coot, swan, sandhill crane, and mourning dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: You must remove all boats, decoys, portable blinds, other personal property, and any materials brought onto the refuge for blind construction by legal sunset each day (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of pheasant, sharp-tailed grouse, sage grouse, gray partridge, fox, and coyote on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: Fox and coyote hunters may only use centerfire rifles, rimfire rifles, or shotguns with approved nontoxic shot (see § 32.2(k)).
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow big game hunting on designated portions of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow hunters to leave portable tree stands, portable blinds, and freestanding elevated platforms on the refuge from August 15 through December 15.
              (ii) You must visibly mark portable tree stands, portable blinds, and freestanding elevated platforms with your automated licensing system (ALS) number.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (d) Bowdoin National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, coot, swan, sandhill crane, and mourning dove on designated areas of the refuge.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of pheasant, sharp-tailed grouse, sage grouse, gray partridge, fox, and coyote on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You must possess and carry a refuge Special Use Permit (FWS Form 3-1383-G) to hunt fox and coyotes.
              (ii) Fox and coyote hunters may only use centerfire rifles, rimfire rifles, or shotguns with approved nontoxic shot (see § 32.2(k)).
              (iii) Any person hunting or accompanying a hunter must wear a minimum of 400 square inches (2,581 square centimeters) of hunter orange (fluorescent) material above the waist, visible at all times.
              (3)-(4) [Reserved]
              (e) Bowdoin Wetland Management District—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow migratory game bird hunting on designated areas of the district.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow upland game hunting on designated areas of the district.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow big game hunting on designated areas of the district subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You may leave portable tree stands, portable blinds, and freestanding elevated platforms on waterfowl production areas (WPAs) from August 15 through December 15.
              (ii) You must label portable tree stands, portable blinds, and freestanding elevated platforms with your automated licensing system (ALS) number. The label must be legible from the ground.

              (iii) We only allow the use of archery, muzzleloader (as governed by State regulations), or shotgun on the McNeil Slough WPA and Hammond WPA.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the district.
              (f) Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow migratory game bird hunting on designated areas of the refuge.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of upland game birds, turkey, and coyote on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We allow coyote hunting from the first day of antelope rifle season through March 1 annually.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of big game on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow the use of portable blinds and stands.
              (ii) We limit each hunter to three stands or blinds. The hunter must have their automated licensing system (ALS) number visibly marked on the stand(s) or blind(s).
              (iii) You may install portable stands and blinds no sooner than August 1, and you must remove them by December 15 of each year (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge.
              (g) Charles M. Russell Wetland Management District—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow migratory game bird hunting on designated areas of the district subject to the following condition: You must remove all watercraft and personal equipment following each day of hunting (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow upland game bird hunting on designated areas of the district.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow big game hunting on designated areas of the district subject to the following condition: You must remove your tree stand(s) from the refuge after each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the district subject to the following condition: Anglers must remove all motor boats and other personal equipment at the end of each day (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (h) Creedman Coulee National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, coot, swan, sandhill crane, and mourning dove on designated areas of the refuge.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of pheasant, sharp-tailed grouse, sage grouse, gray partridge, fox, and coyote on designated areas of the refuge.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow big game hunting on designated areas of the refuge.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (i) Hailstone National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow migratory game bird hunting on designated areas of the refuge.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow only upland game bird hunting on designated areas of the refuge.
              (3)-(4) [Reserved]
              (j) Hewitt Lake National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, coot, swan, sandhill crane, and mourning dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: You must remove all boats, decoys, portable blinds, other personal property, and any materials brought onto the refuge for blind construction by legal sunset each day (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of pheasant, sharp-tailed grouse, sage grouse, gray partridge, fox, and coyote on designated portions of the refuge subject to the following condition: Fox and coyote hunters may use only centerfire rifles, rim-fire rifles, or shotguns with approved nontoxic shot (see § 32.2(k)).
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow big game hunting on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow hunters to leave portable tree stands, portable blinds, and freestanding elevated platforms on the refuge from August 15 through December 15.
              (ii) You must visibly mark portable tree stands, portable blinds, and freestanding elevated platforms with your automated licensing system (ALS) number.
              (4) [Reserved]

              (k) Lake Mason National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds on designated areas of the refuge.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of upland game on designated areas of the refuge.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of big game on designated areas of the refuge.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (l) Lake Thibadeau National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, coot, swan, sandhill crane, and mourning dove on designated areas of the refuge.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of pheasant, sharp-tailed grouse, sage grouse, gray partridge, fox, and coyote on designated areas of the refuge.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow big game hunting on designated areas of the refuge.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (m) Lamesteer National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory birds on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: Hunters must obtain landowner permission before hunting on the refuge.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of upland game on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: Hunters must obtain landowner permission before hunting on the refuge.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of big game on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: Hunters must obtain landowner permission before hunting on the refuge.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: Anglers must obtain landowner permission before fishing on the refuge.
              (n) Lee Metcalf National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, and coot on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You must hunt from an established blind.
              (ii) Legal entry time into the hunting area is no earlier than 2 hours before legal shooting hours. All hunters must exit the hunting area no later than 2 hours after legal shooting hours.
              (iii) We prohibit wildlife observation, scouting, and loitering during waterfowl hunting season at the waterfowl hunting area parking lot and on the refuge road leading to the waterfowl hunting area parking lot.
              (iv) We close the waterfowl hunting area to waterfowl hunting on Mondays and Thursdays.
              (v) Each hunter must set the appropriate blind selector (metal flip tag) before and after hunting.
              (vi) We prohibit attempting to “reserve” a blind for use later in the day by depositing a vehicle or other equipment on the refuge. A hunter must be physically present in the hunting area in order to use a blind. The exceptions are blinds 2 and 7, which may be reserved for hunters with disabilities.
              (vii) No more than four hunters or individuals may use a blind at one time.
              (viii) You must conduct all hunting from within the hunting blind.
              (ix) All hunters must have a visible means of retrieving waterfowl such as a float tube, waders, or a dog capable of retrieving.
              (x) We prohibit falconry hunting.
              (xi) We allow the use of a portable ground blind within the immediate mowed area around field blind #13.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of turkey on designated areas of the refuge.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow archery hunting of white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit wildlife observation, scouting, and loitering at access points and parking areas.
              (ii) Hunters may only enter the hunt area 2 hours prior to legal hunting hours and must exit no later than 2 hours after legal hunting hours.
              (iii) We allow archery hunting in the waterfowl hunting area in September, except during the youth waterfowl hunt weekend. We will allow archery hunting on Mondays and Thursdays in the waterfowl hunting area during waterfowl hunting season.

              (iv) We allow the use of portable tree stands or ground blinds. You must attach a tag displaying the owner's automated licensing system (ALS) number to each tree stand and/or ground blind you place on the refuge.
              (v) Hunters may not enter or retrieve deer from closed areas of the refuge without the consent of an authorized official.
              (vi) Hunters with a documented mobility disability may access designated locations in the hunting area to hunt from ground blinds. To access these areas, hunters must contact the refuge manager in advance to obtain a Special Use Permit (FWS Form 3-1383-G).
              (vii) We prohibit organized drives. We define a “drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause game to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the game.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge.
              (o) Lost Trail National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of turkey and mountain grouse on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow use of riding or pack stock on designated access routes through the refuge to access off-refuge lands as identified in the public use leaflet.
              (ii) We prohibit retrieval of game in areas closed to hunting without a refuge retrieval permit.
              (iii) We allow portable or temporary blinds and tree stands.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of elk, white-tailed deer, and mule deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (o)(2)(i) through (iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) The first week of the archery elk and deer hunting season and the first week of the general elk and deer hunting season are open only to youth hunters (ages 12 to 15). A nonhunting adult age 18 or older must accompany the youth hunter in the field.
              (iii) Persons assisting disabled hunters must not be afield with a hunting firearm, bow, or other hunting device.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (p) Medicine Lake National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of coot, duck, goose, sandhill crane, tundra swan, snipe, and dove on designated areas of the refuge.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of pheasant, partridge, sharp-tailed grouse, coyote, red fox, and white-tailed jackrabbit on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We allow hunting of coyote, red fox, and white-tailed jackrabbit during daylight hours from November 15 through March 31.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of deer and antelope on designated areas of the refuge.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge.
              (q) National Bison Range. (1)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the National Bison Range as governed by joint State and Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribal regulations for non-members and Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribal regulations for members of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribe subject to the following condition: We prohibit the use of lead or lead-based lures or sinkers.
              (r) Ninepipe National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge as governed by joint State and Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribal regulations for non-members and Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribal regulations for members of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribe subject to the following condition: We prohibit the use of lead or lead-based tackle.
              (s) Northeast Montana Wetland Management District—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow migratory game bird hunting on designated areas of the district subject to the following condition: You must remove boats, decoys, portable blinds, other personal property, and any materials brought onto the area for blind construction at the end of each day (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow upland game hunting on designated areas of the district.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow big game hunting on designated areas of the district subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow hunters to leave portable tree stands and freestanding elevated platforms on waterfowl production areas (WPAs) from August 25 through February 15.
              (ii) You must label portable tree stands and freestanding elevated platforms with your automated licensing system (ALS) number so that the number is legible from the ground.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (t) Northwest Montana Wetland Management District—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow migratory game bird hunting on designated areas of the district as governed by State law (Flathead County waterfowl production areas (WPAs)) and joint State and Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribal regulations for non-members and Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribal regulations for members of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribe (Lake County WPAs), subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Hunters must remove all boats, decoys, portable blinds (including those made of native materials), boat blinds, and all other personal property at the end of each day (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (ii) We allow the use of hunting dogs when hunting.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow upland game hunting on designated areas of the district as governed by State law (Flathead County WPAs) and joint State and Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribal regulations for non-members and Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribal regulations for members of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribe (Lake County WPAs), subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit hunting with a shotgun capable of holding more than three shells.
              (ii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (t)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section apply.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow big game hunting on designated areas of the district as follows:
              (i) We allow big game hunting on Flathead County WPAs as governed by State law and subject to the following conditions:
              (A) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (t)(1)(i) and (t)(2)(i) of this section apply.
              (B) We restrict hunting on Flathead, Blasdel, and Batavia WPAs to hunting with archery equipment, shotgun, traditional handgun, muzzleloader, or crossbow only.
              (ii) We allow big game hunting on Lake County WPAs as governed by joint State and Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribal regulations for non-members and Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribal regulations for members of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribe.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on all WPAs throughout the district as governed by State law (Flathead County WPAs) and joint State and Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribal regulations for non-members and Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribal regulations for members of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribe (Lake County WPAs).
              (u) Pablo National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge as governed by joint State and Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribal regulations for non-members and Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribal regulations for members of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribe subject to the following condition: We prohibit the use of lead or lead-based lures or sinkers.
              (v) Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, and coot on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Hunters must remove all blinds, decoys, shell casings, and other personal equipment from the refuge each day (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (ii) We prohibit the use of motorized decoys.
              (2) [Reserved]
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of deer, elk, moose, and pronghorn antelope on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) We limit the number of hunters per day during the general big game season for the area north of South Valley Road, south of Red Rock River Mash, and west of Upper Red Rock Lake to the west refuge boundary. We close this area to hunting by other big game hunters during the general big game season. We select the hunters per day by annual lottery.
              (ii) You may hire outfitters or ranchers for the retrieval of big game only.
              (iii) We prohibit use of wheeled game carts or other mechanical transportation devices for game retrieval on portions of the refuge designated as Wilderness Area.
              (iv) We prohibit horses north of South Valley Road except for the retrieval of big game. We only allow horses for back-country access to the Centennial Mountains south of South Valley Road. We require the use of certified weed-free hay or pellets in refuge parking lots and on refuge roads or trails.
              (v) We prohibit hunting and/or shooting from or onto refuge lands from within 50 yards (45 meters) of the centerline of any public road open to motorized vehicles.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You may only use pole and line or rod and reel to fish on the refuge.
              (ii) We prohibit the use of felt-soled wading boots on all refuge waters.
              (iii) We prohibit the use or possession of lead sinkers or any lead fishing product while fishing.
              (w) Swan River National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, and coot on designated areas of the refuge.
              (2) [Reserved]
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow archery hunting of bear, elk, white-tailed deer, and mule deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow the use of portable blinds and stands.
              (ii) We limit each hunter to one stand or blind. The hunter must have their automated licensing system (ALS) number visibly marked on the stand or blind.
              (iii) You may install portable stands and blinds no sooner than August 1, and you must remove them by December 15 of each year (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (iv) We prohibit hunting of black bear during the State spring season.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge.
              (x) UL Bend National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds on designated areas of the refuge.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of upland game birds and coyote on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We allow coyote hunting from the first day of antelope rifle season through March 1 annually.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of big game on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow the use of portable blinds and stands.
              (ii) We limit each hunter to three stands or blinds. The hunter must have their automated licensing system (ALS) number visibly marked on the stand(s) or blind(s).
              (iii) You may install portable stands and blinds no sooner than August 1, and you must remove them by December 15 of each year (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge.
              (y) War Horse National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds on designated areas of the refuge.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of upland game birds on designated areas of the refuge.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of big game on designated areas of the refuge.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge.
              [84 FR 47675, Sept. 10, 2019, as amended at 85 FR 54124, Aug. 31, 2020]

              § 32.46
              Nebraska.
              The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
              (a) Boyer Chute National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, and coot on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Hunters may access the refuge from 2 hours before legal sunrise until 2 hours after legal sunset along the immediate shoreline and including the high bank of the Missouri River. You may access the hunting area by water or, if by land, only within the public use area of the Island Unit.
              (ii) You must remove all blinds and decoys at the conclusion of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (2) [Reserved]
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and wild turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The refuge manager will annually determine and publish hunting season dates and include them in the refuge access permit (signed brochure).
              (ii) You must possess and carry a refuge access permit (signed brochure) at all times while in the hunting area.
              (iii) We allow hunters in the designated areas from 2 hours before legal sunrise until 2 hours after legal sunset.
              (iv) We allow two portable tree stands/blinds per hunter within the hunt area. Of those, only one stand/blind can be left on the refuge from 1 week prior to the start of the designated hunt season to 1 week after the end of the designated hunt season.
              (v) You must plainly label unattended stands and blinds with the full name and/or hunting license number of the owner. Labels must be visible from ground level.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow personally attended hook and line fishing and archery fishing (rough fish only) from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 1/2 hour after legal sunset.
              (ii) We prohibit the use of trotlines, float lines, bank lines, or setlines.
              (iii) We prohibit digging or seining for bait.
              (iv) We prohibit the take or possession of turtles or frogs (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (v) Anglers may use no more than two lines and two hooks per line.
              (b) Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of coot, crow, dove, duck, goose, merganser, rail, and snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Hunters may access the refuge from 2 hours before legal sunrise until 2 hours after legal sunset.
              (ii) We allow the use of dogs.
              (iii) We open the refuge to hunting from September 1 through March 15.
              (iv) We prohibit publicly organized hunts unless authorized under a Special Use Permit (FWS Form 3-1383-C).
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of cottontail and jack rabbit, coyote, porcupine, prairie dog, State-defined furbearers, ring-necked pheasant, and prairie grouse on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (iv) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow electronic calls for coyote and furbearer hunting.
              (iii) Coyotes and all furbearers or their parts, if left in the field, must be left at least 50 yards away from any road, trail, or building. Otherwise, hunters must remove them from the refuge.
              (iv) Shooting hours are from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until 1/2 hour after legal sunset.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, mule deer, and pronghorn antelope on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(i), (iii), and (iv) of this section apply.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Anglers may enter the refuge 1 hour before legal sunrise and remain until 1 hour after legal sunset.
              (ii) We open Blue, Smith, Crane, and Island Lake to fishing year-round. We close all other refuge lakes to fishing.
              (iii) We prohibit leaving temporary shelters used for fishing overnight on the refuge.
              (c) Fort Niobrara National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of coot, crow, dark goose, dove, duck, light goose, rail, snipe, teal, and woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Hunters and anglers may access the refuge from 2 hours before legal sunrise until 2 hours after legal sunset.
              (ii) We allow access from designated areas of the refuge.
              (iii) You must remove all blinds and decoys at the conclusion of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (iv) We allow the use of dogs when hunting August 1 through April 30.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of badger, bobcat, coyote, fox, long-tailed weasel, mink, opossum, prairie dog, porcupine, rabbit, hare, raccoon, skunk, squirrel, woodchuck, State-defined furbearers, greater prairie chicken, grouse, partridge, pheasant, quail, and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i), (ii), and (iv) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow hunting with muzzleloader, archery, shotgun, and falconry.
              (iii) You may only possess nontoxic shot when hunting turkey (see § 32.2(k)).
              (iv) Shooting hours for coyote, prairie dog, porcupine, woodchuck, and State-defined furbearers are 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 1/2 hour after legal sunset.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of deer, elk, and pronghorn antelope on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow hunting only with muzzleloader and archery equipment.
              (iii) We allow portable tree stands and ground blinds to be used from August 16 through January 31.
              (iv) We allow muzzleloader deer hunting subject to the following condition: Hunters must possess a refuge hunt permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) and comply with all of its terms and conditions.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing on Minnechaduza Creek and on the Niobrara River, downstream from the Cornell Dam, subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit the use of limb or set lines.
              (iii) We prohibit the take of baitfish, reptiles, and amphibians.
              (iv) We prohibit use or possession of alcoholic beverages while fishing on refuge lands and waters.
              (d) John W. and Louise Seier National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of coot, crow, dark goose, dove, duck, light goose, merganser, rail, snipe, teal, and woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Hunters may access the refuge from 2 hours before legal sunrise until 2 hours after legal sunset.
              (ii) You must remove all blinds and decoys at the conclusion of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (iii) We allow the use of dogs August 1 through April 31.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of badger, bobcat, coyote, fox, long-tailed weasel, mink, opossum, prairie dog, porcupine, rabbit, hare, raccoon, skunk, squirrel, woodchuck, State-defined furbearers, greater prairie chicken, grouse, partridge, pheasant, quail, and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (d)(1)(i) and (iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) You may only possess nontoxic shot when hunting turkey (see § 32.2(k)).
              (iii) Shooting hours for coyote, prairie dog, porcupine, woodchuck, and State-defined furbearers are 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 1/2 hour after legal sunset.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of deer, elk, and pronghorn antelope on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (d)(1)(i) of this section applies.
              (ii) We allow portable tree stands and ground blinds to be used from August 16 through January 31.
              (4) [Reserved]

              (e) North Platte National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow youth hunting of pheasant, porcupine, prairie dog, rabbit, State-defined furbearers, squirrel, turkey, and coyote on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We close the Lake Alice Unit to all public entry from November 1 through January 14, and we close the Minatare and Winters Creek Units to all public entry from October 15 through January 14.
              (ii) Hunters must be 15 years of age or younger (“youth hunters”). A licensed hunter 19 years of age or older (“adult guide”) must accompany youth hunters. Adult guides must not hunt or carry firearms.
              (iii) We close the refuge to public use from legal sunset to legal sunrise. Youth hunters and adult guides may enter the designated hunting area 1 hour prior to legal sunrise.
              (iv) We allow the use of dogs for hunting upland game.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow archery hunting of mule deer and white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (e)(2)(i) of this section applies.
              (ii) We close the refuge to public use from legal sunset to legal sunrise. However, archery deer hunters may enter the designated hunting area 1 hour prior to legal sunrise and remain until 1 hour after legal sunset.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge.
              (f) Rainwater Basin Wetland Management District—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow migratory game bird hunting on designated areas of the district subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow the use of dogs when hunting, except that we prohibit hunting with dogs from May 1 to July 31.
              (ii) We prohibit exercising, running, or training dogs from May 1 to July 31.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow upland game hunting on designated areas of the district subject to the following condition: The conditions set forth at paragraphs (f)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section apply.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow big game hunting on designated areas of the district subject to the following condition: The conditions set forth at paragraphs (f)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section apply.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the district.
              (g) Valentine National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of coot, crow, dove, dark goose, duck, light goose, merganser, rail, snipe, and woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow hunter access from 2 hours before legal sunrise to 2 hours after legal sunset.
              (ii) We allow the use of dogs.
              (iii) We prohibit shooting from a motor vehicle or across any refuge roadway or right-of-way.
              (iv) You must remove all blinds and decoys at the conclusion of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of cottontail rabbit, coyote, partridge, prairie chicken, quail, ring-neck pheasant, State-defined furbearers, sharp-tailed grouse, squirrel, and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (g)(1)(i) through (iv) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow coyote and State-defined furbearer hunting from September 1 to March 31. Shooting hours are 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 1/2 hour after legal sunset.
              (iii) We prohibit the use of dogs to hunt coyotes.
              (iv) We prohibit the use of bait to hunt coyotes.
              (v) You may only possess nontoxic shot when hunting turkey (see § 32.2(k)).
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of elk, white-tailed deer, mule deer, and pronghorn antelope on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (g)(1)(i) and (iii) of this section apply.

              (ii) We allow portable tree stands and ground blinds to be used from August 16 through January 31.

              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Anglers may enter the refuge 1 hour before legal sunrise and remain 11/2 hours after legal sunset.
              (ii) We prohibit the take of reptiles, amphibians, and minnows (see § 27.21 of this chapter), with the exception that you may take bullfrogs on refuge lakes open to fishing.
              [84 FR 47675, Sept. 10, 2019, as amended at 85 FR 54124, Aug. 31, 2020]

              § 32.47
              Nevada.
              The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
              (a) Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, coot, moorhen, snipe, and dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We only allow motorless boats or boats with electric motors on the refuge hunting area during the migratory waterfowl hunting season.
              (ii) We open the refuge to the public from 1 hour before legal sunrise until 1 hour after legal sunset.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of quail and rabbit on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The condition set forth at paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section applies.
              (3)-(4) [Reserved]
              (b) Desert National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(2) [Reserved]
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of bighorn sheep on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We require bighorn sheep guides to obtain a Special Use Permit (FWS Form 3-1383-C) prior to taking clients onto the refuge.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (c) Fallon National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, swan, coot, merganser, snipe, and dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow motorized and nonmotorized boats for hunting.
              (ii) We allow the use of dogs when hunting game birds.
              (iii) We allow overnight stays while hunting subject to the following conditions:
              (A) You may stay overnight only at designated sites within the refuge boundary.
              (B) We limit overnight stays to 4 consecutive nights at one location, and to 12 consecutive nights on the refuge.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of quail, rabbit, turkey, badger, beaver, and coyote on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(ii) and (iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow artificial lighting for hunting coyotes.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of mule deer and pronghorn on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The condition set forth at paragraph (c)(1)(iii) of this section applies.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (d) Pahranagat National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, coot, moorhen, snipe, and dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow hunting on designated days.
              (ii) We only allow motorless boats or boats with electric motors on the refuge hunting area during the migratory waterfowl hunting season.
              (iii) From October 1 to February 1, you may only possess shotshells in quantities of 25 or fewer when in the field once you have left your assigned parking lot or boat launch.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of quail and rabbit on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow hunting on designated days.
              (ii) We allow hunting of jackrabbits only during the State cottontail season.
              (iii) You may not possess more than 25 shot shells while in the field once you have left your assigned parking lot or boat launch.
              (3) [Reserved]

              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We allow fishing year-round, except that we close the North Marsh to all fishing from October 1 through February 1.
              (e) Ruby Lake National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of dark goose, duck, coot, moorhen, and common snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Hunters may access the refuge from 1 hour before legal sunrise until 2 hours after legal sunset.
              (ii) Hunters must remove all blind materials and decoys following each day's hunt.
              (2)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Anglers may access the refuge from 1 hour before legal sunrise until 2 hours after legal sunset.
              (ii) We allow fishing by wading and from personal flotation devices (float tubes) and bank fishing in designated areas.
              (iii) You may use only artificial lures in the Collection Ditch and adjoining spring ponds.
              (iv) We prohibit the possession of live or dead bait fish, any amphibians (including frogs), and crayfish on the refuge.
              (f) Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, and coot on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We allow only portable blinds and temporary blinds constructed of synthetic material.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of quail, grouse, and chukar on designated areas of the refuge.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of deer, antelope, and bighorn sheep on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow ground blinds, and you must not construct them earlier than 1 week prior to the opening day of the legal season for which you have a valid State-issued hunting permit.
              (ii) You must remove blinds within 24 hours of harvesting an animal or at the end of the permittee's legal season (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (iii) You must label blinds with your State hunting license and permit numbers.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge.
              (g) Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, swan, coot, merganser, snipe, and dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow the use of dogs when hunting game birds.
              (ii) We allow overnight stays while hunting subject to the following conditions:
              (A) You may stay overnight only at designated sites within the refuge boundary.
              (B) We limit overnight stays to 4 consecutive nights at one location, and to 12 consecutive nights on the refuge.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of quail, rabbit, turkey, badger, beaver, and coyote on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Approved methods of take include shotgun and federally approved non-lead shot, bow and arrow, and falconry.
              (ii) We allow the use of dogs when hunting.
              (iii) The condition set forth at paragraph (g)(1)(ii) of this section applies.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of mule deer and pronghorn on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Approved methods of take include shotgun, muzzle-loading rifle, and bow and arrow.
              (ii) The condition set forth at paragraph (g)(1)(ii) of this section applies.
              (4) [Reserved]
              [84 FR 47675, Sept. 10, 2019, as amended at 85 FR 54126, Aug. 31, 2020]

              § 32.48
              New Hampshire.
              The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
              (a) Great Bay National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of waterfowl on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You must access waterfowl hunting areas by boat launched from off-refuge sites only. We prohibit overland access through the refuge.
              (ii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (2) [Reserved]
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and wild turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit hunters from discharging a bow and arrow within 15 feet (4.5 meters), or a firearm within 200 feet (61 meters), of the traveled portion of, or across, any refuge roads or trails.
              (ii) We allow hunting for deer during a 2-day hunt during the first weekend of the State's firearms season subject to the following conditions:
              (A) We require hunters to have a lottery-issued refuge firearms deer hunt permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) and to possess it at all times while scouting and hunting on the refuge.
              (B) We allow scouting during the week prior to the first day of the firearms deer hunt.
              (C) Hunters must check-in with refuge personnel prior to entering the refuge, and must check out with refuge personnel when exiting the refuge.
              (D) Hunters must register harvested deer at the refuge check station, if a refuge check station is offered.
              (E) Hunters must wear a minimum of 400 square inches (2,581 square centimeters) of solid-colored, blaze-orange clothing or material, in a visible manner on the head, chest, and back.
              (iii) We allow archery deer and archery turkey hunting during the fall season subject to the following conditions:
              (A) We require hunters to have a lottery-issued refuge hunt permit (Big/Upland Game Hunt Application, FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) and to possess it at all times while scouting and hunting on the refuge.
              (B) We allow scouting during the week prior to the season opening.
              (C) We prohibit archery hunting during the 2-day deer firearms hunt, unless the hunter possesses the appropriate firearms deer hunt permit.
              (iv) We allow turkey hunting during the spring season subject to the following conditions: The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(3)(iii)(A) and (B) of this section apply.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (b) Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, common snipe, and American woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of coyote, fox, raccoon, woodchuck, red squirrel, eastern gray squirrel, porcupine, skunk, crow, snowshoe hare, ring-necked pheasant, and ruffed grouse on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, moose, black bear, and wild turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We allow tree stands and blinds that are clearly marked with the owner's State hunting license number.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (c) Umbagog National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, snipe, coot, crow, and woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of fox, raccoon, woodchuck, squirrel, porcupine, skunk, snowshoe hare, ring-necked pheasant, and ruffed grouse on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit night hunting from 1/2 hour after legal sunset until 1/2 hour before legal sunrise the following day.
              (ii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of bear, white-tailed deer, coyote, wild turkey, and moose on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (ii) Hunters must retrieve all species harvested on the refuge.
              (iii) We allow temporary blinds and tree stands that are clearly marked with the owner's State hunting license number. You may erect temporary blinds and tree stands no earlier than 14 days prior to the hunting season, and you must remove them within 14 days after the hunting season (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge.
              [84 FR 47675, Sept. 10, 2019, as amended at 85 FR 54126, Aug. 31, 2020]

              § 32.49
              New Jersey.
              The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
              (a) Cape May National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of waterfowl, coot, moorhen, rail, snipe, and woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The snipe season on the refuge begins with the start of the State early woodcock south zone season and continues through the end of the State snipe season.
              (ii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (iii) We prohibit falconry.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of rabbit and squirrel on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(ii) and (iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow rabbit and squirrel hunting following the end of the State's 6-day firearm season for white-tailed deer, until the close of the regular rabbit and squirrel season.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: Tree stands must be marked with the owner's New Jersey Conservation Identification Number.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow saltwater sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow fishing from 1 hour before legal sunrise to 1 hour after legal sunset.
              (ii) We close the Atlantic Ocean beach annually to all access, including fishing, between April 1 and September 30.
              (iii) We prohibit fishing for, or possession of, shellfish on refuge lands.
              (b) Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of waterfowl, coot, moorhen, and rail on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require hunters to possess a signed refuge hunt permit (Migratory Bird Hunt Application FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) at all times while scouting and hunting on the refuge.
              (ii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section apply.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and wild turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section applies.
              (ii) You must mark deer stands with the hunter's New Jersey Conservation Identification Number. You must remove deer stands from the refuge at the end of the last day of the hunting season (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We prohibit the use of lead fishing tackle on the refuge.
              (c) Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(2) [Reserved]
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) Hunters must obtain a refuge hunt permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System), and possess the signed refuge permit at all times while hunting or scouting on the refuge.
              (ii) On scouting days, hunters must access the refuge between legal sunrise and legal sunset. On hunting days, hunters may enter the refuge 2 hours before legal shooting time and must leave no later than 2 hours after legal shooting time.
              (iii) Hunters may put up tree stands beginning on the first scouting day, except on the day of the refuge's youth hunt. Hunters must retrieve their stands by 12 p.m. (noon) on the Sunday after the last day of the hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter). All hunters must put their Conservation Identification Number on their stand, and they may have only one stand in the field at any one time.
              (iv) We allow hunters to use sleds to retrieve deer in the Wilderness Area east of Long Hill/New Vernon Road. We prohibit wheeled game carriers.
              (v) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a “deer drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (d) Supawna Meadows National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose and duck on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (2) [Reserved]
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We allow only bow hunting on the refuge.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing and crabbing on the refuge in designated areas subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We prohibit the taking of frogs and turtles from all nontidal waters and refuge lands (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (ii) We prohibit fishing in designated nontidal waters from legal sunset to legal sunrise.
              (iii) We prohibit bow fishing in nontidal waters.
              (e) Wallkill River National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory birds on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Hunters must obtain a refuge hunt permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System). We require hunters to possess a signed refuge hunt permit at all times while scouting and hunting on the refuge.
              (ii) Hunters may enter the refuge 2 hours before legal shooting time and must leave no later than 2 hours after legal shooting time.
              (iii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of coyote, fox, crow, ruffed grouse, opossum, raccoon, pheasant, chukar, rabbit/hare/jackrabbit, squirrel, and woodchuck on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (e)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow hunting from legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, bear, and wild turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (e)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a “deer drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We open Owens Station Crossing for catch-and-release fishing only.

              (ii) We allow fishing from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 1/2 hour after legal sunset.

              (iii) We prohibit the taking of amphibians and reptiles (see § 27.21 of this chapter).
              (iv) We prohibit trapping fish for use as bait.
              [84 FR 47675, Sept. 10, 2019, as amended at 85 FR 54127, Aug. 31, 2020]

              § 32.50
              New Mexico.
              The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
              (a) Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose; duck; coot; mourning and white-winged dove; and sandhill crane on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We restrict hunting in the Middle Tract to the following times:
              (A) You may hunt only on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays during the period when the State seasons that apply to the Middle Tract area are open.
              (B) You may hunt only until 1 p.m. on each hunt day.
              (ii) On the South Tract, we allow hunting only during special hunts (hunters with disabilities and/or youth hunters age 17 and younger).
              (iii) You must remove all waterfowl decoys and all temporary blinds/stands after each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (iv) We allow the use of dogs when hunting.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of pheasant, quail (scaled, Gambel's, northern bobwhite, and Montezuma), Eurasian collared-dove, desert cottontail, and black-tailed jackrabbit on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow rabbit hunting on the North Tract only during the season that is concurrently open for quail hunting within the State.
              (ii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section apply.
              (iii) We allow Eurasian collared-dove hunting on the North Tract only during the season that is concurrently open for dove hunting within the State.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of mule deer, white-tailed deer, and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Hunters may take feral hog (no bag limit) only while legally hunting deer and only with the weapon legal for deer on that day in that area.
              (ii) You must remove all temporary blinds/stands after each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (4) [Reserved]
              (b) Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of mourning dove, white-winged dove, and light goose on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow hunting of light goose in the North Special Hunt Area on dates to be determined by refuge staff. Hunters must possess a permit available through a lottery drawing (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System).
              (ii) Hunting hours for mourning and white-winged dove are from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to legal sunset. Hunting hours for light goose are from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 12:00 p.m. (noon) Mountain Time.
              (iii) You must remove all spent shells and all other personal equipment at the end of each day's hunt (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (iv) We allow the use of dogs when hunting.
              (v) We prohibit falconry on the refuge.
              (vi) We allow the use of horses and pack stock in support of hunting in the East Hunt Unit only.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of scaled, Gambel's, northern bobwhite, and Montezuma quail; cottontail rabbit; black-tailed jackrabbit; and Eurasian collared-dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(iv) through (vi) of this section apply.
              (ii) Hunting hours are from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 1/2 after legal sunset.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of mule deer, javelina, oryx, and bearded Rio Grande turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(vi) and (b)(2)(ii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow hunting of bearded Rio Grande turkey for youth hunters in the North Special Hunt Area and South Special Hunt Area during the State-established youth hunt and on weekends April through May during the State-established general spring turkey hunt. All hunters must fill out FWS Form 3-2439 (Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) and pay a fee. The permit is available through a lottery drawing. If selected, you must carry your refuge hunt permit (FWS Form 3-2439) at all times during the hunt.
              (iii) We allow incidental take of feral hog by those legally licensed for, and participating in, other big game hunting activities. You may take feral hog only with a method allowed within each refuge hunt unit. We prohibit the use of dogs for this activity.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow fishing from April 1 through September 30.
              (ii) We allow fishing from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until 1/2 hour after legal sunset.
              (iii) We prohibit trotlines, bow fishing, seining, dip netting, and traps.
              (iv) We allow frogging for bullfrog on the refuge in areas that are open to fishing. We allow the use of hook and line, spears, gigs, and archery equipment to take bullfrog.
              (c) Las Vegas National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory Game Bird Hunting. We allow hunting of mourning dove and goose on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) You must possess and carry a refuge hunt permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System).
              (ii) We allow the use of dogs when hunting.
              (iii) We allow hunting of goose on dates to be determined by refuge staff. Hunters must possess a permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System).
              (iv) Shooting hours for geese are from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 1 p.m. local time.
              (v) We assign a bag limit for both light goose and Canada goose.
              (2)—(4) [Reserved]
              (d) Maxwell National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow fishing from noon March 1 through October 31.
              (ii) We allow boats on Lake 13 only during the fishing season; boats must travel at trolling speed only.
              (e) San Andres National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(2) [Reserved]
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of oryx or gemsbok (Oryx gazella) and desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis mexicana) on designated areas of the refuge as governed by White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) regulations subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Hunters using livestock (i.e., horses or mules) must provide only certified weed-free feed to their animals while on the refuge. You must feed livestock weed-free feed exclusively for 3 days prior to arrival on the refuge.
              (ii) We allow all-terrain vehicle (ATV) use by hunters or members of their hunting party, for game retrieval only. ATVs must remain on designated roads. All vehicles, including trailers and ATVs, must be cleaned of mud, vegetation, and other debris prior to use on the refuge.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (f) Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of mourning dove, white-winged dove, goose, duck, and coot on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) In Units A and B, legal hunting hours begin from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise and will not extend past 1 p.m. on each hunt day. Hunters may access Units A and B from 1 hour before legal sunrise until 1 hour after legal sunset.
              (ii) In Unit B, we allow waterfowl hunting from designated blinds only.
              (iii) We allow the use of dogs when hunting.

              (iv) At Unit A, in the Cornerstone Marsh Unit, we give priority use to disabled hunters (per Mobility-Impaired Certification in the State Hunting Rules and Information pamphlet).
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of Gambel's quail and Eurasian collared-dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (f)(1)(iii) and (iv) of this section apply.
              (ii) In the Rio Puerco Unit, legal hunting hours will run from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (iii) We allow falcons to hunt dove in the Rio Puerco Unit only.
              (iv) We open to Eurasian collared-dove hunting only during the State South Zone mourning and white-winged dove season.
              (3)-(4) [Reserved]
              [84 FR 47675, Sept. 10, 2019, as amended at 85 FR 54127, Aug. 31, 2020]

              § 32.51
              New York.
              The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
              (a) Amagansett National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We seasonally close the refuge to sport fishing from April 1 to August 31.
              (b) Elizabeth A. Morton National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge.
              (c) Iroquois National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, rail, coot, gallinule, woodcock, and snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (ii) For hunting of duck, goose, and coot:
              (A) We allow hunting on Saturday of the New York State Youth Days.
              (B) We allow hunting Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays during the regular waterfowl season, excluding opening day of deer firearms season.
              (C) We require proof of successful completion of the New York State waterfowl identification course, the Iroquois nonresident waterfowl identification course, or a suitable nonresident State waterfowl identification course. All hunters must show proof of successful course completion each time they hunt.
              (D) We require a refuge hunt permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System).
              (E) We allow hunting from legal starting time until 12 p.m. (noon). We require hunters to return a completed Migratory Bird Hunt Report (FWS Form 3-2361) no later than 1 p.m. on the day of the hunt.
              (F) Hunters must remain in designated hunting areas, unless actively pursuing downed or crippled birds.
              (iii) For hunting of rail, gallinule, snipe, and woodcock, we allow hunting during the State seasons east of Sour Springs Road by all hunters, except we close rail, gallinule, snipe and woodcock hunting during refuge waterfowl hunt days to hunters without a refuge waterfowl permit.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of ruffed grouse, gray squirrel, cottontail rabbit, pheasant, coyote, fox, raccoon, skunk, and opossum on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section applies.
              (ii) For small game hunting:
              (A) We allow hunting from opening day of the State season until the last day of February.
              (B) We prohibit the use of raptors to take small game.
              (iii) For furbearer hunting, we prohibit hunting from legal sunset to legal sunrise.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require a refuge permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) for spring turkey hunting.

              (ii) The condition set forth at paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section applies.

              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing and frogging on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow fishing and frogging from legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (ii) We prohibit collecting fish for use as bait.
              (d) Montezuma National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of waterfowl, Canada goose, snow goose, and gallinule on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (ii) For the regular waterfowl season:
              (A) We require daily refuge permits (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) and reservations; we issue permits to hunters with a reservation for that hunt day. We require you to complete and return your permit by the end of the hunt day.
              (B) We allow hunting only on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays during the established refuge season set within the State western zone season. We allow a youth waterfowl hunt during New York State's established youth waterfowl hunt each year.
              (C) All hunters with reservations and their hunting companions must check-in at the Route 89 Hunter Check Station area at least 1 hour before legal shooting time or forfeit their reservation.
              (D) We allow motorless boats to hunt waterfowl. We limit hunters to one boat per reservation and one motor vehicle in the hunt area per reservation.
              (E) We prohibit shooting from within 500 feet (152.4 meters) of the Tschache Pool observation tower.
              (F) We require proof of successful completion of the New York State waterfowl identification course, the Montezuma nonresident waterfowl identification course, or a suitable nonresident State waterfowl identification course. All hunters must show proof of successful course completion each time they hunt.
              (G) You may hunt gallinule only during the regular waterfowl season.
              (iii) For Canada goose and snow goose hunting:
              (A) We allow hunting of Canada goose during the New York State September season and of snow goose during portions of the New York State snow goose season and portions of the period covered by the Light Goose Conservation Order.
              (B) You must possess a valid daily hunt permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System). We require you to complete and return the daily hunt permit card by the end of the hunt day.
              (C) For snow goose hunting, hunters may enter the refuge no earlier than 4 hours before legal sunrise. For Canada goose hunting, hunters may enter the refuge no earlier than 2 hours before legal sunrise.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of rabbit and squirrel on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (d)(1)(i) of this section applies.
              (ii) You must possess a valid daily hunt permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) and are required to complete and return the daily hunt permit card by the end of each hunt day.
              (iii) We allow upland game hunters to access the refuge from 2 hours before legal sunrise until 2 hours after legal sunset.
              (iv) We require the use of approved nontoxic shot for upland game hunting (see § 32.2(k)).
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and wild turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (d)(1)(i) of this section applies.
              (ii) You must possess a valid daily hunt permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System). We require you to complete and return the daily hunt permit card by the end of the hunt day.
              (iii) We allow white-tailed deer and turkey hunters to access the refuge from 2 hours before legal sunrise until 2 hours after the end of legal shooting time.

              (iv) We allow youth and special big game hunts during New York State's established youth and special big game hunts each year.

              (4) Sport fishing. We allow access for fishing from designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We prohibit the use of lead fishing tackle.
              (e) Oyster Bay National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: Anglers may fish from the refuge shoreline at Mill Pond from legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (f) Seatuck National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(2) [Reserved]
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow archery hunting on specific days between November 1 and January 31.
              (ii) Hunters must obtain and possess a refuge-specific permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) for hunting on the refuge.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: Anglers may fish in refuge-controlled waters of the Great South Bay from boats only.
              (g) Shawangunk Grasslands National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(2) [Reserved]
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Hunters must purchase and possess a signed refuge hunt permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) at all times while scouting and hunting on the refuge.
              (ii) You may hunt deer using archery equipment only.
              (iii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a “deer drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.
              (iv) Hunters may enter the refuge 2 hours before legal shooting time and leave no later than 2 hours after legal shooting time.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (h) Target Rock National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We allow sport fishing in Huntington Bay from the refuge shoreline when the refuge is open to visitors.
              (i) Wallkill River National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory birds on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) Hunters must obtain and possess a signed refuge hunt permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) at all times while scouting and hunting on the refuge.
              (ii) Hunters may enter the refuge 2 hours before legal shooting time and leave no later than 2 hours after legal shooting time.
              (iii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of rabbit/hare, gray/black/fox squirrel, pheasant, bobwhite quail, ruffed grouse, crow, red/gray fox, coyote, bobcat, raccoon, skunk, mink, weasel, and opossum on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (i)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We allow hunting from legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, bear, and wild turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (i)(1)(i) and (ii), and (i)(2)(ii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a “deer drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) We open Owens Station Crossing for catch-and-release fishing only.

              (ii) We allow fishing from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 1/2 hour after legal sunset.
              (iii) We prohibit the taking of amphibians and reptiles.
              (iv) We prohibit minnow/bait trapping.
              (j) Wertheim National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(2) [Reserved]
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and turkey within designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow archery and shotgun hunting of white-tailed deer during specific days between November 1 and January 31.
              (ii) We require a permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) for hunting on the refuge.
              (iii) Hunters assigned to Unit 5 must hunt from portable tree stands and must direct aim away from a public road and/or dwelling.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow shore and boat fishing on the portion of the Carmans River between Sunrise and Montauk Highways.
              (ii) We allow only boat fishing from Montauk Highway south to the mouth of the Carmans River.
              (iii) We prohibit spearfishing.
              (iv) We prohibit the taking of baitfish and frogs.
              [84 FR 47675, Sept. 10, 2019, as amended at 85 FR 54128, Aug. 31, 2020]

              § 32.52
              North Carolina.
              The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
              (a) Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, tundra swan, coot, mourning dove, snipe and woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require all hunters to possess and carry a signed, self-service refuge hunting regulations and permit (signed brochure) while hunting on the refuge.
              (ii) We allow the use of dogs when hunting in designated areas.
              (iii) We allow hunters to enter and remain in open hunting areas from 1 hour before legal shooting time until 1 hour after legal shooting time.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of quail, rabbit, squirrel, opossum, and raccoon on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section apply.
              (ii) We only allow dog training during the corresponding hunt season.
              (iii) We require a Special Use Permit (FWS Form 3-1383-G) to hunt raccoon or opossum from 1/2 hour after legal sunset until 1/2 hour before legal sunrise.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (iii) and (a)(2)(ii) of this section apply.
              (ii) Unarmed hunters may walk to retrieve stray dogs from closed areas and “no dog hunting” areas.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing and frogging on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow only fishing from legal sunrise to legal sunset.
              (ii) We only allow pole and line, rod and reel, or cast net.
              (iii) We require a Special Use Permit (FWS Form 3-1383-G) for fishing or frogging between legal sunset and legal sunrise.
              (iv) You must only take frogs by use of frog gigs.
              (b) Cedar Island National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of tundra swan, Canada and snow goose, brant, duck, teal, and coot on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow portable blinds. Hunters must remove blinds, decoys, and other personal property from the refuge at the end of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).

              (ii) Hunters/hunt parties must not hunt closer than 150 yards (135 meters) apart.

              (iii) We allow hunters to enter and remain in open hunting areas from 1 hour before legal shooting time until 1 hour after legal shooting time.
              (2)-(4) [Reserved]
              (c) Currituck National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of swan, goose, duck, and coot on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require a North Carolina Waterfowl Hunt Permit or a refuge hunt permit (signed brochure). You must carry a permit while hunting on the refuge.
              (ii) You must hunt from your assigned blind location.
              (iii) We allow hunting from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 4:20 p.m. (as governed by County regulations).
              (iv) We allow hunters to access the refuge 11/2 hours before legal shooting time until 1 hour after legal shooting time.
              (2) [Reserved]
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of deer and feral hog on limited dates on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require a refuge hunting permit (signed brochure) that hunters must sign and carry while hunting on the refuge.
              (ii) We allow the use of shotguns, muzzleloading rifles/shotguns, and bows in designated units. We prohibit the use of all other rifles and crossbows.
              (iii) We allow hunters on the refuge from 1 hour before legal sunrise to 1 hour after legal sunset.
              (iv) We allow the use of portable tree stands, but hunters must remove them from the refuge at the end of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (v) Hunters may access the refuge by foot, boat, and/or vehicle, but we prohibit hunting from a boat or vehicle.
              (vi) Each youth hunter, age 15 and younger, must have successfully completed a State-approved hunter safety course, and must possess and carry proof of certification. While hunting, each youth hunter must remain within sight and normal voice contact of an adult age 21 or older. An adult may directly supervise up to two youth hunters.
              (4) [Reserved]
              (d) Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge. Refer to § 32.65(e) for regulations.
              (e) Mackay Island National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(2) [Reserved]
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require a refuge deer hunting permit (signed brochure) that hunters must sign and carry while hunting on the refuge.
              (ii) We allow the use of shotguns, muzzleloading rifles/shotguns, pistols, crossbows, and bows. We prohibit the use of all other rifles.
              (iii) We allow access to hunting areas from 5 a.m. until 8 p.m.
              (iv) We prohibit carrying a loaded firearm on or within 50 feet (15 meters) of gravel roads.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We allow fishing only from legal sunrise to legal sunset from March 15 through October 15, except that we allow fishing along the Marsh Causeway year-round. The 0.3 Mile Loop Trail and the terminus of the canal immediately adjacent to the Visitor Center are open year-round, but we close them during the refuge permit deer hunts.
              (ii) Anglers must attend all fishing lines.
              (f) Mattamuskeet National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow the hunting of tundra swan, goose, duck, and coot on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require refuge-issued permits (name and address) that you must validate at the refuge headquarters, sign, and possess while hunting.
              (ii) Refuge personnel will assign you to a hunting blind. You must hunt from your assigned blind.
              (iii) Hunters may only shoot crippled waterfowl from outside the assigned blind.

              (iv) Hunters may use decoys, but you must remove them from the refuge at the end of each day's hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).

              (v) All waterfowl hunters must check out at the assigned station prior to leaving the refuge.
              (vi) Shooting hours are from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise until 12 p.m. (noon).
              (vii) We allow the use of dogs when hunting.
              (viii) We allow the taking of only Canada goose during the State September Canada goose season subject to the following conditions:
              (A) We allow hunting Monday through Saturday during the State season.
              (B) The hunter must possess and carry a validated refuge permit (name and address) while hunting.
              (ix) Hunting by youth hunters (age 16 and younger) is subject to the following conditions:
              (A) Validly licensed adults, age 21 or older, holding applicable permits must accompany and supervise, remaining in sight and voice contact at all times, any youth hunters. Each adult may supervise no more than two youth hunters.
              (B) Youth hunters must possess and carry evidence of successful completion of a State-approved hunter education course.
              (C) We allow hunting on Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays during the late and youth waterfowl State seasons.
              (2) [Reserved]
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow the hunting of white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The hunter must possess and carry a signed, validated refuge permit (name and address) and a State-issued lottery permit while hunting.
              (ii) Hunters may take one antlered deer and one antlerless deer per day, or two antlerless deer per day.
              (iii) Hunters may take deer with shotgun, bow and arrow, crossbow, or muzzleloading rifle/shotgun.
              (iv) We allow hunters on the refuge from 1 hour before legal shooting time until 1 hour after legal shooting time.
              (v) Hunters can use boats to access hunt areas, but we prohibit hunting from a boat.
              (vi) We allow the use of only portable blinds and deer stands. Blinds must display hunter orange that is visible from all directions. Hunters with a valid permit (name and address) may erect one portable blind or stand the day before the start of their hunt and must remove it at the end of the second day of that 2-day hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter). Any stands or blinds left overnight on the refuge must have a tag with the hunter's State hunting license number.
              (vii) Hunters must wear a minimum of 500 square inches (3,250 square centimeters) of hunter-orange material above the waist that is visible from all directions.
              (viii) An adult may only supervise one youth hunter. The youth hunter must be within sight and normal voice contact of the adult.
              (ix) We allow the use of only biodegradable-type flagging.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing and crabbing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We are open to sport fishing, bow fishing, and crabbing from March 1 through October 31, from 1/2 hour before legal sunrise to 1/2 hour after legal sunset, except that we allow bank fishing and crabbing year-round from:
              (A) State Route 94 (24 hours a day);
              (B) The north bridge and south of the north bridge at Lake Landing;
              (C) The Outfall Canal water control structure;
              (D) The Central Canal bridge on Wildlife Drive; and
              (E) Along the west main and east main canal between the Entrance Road metal bridge and Number One East Canal as posted.
              (ii) We prohibit herring dipping.
              (iii) We allow crabbing subject to the following conditions:
              (A) We allow only five handlines and hand-activated traps per person. Owners must be in attendance, and must remove all handlines and traps daily (see §§ 27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
              (B) We prohibit crab pots.
              (C) You may only take or possess 12 crabs per person per day.
              (g) Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(3) [Reserved]
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing and crabbing on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We require all recreational nighttime surf anglers to possess and carry a signed, self-service refuge nighttime surf fishing permit (signed brochure) while fishing on the refuge between 1/2 hour after legal sunset and 1/2 hour before legal sunrise.
              (h) Pee Dee National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of dove on designated dates and areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require all hunters to possess and carry a signed refuge general hunt permit (signed brochure) and government-issued picture identification while in the field.
              (ii) Validly licensed adults, age 21 or older, holding applicable permits must accompany and supervise, remaining in sight and voice contact at all times, any youth hunters (age 18 and younger). Each adult may supervise no more than two youth hunters. Youth hunters must possess and carry evidence of successful completion of a State-approved hunter education course.
              (iii) We prohibit hunting on Sundays.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of quail, rabbit, squirrel, raccoon, and opossum on designated dates and areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (h)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section apply (with the following exception to the condition at paragraph (h)(1)(ii): Each adult may supervise no more than one youth hunter).
              (ii) We require the use of dogs on raccoon/opossum hunts. All dogs must wear a collar displaying the owner's contact information.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on designated dates and areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (h)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section apply (with the following exception to the condition at paragraph (h)(1)(ii): Each adult may supervise no more than one youth hunter).
              (ii) We require each person participating in a muzzleloader or firearms quota hunt to possess a nontransferable refuge quota hunt permit. You may apply for quota hunt permits by submitting a completed hunt application (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application—National Wildlife Refuge System) available at the refuge office.
              (iii) During big game hunts, we prohibit hunters from entering the refuge earlier than 4 a.m., and they must leave the refuge no later than 2 hours after legal sunset.
              (iv) Youth quota hunts are for hunters ages 10 through 17.
              (v) During refuge firearms deer hunts, all participants must wear at least 500 square inches (3,250 square centimeters) of unbroken, fluorescent-orange material above the waist as an outer garment while hunting and while en route to and from hunting areas.
              (vi) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a “deer drive” as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.
              (vii) We prohibit placing a tree stand on the refuge more than 4 days prior to the opening day of the deer hunt in which hunters will be participating, except for participants of the youth deer hunt, who may place tree stands no more than 7 days prior to the hunt day. Archery hunters must remove their tree stands by the last day of that hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter). Muzzleloader and firearms hunters must remove their tree stands by the day after the last day of that hunt (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (viii) You must check all deer taken on the refuge at the refuge check station on the date of take prior to removing the animal from the refuge.
              (ix) During refuge muzzleloader and firearms deer hunts, we prohibit all other public use in refuge hunting areas.
              (x) We prohibit big game hunting within 100 feet (30 meters) of any vehicle or road open to vehicle traffic.
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated dates and areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

              (i) We require all anglers to possess and carry a signed refuge sport fishing permit (signed brochure) and government-issued picture identification while fishing in refuge waters.
              (ii) We prohibit possession or use of trotlines, set hooks, gigs, jug lines, limblines, snagging devices, nets, seines, fish traps, or other special devices.
              (i) Pocosin Lakes National Wildlife Refuge—(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, swan, dove, woodcock, rail, and snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) We require consent from refuge personnel to enter and retrieve legally taken game animals from closed areas, including “No Hunting Zones.”
              (ii) We require all hunters and anglers to possess and carry a signed, self-service refuge hunting/fishing permit (signed brochure) while hunting and fishing on the refuge. We require all hunters age 16 and older to purchase and carry a special refuge recreational activity permit (name/address/phone number).
              (iii) We allow hunters to enter and remain in hunting areas from 2 hours before legal sunrise until 2 hours after legal sunset when we allow hunting in those areas.
              (iv) We allow the use of all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) only on designated ATV roads (see § 27.31 of this chapter) and only to transport hunters and their equipment to hunt and scout. We allow hunting from ATVs while on these designated ATV roads when they are stationary and the engine is turned off. We allow ATV use only on the ATV roads at the following times:
              (A) When we open the ATV road and surrounding area to hunting;
              (B) One week prior to the ATV road and surrounding area opening to hunting; and
              (C) On Sundays, when we open the ATV road and surrounding area for hunting the following Monday.
              (v) We allow the use of biodegradable-type flagging.
              (vi) We allow the use of only portable blinds and temporary blinds constructed of natural materials. You must remove portable blinds at the end of each day (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (vii) We allow the use of dogs to point and retrieve migratory game birds.
              (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of quail, squirrel, raccoon, opossum, rabbit, beaver, nutria, and fox on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (i)(1)(i) through (iv) of this section apply.
              (ii) We only allow the taking of beaver and nutria with firearms and only during those times when the area is open to hunting of other game animals with firearms.
              (iii) We prohibit the hunting of raccoon and opossum during, 5 days before, and 5 days after the State bear seasons. Outside of these periods, we allow the hunting of raccoon and opossum at night but only while possessing a General Special Use Application and Permit (FWS Form 3-1383-G).
              (iv) We prohibit the use of rifles, other than .22-caliber rimfire rifles for hunting, and we prohibit the use of pistols for hunting.
              (v) We allow the use of dogs for pointing and retrieving upland game and for chasing rabbit (but not fox). We prohibit possession of buckshot or slugs while hunting with dogs.
              (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of deer, turkey, and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
              (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (i)(1)(i) through (iv) of this section apply.
              (ii) You may hunt turkey only if you carry a valid permit (General Activities Special Use Permit Application, FWS Form 3-1383-G). These permits are valid only for the dates and areas shown on the permit. You may possess only approved nontoxic shot (see § 32.2(k)) while hunting turkeys west of Evans Road and on the Pungo Unit.
              (iii) We prohibit the use of rifles and pistols.
              (iv) We allow deer hunting on the Pungo Unit only through the end of October each season, except that we allow deer hunting with archery equipment on the Pungo Unit through the end of November.

              (v) We allow hunters to take feral hogs in any area that is open to hunting deer using only those weapons authorized for taking deer. On the Frying Pan tracts, we also allow hunters to take feral hogs, using only those weapons authorized for taking deer, whenever we open those tracts to hunting any game species with firearms.
              (vi) We allow the use of only portable deer stands (tree climbers, ladders, tripods, etc.).We require that you remove all stands, blinds, and other personal property at the end of each day (see § 27.93 of this chapter).
              (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of
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